High altitude emulsion explosive oil phase, emulsion explosive and preparation method thereof
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HENAN HUATONG CHEMICAL CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-02-10
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-16
AI Technical Summary
Existing emulsion explosives are difficult to pump or the emulsion film is unstable in high-altitude environments due to improper adjustment of oil phase viscosity and softening point, which affects their performance.
A composite membrane structure of "rigid polymer backbone + multi-site hydrophilic glycoside head" is formed by combining carbonate-based polymer emulsifier with glucamide-based surfactant, which optimizes the mechanical strength and self-healing ability of the interfacial membrane.
It significantly improves the stability and explosive performance of emulsion explosives in high-altitude environments, reduces the risk of phase separation and oil separation, and ensures the stability of density and microstructure.
Smart Images
Figure SMS_1 
Figure SMS_2 
Figure SMS_3
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of emulsion explosives technology, and more particularly to the oil phase for high-altitude emulsion explosives, emulsion explosives, and their preparation methods. Background Technology
[0002] Emulsion explosives are widely used in mining, hydropower, and transportation engineering blasting due to their advantages such as high safety, high loading efficiency, and low cost. Conventional emulsion explosives typically use aqueous solutions of inorganic oxidizers such as ammonium nitrate and sodium nitrate as the dispersed phase, and microcrystalline wax, paraffin wax, industrial petrolatum, and mineral oil as the continuous oil phase, combined with nonionic or composite emulsifiers to form an oil-in-water emulsion system. In low- to medium-altitude areas, existing emulsion explosive products can generally meet the requirements for transportation, storage, and detonation under normal temperature and pressure conditions, and the overall stability of the emulsion system is relatively reliable.
[0003] However, in high-altitude plateau and mountainous engineering projects, the ambient atmospheric pressure is significantly reduced, the diurnal temperature range is large, and the ambient temperature is consistently low or even below zero, gradually highlighting the adaptability issues of emulsion explosives. Existing technologies mostly follow the oil-phase formulations used in low- and medium-altitude regions, empirically adjusting the viscosity and softening point of the oil phase simply by increasing the content of microcrystalline wax and paraffin or increasing the proportion of base oil and thickening oil, in an attempt to improve the low-pressure resistance and low-temperature stability under high-altitude conditions. However, such simple adjustments often lead to two contradictions: firstly, when the proportion of waxes is too high, the oil phase becomes too hard and brittle at low temperatures, making pumping and loading difficult and prone to pipeline blockage; secondly, increasing the content of base oil or low-viscosity oil to ensure fluidity weakens the mechanical support of the emulsion film and the viscoelasticity of the system, making phase separation, oil precipitation, and instability more likely to occur under low-pressure environments and temperature cycling. Summary of the Invention
[0004] Based on the technical problems existing in the background technology, the present invention proposes an oil phase for high-altitude emulsion explosives, emulsion explosives and their preparation methods, which can maintain excellent stability in high-altitude environments.
[0005] The present invention proposes an oil phase for high-altitude emulsion explosives, comprising the following components by weight: 15-22 parts of 80# microcrystalline wax, 14-20 parts of 56# semi-refined paraffin wax, 2-5 parts of 1# industrial petrolatum, 3-7 parts of 46# base oil, 10-18 parts of 18# high viscosity oil, and 10-30 parts of composite emulsifier.
[0006] The composite emulsifier is composed of carbonate-based polymer emulsifier and glucosamide-based surfactant in a mass ratio of 3:1-9.
[0007] Preferably, the preparation method of the carbonate-based polymer emulsifier includes the following steps:
[0008] S11: S-1-dodecyl-S'-(a,a'-dimethyl-a''-acetic acid) trithiocarbonate, octadecyl methacrylate, isopropanol and azobisisobutyronitrile were polymerized under an inert atmosphere to obtain an intermediate product.
[0009] S12: An intermediate product, acrylic acid, 1,4-dioxane and azobisisobutyronitrile are reacted under an inert atmosphere to prepare a carbonate-based polymer emulsifier.
[0010] Preferably, the molar ratio of S-1-dodecyl-S'-(a,a'-dimethyl-a''-acetic acid) trithiocarbonate, octadecyl methacrylate, and azobisisobutyronitrile in S11 is 1:10-30:0.1-0.3; the reaction conditions are a temperature of 70-90℃ and a time of 4-8h.
[0011] Preferably, the molar ratio of intermediate product, acrylic acid, 1,4-dioxane and azobisisobutyronitrile in S12 is 1:20-40:0.05-0.15; the reaction conditions are a temperature of 70-90℃ and a time of 2-10h.
[0012] Preferably, the preparation method of the glucamide-based surfactant includes the following steps:
[0013] S21: Dissolve gluconolactone in N,N-dimethylformamide, and then add diethylenetriamine to react;
[0014] S22: Add alkyl epoxy polyether to the solution after the reaction of S21 and carry out the reaction;
[0015] S23: Lauroyl chloride and triethylamine are added to the solution after the reaction of S22 to react and obtain a glucosamide surfactant.
[0016] Preferably, the molar ratio of gluconolactone to diethylenetriamine in S21 is 1:1.1-1.5; the reaction conditions are a temperature of 85-95℃ and a time of 4-6h.
[0017] Preferably, S22 contains gluconolactone and alkyl epoxy polyether; the reaction conditions are a temperature of 85-95℃ and a time of 3-5h.
[0018] Preferably, the molar ratio of alkyl epoxy polyether, lauroyl chloride and triethylamine in S23 is 1-2:1:1-2; the reaction conditions are a temperature of 50-60℃ and a time of 3-5h.
[0019] The present invention proposes an emulsion matrix comprising the above-mentioned oil phase for high-altitude emulsion explosives.
[0020] The present invention proposes an emulsion explosive comprising the oil phase for high-altitude emulsion explosives as described above.
[0021] Beneficial technical effects of the present invention:
[0022] This invention introduces a composite emulsifier, composed of a carbonate-based polymer emulsifier and a glucosamide surfactant, into the conventional emulsion explosive oil phase system. This results in a composite film structure at the emulsion interface, constructed from a rigid polymer backbone and multi-site hydrophilic glycosidic head groups. Firstly, the carbonate-based polymer emulsifier itself possesses long-chain hydrophobic side chains and a carbonate backbone, enabling it to deeply anchor itself within the oil phase composed of 80# microcrystalline wax, 56# semi-refined paraffin wax, industrial petrolatum, and high-viscosity oil. This forms a "polymer shell" with a certain thickness and viscoelasticity at the water-oil interface, significantly improving the mechanical strength and shear resistance of the emulsion film. However, when this type of polymer emulsifier is used alone, the interfacial film is too "rigid." Under conditions of high altitude, low temperature, and low pressure, repeated expansion and contraction of the internal phase volume can easily lead to localized stress concentration, making it difficult for interfacial defects to self-repair in a timely manner, and resulting in insufficient long-term storage stability.
[0023] Secondly, the glucosamide surfactant molecule contains both highly hydrophilic groups such as polyhydroxy sugar groups and amide groups, as well as hydrophobic segments introduced through alkyl epoxy polyethers, lauroyl groups, etc. This allows it to form a dense hydrophilic layer with the inner phase on the aqueous side containing salts such as ammonium nitrate through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic association. Furthermore, it synergistically arranges with the hydrophobic segments of the polymeric emulsifier at the interface through hydrophobic interactions and chain entanglement. Compared to the situation where using small-molecule sugar-based surfactants alone only provides high interfacial activity but has limited film strength, the sugar-based surfactant in this invention plays a more significant role in "flexible filling" and "dynamic repair" of interfacial defects. On the one hand, it fills the micropores formed in the polymeric interfacial film due to crystallization and phase separation, improving the density of the interfacial film and inhibiting Oswald ripening and aggregation of inner phase droplets. On the other hand, it utilizes a multi-point hydrogen bond network to endow the interfacial film with a certain degree of reversible rearrangement capability. When pressure fluctuations, temperature cycles, and mechanical vibrations occur in high-altitude environments, the interfacial film can release stress through molecular-scale recombination without overall rupture.
[0024] Furthermore, the mass ratio of carbonate-based polymer emulsifier to glucosamide-based surfactant in this invention achieves an optimized gradient interface structure of "rigid skeleton - flexible repair layer - hydrophilic anchoring layer": when the polymer ratio is too low, the overall mechanical support of the interface film is insufficient, making it difficult to resist microbubble expansion and external shearing under high altitude and low pressure conditions; when the polymer ratio is too high, the interface is too rigid, the sugar base layer cannot be fully spread, and the interface self-healing ability decreases. This invention, through a specific ratio, enables the polymer emulsifier to provide a continuous oil phase embedded in the skeleton, and with the help of the sugar-based surfactant, establishes a high-density hydrophilic head base layer and hydrogen bond network on the aqueous phase side, forming a synergistic effect between the two: on the one hand, it significantly improves the viscoelastic modulus and fatigue resistance of the emulsion film, significantly reducing the risk of phase separation and oil separation during long-term storage at high altitudes; on the other hand, it effectively buffers the impact of internal phase dissolved gas precipitation and volume changes on the interface under low pressure conditions, maintaining the density and microstructure stability of the emulsion explosive, thereby improving the stability of the emulsion explosive under high altitude conditions. Detailed Implementation
[0025] The present invention will be further explained below with reference to specific embodiments.
[0026] The chemical structural formula of the carbonate-based polymer emulsifier of the present invention is as follows:
[0027]
[0028] The chemical structural formula of the glucosamide surfactant is as follows:
[0029]
[0030] Example 1
[0031] The present invention proposes an oil phase for high-altitude emulsion explosives, comprising the following components by weight: 18 parts of 80# microcrystalline wax, 17 parts of 56# semi-refined paraffin wax, 3 parts of 1# industrial petrolatum, 5 parts of 46# base oil, 14 parts of 18# high viscosity oil, and 20 parts of composite emulsifier.
[0032] The composite emulsifier is composed of carbonate-based polymer emulsifier and glucosamide-based surfactant in a 1:1 mass ratio.
[0033] The preparation steps of carbonate-based polymer emulsifier are as follows:
[0034] S11: S-1-dodecyl-S'-(a,a'-dimethyl-a''-acetic acid) trithiocarbonate, octadecyl methacrylate, isopropanol and azobisisobutyronitrile were polymerized under an inert atmosphere to obtain an intermediate product.
[0035] S12: An intermediate product, acrylic acid, 1,4-dioxane and azobisisobutyronitrile are reacted under an inert atmosphere to prepare a carbonate-based polymer emulsifier.
[0036] In S11, the molar ratio of S-1-dodecyl-S'-(a,a'-dimethyl-a''-acetic acid)trithiocarbonate, octadecyl methacrylate, and azobisisobutyronitrile was 1:20:0.2; the reaction conditions were 80℃ and 6h. In S12, the molar ratio of the intermediate, acrylic acid, 1,4-dioxane, and azobisisobutyronitrile was 1:30:0.1; the reaction conditions were 80℃ and 6h.
[0037] The preparation steps of glucosamide surfactant are as follows:
[0038] S21: Dissolve gluconolactone in N,N-dimethylformamide, and then add diethylenetriamine to react;
[0039] S22: Add alkyl epoxy polyether to the solution after the reaction of S21 and carry out the reaction;
[0040] S23: Lauroyl chloride and triethylamine are added to the solution after the reaction of S22 to react and obtain a glucosamide surfactant.
[0041] In S21, the molar ratio of gluconolactone to diethylenetriamine is 1:1.3; the reaction conditions are 90℃ for 5 hours. In S22, gluconolactone and alkyl epoxy polyether are reacted; the reaction conditions are 90℃ for 4 hours. In S23, the molar ratio of alkyl epoxy polyether, lauroyl chloride, and triethylamine is 1.5:1:1.5; the reaction conditions are 55℃ for 4 hours.
[0042] Example 2
[0043] The present invention proposes an oil phase for high-altitude emulsion explosives, comprising the following components by weight: 15 parts of 80# microcrystalline wax, 14 parts of 56# semi-refined paraffin wax, 2 parts of 1# industrial petrolatum, 3 parts of 46# base oil, 10 parts of 18# high viscosity oil, and 10 parts of composite emulsifier.
[0044] The composite emulsifier is composed of carbonate-based polymer emulsifier and glucosamide-based surfactant in a mass ratio of 3:1.
[0045] The preparation steps of carbonate-based polymer emulsifier are as follows:
[0046] S11: S-1-dodecyl-S'-(a,a'-dimethyl-a''-acetic acid) trithiocarbonate, octadecyl methacrylate, isopropanol and azobisisobutyronitrile were polymerized under an inert atmosphere to obtain an intermediate product.
[0047] S12: An intermediate product, acrylic acid, 1,4-dioxane and azobisisobutyronitrile are reacted under an inert atmosphere to prepare a carbonate-based polymer emulsifier.
[0048] In S11, the molar ratio of S-1-dodecyl-S'-(a,a'-dimethyl-a''-acetic acid)trithiocarbonate, octadecyl methacrylate, and azobisisobutyronitrile was 1:10:0.1; the reaction conditions were 70℃ and 4h. In S12, the molar ratio of the intermediate, acrylic acid, 1,4-dioxane, and azobisisobutyronitrile was 1:20:0.05; the reaction conditions were 70℃ and 3h.
[0049] The preparation steps of glucosamide surfactant are as follows:
[0050] S21: Dissolve gluconolactone in N,N-dimethylformamide, and then add diethylenetriamine to react;
[0051] S22: Add alkyl epoxy polyether to the solution after the reaction of S21 and carry out the reaction;
[0052] S23: Lauroyl chloride and triethylamine are added to the solution after the reaction of S22 to react and obtain a glucosamide surfactant.
[0053] In S21, the molar ratio of gluconolactone to diethylenetriamine is 1:1.1; the reaction conditions are 85℃ for 4 hours. In S22, gluconolactone and alkyl epoxy polyether are reacted; the reaction conditions are 85℃ for 3 hours. In S23, the molar ratio of alkyl epoxy polyether, lauroyl chloride, and triethylamine is 1:1:1.2; the reaction conditions are 50℃ for 3 hours.
[0054] Example 3
[0055] The present invention proposes an oil phase for high-altitude emulsion explosives, comprising the following components by weight: 22 parts of 80# microcrystalline wax, 20 parts of 56# semi-refined paraffin wax, 5 parts of 1# industrial petrolatum, 7 parts of 46# base oil, 18 parts of 18# high viscosity oil, and 30 parts of composite emulsifier.
[0056] The composite emulsifier is composed of carbonate-based polymer emulsifier and glucosamide-based surfactant in a mass ratio of 1:3.
[0057] The preparation steps of carbonate-based polymer emulsifier are as follows:
[0058] S11: S-1-dodecyl-S'-(a,a'-dimethyl-a''-acetic acid) trithiocarbonate, octadecyl methacrylate, isopropanol and azobisisobutyronitrile were polymerized under an inert atmosphere to obtain an intermediate product.
[0059] S12: An intermediate product, acrylic acid, 1,4-dioxane and azobisisobutyronitrile are reacted under an inert atmosphere to prepare a carbonate-based polymer emulsifier.
[0060] In S11, the molar ratio of S-1-dodecyl-S'-(a,a'-dimethyl-a''-acetic acid) trithiocarbonate, octadecyl methacrylate, and azobisisobutyronitrile was 1:30:0.3; the reaction conditions were 90℃ and 8h. In S12, the molar ratio of the intermediate, acrylic acid, 1,4-dioxane, and azobisisobutyronitrile was 1:40:0.15; the reaction conditions were 90℃ and 10h.
[0061] The preparation steps of glucosamide surfactant are as follows:
[0062] S21: Dissolve gluconolactone in N,N-dimethylformamide, and then add diethylenetriamine to react;
[0063] S22: Add alkyl epoxy polyether to the solution after the reaction of S21 and carry out the reaction;
[0064] S23: Lauroyl chloride and triethylamine are added to the solution after the reaction of S22 to react and obtain a glucosamide surfactant.
[0065] In S21, the molar ratio of gluconolactone to diethylenetriamine is 1:1.5; the reaction conditions are 95℃ and 6h. In S22, gluconolactone and alkyl epoxy polyether are reacted; the reaction conditions are 95℃ and 5h. In S23, the molar ratio of alkyl epoxy polyether, lauroyl chloride, and triethylamine is 2:1:2; the reaction conditions are 60℃ and 5h.
[0066] Comparative Example 1
[0067] The present invention proposes an oil phase for high-altitude emulsion explosives, comprising the following components by weight: 18 parts of 80# microcrystalline wax, 17 parts of 56# semi-refined paraffin wax, 3 parts of 1# industrial petrolatum, 5 parts of 46# base oil, 14 parts of 18# high viscosity oil, and 20 parts of carbonate-based polymer emulsifier.
[0068] The preparation steps of carbonate-based polymer emulsifier are as follows:
[0069] S11: S-1-dodecyl-S'-(a,a'-dimethyl-a''-acetic acid) trithiocarbonate, octadecyl methacrylate, isopropanol and azobisisobutyronitrile were polymerized under an inert atmosphere to obtain an intermediate product.
[0070] S12: An intermediate product, acrylic acid, 1,4-dioxane and azobisisobutyronitrile are reacted under an inert atmosphere to prepare a carbonate-based polymer emulsifier.
[0071] In S11, the molar ratio of S-1-dodecyl-S'-(a,a'-dimethyl-a''-acetic acid)trithiocarbonate, octadecyl methacrylate, and azobisisobutyronitrile was 1:20:0.2; the reaction conditions were 80℃ and 6h. In S12, the molar ratio of the intermediate, acrylic acid, 1,4-dioxane, and azobisisobutyronitrile was 1:30:0.1; the reaction conditions were 80℃ and 6h.
[0072] Comparative Example 2
[0073] The present invention proposes an oil phase for high-altitude emulsion explosives, comprising the following components by weight: 18 parts of 80# microcrystalline wax, 17 parts of 56# semi-refined paraffin wax, 3 parts of 1# industrial petrolatum, 5 parts of 46# base oil, 14 parts of 18# high viscosity oil, and 20 parts of glucosamide surfactant.
[0074] The preparation steps of glucosamide surfactant are as follows:
[0075] S21: Dissolve gluconolactone in N,N-dimethylformamide, and then add diethylenetriamine to react;
[0076] S22: Add alkyl epoxy polyether to the solution after the reaction of S21 and carry out the reaction;
[0077] S23: Lauroyl chloride and triethylamine are added to the solution after the reaction of S22 to react and obtain a glucosamide surfactant.
[0078] In S21, the molar ratio of gluconolactone to diethylenetriamine is 1:1.3; the reaction conditions are 90℃ for 5 hours. In S22, gluconolactone and alkyl epoxy polyether are reacted; the reaction conditions are 90℃ for 4 hours. In S23, the molar ratio of alkyl epoxy polyether, lauroyl chloride, and triethylamine is 1.5:1:1.5; the reaction conditions are 55℃ for 4 hours.
[0079] The properties of the emulsion explosives obtained by mixing and emulsifying the oil phase material of the high-altitude emulsion explosives in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 with the aqueous phase material (including ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate and water) using existing technology and sensitizing them with a sensitizer (sodium nitrite) were measured. The test results are shown in Table 1.
[0080] Table 1. Performance test results of emulsion explosives
[0081]
[0082] As can be seen from the experimental results in Table 1, the emulsion explosive prepared using the oil phase of this invention still exhibits good explosive performance and higher stability in high-altitude environments. Furthermore, this invention, by introducing a composite emulsifier composed of a carbonate-based polymer emulsifier and a glucosamide surfactant onto the conventional emulsion explosive oil phase system, can synergistically enhance the explosive performance of the emulsion explosive in high-altitude environments. This is because the carbonate-based polymer emulsifier itself possesses long-chain hydrophobic side chains and a carbonate backbone, enabling it to deeply anchor itself within the oil phase composed of 80# microcrystalline wax, 56# semi-refined paraffin wax, industrial petrolatum, and high-viscosity oil. This forms a "polymer shell" with a certain thickness and viscoelasticity at the water-oil interface, significantly improving the mechanical strength and shear resistance of the emulsion film. However, when using this type of polymer emulsifier alone, the interfacial film is too "rigid," easily leading to localized stress concentration under high-altitude, low-temperature, and low-pressure conditions when the internal phase volume repeatedly expands and contracts. Interfacial defects are difficult to self-repair in a timely manner, resulting in insufficient long-term storage stability.
[0083] Secondly, the glucosamide surfactant molecule contains both highly hydrophilic groups such as polyhydroxy sugar groups and amide groups, as well as hydrophobic segments introduced through alkyl epoxy polyethers, lauroyl groups, etc. This allows it to form a dense hydrophilic layer with the inner phase on the aqueous side containing salts such as ammonium nitrate through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic association. Furthermore, it synergistically arranges with the hydrophobic segments of the polymeric emulsifier at the interface through hydrophobic interactions and chain entanglement. Compared to the situation where using small-molecule sugar-based surfactants alone only provides high interfacial activity but has limited film strength, the sugar-based surfactant in this invention plays a more significant role in "flexible filling" and "dynamic repair" of interfacial defects. On the one hand, it fills the micropores formed in the polymeric interfacial film due to crystallization and phase separation, improving the density of the interfacial film and inhibiting Oswald ripening and aggregation of inner phase droplets. On the other hand, it utilizes a multi-point hydrogen bond network to endow the interfacial film with a certain degree of reversible rearrangement capability. When pressure fluctuations, temperature cycles, and mechanical vibrations occur in high-altitude environments, the interfacial film can release stress through molecular-scale recombination without overall rupture.
[0084] Furthermore, the mass ratio of carbonate-based polymer emulsifier to glucosamide-based surfactant in this invention achieves an optimized gradient interface structure of "rigid skeleton - flexible repair layer - hydrophilic anchoring layer": when the polymer ratio is too low, the overall mechanical support of the interface film is insufficient, making it difficult to resist microbubble expansion and external shearing under high altitude and low pressure conditions; when the polymer ratio is too high, the interface is too rigid, the sugar base layer cannot be fully spread, and the interface self-healing ability decreases. This invention, through a specific ratio, enables the polymer emulsifier to provide a continuous oil phase embedded in the skeleton, and with the help of the sugar-based surfactant, establishes a high-density hydrophilic head base layer and hydrogen bond network on the aqueous phase side, forming a synergistic effect between the two: on the one hand, it significantly improves the viscoelastic modulus and fatigue resistance of the emulsion film, significantly reducing the risk of phase separation and oil separation during long-term storage at high altitudes; on the other hand, it effectively buffers the impact of internal phase dissolved gas precipitation and volume changes on the interface under low pressure conditions, maintaining the density and microstructure stability of the emulsion explosive, thereby improving the stability of the emulsion explosive under high altitude conditions.
[0085] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application. The scope of this application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents, all of which should be included within the protection scope of this application.
Claims
1. An oil phase for high-altitude emulsion explosives, characterized in that, It contains the following components by weight: 15-22 parts of 80# microcrystalline wax, 14-20 parts of 56# semi-refined paraffin wax, 2-5 parts of 1# industrial petrolatum, 3-7 parts of 46# base oil, 10-18 parts of 18# high viscosity oil, and 10-30 parts of compound emulsifier; The composite emulsifier is composed of carbonate-based polymer emulsifier and glucosamide-based surfactant in a mass ratio of 3:1-9.
2. The oil phase for high-altitude emulsion explosives according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation steps of carbonate-based polymer emulsifier are as follows: S11: S-1-dodecyl-S'-(a,a'-dimethyl-a''-acetic acid) trithiocarbonate, octadecyl methacrylate, isopropanol and azobisisobutyronitrile were polymerized under an inert atmosphere to obtain an intermediate product. S12: An intermediate product, acrylic acid, 1,4-dioxane and azobisisobutyronitrile are reacted under an inert atmosphere to prepare a carbonate-based polymer emulsifier.
3. The oil phase for high-altitude emulsion explosives according to claim 2, characterized in that, The molar ratio of S-1-dodecyl-S'-(a,a'-dimethyl-a''-acetic acid) trithiocarbonate, octadecyl methacrylate, and azobisisobutyronitrile in S11 is 1:10-30:0.1-0.3; the reaction conditions are a temperature of 70-90℃ and a time of 4-8h.
4. The oil phase for high-altitude emulsion explosives according to claim 2, characterized in that, The molar ratio of intermediate product, acrylic acid, 1,4-dioxane and azobisisobutyronitrile in S12 is 1:20-40:0.05-0.15; the reaction conditions are a temperature of 70-90℃ and a time of 2-10h.
5. The oil phase for high-altitude emulsion explosives according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation steps of glucosamide surfactant are as follows: S21: Dissolve gluconolactone in N,N-dimethylformamide, and then add diethylenetriamine to react; S22: Add alkyl epoxy polyether to the solution after the reaction of S21 and carry out the reaction; S23: Lauroyl chloride and triethylamine are added to the solution after the reaction of S22 to react and obtain a glucosamide surfactant.
6. The oil phase for high-altitude emulsion explosives according to claim 5, characterized in that, The molar ratio of gluconolactone to diethylenetriamine in S21 is 1:1.1-1.5; the reaction conditions are a temperature of 85-95℃ and a time of 4-6h.
7. The oil phase for high-altitude emulsion explosives according to claim 5, characterized in that, S22 contains gluconolactone and alkyl epoxy polyether; the reaction conditions are a temperature of 85-95℃ and a time of 3-5h.
8. The oil phase for high-altitude emulsion explosives according to claim 5, characterized in that, The molar ratio of alkyl epoxy polyether, lauroyl chloride and triethylamine in S23 is 1-2:1:1-2; the reaction conditions are a temperature of 50-60℃ and a time of 3-5h.
9. An emulsified matrix, characterized in that, It includes the oil phase for high-altitude emulsion explosives as described in any one of claims 1-8.
10. An emulsion explosive, characterized in that, It includes the oil phase for high-altitude emulsion explosives as described in any one of claims 1-8.