A multi-stage oil-gas conversion separation type pyrolysis device and a pyrolysis method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a multi-stage oil-gas conversion separation type cracking device and a cracking method thereof, which comprise a preheating mechanism and further comprise: a supporting cylinder body fixedly connected with the output end of the preheating mechanism; a condensing tower fixedly connected with the output end of the supporting cylinder body; a catalytic cracking mechanism rotatably connected with the inner wall of the bottom end of the supporting cylinder body, wherein the outer wall of the bottom end of the supporting cylinder body is fixedly installed with a motor one, and the output end of the motor one is in transmission connection with the catalytic cracking mechanism through the supporting cylinder body; and an equalizing mechanism installed in the supporting cylinder body and located directly above the catalytic cracking mechanism; the catalytic cracking mechanism comprises: an inner cylinder body, the bottom end of the inner cylinder body is fixedly connected with a bottom frame, and the bottom frame is in transmission connection with the output end of the motor one; and a filter screen, the catalyst utilization rate and coking rate of the multi-stage oil-gas conversion separation type cracking device and the cracking method thereof are greatly reduced, the continuous operation time of single loading is greatly increased, and the comprehensive performance is obviously superior to that of the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of waste pyrolysis treatment technology, and in particular to a multi-stage oil and gas conversion and separation pyrolysis device and its pyrolysis method. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of resource utilization of organic waste such as waste plastics, waste rubber, and biomass, catalytic cracking technology is an important means of converting large molecular hydrocarbons into small molecular fuel oils and chemical feedstocks. In existing catalytic cracking units, the contact between the catalyst and the reactants mostly uses a fixed-bed configuration.

[0003] In a fixed-bed pyrolysis unit, catalyst particles are statically deposited within the reactor, and reactants flow through the catalyst bed. This structure offers advantages such as minimal catalyst loss and simple operation. However, fixed-bed pyrolysis presents a long-standing technical challenge: coking and carbon deposition on the catalyst surface. Because the catalyst particles are stationary, the pyrolysis reaction of the reactants on the catalyst surface generates coke as a byproduct. This coke gradually deposits on the catalyst surface and within the pores, covering active sites and leading to rapid catalyst deactivation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention discloses a multi-stage oil and gas conversion and separation cracking device and its cracking method, aiming to solve the technical problem that when the catalyst particles are in a static state, the cracking reaction of the reactants on the catalyst surface will generate by-product coke. This coke gradually deposits on the catalyst surface and in the pores, covering the active sites and causing the catalyst to deactivate rapidly.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A multi-stage oil-gas conversion and separation pyrolysis unit includes a preheating mechanism, and further includes: a support cylinder fixedly connected to the output end of the preheating mechanism; a condenser tower fixedly connected to the output end of the support cylinder; a catalytic pyrolysis mechanism rotatably connected to the inner wall of the bottom end of the support cylinder, with a motor fixedly installed on the outer wall of the bottom end of the support cylinder, and its output end passing through the support cylinder and connected to the catalytic pyrolysis mechanism; and a heat equalization mechanism installed inside the support cylinder and located directly above the catalytic pyrolysis mechanism. The catalytic pyrolysis mechanism includes: an inner cylinder with a base frame fixedly connected to its bottom end, and the base frame is connected to the motor... The output end of component 1 is connected to the drive; the filter screen has through slots at both the top and bottom of the inner cylinder, and the filter screen is fixedly connected to the through slots at the top and bottom respectively; multiple metal filter screen frames are fixedly connected to the inner circumference of the inner cylinder at equal intervals, and each metal filter screen frame is filled with catalyst particles with a filling volume of 70%-85%; multiple center blocks are fixedly connected to the bottom inner wall of each metal filter screen frame, and each center block has an extending protrusion fixedly connected to the outer circumference of the outer wall at equal intervals; and a movable sealing ring 2 is installed between the outer circumference of the inner cylinder and the inner circumference of the inner cylinder. The top inner wall of the support cylinder is fixedly connected to a conveying pipe 1, which is also fixedly connected to the preheating mechanism. The bottom inner wall of the support cylinder is fixedly connected to a conveying pipe 2, which is also fixedly connected to the condensation tower.

[0006] By incorporating a catalytic cracking mechanism, the catalyst particles are controlled to roll within each chamber and their surfaces are continuously renewed as the mechanism rotates. The radial ridges generate a "plowshare" effect, which helps to strip the coke from the surface. Compared with the traditional fixed bed, this structure significantly reduces catalyst utilization and coking rate, while increasing the length of continuous operation during a single loading. Its overall performance is significantly better than existing technologies.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, the heat equalization mechanism includes: a hollow column, fixedly connected to the top outer wall of the inner cylinder, and a conical head fixedly connected to the top outer wall; a second spiral protrusion, fixedly surrounding the circumferential outer wall of the hollow column; and a first spiral protrusion, fixedly surrounding the circumferential inner wall of the supporting cylinder, and rotating in the opposite direction to the second spiral protrusion.

[0008] With the heat equalization mechanism in place, the two sets of counter-rotating spirals generate strong shear turbulence when the inner cylinder rotates, enabling the material to achieve temperature uniformity within a very short stroke. Compared with traditional static heat equalizers, this can greatly improve heat equalization efficiency.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the preheating mechanism includes: a conical chamber, on which a second motor is fixedly installed on the outer wall of its top end, and the output end of the second motor passes through the top end of the conical chamber and is connected to a set of crushing blades; a conveying channel, the inner wall of the bottom end of the conical chamber being fixedly connected to the inner wall of the top end of the conveying channel; and a rotating shaft, rotatably connected to the conveying channel. The preheating mechanism further includes: a variable pitch spiral blade, which is fixedly connected to the outer circumference of the rotating shaft. The rotating shaft and the variable pitch spiral blade are integrally formed and have a hollow internal structure; and a movable sealing ring, which is connected to both ends of the rotating shaft respectively. The preheating mechanism further includes: a return pipe, the two ends of which are connected to the two ends of a rotating shaft via a movable sealing ring; and a circulating heater, which is fixedly installed in the middle section of the return pipe. The preheating mechanism further includes: a gear ring, fixedly surrounding one end of the rotating shaft; a gear, rotatably connected to the outer wall of one side of the conveying channel, and its side is connected to the output end of the motor; and a chain, which is simultaneously sleeved on the gear and the gear ring.

[0010] By incorporating a preheating mechanism and integrating a conical hopper, variable pitch spiral blades, and hollow spiral heating structure into one unit, the conveying and preheating processes are completed within the same equipment, eliminating the need for intermediate transfers. This reduces the equipment's footprint and improves heat utilization. Furthermore, the variable pitch design, where the pitch gradually increases from the inlet to the outlet, ensures that the material is gradually compressed during discharge, increasing its contact with the variable pitch spiral blades and optimizing the heat transfer coefficient for faster heating.

[0011] A pyrolysis method for a multi-stage oil-gas conversion and separation pyrolysis unit further includes the following specific steps: S1: Preheating and conveying: The raw material enters the preheating mechanism and moves forward under the compression and pushing of the variable-pitch spiral blades. At the same time, the heat-conducting oil in the hollow structure indirectly heats the raw material, raising its temperature; S2: Swirling homogenization: The preheated material enters the homogenization mechanism, where axial turbulence is formed under the combined action of spiral convex strip one and spiral convex strip two, making the material temperature uniform; S3: Catalytic pyrolysis: The homogenized material enters the catalytic pyrolysis mechanism, passes through the rotating multi-layer rigid metal filter screen, and comes into contact with the catalyst particles to undergo a pyrolysis reaction. At the same time, the rotation causes the catalyst particles to continuously tumble and renew their surfaces; S4: Condensation and separation: The pyrolysis products enter the condensation tower, where they are cooled and separated into gas and liquid. The pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis oil are collected separately, and the residue is discharged from the bottom.

[0012] As described above, a multi-stage oil-gas conversion and separation pyrolysis unit includes a preheating mechanism, and further includes: a support cylinder, fixedly connected to the output end of the preheating mechanism; a condenser tower, fixedly connected to the output end of the support cylinder; a catalytic pyrolysis mechanism, rotatably connected to the inner wall of the bottom end of the support cylinder, with a motor fixedly installed on the outer wall of the bottom end of the support cylinder, and its output end passing through the support cylinder and connected to the catalytic pyrolysis mechanism; and a heat equalization mechanism, installed inside the support cylinder and located directly above the catalytic pyrolysis mechanism; the catalytic pyrolysis mechanism includes: an inner cylinder, the bottom end of which is fixedly connected to a base frame, and the base frame is connected to... The motor's output end is connected to the drive; a filter screen has through slots at both the top and bottom of the inner cylinder, and the filter screen is fixedly connected to the through slots at the top and bottom ends respectively; multiple metal filter screen frames are fixedly connected at equal intervals to the inner circumference of the inner cylinder, each metal filter screen frame is filled with catalyst particles, and the filling volume is 70%-85%; multiple center blocks are fixedly connected to the bottom inner wall of each metal filter screen frame, and each center block has an extending protrusion fixedly connected at equal intervals to the outer circumference of the outer circumference of the inner cylinder; a movable sealing ring two is installed between the outer circumference of the inner cylinder and the inner circumference of the inner cylinder. The multi-stage oil and gas conversion separation cracking device and cracking method provided by this invention significantly reduces the catalyst utilization rate and coking rate, increases the length of continuous operation during a single loading, and has significantly better overall performance than the prior art. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a multi-stage oil-gas conversion and separation pyrolysis device proposed in this invention.

[0014] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the cylinder of a multi-stage oil-gas conversion and separation pyrolysis device proposed in this invention.

[0015] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the catalytic cracking mechanism of a multi-stage oil-gas conversion and separation cracking device proposed in this invention.

[0016] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the preheating mechanism of a multi-stage oil-gas conversion and separation pyrolysis device proposed in this invention.

[0017] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the preheating mechanism of a multi-stage oil-gas conversion and separation pyrolysis device proposed in this invention.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Preheating mechanism; 2. Support cylinder; 3. Condensation tower; 4. Conveying pipe one; 5. Heat equalization mechanism; 6. Catalytic cracking mechanism; 7. Motor one; 8. Conveying pipe two; 101. Motor two; 102. Conical chamber; 103. Crushing blade assembly; 104. Conveying channel; 105. Variable pitch spiral blade; 106. Rotating shaft; 107. Movable sealing ring one; 108. Return pipe; 109. Motor three; 110. Gear; 111. Chain; 112. Circulating heater; 113. Gear ring; 501. Spiral convex strip one; 502. Conical head; 503. Hollow column; 504. Spiral convex strip two; 601. Filter screen; 602. Movable sealing ring two; 603. Inner cylinder; 604. Base frame; 605. Metal filter screen frame; 606. Center block; 607. Extending convex strip. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0020] The multi-stage oil-gas conversion and separation pyrolysis device and its pyrolysis method disclosed in this invention are mainly applied to oil-gas conversion and separation scenarios.

[0021] Reference Figures 1-3A multi-stage oil and gas conversion and separation cracking device includes a preheating mechanism 1, a support cylinder 2, a condenser tower 3, a catalytic cracking mechanism 6, and a heat equalization mechanism 5. The support cylinder 2 is fixedly connected to the output end of the preheating mechanism 1; the condenser tower 3 is fixedly connected to the output end of the support cylinder 2; the catalytic cracking mechanism 6 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the bottom end of the support cylinder 2, and a motor 7 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the bottom end of the support cylinder 2, with its output end passing through the support cylinder 2 and being connected to the catalytic cracking mechanism 6 for transmission; the heat equalization mechanism 5 is installed inside the support cylinder 2 and is located directly above the catalytic cracking mechanism 6.

[0022] The catalytic cracking mechanism 6 includes a filter screen 601, a movable sealing ring 602, an inner cylinder 603, a base frame 604, a metal filter screen frame 605, and a central block 606. The base frame 604 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the inner cylinder 603, and the base frame 604 is connected to the output end of the motor 7. Through slots are simultaneously provided at the top and bottom ends of the inner cylinder 603, and the filter screen 601 is fixedly connected to the through slots at the top and bottom ends respectively. Multiple metal filter screen frames 601... 5. The inner wall of the inner cylinder 603 is fixedly connected at equal intervals. Each metal filter frame 605 is filled with catalyst particles, and the filling volume is 70%-85%. Multiple central blocks 606 are fixedly connected to the bottom inner wall of each metal filter frame 605, and the outer wall of each central block 606 is fixedly connected with an extension protrusion 607 at equal intervals. The movable sealing ring 602 is installed between the outer wall of the inner cylinder 603 and the inner wall of the inner cylinder 603.

[0023] The catalytic cracking mechanism 6 of this invention adopts a rotatable cylindrical structure, with the interior divided into multiple independent catalyst chambers by a metal filter frame 605. Each chamber has radially extending ridges 607 at its bottom. During rotation, the catalyst particles roll in a controlled manner within each chamber, and the surface is continuously renewed. The radial ridges generate a "plowshare" effect, which helps to strip the coke from the surface. The multi-layer chambers are connected in series to achieve a step-by-step reaction mode of "cracking-redistribution-recracking". The rigid structure of the metal filter frame 605 confines the catalyst within its respective chamber, preventing loss and filtering dust. At the same time, the filter screens 601 set at the upper and lower positions have smaller pore sizes, which can isolate the coke debris stripped from the catalyst. Compared with the traditional fixed bed, this structure significantly reduces the catalyst utilization rate and coking rate, and increases the length of continuous operation during a single loading. Its overall performance is significantly better than the prior art.

[0024] Reference Figure 2In a preferred embodiment, the heat equalization mechanism 5 includes a spiral protrusion 501, a conical head 502, and a hollow column 503; the hollow column 503 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the top end of the inner cylinder 603, and the conical head 502 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of its top end; the spiral protrusion 504 is fixedly wrapped around the outer circumference of the hollow column 503; the spiral protrusion 501 is fixedly wrapped around the inner circumference of the supporting cylinder 2, and rotates in the opposite direction to the spiral protrusion 504.

[0025] The heat equalization mechanism 5 is composed of a rotating inner cylinder 603 and a fixed support cylinder 2. The surfaces of both are provided with spiral protrusions in opposite directions. When the inner cylinder 603 rotates, the two sets of opposite spirals generate strong shear turbulence, which enables the material to achieve temperature uniformity within a very short stroke. At the same time, the pumping effect of the spiral of the inner cylinder 603 is balanced with the throttling effect of the opposite spiral of the support cylinder 2, which makes the material residence time distribution narrower and the operation stability higher. Compared with the traditional static heat equalizer, the heat equalization efficiency can be greatly improved.

[0026] Reference Figure 2 In a preferred embodiment, the inner wall of the top end of the support cylinder 2 is fixedly connected to a conveying pipe 4, and the conveying pipe 4 is fixedly connected to the preheating mechanism 1. The inner wall of the bottom end of the support cylinder 2 is fixedly connected to a conveying pipe 8, and the conveying pipe 8 is fixedly connected to the condensing tower 3.

[0027] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 In a preferred embodiment, the preheating mechanism 1 includes a second motor 101, a conical chamber 102, a crushing blade assembly 103, a conveying channel 104, a variable-pitch spiral blade 105, a rotating shaft 106, a movable sealing ring 107, a return pipe 108, a third motor 109, a gear 110, a chain 111, a circulating heater 112, and a gear ring 113. The second motor 101 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the top of the conical chamber 102, and the output end of the second motor 101 passes through the top of the conical chamber 102 and is connected to the crushing blade assembly 103 for transmission. The inner wall of the bottom end of the conical chamber 102 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the top of the conveying channel 104. The rotating shaft 106 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the conveying channel 104. A variable-pitch spiral blade 105 is fixedly connected to the outer circumference of the rotating shaft 106. The rotating shaft 106 and the variable-pitch spiral blade 105 are integrally formed and have a hollow internal structure. A movable sealing ring 107 is connected to both ends of the rotating shaft 106. The two ends of the return pipe 108 are connected to the two ends of the rotating shaft 106 through the movable sealing ring 107. A circulating heater 112 is fixedly installed in the middle section of the return pipe 108. A toothed ring 113 is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft 106. A gear 110 is rotatably connected to one side of the outer wall of the conveying channel 104, and one side of it is connected to the output end of the motor 109. A chain 111 is simultaneously sleeved on the gear 110 and the toothed ring 113.

[0028] By integrating the conical chamber 102, the variable pitch spiral blade 105, and the hollow spiral heating structure into one unit, the raw material is crushed in the conical chamber 102 and falls directly into the conveying channel 104. During the forward pushing process, the hot oil circulating in the variable pitch spiral blade 105 and the rotating shaft 106 simultaneously completes the preheating and temperature rise. The conveying and preheating actions are completed in the same equipment, eliminating the need for intermediate transfer, reducing the equipment's footprint, and improving heat utilization. At the same time, a variable pitch design is adopted, with the pitch gradually increasing from the feeding end to the discharging end: the larger pitch at the feeding end facilitates feeding, while the smaller pitch at the discharging end gradually compresses the material, gradually increasing the degree of contact with the variable pitch spiral blade 105, optimizing the heat transfer coefficient, and achieving faster heating.

[0029] Reference Figures 1-5 A pyrolysis method for a multi-stage oil-gas conversion and separation pyrolysis unit further includes the following specific steps: S1: Preheating and conveying: The raw material enters the preheating mechanism 1 and moves forward under the compression and pushing of the variable-pitch spiral blades 105. At the same time, the heat-conducting oil in the hollow structure indirectly heats the raw material, raising its temperature; S2: Swirling homogenization: The preheated material enters the homogenization mechanism 5, where axial turbulence is formed under the combined action of spiral convex strip 501 and spiral convex strip 504, making the material temperature uniform; S3: Catalytic pyrolysis: The homogenized material enters the catalytic pyrolysis mechanism 6, passes through the rotating multi-layer rigid metal filter frame 605, and comes into contact with the catalyst particles to undergo a pyrolysis reaction. At the same time, the rotation causes the catalyst particles to continuously tumble and renew their surfaces; S4: Condensation and separation: The pyrolysis products enter the condensation tower 3, where they are cooled and separated into gas and liquid. The pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis oil are collected separately, and the residue is discharged from the bottom.

[0030] Working principle: The catalytic cracking mechanism 6 of this invention adopts a rotatable cylindrical structure. The interior is divided into multiple independent catalyst chambers by a metal filter frame 605. Each chamber has radially extending ridges 607 at the bottom. When rotating, the catalyst particles roll in a controlled manner in each chamber, and the surface is continuously renewed. The radial ridges generate a "plowshare" effect, which helps to peel off surface coke. The multi-layer chambers are connected in series to realize a step-by-step reaction mode of "cracking-redistribution-recracking". The rigid structure of the metal filter frame 605 confines the catalyst in its respective chamber, preventing loss and filtering dust. At the same time, the filter screens 601 set at the upper and lower positions have smaller pore sizes, which can isolate the coke debris peeled off by the catalyst. Compared with the traditional fixed bed, this structure greatly reduces the catalyst utilization rate and coking rate, and increases the length of continuous operation during a single loading. The overall performance is significantly better than the prior art.

[0031] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-stage oil-gas conversion and separation pyrolysis unit, comprising a preheating mechanism (1), characterized in that, Also includes: The support cylinder (2) is fixedly connected to the output end of the preheating mechanism (1); The condenser (3) is fixedly connected to the output end of the support cylinder (2); The catalytic cracking mechanism (6) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the bottom end of the support cylinder (2). The outer wall of the bottom end of the support cylinder (2) is fixedly installed with a motor (7), and its output end passes through the support cylinder (2) and is connected to the catalytic cracking mechanism (6) for transmission. The heat equalization mechanism (5) is installed inside the support cylinder (2) and is located directly above the catalytic cracking mechanism (6); The catalytic cracking mechanism (6) includes: The inner cylinder (603) has a base frame (604) fixedly connected to its bottom end, and the base frame (604) is connected to the output end of the motor (7) for transmission. The filter screen (601) and the inner cylinder (603) are provided with through grooves at the top and bottom, and the filter screen (601) is fixedly connected to the through grooves at the top and bottom respectively. Multiple metal filter frames (605) are fixedly connected at equal intervals to the inner circumference of the inner cylinder (603). Each metal filter frame (605) is filled with catalyst particles, and the filling volume is 70%-85%. Multiple center blocks (606) are fixedly connected to the bottom inner wall of each metal filter frame (605), and each center block (606) has an extension ridge (607) fixedly connected at equal intervals on its outer circumference. The second movable sealing ring (602) is installed between the outer circumferential wall of the inner cylinder (603) and the inner circumferential wall of the inner cylinder (603).

2. The multi-stage oil-gas conversion and separation pyrolysis unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top inner wall of the support cylinder (2) is fixedly connected to a conveying pipe (4), and the conveying pipe (4) is fixedly connected to the preheating mechanism (1). The bottom inner wall of the support cylinder (2) is fixedly connected to a conveying pipe (8), and the conveying pipe (8) is fixedly connected to the condensing tower (3).

3. The multi-stage oil-gas conversion and separation pyrolysis unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preheating mechanism (1) includes: A conical chamber (102) has a motor (101) fixedly installed on its top outer wall, and the output end of the motor (101) passes through the top of the conical chamber (102) and is connected to the crushing blade assembly (103). The bottom inner wall of the conical hopper (102) is fixedly connected to the top inner wall of the conveying channel (104); The rotating shaft (106) is rotatably connected to the conveying channel (104).

4. The multi-stage oil-gas conversion and separation pyrolysis unit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The preheating mechanism (1) further includes: A variable pitch spiral blade (105) is fixedly connected to the outer circumference of the rotating shaft (106). The rotating shaft (106) and the variable pitch spiral blade (105) are integrally formed and have a hollow internal structure. The movable sealing ring (107) is connected to both ends of the rotating shaft (106).

5. A multi-stage oil-gas conversion and separation pyrolysis unit according to claim 4, characterized in that, The preheating mechanism (1) further includes: The return pipe (108) is connected at both ends by a movable sealing ring (107) and the two ends of a rotating shaft (106), respectively. The circulating heater (112) is fixedly installed in the middle section of the return pipe (108).

6. The multi-stage oil-gas conversion and separation pyrolysis unit according to claim 5, characterized in that, The preheating mechanism (1) further includes: A toothed ring (113) is fixedly wrapped around one end of the rotating shaft (106); Gear (110) is rotatably connected to one side of the outer wall of the conveying channel (104), and one side of it is connected to the output end of motor three (109); The chain (111) is simultaneously fitted onto the gear (110) and the toothed ring (113).

7. A multi-stage oil-gas conversion and separation pyrolysis unit according to claim 6, characterized in that, The heat equalization mechanism (5) includes: A hollow column (503) is fixedly connected to the top outer wall of the inner cylinder (603), and a conical head (502) is fixedly connected to its top outer wall. Spiral protrusion 2 (504) is fixedly wrapped around the outer circumference of the hollow column (503); Spiral protrusion one (501) is fixedly wrapped around the inner circumference of the support cylinder (2) and rotates in the opposite direction to that of spiral protrusion two (504).

8. A pyrolysis method for a multi-stage oil-gas conversion and separation pyrolysis unit, applied to the multi-stage oil-gas conversion and separation pyrolysis unit as described in claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes the following specific steps: S1: Preheating and conveying: The raw material enters the preheating mechanism (1) and moves forward under the extrusion and pushing of the variable pitch spiral blade (105). At the same time, the heat-conducting oil in the hollow structure indirectly heats the raw material, causing the raw material to heat up. S2: Swirl homogenization: The preheated material enters the homogenization mechanism (5), and under the combined action of spiral protrusion one (501) and spiral protrusion two (504), axial turbulence is formed, so that the material temperature is uniform; S3: Catalytic cracking: The homogenized material enters the catalytic cracking mechanism (6), passes through the rotating multi-layer rigid metal filter screen (605), and comes into contact with the catalyst particles to undergo a cracking reaction. At the same time, the catalyst particles are continuously rolled and their surfaces are renewed by the rotation. S4: Condensation and separation: The pyrolysis products enter the condenser (3), and after cooling, the gas and liquid are separated. The pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis oil are collected separately, and the residue is discharged from the bottom.

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