An enhanced anaerobic ammonia oxidation denitrification system and method

Abstract

This application relates to the field of wastewater treatment technology, and in particular to an enhanced anaerobic ammonia oxidation denitrification system and method. The system includes a shell, within which an aerobic zone, a transition zone, and an anaerobic zone are sequentially arranged along the wastewater flow direction. The aerobic zone contains a first conductive packing material and an aeration pipeline; the transition zone contains a second conductive packing material; and the anaerobic zone contains a third conductive packing material. The autotrophic denitrification system constructed in this application overcomes the core bottlenecks of conventional technologies, such as weak shock resistance, poor low-load activity, and easy microbial imbalance. It is suitable for application scenarios with large fluctuations in wastewater from public toilets in highway service areas. Simultaneously, it can dynamically adjust the utilization rate of the packing material in the aerobic reaction zone, thereby reducing aeration energy consumption and costs. Combined with the characteristic of the first capsule to undergo slight elastic deformation with water flow pressure, it effectively eliminates turbulence at the inlet of the aerobic reaction zone, stabilizing the flow pattern, reducing fluidization impact and wear of the packing material, stabilizing the biofilm, and lowering the system's operation and maintenance costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of wastewater treatment technology, and in particular to an enhanced anaerobic ammonia oxidation denitrification treatment system and method. Background Technology

[0002] Anammox technology uses AnAOB as the core functional bacteria, and produces ammonia (NH4+) under anaerobic conditions. + ) is an electron donor, nitrite (NO2) - It acts as an electron acceptor, directly generating nitrogen (N2), and has advantages such as no need for oxygen supply, no need for external carbon source, and low sludge production.

[0003] When using conventional anaerobic ammonia oxidation technology to treat sewage from public toilets in highway service areas, the sewage from these toilets is usually far from the municipal pipe network, and its volume and quality fluctuate significantly with traffic flow and seasons. It is characterized by large fluctuations in water volume and low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, which can easily lead to a decrease or failure of the activity of bacteria on the packing material during the sewage treatment process, thus increasing the operation and maintenance costs of the sewage treatment system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides an enhanced anaerobic ammonia oxidation denitrification treatment system and method, which can at least solve the problem of high operation and maintenance costs of sewage from public toilets in highway service areas.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides an anaerobic ammonia oxidation denitrification enhanced treatment system, comprising a shell, wherein an aerobic zone, a transition zone, and an anaerobic zone are sequentially arranged within the shell along the wastewater flow direction. The aerobic zone includes at least two parallel aerobic reaction zones, each containing a first conductive packing material and an aeration pipe located below the first conductive packing material. The inlet end of the aerobic reaction zone is provided with multiple interconnected first channel pipes, arranged parallel to each other. Each first channel pipe is fitted with a first capsule, which communicates with the interior of the respective first channel pipe. The system also... The system includes a first flow guide branch, which is configured one-to-one with the aerobic reaction zone. One end of the first flow guide branch is connected to a first channel pipe, and the other end is used to connect to a pressure source. The transition zone is equipped with a second conductive packing material, and the anaerobic zone is equipped with a third conductive packing material. The shell is also equipped with an inlet and an outlet. The inlet is connected to the aerobic zone, and the outlet is connected to the anaerobic zone. The first conductive packing material is equipped with nitrifying bacteria, the second conductive packing material is equipped with anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria, electroactive bacteria, and denitrifying bacteria, and the third conductive packing material is equipped with anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria and denitrifying bacteria.

[0006] Secondly, this application provides a wastewater treatment method based on the aforementioned anaerobic ammonia oxidation denitrification enhanced treatment system.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in this application can achieve the following beneficial effects: This application utilizes a first, second, and third conductive packing material to construct an autotrophic denitrification system within the shell, enhancing interspecies electron transfer coupling through conductive media. Inheriting the advantages of anaerobic ammonia oxidation autotrophic denitrification, it overcomes the core bottlenecks of conventional technologies, such as weak shock resistance, poor low-load activity, and easy bacterial imbalance. It is suitable for application scenarios with large fluctuations in wastewater from public toilets in highway service areas. Simultaneously, by controlling the expansion zone of the first capsule, the aerobic reaction zone's packing utilization rate is dynamically adjusted, thereby reducing aeration energy consumption and costs. Furthermore, the first capsule, in its full / semi-full state, exhibits the characteristic of undergoing slight elastic deformation with water flow pressure, effectively eliminating turbulence at the inlet of the aerobic reaction zone, stabilizing the flow, reducing packing fluidization impact and wear, stabilizing the biofilm, ensuring the activity of IET functional bacteria, improving system stability, and effectively reducing system operation and maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0008] The accompanying drawings, which are provided to further illustrate this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of this application and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application.

[0009] In the attached diagram: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation denitrification enhancement treatment system disclosed in the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 This is a front view of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation denitrification enhancement treatment system disclosed in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation denitrification enhanced treatment system (with the first and second capsules completely collapsed) disclosed in the embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is a side view of the internal structure of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation denitrification enhancement treatment system disclosed in the embodiments of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation denitrification enhancement treatment system (with the first and second capsules partially collapsed) disclosed in the embodiments of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the baffle plate disclosed in the embodiments of this application.

[0010] In the diagram, 10 is the shell; 101 is the inlet; 102 is the outlet; 103 is the exhaust pipe; 100 is the aerobic zone; 110 is the aerobic reaction zone; 120 is the first conductive packing; 130 is the first channel pipe; 140 is the first capsule; 150 is the aeration pipe; 200 is the transition zone; 220 is the second conductive packing; 300 is the anaerobic zone; 310 is the anaerobic reaction zone; 320 is the third conductive packing; 330 is the second channel pipe; 340 is the second capsule; 410 is the first flow guide branch; 411 is the second detection unit; 420 is the second flow guide branch; 430 is the first bypass pipe; 431 is the second control valve; 440 is the second bypass pipe; 441 is the third control valve; 500 is the pressure source; 600 is the baffle plate; and 610 is the first gas collection tank. Detailed Implementation

[0011] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and corresponding drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0012] In related technologies, for wastewater from public toilets in highway service areas, there are two main challenges. First, highway service areas face shortages of manpower and financial resources for operation and maintenance. Second, because wastewater from public toilets in highway service areas is usually far from municipal pipe networks, and its volume and quality exhibit significant spatial and temporal fluctuations with traffic flow and seasons, it is characterized by large volume fluctuations. Furthermore, the larger the volume, the lower the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, and the smaller the volume, the lower the nitrogen content. This results in a significant decrease in the metabolic activity of AnAOB (Anoxic Ammonia Oxidation) bacteria in conventional anaerobic ammonia oxidation wastewater treatment systems under conditions of low volume and low nitrogen load during off-peak hours. The total nitrogen removal rate can drop below 70%, and prolonged starvation may lead to a reduction in the abundance of functional bacteria and difficulty in restoring their activity. Conversely, high free ammonia and high hydraulic load during peak periods can easily cause system collapse, with long recovery periods. Therefore, conventional anaerobic ammonia oxidation wastewater treatment systems for treating wastewater from public toilets in highway service areas suffer from poor bacterial activity under low loads and weak shock resistance under high loads, increasing the operation and maintenance costs of such systems.

[0013] Therefore, this application provides an enhanced anaerobic ammonia oxidation denitrification system and method. On the one hand, it utilizes a first, second, and third conductive packing material to construct an autotrophic denitrification system within the shell, enhancing interspecies electron transfer (IET) coupling through conductive media. This system inherits the advantages of autotrophic denitrification through anaerobic ammonia oxidation and overcomes the core bottlenecks of conventional technologies, such as weak shock resistance, poor activity under low loads, and easy bacterial imbalance, by introducing conductive media. This makes it suitable for application scenarios with large fluctuations in sewage from public toilets in highway service areas. On the other hand, it controls the aerobic reaction zone through expansion partitioning of the first capsule, dynamically adjusting the packing material utilization rate in the aerobic reaction zone to reduce aeration energy consumption and costs. Simultaneously, it utilizes the characteristic of the first capsule in its fully / semi-fully filled state to generate slight elastic deformation with water flow pressure, effectively eliminating turbulence at the inlet of the aerobic reaction zone, stabilizing the flow, reducing fluidization impact and wear of the packing material, stabilizing the biofilm, ensuring the activity of IET functional bacteria, and improving system stability, thereby further reducing system operation and maintenance costs. Specific examples are described below. Example 1

[0014] This embodiment provides an enhanced anaerobic ammonia oxidation denitrification treatment system, such as Figures 1-5 As shown, the system includes a shell 10. Within the shell 10, an aerobic zone 100, a transition zone 200, and an anaerobic zone 300 are sequentially arranged along the wastewater flow direction. The aerobic zone 100 includes at least two parallel aerobic reaction zones 110. Each aerobic reaction zone 110 contains a first conductive packing material 120 and an aeration pipe 150, with the aeration pipe 150 located below the first conductive packing material 120. The inlet end of each aerobic reaction zone 110 is provided with multiple interconnected first channel pipes 130, arranged parallel to each other. Each first channel pipe 130 is fitted with a first capsule 140, which is connected to the interior of the first channel pipe 130. The system further includes a first flow guide branch 410, which is configured one-to-one with the aerobic reaction zone 110. One end of the first flow guide branch 410 is connected to the first channel pipe 130, preferably the first channel pipes 130 within the same aerobic reaction zone 110 are interconnected. The other end of the first flow guide branch 410 is used to connect to the pressure source 500. The transition zone 200 is provided with a second conductive packing 220, and the anaerobic zone 300 is provided with a third conductive packing 320. The shell 10 is also provided with an inlet 101 and an outlet 102. The inlet 101 is connected to the aerobic zone 100, and the outlet 102 is connected to the anaerobic zone 300.

[0015] For the first conductive packing 120, the second conductive packing 220, and the third conductive packing 320, graphene, modified biochar, or polyurethane composite lightweight conductive packings can be selected. Nitrifying bacteria (AOB) are mainly propagated on the first conductive packing 120, anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB), electroactive bacteria (EAB), and denitrifying bacteria (DNB) are mainly propagated on the second conductive packing 220, and anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) and denitrifying bacteria (DNB) are mainly propagated on the third conductive packing 320. An autotrophic denitrification system with enhanced interspecific electron transport (IET) coupling is constructed within the shell 10 using the first conductive packing 120, the second conductive packing 220, and the third conductive packing 320. Coupled autotrophic denitrification technology is an enhanced process of anaerobic ammonia oxidation technology, belonging to a branch of intracellular-extracellular electron coupling low-carbon denitrification technology. Its core relies on conductive biological carrier packing to build a "bioconductive network" for electron transfer among bacterial communities, achieving chain-like electron transfer among nitrifying bacteria, electroactive bacteria, anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria, and denitrifying bacteria. The entire process requires little to no external organic carbon source. Extracellular electrons are directionally delivered through the packing, while the intracellular respiratory chain synchronously completes energy synthesis and denitrification enzyme activation, forming a closed-loop denitrification system with synergistic aerobic-anaerobic micro-regions and directional electron distribution. When applied to wastewater treatment in public restrooms in service areas, it can effectively reduce aeration energy consumption and carbon source addition costs, improve the autotrophic denitrification performance of wastewater treatment equipment, and lower wastewater treatment costs. Furthermore, it is particularly effective during peak periods of pedestrian traffic in service areas. At this time, the first capsules 140 of all aerobic reaction zones 110 can be controlled to be in a collapsed state. Preferably, the collapsed state corresponds to the first capsules 140 being in a 1 / 5 to 1 / 2 full state, allowing all aerobic reaction zones 110 to participate in wastewater treatment, in order to cope with wastewater quality with high flow rate, low carbon-nitrogen ratio, and high nitrogen content during peak and valley periods. At the same time, the collapsed first capsules 140 have the characteristic of being able to undergo slight elastic deformation with water flow pressure, effectively eliminating turbulence at the inlet of the aerobic reaction zone 110, stabilizing the flow pattern, reducing fluidization impact and wear of the packing, stabilizing the biofilm, ensuring the activity of IET functional bacteria, improving the system's operational stability, extending the maintenance cycle of the first conductive packing 120, reducing maintenance frequency, and thus reducing the system's operation and maintenance costs; while When the service area is in a low-traffic period, the first capsules 140 of a portion of the aerobic reaction zone 110 can be kept in a deflated state, while the first capsules 140 of another portion of the aerobic reaction zone 110 can be kept in a full state. This allows the aerobic reaction zone 110 with the first capsules 140 in a deflated state to participate in the treatment of sewage, while the aerobic reaction zone 110 with the first capsules 140 in a full state is temporarily stored in the water (corresponding to no aeration or minimal aeration). This reduces aeration energy consumption and ensures that the temporarily stored first conductive packing 120 maintains its activity, reducing the problem of bacterial inactivation on the temporarily stored first conductive packing 120. This effectively addresses the situation of low sewage treatment volume in public toilets during low-traffic periods in service areas, improves the flexibility of system application, and reduces system operation and maintenance costs.

[0016] It should be noted that the pressure source 500 can be a combination of a high-pressure tank and a pressure relief pipe, or it can be a pump; no specific limitation is made here.

[0017] Specifically, the first capsule 140 includes a filled state. In some embodiments, in the filled state, two adjacent first capsules 140 abut against each other to prevent sewage from entering the corresponding aerobic reaction zone 110, thus temporarily storing the first conductive packing material 120 in that part of the aerobic reaction zone 110 during low-temperature periods. In other embodiments, in the filled state, there is a first preset gap between two adjacent first capsules 140, allowing sewage to flow through the first preset gap into the temporarily stored aerobic reaction zone 110. On the one hand, this reduces the installation difficulty of the first capsules 140 and the first channel pipe 130. On the other hand, the first preset gap allows a small amount of flow to be formed in the temporarily stored aerobic reaction zone 110, providing continuous substrate supply, slight fluidization kinetics, and a stable microenvironment. This avoids the preservation problems of packing material stagnation and clumping, bacterial inactivation, and impurity accumulation in a completely closed mode, achieving energy-free, maintenance-free, and highly active temporary storage of the first conductive packing material 120, thereby further reducing system operation and maintenance costs and improving system ease of use.

[0018] In some embodiments, a first conductive member may be provided inside the housing 10, the first conductive member passing through the baffle 600 between the aerobic zone 100 and the transition zone 200, so that the first conductive packing 120 is connected to the second conductive packing 220 through the first conductive member, thereby promoting electron transfer between the first conductive packing 120 and the second conductive packing 220.

[0019] In some embodiments, a second conductive member may be disposed within the housing 10. This second conductive member passes through a baffle 600 between the anaerobic zone 300 and the transition zone 200, allowing the second conductive packing 220 to be connected to the third conductive packing 320 via the second conductive member, thereby facilitating electron transfer between the second and third conductive packings. The first and second conductive members are existing technologies; specifically, graphite rods or carbon felt current collectors can be used as conductive members, which will not be elaborated upon here.

[0020] In some embodiments, to achieve refined control of aeration energy consumption and further reduce aeration energy consumption, a first detection unit can be installed at the inlet 101. The first detection unit is used to detect the wastewater flow rate and water quality data, including nitrogen content. The system also includes a control module, with the aeration pipeline 150 and the first detection unit respectively connected to the control module. The control module is configured to determine the aeration rate of the aeration pipeline 150 based on the detection signal data from the first detection unit, and adjust the operating state of the aeration pipeline 150 accordingly to achieve dynamic aeration control. In this way, the system can adjust the aeration intensity in real time according to the actual influent conditions, avoiding energy waste caused by over-aeration, while ensuring the activity and stability of the microbial community in the aerobic reaction zone 110. In addition, under low-load conditions, reducing the aeration rate can also reduce the scouring effect on the biofilm, further extending the service life of the packing material, thereby reducing the overall operation and maintenance costs.

[0021] In some embodiments, to achieve rapid control of the first capsule 140 in the aerobic reaction zone 110 and to dynamically regulate it in response to wastewater fluctuations, a first control valve can be installed on the first diversion branch 410. The first control valve is connected to a control module, which is configured to determine the opening and closing state of the first control valve based on the detection signal data from the first detection unit, thereby regulating the expansion state of the first capsule 140 and flexibly adjusting the operating mode of the aerobic reaction zone 110. When an increase in wastewater volume or nitrogen load is detected, the control module opens the corresponding first control valve to connect to the pressure source 500, causing the pressure source 500 to operate and cause the first capsule 140 to be in a deflated state, allowing more aerobic reaction zones 110 to participate in treatment. During periods of low water levels, the corresponding first control valve is opened to connect to the pressure source 500, causing the pressure source 500 to operate and inflate the corresponding first capsule 140, reducing the number of aerobic reaction zones 110 participating in treatment and achieving energy saving and consumption reduction. This intelligent regulation method not only improves the system's adaptability but also significantly optimizes resource utilization efficiency.

[0022] In some embodiments, to achieve more flexible dynamic control in response to fluctuations in sewage levels in public toilets in service areas, the anaerobic zone 300 may include at least two parallel anaerobic reaction zones 310. A third conductive packing material 320 is disposed within each anaerobic reaction zone 310. Multiple interconnected second channel pipes 330 are disposed at the inlet end of each anaerobic reaction zone 310, arranged parallel to each other. A second capsule 340 is fitted over each second channel pipe 330, and the second capsule 340 communicates with the interior of the second channel pipe 330. The system also includes a second diversion branch 420, which is configured one-to-one with the anaerobic reaction zone 310. One end of the second diversion branch 420 is connected to the second channel pipe 330, and the other end is used to connect to the pressure source 500. The control module is further configured to determine the opening and closing state of the second diversion branch 420 based on the detection signal data of the first detection unit, so as to realize the expansion state regulation of the second capsule 340, thereby flexibly adjusting the operating mode of the anaerobic reaction zone 310. When the sewage volume is large and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is low, the control module increases the number of anaerobic reaction zones 310 participating in sewage treatment, so that the second capsule 340 corresponding to the newly added anaerobic reaction zone 310 is in a collapsed state, ensuring the stable operation of the system under high load conditions; while when the sewage volume is small or the carbon-nitrogen ratio is high, the number of anaerobic reaction zones 310 participating in sewage treatment is reduced, so that the second capsule 340 corresponding to the newly reduced anaerobic reaction zone 310 is filled, reducing the system's energy consumption and operating costs. In this way, the system can dynamically adjust the working status of the anaerobic reaction zone 310 according to the actual changes in water quality and quantity, thereby improving overall treatment efficiency and optimizing resource allocation.

[0023] Specifically, the second capsule 340 includes a full state and a deflated state. In some embodiments, in the full state, two adjacent second capsules 340 abut against each other to prevent sewage from entering the corresponding anaerobic reaction zone 310 and to temporarily store the third conductive packing material 320 in this part of the anaerobic reaction zone 310 during the trough period. In other embodiments, in the fully filled state, there is a second preset gap between two adjacent second capsules 340, allowing wastewater to flow through the anaerobic reaction zone 310 in the temporary storage state. This reduces the installation difficulty of the second capsules 340 and the second channel pipe 330. Furthermore, the second preset gap allows for a small flow within the anaerobic reaction zone 310 in the temporary storage state, providing continuous substrate replenishment, slight fluidization kinetics, and a stable microenvironment. This avoids the storage problems of static clumping, bacterial inactivation, and impurity accumulation in the third conductive packing material 320 under completely closed conditions, achieving energy-free, maintenance-free, and highly active temporary storage of the third conductive packing material 320. This further reduces system operation and maintenance costs and improves system usability. The collapsed state of the second capsules 340 corresponds to a state where the second capsules 340 are 1 / 5 to 1 / 2 full.

[0024] To further enhance the system's resistance to shocks and the stability of the biofilm, multiple baffles 600 can be installed within the shell 10. These baffles 600 are located between the aerobic zone 100 and the transition zone 200, and between the transition zone 200 and the anaerobic zone 300, respectively, to guide the water flow and form a uniformly distributed flow field. By rationally designing the shape and arrangement of the baffles 600, the hydraulic conditions inside the system can be significantly improved, reducing the occurrence of short-circuiting phenomena, while promoting sufficient contact between wastewater and conductive packing material, thereby improving denitrification efficiency. In addition, the presence of the baffles 600 also acts as a buffer, effectively dispersing the impact force of the water flow under high hydraulic load conditions, protecting the biofilm structure from damage, thereby extending the system's service life and reducing maintenance frequency.

[0025] In some embodiments, to facilitate accurate system control, the system may further include a second detection unit 411. The second detection unit 411 is connected to the control module and is used to detect the expansion state of the first bladder 140 and the second bladder 340. Specifically, the expansion state of the first bladder 140 and the second bladder 340 can be detected by detecting the pressure and gas flow rate of the first bladder 140 and the second bladder 340. The first detection unit is existing technology and may be an integration of a flow meter and a spectrometer. The flow meter is used to detect water flow rate, and the spectrometer is used to detect water quality data including nitrogen content such as ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen in the aquatic environment. The second detection unit 411 is also existing technology and may be an integration of a pressure gauge and a flow meter. The pressure gauge is used to detect the pressure of the first bladder 140 and the second bladder 340, and the flow meter is used to detect the gas flow rate of the first bladder 140 and the second bladder 340.

[0026] In some embodiments, to reduce energy consumption, the first diversion branches 410 can be connected by a first bypass pipe 430. A second control valve 431 is installed on the first bypass pipe 430. When it is necessary to increase the number of aerobic reaction zones 110 participating in wastewater treatment, the second control valve 431 between the newly added aerobic reaction zone 110 corresponding to the first diversion branch 410 and the already operational aerobic reaction zone 110 corresponding to the first diversion branch 410 is opened. This allows the air pressure in the first capsule 140 of the newly added aerobic reaction zone 110 to be evenly distributed into the first capsule 140 of the already operational aerobic reaction zone 110, allowing the newly added first... The capsule 140 can quickly collapse into a deflated state via the first bypass pipe 430 without external pressure control, reducing control energy consumption. This, combined with the disturbance of the first capsule 140 caused by the sewage flow, allows all first capsules 140 involved in sewage treatment to quickly and adaptively adjust to the same pressure state. The suppression of sewage turbulence is also adaptively adjusted, achieving dynamic control and rapid response with low energy consumption. This avoids differences in sewage treatment effects between the aerobic reaction zones 110 due to inconsistent filling states between newly added and previously operating first capsules 140, effectively improving energy efficiency, control response sensitivity, and the stability of sewage treatment. Preferably, similarly, the second diversion branches 420 can be connected via a second bypass pipe 440, with a third control valve 441 installed on the second bypass pipe 440. This enables rapid regulation of the second capsules 340 corresponding to the anaerobic reaction zone 310, improving energy efficiency, control response sensitivity, and the stability of sewage treatment.

[0027] In some embodiments, to avoid air blockage in the aerobic reaction zone 110, a first air collection groove 610 can be provided on the top wall of the aerobic reaction zone 110; such as Figure 6As shown, the first gas collecting tank 610 can be set on the baffle plate 600 between the aerobic zone 100 and the transition zone 200. The first gas collecting tank 610 can be set one-to-one with the aerobic reaction zone 110. The shell 10 is provided with an exhaust pipe 103, which is connected to the first gas collecting tank 610. An automatic exhaust valve can be set on the exhaust pipe 103. The first gas collecting tank 610 collects the rising air bubbles in the aerobic reaction zone 110, and the exhaust pipe 103 discharges the gas outside the shell 10, so as to avoid increasing the water flow resistance due to air blockage and affecting the fluidization of the first conductive packing 120.

[0028] In some embodiments, to avoid air blockage in the transition zone 200, a second air collection trough can be provided on the top wall of the transition zone 200. The second air collection trough is connected to the exhaust pipe 103. The second air collection trough collects rising air bubbles in the transition zone 200, and the gas is discharged from the shell through the exhaust pipe 103, thus avoiding increased water flow resistance due to air blockage and affecting the fluidization of the second conductive packing. Preferably, the second air collection trough is provided on the baffle plate 600 between the transition zone 200 and the anaerobic zone 300.

[0029] In some embodiments, to improve the collection and discharge capacity of the first gas collecting tank 610 for bubbles in the aerobic reaction zone 110, the height of the first gas collecting tank 610 can be gradually increased along the direction of wastewater flow, so that the portion of the first gas collecting tank 610 near the outlet end of the aerobic reaction zone 110 has a larger volume, thereby collecting and discharging rising bubbles more efficiently. This design can effectively reduce the residence time of bubbles in the aerobic reaction zone 110, reduce local water flow turbulence caused by bubble aggregation, and further ensure the stability of the flow field in the aerobic reaction zone 110. In addition, by optimizing the height change curve of the first gas collecting tank 610, it can be matched with the dynamic characteristics of wastewater flow, improving gas discharge efficiency while avoiding additional disturbance to the biofilm, ensuring the smooth operation of the system.

[0030] In some embodiments, to further optimize the overall performance of the system, a return pipeline can be added between the inlet 101 and the outlet 102 of the housing 10. The return pipeline is equipped with a return pump and a flow regulating valve. By controlling the operating state of the return pump and the opening degree of the flow regulating valve, a portion of the treated water can be returned to the inlet 101, mixed with the raw water, and then reintroduced into the system for treatment. This method not only dilutes high-concentration influent and reduces the impact of system load fluctuations, but also improves the uniform distribution of substrates in the wastewater, providing more stable growth conditions for the microbial community, thereby enhancing denitrification efficiency and the system's resistance to shocks.

[0031] In some embodiments, to facilitate monitoring of the system's operating status and timely detection of potential problems, multiple sensor nodes can be installed within the housing 10. These sensor nodes are respectively arranged in the aerobic zone 100, the transition zone 200, and the anaerobic zone 300, and are used to collect key parameters such as dissolved oxygen concentration, pH value, temperature, and conductivity in each zone in real time. These sensor nodes are connected to the control module via a wireless communication module, uploading the collected data to the control module for analysis and processing. Based on this data, the control module can generate a system operating status report and determine whether there are any abnormalities, such as excessively high or low dissolved oxygen levels, or pH values ​​deviating from the appropriate range, according to a preset algorithm. Once an abnormality is detected, the control module will automatically trigger an alarm mechanism and adjust the operating status of relevant equipment to restore normal operating conditions, thereby achieving intelligent monitoring and fault early warning functions.

[0032] To extend the system's service life and reduce maintenance difficulty, a corrosion-resistant coating can be applied to the inner wall of the housing 10. This coating is composed of an epoxy resin substrate and nano-sized titanium dioxide particles. This coating not only possesses excellent acid and alkali resistance, resisting the erosion of chemicals in wastewater, but also exhibits a certain degree of self-cleaning ability, reducing the accumulation of dirt caused by impurities and excessive microbial growth. Furthermore, by introducing a micron-level rough structure on the coating surface, its anti-adhesion properties can be further enhanced, keeping the inner wall of the housing 10 clean for a long period, thereby reducing cleaning frequency and maintenance costs, and providing a reliable guarantee for the stable operation of the system. Example 2

[0033] This embodiment provides a wastewater treatment method based on the anaerobic ammonia oxidation denitrification enhanced treatment system in Embodiment 1. During operation, wastewater from public toilets in the service area is introduced into the inlet 101 of the shell 10. After entering the shell 10 through the inlet 101, the wastewater first passes through a first detection unit to detect water quantity and quality data. The control module dynamically adjusts the operating state of the aeration pipe 150 in the aerobic reaction zone 110, which participates in wastewater treatment, as well as the expansion state of the first capsule 140 and the second capsule 340, based on the detection results, to achieve precise control of the operating modes of the aerobic reaction zone 110 and the anaerobic reaction zone 310. Under high load conditions, the system increases the number of aerobic reaction zones 110 and anaerobic reaction zones 310 and increases the aeration intensity to ensure the activity and stability of the microbial community; while during off-peak periods, the number of reaction zones participating in treatment is reduced and the aeration rate is decreased, thereby achieving the purpose of energy saving and consumption reduction.

[0034] When wastewater flows through the aerobic reaction zone 110, the first conductive packing material 120 forms a fluidized state under aeration, promoting the degradation of organic matter and nitrogen conversion. At the same time, the first air collection tank 610 effectively collects rising air bubbles and discharges them through the exhaust pipe 103, avoiding air blockage and ensuring smooth water flow. Subsequently, the wastewater passes through the transition zone 200 and the anaerobic zone 300 in sequence. During this process, an autotrophic denitrification system is constructed within the shell 10 using the first conductive packing material 120, the second conductive packing material 220, and the third conductive packing material 320. This system enhances the interspecies electron transfer coupling through conductive media, enabling chain-like electron transfer among nitrifying bacteria, electroactive bacteria, anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, and denitrifying bacteria. This system is well-suited to the low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of wastewater from public toilets in service areas. No external organic carbon source is required. Extracellular electrons are delivered directionally through the packing material, while the intracellular respiratory chain synchronously completes energy synthesis and denitrification enzyme activation. This forms a closed-loop denitrification system with synergistic aerobic-anaerobic micro-zone distribution and directional electron allocation, effectively reducing aeration energy consumption and carbon source addition costs, improving the autotrophic denitrification performance of the wastewater treatment equipment, and lowering wastewater treatment costs.

[0035] To optimize system performance, a portion of the treated water can be reintroduced into inlet 101 via a return pipe, mixing with the raw water before re-entering the system. This design not only dilutes high-concentration influent and reduces the impact of load fluctuations but also improves substrate distribution uniformity, providing a more stable growth environment for microorganisms. Finally, the multi-stage treated wastewater is discharged from outlet 102, completing the entire denitrification enhancement process. The wastewater treatment method in this implementation is characterized by high efficiency, flexibility, and intelligence, and can be widely applied to the treatment needs of public toilet wastewater in service areas and other similar scenarios.

[0036] The above embodiments of this application focus on describing the differences between the various embodiments. As long as the different optimization features between the various embodiments are not contradictory, they can be combined to form a better embodiment. For the sake of brevity, they will not be described in detail here.

[0037] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. An enhanced anaerobic ammonia oxidation denitrification treatment system, characterized in that, The system includes a shell, within which an aerobic zone, a transition zone, and an anaerobic zone are sequentially arranged along the wastewater flow direction. The aerobic zone includes at least two parallel aerobic reaction zones, each containing a first conductive packing material and an aeration pipe located below the first conductive packing material. The inlet end of the aerobic reaction zone has multiple interconnected first channel pipes arranged parallel to each other. Each first channel pipe is fitted with a first capsule, which communicates with the interior of the respective first channel pipe. The system also includes a first guide branch. Each flow-guiding branch corresponds to one of the aerobic reaction zones. One end of the first flow-guiding branch is connected to the first channel pipe, and the other end of the first flow-guiding branch is used to connect to the pressure source. The transition zone is equipped with a second conductive packing material, and the anaerobic zone is equipped with a third conductive packing material. The shell is also equipped with an inlet and an outlet. The inlet is connected to the aerobic zone, and the outlet is connected to the anaerobic zone. The first conductive packing material is equipped with nitrifying bacteria, the second conductive packing material is equipped with anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria, electroactive bacteria, and denitrifying bacteria, and the third conductive packing material is equipped with anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria and denitrifying bacteria.

2. The anaerobic ammonia oxidation denitrification enhanced treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first capsule includes a filled state, in which two adjacent first capsules abut against each other or have a first preset gap.

3. The anaerobic ammonia oxidation denitrification enhanced treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inlet is equipped with a first detection unit, which is used to detect the wastewater quantity data and water quality data. The water quality data includes nitrogen content. The system also includes a control module. The aeration pipeline and the first detection unit are respectively connected to the control module. The control module is configured to determine the aeration rate of the aeration pipeline based on the detection signal data of the first detection unit.

4. The anaerobic ammonia oxidation denitrification enhanced treatment system according to claim 3, characterized in that, A first control valve is provided on the first diversion branch. The first control valve is connected to a control module. The control module is configured to determine the opening and closing state of the first control valve based on the detection signal data of the first detection unit, so as to realize the regulation of the expansion state of the first bladder.

5. The anaerobic ammonia oxidation denitrification enhanced treatment system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The anaerobic zone includes at least two anaerobic reaction zones arranged in parallel. A third conductive packing material is installed in each anaerobic reaction zone. Multiple interconnected second channel pipes are installed at the inlet end of each anaerobic reaction zone. The second channel pipes are arranged in parallel with each other. A second capsule is installed outside each second channel pipe. The second capsule is connected to the interior of the second channel pipe. The system also includes a second flow guide branch. The second flow guide branch is arranged one-to-one with the anaerobic reaction zone. One end of the second flow guide branch is connected to the second channel pipe, and the other end of the second flow guide branch is used to connect to a pressure source.

6. The anaerobic ammonia oxidation denitrification enhanced treatment system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The system also includes a second detection unit, which is connected to the control module. The second detection unit is used to detect the expansion state of the first cyst and the second cyst.

7. An anaerobic ammonia oxidation denitrification enhanced treatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The first diversion branches are connected by a first bypass pipeline, and a second control valve is installed on the first bypass pipeline; And / or, a first conductive member is provided inside the housing, the first conductive member passes through the baffle between the aerobic zone and the transition zone, and the first conductive packing is connected to the second conductive packing through the first conductive member; And / or, a second conductive member is provided inside the shell, the second conductive member passes through the baffle between the anaerobic zone and the transition zone, and the second conductive packing is connected to the third conductive packing through the second conductive member.

8. An anaerobic ammonia oxidation denitrification enhancement treatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The top wall of the aerobic reaction zone is provided with a first gas collection groove, and the shell is provided with an exhaust pipe, which is connected to the first gas collection groove.

9. The anaerobic ammonia oxidation denitrification enhanced treatment system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The height of the first gas collection tank gradually increases along the direction of sewage flow; And / or, the top wall of the transition zone is provided with a second gas collection groove, which is connected to the exhaust pipe.

10. A wastewater treatment method, characterized in that, The treatment is carried out using the anaerobic ammonia oxidation denitrification enhanced treatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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