Energy-saving building material laser cutting processing special equipment and method

Abstract

The application discloses an energy-saving building material laser cutting processing special equipment and method, which comprises a base, a support frame, a plurality of support shaft rollers arranged at intervals along the length direction and a waste collecting channel arranged between adjacent support shaft rollers. The equipment further comprises an integrated cutting unit, a first moving unit of which is transverse to the support frame and can move along the X axis, and a Y axis driving assembly is arranged on the first moving unit; a second moving unit moves along the Y axis through the driving assembly, and a movable box body is provided with a Z axis sliding assembly on the side close to the support shaft roller; a disc type laser head is connected to the sliding assembly and comprises a reciprocating driving assembly and a disc body in peripheral engagement with the reciprocating driving assembly, and the laser head is installed on the central shaft of the disc body. Through the cooperation of the reciprocating rotation cutting and the follow-up annular spraying, the hard and brittle stone laser cutting with low heat influence, low micro-cracks, low dust, low energy consumption and low water consumption is realized, and the equipment has good industrial practicability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a special equipment and method for cutting and processing, and more particularly to a special equipment and method for laser cutting and processing energy-saving building materials. Background Technology

[0002] Natural stone (such as marble, granite, quartz stone, travertine, etc.) and artificial stone (such as quartz slabs, rock slabs, etc.) are generally characterized by high hardness, high brittleness, low thermal conductivity, and sensitivity to thermal stress, which puts forward special requirements for heat input control and crack suppression during the processing.

[0003] Currently, stone cutting mainly employs mechanical methods such as circular saws and bridge saws. The high-speed impact of mechanical sawing easily causes edge chipping, corner chipping, and even overall breakage, especially when processing granite. Vibration can also exacerbate the propagation of internal micro-cracks. Meanwhile, diamond saw blades wear out extremely quickly, and frequent replacements not only significantly increase tool costs and resource consumption (saw blade manufacturing requires a large amount of diamond and high-energy steel), but also reduce production efficiency. Failure to replace blades in a timely manner can lead to saw deviation, further deteriorating the cutting quality. Furthermore, cutting generates fine dust containing crystalline silica, which can cause silicosis with long-term inhalation. While traditional wet cutting has some dust suppression effect, it consumes a large amount of water, is difficult to treat the slurry, and cannot completely suppress the release of inhalable dust, resulting in water waste and secondary pollution.

[0004] In recent years, laser cutting technology has been gradually introduced into the stone processing field. However, stone is a brittle material, and laser heating generates strong thermal gradients and mechanical deformation, easily inducing cracks in the processing area. The heat-affected zone also causes changes in the surface physicochemical properties: marble and other carbonate stones are prone to thermal decomposition under high-temperature laser irradiation, resulting in discoloration, loss of gloss, and even powdering, thus losing the aesthetic value of natural stone. This defect is unacceptable in the processing of high-end decorative stone. More importantly, existing laser cutting equipment often requires high-power lasers (such as 1500 W or more) to complete the cutting of thick slabs or hard stone, resulting in high energy consumption; at the same time, cooling and cutting are difficult to effectively integrate—although composite processing technologies such as water-guided lasers have made progress in suppressing thermal damage, and water jets can continuously cool the cutting area and remove debris, these technologies and equipment are expensive and energy-intensive, making them difficult to universally apply to large-scale energy-saving processing of building stone. Traditional auxiliary gas cooling methods are ineffective in addressing the slow heat dissipation characteristic of stone. Fixed water curtain spraying systems, while efficient, suffer from high water volume and low utilization, and their fixed spray direction prevents them from following the laser focus in real-time, resulting in low cooling efficiency and further waste of energy and water resources. Furthermore, laser processing of stone also generates fine particulate matter and inhalable dust.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for a low-energy, high-efficiency laser cutting processing equipment specifically designed for natural and artificial stone, capable of fundamentally reconciling the contradiction between high-efficiency laser cutting and thermal damage control, and achieving low micro-cracks, low heat impact, low dust emissions, and energy-saving laser cutting processing of stone. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of the aforementioned technologies, this invention provides a special equipment and method for laser cutting of energy-saving building materials.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a special equipment for laser cutting and processing of energy-saving building materials, including a base and a support frame on the base, a plurality of support rollers are arranged at intervals along the length direction on the support frame, a waste collection channel is provided between adjacent support rollers on the base, and an integrated cutting unit is also included. The integrated cutting unit includes: A first moving unit is mounted across the support frame and is movably mounted on a slide rail of the support frame along the X-axis. The first moving unit has a drive assembly mounted along the Y-axis. The second moving unit is movably mounted on the first moving unit along the Y-axis via a drive assembly. The second moving unit includes a movable housing, and a sliding assembly along the Z-axis is provided on the side of the movable housing near the support shaft roller. A disc-type laser head is connected to a sliding assembly of the second moving unit, including a reciprocating drive assembly connected to the sliding assembly. The reciprocating drive assembly engages circumferentially with the disc body, and the laser head is mounted along the central axis of the disc body.

[0008] Furthermore, the reciprocating drive component includes: First motor, the first motor is connected to the sliding assembly; The connecting arm is fixedly connected to the first motor at one end and connected to the central tube extending upward from the disc body via a rotating sleeve at the other end. The upper flange plate is fixed to the end wall of the first motor; The lower flange plate is located above the disc body; The gear set includes a first gear and a second gear meshing between the upper flange plate and the lower flange plate. The first gear is connected to the main shaft of the first motor, and the second gear meshes with the disc body.

[0009] Furthermore, the disk body includes a disk-shaped support plate located at the lower part, the disk-shaped support plate is connected to the central tube upward through the tapering tube in the middle, and the periphery of the connecting section between the tapering tube and the disk-shaped support plate is provided with a circumferential toothed row, which meshes with the second gear of the reciprocating drive assembly.

[0010] Furthermore, the upper surface of the disc-shaped support plate is provided with a circular convex rail that coincides with the axis of the central tube. The circular convex rail includes a sliding section and a fixing section for sliding on the lower flange plate. When the disc-shaped support plate rotates circumferentially, the sliding section of the circular convex rail is matched and set in the arc-shaped groove on the lower surface of the lower flange plate of the reciprocating drive assembly. Several through holes are evenly opened on the disc-shaped support plate below the fixing section of the circular convex rail, and the fixing section of the circular convex rail spans across the through holes.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes a spray unit; The spray unit includes: Several spray heads are installed one by one on the fixed section above the through hole; Flexible tubes are connected to each spray head, and the inlet ends of each flexible tube are circumferentially connected to the tapering tubes of the disc-shaped support plate. The pre-compression chamber is fixed to the housing of the first motor, and its lower outlet is dynamically sealed to the central tube. The water pump has its input end connected to the water storage chamber of a movable tank via a retractable bend, and its output end connected to the pre-pressurization chamber.

[0012] Furthermore, the ratio of the arc length of the sliding section to the arc length of the fixed section of the circular convex rail is 1:4.

[0013] Furthermore, the first moving unit includes a gantry-type moving beam spanning the support frame, with X-axis sliders fixed at the bottom of both ends of the gantry-type moving beam and slidingly engaging with the slide rails of the support frame; an X-axis drive motor and an X-axis transmission screw arranged along the X-axis are also fixed on the first moving unit, with the X-axis transmission screw engaging with the screw nut seat on the support frame to drive the first moving unit as a whole to reciprocate along the X-axis.

[0014] Furthermore, the drive assembly of the second moving unit includes a Y-axis guide rail, a Y-axis lead screw, and a Y-axis drive motor fixed along the Y-axis to the first moving unit. The back of the movable housing is fixed with a Y-axis lead screw nut that meshes with the Y-axis lead screw and a Y-axis slider that cooperates with the Y-axis guide rail.

[0015] Furthermore, the movable housing is provided with a Z-axis slide rail and a Z-axis slider arranged along the Z-axis on the side near the support shaft roller. The reciprocating drive assembly of the disc laser head is fixedly connected to the Z-axis slider, and a Z-axis drive element is provided on the movable housing to control the lifting position of the laser head along the Z-axis.

[0016] A working method of a special equipment for laser cutting of energy-saving building materials: Step 1, the energy-saving building material to be cut is laid flat on the support roller, and the positions of the first moving unit and the second moving unit are adjusted so that the disc laser head is aligned with the cutting starting point; Step 2: Start the water pump. The cooling water in the water storage chamber enters the pre-pressurization chamber through the telescopic bend, and then passes through the central pipe, the tapering pipe and the flexible pipe connected by the dynamic seal. Finally, it is sprayed outward in a ring shape from multiple spray heads installed on the fixed section of the disc-shaped support plate. Step 3: Start the laser of the disc laser head so that the laser head emits a laser beam downward along the central axis of the disc. At the same time, start the first motor of the reciprocating drive assembly. The reciprocating drive assembly drives the disc to reciprocate around its central axis through the gear set. The laser head rotates synchronously with the disc to achieve rotary cutting of building materials. Step 4: During the reciprocating rotation of the disc, all the spray heads fixed on the disc rotate together with the disc, so that the spray water always covers the laser beam in a dynamic ring shape, and the direction of the rotating spray is synchronized with the direction of the rotation of the laser head. While rotating and cutting, the dynamic ring spray is used for cooling and dust removal. Step 5: The waste debris generated during cutting is discharged through the waste collection channel. After cutting is completed, the laser, the first motor and the water pump are turned off in sequence, and the first moving unit and the second moving unit are reset.

[0017] This invention discloses a dedicated equipment and method for energy-saving laser cutting of building materials. An integrated cutting unit organically combines a first moving unit, a second moving unit, and a disc-type laser head, integrating the reciprocating rotation cutting of the laser head with the follow-up annular spraying of the spraying unit. Driven by the same motor, this forms a strongly coupled working mode where rotational cutting and synchronous follow-up spraying occur simultaneously. This combined mechanism specifically addresses multiple problems in the prior art, including thermal damage and discoloration, high energy consumption, and dust and water consumption. Rotational cutting ensures periodic distribution of laser energy, avoiding heat concentration. The synchronously rotating spray dynamically and directionally cools the cutting edge, effectively suppressing thermal cracking and thermal decomposition discoloration of carbonate stone. Precise spatiotemporal matching between the spraying and laser focus significantly improves cooling efficiency, resulting in a substantial reduction in the laser power required for the same cutting capacity, achieving inherent energy savings. The follow-up annular water mist precisely envelops the dust-generating area, efficiently settling fine dust. The spraying range precisely overlaps with the cutting area, avoiding ineffective spraying and significantly reducing water consumption. Non-contact thermal processing eliminates edge and corner chipping at the source and eliminates the need for frequent saw blade replacements, completely resolving the inherent defects of mechanical cutting. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention. Figure 1 .

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention. Figure 2 .

[0020] Figure 3 for Figure 1 An enlarged schematic diagram of the structure within the circled area.

[0021] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the disc laser head and spray unit Figure 1 .

[0022] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the disc laser head and spray unit Figure 2 .

[0023] Figure 6 This is a front view of the disc laser head and spray unit.

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the water supply route.

[0025] In the diagram: 1. Base; 2. Support frame; 3. Support roller; 4. Waste collection channel; 5. Integrated cutting unit; 6. First moving unit; 7. Second moving unit; 8. Disc laser head; 9. Slide rail; 10. Drive assembly; 11. Movable housing; 12. Sliding assembly; 13. Reciprocating drive assembly; 14. Disc body; 15. Laser head; 16. First motor; 17. Connecting arm; 18. Rotating sleeve; 19. Central tube; 20. 21. Upper flange plate; 22. Lower flange plate; 22. Gear set; 22a. First gear; 22b. Second gear; 23. Disc-shaped support plate; 24. Gradient tube; 25. Circumferential gear row; 26. Circular convex rail; 27. Sliding section; 28. Fixed section; 29. ​​Arc-shaped groove; 30. Through hole; 31. Spray unit; 32. Spray head; 33. Flexible tube; 34. Pre-compression chamber; 35. Water pump; 36. Telescopic bend; 37. Water storage chamber. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0027] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the stone laser cutting equipment of the present invention includes a rectangular flat base 1. A support frame 2 is fixedly installed above the base 1, and multiple support rollers 3 are arranged at intervals along the length direction (X-axis) of the upper surface of the support frame 2. The surfaces of these support rollers 3 are covered with wear-resistant rubber or hardened for stable transport of heavy slabs such as marble and granite. The spacing between adjacent support rollers 3 is 250-350 mm, and a waste collection channel 4 is provided in the area of ​​the base 1 below this spacing. The waste collection channel 4 is funnel-shaped, and the debris, dust, and slurry generated during the cutting process can be discharged in a timely manner through the waste collection channel 4; in other embodiments, a negative pressure dust collection system and a slurry separation device are connected to the bottom of the waste collection channel.

[0028] This invention features an integrated cutting unit 5, which spans across a support frame 2 and includes a first moving unit 6, a second moving unit 7, and a disc-type laser head 8. The first moving unit 6 is a gantry-type moving beam structure made of high-strength aluminum alloy or cast iron. The first moving unit 6 spans the width direction (Y-axis direction) of the support frame 2 and is movably mounted along the X-axis on a slide rail 9 of the support frame 2. Specifically, high-precision linear guides are laid on the upper surfaces of the longitudinal beams on both sides of the support frame 2 as slide rails 9. Slider blocks are fixed to the bottom of both ends of the first moving unit 6, and these sliders slide in engagement with the slide rails 9. An X-axis drive motor and a transmission screw arranged along the X-axis are fixedly installed at one end of the first moving unit 6, and a screw nut seat is fixed at a corresponding position on the support frame 2, thereby driving the first moving unit 6 to reciprocate along the X-axis.

[0029] The first moving unit 6 also has a drive assembly 10 arranged along the Y-axis. This drive assembly 10 includes two parallel Y-axis guide rails, a Y-axis lead screw, and a Y-axis drive motor fixed to one end of the crossbeam of the first moving unit 6. The second moving unit 7 is movably mounted on the first moving unit 6 along the Y-axis via this drive assembly 10. The second moving unit 7 includes a movable housing 11, which is a rectangular hollow sealed structure. A lead screw nut and a slider are fixed to the back of the movable housing 11, respectively cooperating with the aforementioned Y-axis lead screw and Y-axis guide rails to achieve precise movement in the Y-axis direction. A sliding assembly 12 arranged along the Z-axis is provided on the side of the movable housing 11 near the support shaft roller 3. This sliding assembly 12 includes two vertically mounted Z-axis slide rails, a cooperating slider, and a Z-axis drive element (e.g., a ball screw pair cooperating with a servo motor). The Z-axis drive element is installed inside the movable housing 11, and its movable end is connected to the slider of the sliding assembly 12 to adjust the height of the disc laser head 8, adapting to the processing of stone of different thicknesses.

[0030] like Figure 3 As shown, the disc laser head 8 is connected to the sliding assembly 12 of the second moving unit 7, specifically fixedly connected to the slider of the sliding assembly 12. The disc laser head 8 includes a reciprocating drive assembly 13 connected to the sliding assembly 12, and a disc body 14 circumferentially meshing with the reciprocating drive assembly 13, with a laser head 15 mounted along the central axis of the disc body 14. The mounting plate of the reciprocating drive assembly 13 is fixed to the slider of the sliding assembly 12 by screws.

[0031] Combination Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, a first motor 16 is fixed on the mounting plate. The first motor 16 is a servo motor with angle feedback function. A connecting arm 17 is bolted to the side of the housing of the first motor 16. The connecting arm 17 is in the shape of a straight line, and its other end is connected to the central tube 19 extending upward from the disk body 14 through a rotating sleeve 18. The rotating sleeve 18 is equipped with a needle roller bearing, which allows the central tube 19 to rotate freely at the end of the connecting arm 17. An upper flange plate 20 is fixed to the end wall of the first motor 16 (the side closest to the disk body 14). A lower flange plate 21 is arranged parallel to the lower part of the upper flange plate 20, forming a closed gearbox space between the two. The gear set 22 is arranged in this space, including a first gear 22a and a second gear 22b that mesh with each other. The first gear 22a is directly mounted on the main shaft of the first motor 16, and the second gear 22b is mounted between the upper flange plate 20 and the lower flange plate 21 through a short shaft and meshes with the circumferential gear row 25 provided on the disk body 14. The disc body 14 includes a disc-shaped support plate 23 located at the bottom, which is made of high-strength aluminum alloy to reduce rotational inertia. The disc-shaped support plate 23 is connected to the central tube 19 through a tapered tube 24 in the middle. The tapered tube 24 is conical with a larger diameter at the lower end and a smaller diameter at the upper end, and has circumferentially distributed diversion channels inside. A circumferential toothed row 25 is provided on the periphery of the connection section between the tapered tube 24 and the disc-shaped support plate 23, which meshes with the second gear 22b of the reciprocating drive assembly 13. When the first motor 16 drives the second gear 22b to rotate, the circumferential toothed row 25 drives the entire disc body 14 to reciprocate around the axis of the central tube 19. The upper surface of the disc-shaped support plate 23 is provided with a circular convex rail 26 that coincides with the axis of the central tube 19. The circular convex rail 26 includes a sliding section 27 and a fixed section 28. The sliding section 27 occupies 1 / 5 of the entire circumference (corresponding to a central angle of 72°), and the fixed section 28 occupies 4 / 5 (corresponding to a central angle of 288°). When the disc body 14 rotates circumferentially, the sliding section 27 of the circular convex rail 26 is matched and set in the arc-shaped groove 29 on the lower surface of the lower flange plate 21 of the reciprocating drive assembly to achieve smooth guidance.

[0032] like Figure 5 As shown, a plurality of through holes 30 (e.g., 6 to 9) are evenly provided on the disc-shaped support plate 23 below the fixing section 28 of the circular convex rail. The fixing section 28 of the circular convex rail 26 spans over the through holes 30, neither obstructing the through holes nor hindering the installation of the spray head. The present invention also provides as follows Figure 4 The spray unit 31 shown includes several spray heads 32, which are matched and installed on the fixed section 28 above the through hole 30.

[0033] like Figure 6As shown, each spray head 32 is connected to a flexible tube 33. The inlet end of each flexible tube 33 is circumferentially connected to a tapered tube 24 in the middle of the disc-shaped support plate 23, specifically connected to the outlet of the diversion channel inside the tapered tube 24. The spray unit 31 also includes a pre-pressure chamber 34, which is fixed to the housing of the first motor 16 and does not rotate with the disc body 14. The lower outlet of the pre-pressure chamber 34 forms a rotary dynamic seal connection with the upper end of the central tube 19, allowing the central tube 19 to maintain a water seal during rotation and rotation. The input end of the water pump 35 is connected to the water storage chamber 37 of the movable housing 11 through a telescopic bend 36, and the output end of the water pump 35 is connected to the input port of the pre-pressure chamber 34. This constitutes a complete system as shown in the diagram. Figure 7 The water supply path shown consists of, in sequence, a water storage chamber 37, a retractable bend 36, a water pump 35, a pre-pressurization chamber 34, a central pipe 19, a tapering pipe 24, a flexible pipe 33, and a shower head 32.

[0034] Before cutting begins, the operator lays the natural stone slab to be cut (e.g., 30mm thick marble or 20mm thick granite) flat on the support roller 3. Driven by the motors of the first moving unit 6 and the second moving unit 7, the first moving unit 6 moves along the slide rail 9 and the second moving unit 7 moves along the drive assembly 10, aligning the disc laser head 8 with the cutting starting point. Simultaneously, the Z-axis drive element of the sliding assembly 12 actuates, causing the laser head 15 to descend to a suitable working distance (typically 25-35mm). Then, the water pump 35 is activated, and the cooling water in the water storage chamber 37 is pressurized to 0.4-0.5MPa by the water pump 35 through the retractable bend 36 and sent into the pre-pressure chamber 34. The pre-compression chamber 34 serves to stabilize pressure and buffer the flow. Water enters the central pipe 19 through the dynamic sealing interface, flows down the central pipe 19 to the upper inner cavity of the tapered pipe 24, and is divided into multiple independent diversion channels inside the tapered pipe 24. Finally, it is atomized and sprayed out from the spray head 32 through the flexible pipe 33, forming a fan-shaped water curtain covering the cutting area. Pre-spraying can be performed in the initial stage to moisten the stone surface and reduce initial cutting dust.

[0035] Next, the laser generator is activated, and the laser head 15 emits a laser beam downward along the central axis of the disk 14. The laser power is set according to the type of stone, for example, 800-1000W for marble and 1000-1300W for granite. Simultaneously, the first motor 16 of the reciprocating drive assembly 13 is activated. The first motor 16 rotates alternately in both forward and reverse directions according to preset rotation parameters (e.g., frequency 0.5-1Hz, swing angle ±25-±35°). The main shaft of the first motor 16 drives the first gear 22a, which in turn drives the second gear 22b. The second gear 22b meshes with the circumferential gear row 25 on the disk 14, causing the entire disk 14 to reciprocate around the axis of the central tube 19. Since the laser head 15 is fixedly mounted on the central axis of the disk 14, the laser beam rotates synchronously with the disk 14, forming a micro-sweep cutting in the forward direction. This rotational cutting allows the laser energy to be periodically distributed along the cutting line, avoiding heat accumulation at a single point for a long time, thereby significantly reducing the risk of microcracks induced by thermal gradient. For carbonate stones such as marble, it can effectively prevent thermal decomposition and discoloration; for high quartz content stones such as granite, it can reduce the microcrack network induced by thermal stress.

[0036] During the reciprocating rotation of the disc 14, all the spray heads 32 fixed on the disc 14 also rotate together with the disc 14. Although the spray heads 32 are only installed within the 72° sector area corresponding to the fixed section 28, because the disc 14 reciprocates within a range of ±35°, this sector area sweeps left and right, causing the spray water coverage area to form a dynamic, periodically changing annular band. When the disc 14 turns to one side, the spray head 32 sprays water precisely towards that side, and the water mist just covers the edge of the side being laser-cut; when the disc 14 rotates in the opposite direction, the spray head 32 sweeps to the other side. Because the rotation frequency and the cutting speed are well matched, the spray water always forms a dynamic annular coverage area with the laser beam as the central axis, and the spray direction is synchronized with the rotation direction of the laser head, realizing a working mode of simultaneous rotating cutting and following annular spraying.

[0037] The advantages of this working mode are as follows: the fine water droplets from the follow-up spray absorb the heat generated by laser heating and vaporize in a very short time, controlling the temperature of the cutting area below the thermal decomposition temperature of the stone, effectively inhibiting the propagation of thermal cracks. The dynamic annular water mist can promptly capture flying quartz dust, causing it to settle and be discharged through waste collection channel 4, reducing the dust concentration to 5%–8% of that of traditional methods. Because the spray range is precisely matched with the cutting area, the water consumption per unit area of ​​stone is only 40%–50% of that of traditional wet cutting. At the same time, due to the improved cooling efficiency, the required laser power can be reduced by 15%–20%, achieving significant energy-saving effects. Rotary cutting combined with follow-up spraying improves the discharge of molten material in the cut, especially for stones with a thickness ≥20mm, significantly reducing slag on the back of the cut, resulting in a uniform cut width and no edge chipping.

[0038] Throughout the cutting process, waste blocks separated from the stone and slurry carrying dust fall below through the waste collection channel 4. After the cutting path is completed, the laser is first turned off, the first motor 16 is stopped, and after a few seconds of delay after rotation stops, the water pump 35 is turned off to allow residual water to continue cooling the cut and removing residual dust. Then, the first moving unit 6 and the second moving unit 7 are reset to their original positions, the sliding component 12 is raised, and the cut stone product is removed.

[0039] In this invention, the arc length ratio of the sliding section 27 to the fixed section 28 of the circular convex rail 26 is designed to be 1:4. The sliding section 27 occupies 72° of the circumference, forming a continuous and stable sliding guide with the arc-shaped groove 29 of the lower flange plate 21, ensuring that the axis of the disc 14 does not deviate during reciprocating rotation. The fixed section 28 occupies 288° of the circumference. This area does not participate in sliding, thus allowing for the opening of through holes 30 and the centralized installation of multiple spray heads 32. When the disc 14 rotates within a range of ±35°, most of the area of ​​the fixed section 28 remains outside the arc-shaped groove 29, avoiding motion interference and ensuring reliable fixation of the spray heads and flexibility of the water supply pipeline. This ratio has been optimized for stone processing conditions, ensuring both the stability of the rotational guide and maximizing the arrangement space for the spray heads.

[0040] In summary, this invention organically integrates the first moving unit, the second moving unit, and the disc-type laser head into a single integrated cutting unit. This combines the reciprocating rotation cutting of the laser head with the follow-up annular spraying of the spraying unit, all driven by the same motor, forming a strongly coupled working mode of simultaneous rotational cutting and synchronous follow-up spraying. This combined mechanism specifically addresses multiple problems in the prior art, including thermal damage and discoloration, high energy consumption, and dust and water consumption. Rotational cutting ensures periodic distribution of laser energy, avoiding heat concentration. The synchronously rotating spray dynamically and directionally cools the cutting edge, effectively suppressing thermal cracking and thermal decomposition discoloration of carbonate stone. Precise spatiotemporal matching between the spraying and laser focus significantly improves cooling efficiency, resulting in a substantial reduction in the laser power required for the same cutting capacity, achieving inherent energy savings. The follow-up annular water mist precisely envelops the dust-generating area, efficiently settling fine dust. The spraying range precisely overlaps with the cutting area, avoiding ineffective spraying and significantly reducing water consumption. Non-contact thermal processing eliminates edge and corner chipping at its source and eliminates the need for frequent saw blade replacements, completely resolving the inherent defects of mechanical cutting.

[0041] The above embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the examples given above. Any changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention are also within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A special equipment for laser cutting of building materials, comprising a base and a support frame on the base, wherein a plurality of support rollers are arranged at intervals along the length direction on the support frame, and a waste collection channel is provided between adjacent support rollers on the base, characterized in that, It also includes an integrated cutting unit; The integrated cutting unit includes: A first moving unit is provided across the support frame and is movably provided on a slide rail of the support frame along the X-axis. The first moving unit has a drive assembly provided along the Y-axis. The second moving unit is movably mounted on the first moving unit along the Y-axis by a driving component. The second moving unit includes a movable housing, and a sliding component along the Z-axis is provided on the side of the movable housing near the support shaft roller. A disk-type laser head is connected to a sliding assembly of the second moving unit, including a reciprocating drive assembly connected to the sliding assembly. The reciprocating drive assembly is circumferentially engaged with the disk body, and the laser head is mounted along the central axis of the disk body. The disk body includes a disk-shaped support plate located at the bottom. The disk-shaped support plate is connected to the central tube at the top through a tapering tube in the middle. A circumferential toothed row is provided around the connecting section between the tapering tube and the disk-shaped support plate. The circumferential toothed row meshes with the second gear of the reciprocating drive assembly. The upper surface of the disc-shaped support plate is provided with a circular convex rail that coincides with the axis of the central tube. The circular convex rail includes a sliding section and a fixed section. When the disc-shaped support plate rotates circumferentially, the sliding section of the circular convex rail is matched and set in the arc-shaped groove on the lower surface of the lower flange plate of the reciprocating drive assembly. Several through holes are evenly opened on the disc-shaped support plate below the fixed section of the circular convex rail, and the fixed section of the circular convex rail spans across the top of the through holes. It also includes a spray unit; The spray unit includes: Several spray heads are installed one by one on the fixed section above the through hole; Flexible tubes are connected to each spray head, and the inlet ends of each flexible tube are circumferentially connected to the tapering tubes of the disc-shaped support plate. The pre-compression chamber is fixed to the housing of the first motor, and its lower outlet is dynamically sealed to the central tube. The water pump has its input end connected to the water storage chamber of the movable tank through a retractable elbow, and its output end connected to the pre-pressurization chamber. The ratio of the arc length of the sliding section to the arc length of the fixed section of the circular convex rail is 1:

4.

2. The energy-saving laser cutting equipment for building materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reciprocating drive component includes: A first motor is connected to the sliding assembly; The connecting arm is fixedly connected to the first motor at one end and connected to the central tube extending upward from the disc body via a rotating sleeve at the other end. The upper flange plate is fixed to the end wall of the first motor; The lower flange plate is located above the disc body; The gear set includes a first gear and a second gear meshing between the upper flange plate and the lower flange plate. The first gear is connected to the main shaft of the first motor, and the second gear meshes with the disc body.

3. The energy-saving laser cutting equipment for building materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first moving unit includes a gantry-type moving beam spanning the support frame. At the bottom of both ends of the gantry-type moving beam, X-axis sliders that slide in cooperation with the slide rails of the support frame are respectively fixed. An X-axis drive motor and an X-axis transmission screw arranged along the X-axis are also fixed on the first moving unit. The X-axis transmission screw cooperates with the screw nut seat on the support frame to drive the first moving unit as a whole to reciprocate along the X-axis.

4. The energy-saving laser cutting equipment for building materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The driving assembly of the second moving unit includes a Y-axis guide rail, a Y-axis lead screw, and a Y-axis drive motor fixed along the Y-axis to the first moving unit. The back of the movable housing is fixed with a Y-axis lead screw nut that meshes with the Y-axis lead screw and a Y-axis slider that cooperates with the Y-axis guide rail.

5. The energy-saving laser cutting equipment for building materials according to claim 4, characterized in that, The movable housing is provided with a Z-axis slide rail and a Z-axis slider arranged along the Z-axis on the side near the support shaft roller. The reciprocating drive assembly of the disc laser head is fixedly connected to the Z-axis slider, and a Z-axis drive element is provided on the movable housing to control the lifting position of the laser head along the Z-axis.

6. The working method of the energy-saving building material laser cutting processing equipment as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: Step 1: Lay the energy-saving building material to be cut flat on the support roller, and adjust the positions of the first and second moving units so that the disc laser head is aligned with the cutting starting point. Step 2: Start the water pump. The cooling water in the water storage chamber enters the pre-pressurization chamber through the telescopic bend, and then passes through the central pipe, the tapering pipe and the flexible pipe connected by the dynamic seal. Finally, it is sprayed outward in a ring shape from multiple spray heads installed on the fixed section of the disc-shaped support plate. Step 3: Start the laser of the disc laser head so that the laser head emits a laser beam downward along the central axis of the disc. At the same time, start the first motor of the reciprocating drive assembly. The reciprocating drive assembly drives the disc to reciprocate around its central axis through the gear set. The laser head rotates synchronously with the disc to achieve rotary cutting of building materials. Step 4: During the reciprocating rotation of the disc, all the spray heads fixed on the disc rotate together with the disc, so that the spray water always covers the laser beam in a dynamic ring shape, and the direction of the rotating spray is synchronized with the direction of the rotation of the laser head. While rotating and cutting, the dynamic ring spray is used for cooling and dust removal. Step 5: The waste debris generated during cutting is discharged through the waste collection channel. After cutting is completed, the laser, the first motor and the water pump are turned off in sequence, and the first moving unit and the second moving unit are reset.

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