A portable blood glucose meter based on dynamic power management and environmental adaptation

Abstract

The application discloses a portable blood glucose meter based on dynamic power management and environment self-adaption, comprising: a shell, a return structure, an ultramicro sensor module, a main control board, a hybrid power supply system, a dynamic power management module and a calibration module are arranged in the shell, the dynamic power management module is used for identifying the current working stage of the blood glucose meter, and the working stage at least includes a standby stage, a sampling stage, a calculation stage and a transmission stage; according to the calculation load corresponding to the current working stage, the core voltage and the working frequency of the MCU core are dynamically adjusted, and the special ASIC chip is controlled to enter a multi-stage sleep mode in the idle time; the calibration module is connected with the ultramicro sensor module and the special ASIC chip, and is used for compensating and correcting the detection signal according to the environmental parameters. The blood glucose meter significantly reduces the power consumption through the dynamic power management module, improves the equipment sustainability through the hybrid power supply system, and improves the environment self-adaption through the calibration module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of blood glucose meter technology, specifically to a portable blood glucose meter based on dynamic power consumption management and environmental adaptation. Background Technology

[0002] A blood glucose meter is a portable medical device used to measure the concentration of glucose in the human blood. It is an important tool for diabetic patients and people who need to monitor their blood sugar for daily self-management.

[0003] Patent document CN102928482A discloses an energy-saving Bluetooth portable blood glucose meter system. It removes the blood glucose value display screen and commonly used multi-function buttons that are common on blood glucose meters, leaving only a power switch button. This achieves the purpose of energy saving and reduces the size and cost of the blood glucose meter.

[0004] Patent document CN104764778A discloses a novel intelligent blood glucose monitor, comprising a biosensor electrode and a signal processing circuit connected to its output. The output of the signal processing circuit is connected to a temperature compensation circuit and a switching circuit. The output of the temperature compensation circuit is also connected to the switching circuit. The switching circuit is sequentially connected to an A / D conversion module, a microcontroller control system, and an LCD display circuit. The microcontroller control system is also connected to an intelligent chip. The blood glucose concentration results measured by this intelligent blood glucose monitor show a significant correlation with the results measured by a high-precision blood glucose meter. Furthermore, it offers advantages such as ease of operation, short measurement time, relatively accurate and reliable results, high level of intelligence, and low power consumption.

[0005] In summary, although existing blood glucose meters also have the characteristic of low power consumption, they cannot perform dynamic power consumption management, have high power consumption, and poor environmental adaptability. In addition, existing blood glucose meters are powered only by batteries, resulting in poor device sustainability. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Therefore, this application provides a portable blood glucose meter based on dynamic power consumption management and environmental adaptation to solve the problems of existing portable blood glucose meters that cannot perform dynamic power consumption management, have poor environmental adaptability, and have poor sustainability.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution:

[0008] A portable blood glucose meter based on dynamic power management and environmental adaptation includes:

[0009] The housing has a blood glucose test strip slot on its side and a display screen and buttons fixedly mounted on its upper surface.

[0010] The strip ejection structure is located inside the housing and near the blood glucose test strip insertion port, and is used to eject the inserted blood glucose test strip after the test is completed;

[0011] An ultra-micro sensor module is disposed inside the housing and connected to the blood glucose test strip socket. The ultra-micro sensor module includes a nanoelectrode and a microfluidic chip formed on a flexible substrate, which are used to collect electrochemical reaction signals generated by the blood sample.

[0012] The main control board is a flexible circuit board, which is fixedly installed inside the housing. It integrates a dedicated ASIC chip, which includes an ADC module, an MCU core and a Bluetooth baseband integrated on a single die. It adopts a fan-out wafer-level packaging to form a three-dimensional stacked structure to achieve miniaturization and low parasitic parameter characteristics. The ADC module and the Bluetooth baseband are both electrically connected to the MCU core.

[0013] A hybrid power supply system is fixedly installed inside the housing, including a lithium battery, a solar cell, and an energy recovery unit. The energy recovery unit is used to collect the mechanical energy generated by the vibration of the button or the housing and convert it into electrical energy to supplement the power supply of the main control board.

[0014] A dynamic power management module is integrated into the main control board or the dedicated ASIC chip. The dynamic power management module is used to: identify the current working stage of the blood glucose meter, which includes at least a standby stage, a sampling stage, a calculation stage, and a transmission stage; dynamically adjust the core voltage and operating frequency of the MCU core according to the calculation load corresponding to the current working stage; and control the dedicated ASIC chip to enter a multi-level sleep mode when idle.

[0015] The calibration module is fixedly installed inside the housing and connected to the ultra-micro sensor module and the dedicated ASIC chip. It is used to compensate and correct the detection signal according to environmental parameters.

[0016] Preferably, the volume of the blood glucose meter is reduced to 38 mm³.

[0017] Preferably, the flexible substrate is a PI / PET composite film with a thickness of 50 μm, a bending radius ≤ 2 mm, a tensile strength > 100 MPa, and passes 100,000 bending tests.

[0018] Preferably, the microfluidic chip uses laser-induced graphene etching to create 50μm wide × 100μm deep microchannels, achieving precise distribution of blood samples down to 0.1μL.

[0019] Preferably, the dedicated ASIC chip is manufactured using TSMC's 28nm FD-SOI process, with a chip area of ​​4mm×4mm and a thickness of 0.8mm.

[0020] Preferably, the lithium battery is a 50mAh lithium cobalt oxide battery, and the solar cell is a 2cm² thin-film solar cell.

[0021] Preferably, the energy recovery unit is a piezoelectric ceramic sheet with a size of 5mm×5mm, which is located below the button or on the inner wall of the housing. It is used to convert the mechanical energy generated by button click or housing vibration into electrical energy. The piezoelectric ceramic sheet is connected to a supercapacitor through an AC-DC conversion circuit, and the energy recovered per click is ≥10μJ.

[0022] Preferably, the main control board also integrates a ferroelectric memory, which is connected to the dedicated ASIC chip to store at least the most recent 1000 detection data, supporting data retention even when power is off and integration with the HIS system.

[0023] Preferably, during the standby phase, the core voltage of the MCU core is reduced to 0.8V, the operating frequency is reduced to 8MHz, and the dedicated ASIC chip is put into a deep sleep mode with a deep sleep mode current ≤0.1μA.

[0024] During the sampling phase, the ADC module is woken up to acquire electrochemical signals at a frequency of 1 kHz, while the MCU core is kept in a low voltage and low frequency state.

[0025] During the calculation phase, when wavelet denoising or Kalman filtering is required on the acquired signal, the core voltage of the MCU core is increased to 1.2V and the operating frequency is increased to 32MHz, and then immediately drops back after the calculation is completed.

[0026] During the transmission phase, the Bluetooth baseband is enabled to send data, and after the transmission is completed, the Bluetooth baseband is turned off and the system returns to a low-power state.

[0027] Preferably, the calibration module includes:

[0028] A temperature sensor is placed near the ultra-micro sensor module to collect real-time temperature data of the reaction zone;

[0029] Humidity sensor, used to collect ambient humidity data in real time;

[0030] A miniature heating element is disposed near the ultra-micro sensor module;

[0031] The calibration unit, integrated into the dedicated ASIC chip, is used for:

[0032] When the temperature data collected by the temperature sensor is within the range of -20℃ to 60℃, temperature compensation is performed on the electrochemical reaction signal converted by the ADC module based on the Arrhenius equation.

[0033] Based on the humidity data collected by the humidity sensor, the output power of the micro heating element is controlled by a PID algorithm to maintain the humidity in the reaction zone within the range of 40%-60%.

[0034] Before each test, a blank current value is collected as a baseline, and during the test, the actual test signal is dynamically corrected based on the baseline to compensate for baseline drift.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, this application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0036] 1. The portable blood glucose meter based on dynamic power management and environmental adaptation provided in this application can dynamically adjust the core voltage and operating frequency of the MCU core through the dynamic power management module, and significantly reduce power consumption by combining multi-level sleep modes; by integrating solar-assisted charging and energy recovery technology, the sustainability of the device is significantly improved and the frequency of battery replacement is reduced; the calibration module can compensate and correct the detection signal according to environmental parameters, thereby improving environmental adaptability.

[0037] 2. The main control board also integrates a ferroelectric memory, which is connected to a dedicated ASIC chip to store at least the most recent 1000 detection data. It supports data retention even when power is off and can be integrated with the HIS system. Its write power consumption is 90% lower than that of EEPROM.

[0038] 3. The calibration module uses a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, and a miniature heating element. Through temperature-humidity coordinated control, this module can maintain stable temperature and humidity in the reaction zone, ensuring enzyme activity and the stability of electronic components. Before each detection, a blank current value is collected as a baseline, and during the detection process, the actual detection signal is dynamically corrected based on the baseline to compensate for baseline drift, thereby improving long-term stability.

[0039] 4. Existing blood glucose meters are mostly 50-100 mm³ in size, while the blood glucose meter of this application has a smaller overall size of 38 mm³, making it more convenient for the elderly to operate and more portable. Attached Figure Description

[0040] To more intuitively illustrate the prior art and this application, exemplary drawings are provided below. It should be understood that the specific shapes and structures shown in the drawings should not generally be regarded as limiting conditions for implementing this application; for example, based on the technical concept disclosed in this application and the exemplary drawings, those skilled in the art are able to easily make conventional adjustments or further optimizations to the addition / reduction / classification, specific shapes, positional relationships, connection methods, size ratios, etc. of certain units (components).

[0041] Figure 1A schematic diagram of a portable blood glucose meter based on dynamic power consumption management and environmental adaptation provided for this application;

[0042] Figure 2 This application provides a block diagram of the internal circuit principle of a portable blood glucose meter based on dynamic power consumption management and environmental adaptation.

[0043] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0044] 1. Housing; 2. Display screen; 3. Buttons; 4. Retractable structure; 5. Main control board; 6. Hybrid power supply system; 7. Calibration module; 8. Bluetooth baseband. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0046] In the description of this application: unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more. The terms "first," "second," "third," etc., in this application are intended to distinguish the objects referred to and do not have any special meaning in terms of technical connotation (e.g., they should not be construed as an emphasis on importance or order). Expressions such as "including," "comprising," and "having" also mean "not limited to" (certain units, components, materials, steps, etc.).

[0047] The terms used in this application, such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and "middle," are generally used to indicate the general relative positional relationship for the purpose of intuitive understanding by referring to the accompanying drawings, and are not absolute limitations on the positional relationship in the actual product.

[0048] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 This application provides a portable blood glucose meter based on dynamic power management and environmental adaptation, including a housing 1. The housing 1 uses liquid metal (gallium indium tin alloy) for thermal conductivity in conjunction with a graphene heat sink, with a thermal resistance of <5℃ / W, ensuring stable operation in high-temperature environments. A blood glucose test strip slot is provided on the side of the housing 1. A display screen 2 and buttons 3 are fixedly installed on the upper surface of the housing 1. The display screen 2 uses a 0.96-inch OLED display (resolution 80×160) to support touch operation, and multi-color LEDs and a buzzer to realize graded alarms. The housing 1 contains a strip structure 4, a main control board 5, an ultra-micro sensor module, a hybrid power supply system 6, and a calibration module 7, so that the blood glucose meter forms a miniaturized structure with an overall volume of ≤38mm³.

[0049] The strip ejection structure 4 is located inside the housing 1 and near the blood glucose test strip insertion port, and is used to eject the inserted blood glucose test strip after the test is completed.

[0050] The ultramicro sensor module is housed inside the housing 1 and connected to the blood glucose test strip socket. The ultramicro sensor module includes a nanoelectrode and a microfluidic chip formed on a flexible substrate, which are used to collect the electrochemical reaction signals generated by the blood sample.

[0051] Specifically, the nanoelectrode uses a nano-platinum black / carbon nanotube composite material. The nano-platinum black electrode is prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD) to produce 20-50nm platinum black particles, increasing the surface area by 5 times, improving catalytic activity by 300%, and increasing the current response speed by 2 times. The reference electrode is an Ag / AgCl microelectrode. The flexible substrate uses a PI / PET composite film (50μm thick) to support the electrode array, with a bending radius ≤2mm, tensile strength >100MPa, and passing 100,000 bending tests. The microfluidic chip uses laser-induced graphene (LIG) to etch 50μm wide × 100μm deep microchannels to achieve precise dispensing of blood samples at the 0.1μL level, with a flow rate control accuracy of ±5%.

[0052] The ultra-micro sensor module also includes an optical module, which integrates a miniature LED (650nm wavelength) with a photodiode to support colorimetric and electrochemical dual-mode detection, thereby improving detection reliability.

[0053] The main control board 5 is a flexible circuit board, fixedly installed inside the housing 1. It integrates a dedicated ASIC chip, which includes an ADC module, an MCU core, and a Bluetooth baseband 8 integrated on a single die. It adopts a fan-out wafer-level packaging to form a three-dimensional stacked structure to achieve miniaturization and low parasitic parameter characteristics. The ADC module and the Bluetooth baseband 8 are both electrically connected to the MCU core. The Bluetooth baseband 8 supports a transmission rate of 2Mbps, a distance of ≥50m, and HTTPS / TLS 1.3 encryption for uploading data to the cloud.

[0054] Specifically, the dedicated ASIC chip uses TSMC's 28nm FD-SOI process to integrate a 16-bit ADC module (85dB signal-to-noise ratio), an LDO regulator, a Cortex-M0+ MCU (8-32MHz clock speed), and a Bluetooth 5.2 baseband. It has an area of ​​4×4mm, a thickness of 0.8mm, reduces power consumption by 40%, improves heat dissipation by 30%, and has a thermal resistance of <5℃ / W. The flexible circuit uses double-sided wiring on a PI substrate (30μm line width / spacing), can be bent 100,000 times without breakage, and achieves IP67 waterproofing through a nano-coating (Parylene C).

[0055] The hybrid power supply system 6 is fixedly installed inside the housing 1, including a lithium battery, a solar cell and an energy recovery unit. The energy recovery unit is used to collect the mechanical energy generated by the vibration of the button 3 or the housing and convert it into electrical energy to supplement the power supply of the main control board 5.

[0056] Specifically, the hybrid power supply system 6 uses a 50mAh lithium cobalt oxide battery, combined with a 2cm² thin-film solar cell (efficiency 22%), supports ambient light charging, and extends battery life by 30%. It adopts Qi standard wireless charging, namely adaptive charging (MPPT algorithm), which can achieve solar maximum power point tracking and 5W fast charging, fully charging in 2 hours, improving charging efficiency by 20%, and supporting 500 charge-discharge cycles. The energy recovery unit is a piezoelectric ceramic sheet with a size of 5mm×5mm, located below button 3 or on the inner wall of the shell. It is used to convert the mechanical energy generated by clicking button 3 or shell vibration into electrical energy. The piezoelectric ceramic sheet converts mechanical energy into electrical energy through an AC-DC conversion circuit and connects to a 10mF supercapacitor for storage. The energy recovered per click is ≥10μJ, supporting instantaneous high power consumption operation.

[0057] The dynamic power management module is integrated into the main control board 5 or a dedicated ASIC chip. The dynamic power management module is used to: identify the current working stage of the blood glucose meter, which includes at least the standby stage, sampling stage, calculation stage and transmission stage; dynamically adjust the core voltage and operating frequency of the MCU core according to the calculation load corresponding to the current working stage, and control the dedicated ASIC chip to enter a multi-level sleep mode when idle.

[0058] Specifically, during the standby phase, the dynamic power management module controls the core voltage of the MCU core to drop to 0.8V and the operating frequency to drop to 8MHz, and puts the dedicated ASIC chip into a deep sleep mode with a deep sleep mode current ≤0.1μA;

[0059] During the sampling phase, the ADC module is woken up to acquire electrochemical signals at a frequency of 1kHz, while the MCU core is kept in a low voltage and low frequency state.

[0060] During the calculation phase, when wavelet denoising or Kalman filtering is required on the acquired signal, the core voltage of the MCU core is increased to 1.2V and the operating frequency is increased to 32MHz, and then immediately dropped back after the calculation is completed.

[0061] During the transmission phase, Bluetooth baseband 8 is enabled for data transmission. After transmission is complete, Bluetooth baseband is turned off and the system returns to a low-power state.

[0062] Dynamic power management, through the collaboration of DVS (Dynamic Voltage Scaling, scaling range: 0.8-1.2V) and DFS (Dynamic Frequency Scaling, scaling range: 8-32MHz), can adjust the voltage and frequency in real time according to the computing load; multi-level sleep mode (light sleep 1μA / deep sleep 0.1μA), wake-up time ≤1ms.

[0063] The calibration module 7 is fixedly installed inside the housing 1 and connected to the ultra-micro sensor module and the dedicated ASIC chip. It is used to compensate and correct the detection signal according to environmental parameters (i.e., environmental adaptation).

[0064] Specifically, the calibration module includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a miniature heating element, and a calibration unit.

[0065] The temperature sensor is located near the micro sensor module and is used to collect real-time temperature data of the reaction zone. The temperature sensor is a MAX30208 digital temperature sensor (accuracy ±0.1℃).

[0066] Humidity sensor, used to collect ambient humidity data in real time;

[0067] The miniature heating element is placed near the ultra-micro sensor module. The miniature heating element (50mW) maintains the humidity of the reaction zone at 40-60% through a PID algorithm to prevent the test strip from getting damp.

[0068] The calibration unit, integrated into a dedicated ASIC chip, is used for:

[0069] When the temperature data collected by the temperature sensor is within the range of -20℃ to 60℃, temperature compensation is performed on the electrochemical reaction signal converted by the ADC module based on the Arrhenius equation to ensure an accuracy of ±3% over a wide temperature range of -20℃ to 60℃.

[0070] Based on the humidity data collected by the humidity sensor, the output power of the micro heating element is controlled by a PID algorithm to maintain the humidity in the reaction zone within the range of 40%-60%.

[0071] Before each test, a blank current value is collected as a baseline, and during the test, the actual test signal is dynamically corrected based on the baseline to compensate for baseline drift and improve long-term stability.

[0072] More specifically, the process of environmental adaptation includes:

[0073] Step 1, Environmental Parameter Acquisition: Before and during blood glucose testing, the temperature data of the reaction area is collected in real time by a temperature sensor, and the ambient humidity is acquired simultaneously as input parameters for the environmental adaptive algorithm.

[0074] Step 2, Temperature Validity Determination: Compare the collected temperature data with the preset operating temperature range to determine: When the temperature is within... When the temperature reaches the effective range of 60°C, the temperature compensation step is initiated; when the temperature exceeds the range, an abnormality warning is triggered or the detection process is paused to avoid generating invalid detection results.

[0075] Step 3, Temperature Compensation Calculation: Under the condition that the temperature is within the effective range, the enzyme activity correction model based on the Arrhenius equation is used to perform temperature compensation processing on the electrochemical detection signal to correct the reaction rate deviation caused by temperature changes, thereby ensuring the consistency of detection results under different ambient temperatures.

[0076] Step 4, Humidity Control: During the preparation and testing phases, the micro heating element is activated based on the ambient humidity. The output power of the heating element is dynamically adjusted using a PID control algorithm to maintain the humidity in the reaction zone within the set range of 40% to 60%, thereby preventing moisture or condensation of the test strip from interfering with the detection signal.

[0077] Step 5, Self-calibration and baseline correction: Before the formal test, the blank current value of the electrochemical channel is collected in the absence of blood sample and used as the baseline reference value; during the test, the actual test signal is dynamically corrected based on the baseline reference value to compensate for baseline drift caused by environmental changes, device aging or long-term use, and to improve the stability and repeatability of the test results.

[0078] This application provides a portable blood glucose meter based on dynamic power management and environmental adaptation. The main control board 5 also integrates a ferroelectric memory (FRAM). The ferroelectric memory is connected to a dedicated ASIC chip to store at least the most recent 1000 test data. It supports data retention even when power is off and can be integrated with the HIS system. The write power consumption is 90% lower than that of EEPROM.

[0079] The workflow of a portable blood glucose meter based on dynamic power consumption management and environmental adaptation provided in this application is as follows:

[0080] S1, Wake-up and Initialization: After the device is woken up by a button / insert / timed event, the main controller enters the initialization process: loads the last calibration parameters and user configuration (threshold, communication switch, power consumption strategy), completes sensor self-test (electrochemical channel open / short circuit detection, temperature sensor online detection, light sensor reading validity detection), and enters standby mode after passing the self-test.

[0081] S2, Detection Phase Identification and Task Scheduling (Dynamic Power Management Entry Point): Based on the current phase, tasks are divided into four categories: standby, sampling, computation, and transmission, and the corresponding power consumption modes are entered accordingly.

[0082] Standby phase: Enter deep sleep mode, retaining only the interrupts for test strip insertion / button press / timed wake-up;

[0083] Sampling phase: wake up the ADC, front-end amplification, and sampling timer;

[0084] Calculation phase: Activate the arithmetic unit and increase the clock speed;

[0085] Transmission phase: Enable Bluetooth / encryption module and perform short-term high-power operation;

[0086] DVS / DFS are executed synchronously during phase switching (see S7).

[0087] S3, Data Acquisition (Multi-rate Synchronization): After entering the sampling phase, multi-source data is acquired at different frequencies and written to the circular buffer. The multi-source data includes:

[0088] Electrochemical current: 1 kHz continuous sampling;

[0089] Temperature: 10 Hz sampling;

[0090] Illumination intensity: 1 Hz sampling;

[0091] The data from different frequencies are aligned by timestamp to form a unified “sampling frame” (containing electrochemical fragments + current temperature + current illumination).

[0092] S4, Sliding window preprocessing: The electrochemical signal is preprocessed using a 1-second sliding window, including:

[0093] First, perform median filtering within the window to remove spikes, glitches, and transient interference.

[0094] The filtered window signal is subjected to db4 wavelet three-level decomposition and threshold denoising to suppress high-frequency noise and power frequency coupling components.

[0095] The denoised electrochemical signal segment is output as the input for subsequent estimation.

[0096] S5, Motion Artifact Suppression and Blood Glucose Estimation (Kalman Filter): Using the electrochemical signal output from step S4 as the observation input to the Kalman filter, the true signal state corresponding to blood glucose is estimated, including:

[0097] The prediction-update mechanism of the filter is used to suppress motion artifacts caused by hand tremors, unstable contact, etc.

[0098] It outputs stable state variables such as "blood glucose estimate / estimated residual" to provide a basis for calculation and reliability judgment.

[0099] Using Kalman filtering to estimate the true blood glucose value can suppress motion artifact interference and improve signal quality.

[0100] S6, Environmental Adaptive Control (Temperature and Humidity Coordination + Self-calibration): The environmental adaptive algorithm runs in parallel during the sampling and calculation phases, including:

[0101] Temperature and humidity coordinated control: The heating element power is adjusted according to the temperature / humidity status, and PID control is used to keep the temperature and humidity in the reaction zone within a preset stable range to ensure stable enzyme activity and electronic component operation;

[0102] Self-calibration: A blank current is collected as a baseline value before each test begins; during the test, this baseline is used to dynamically correct the electrochemical signal to compensate for baseline drift caused by long-term use and improve long-term consistency.

[0103] S7, Dynamic Voltage / Frequency Regulation (i.e., DVS / DFS execution strategy): Performs closed-loop voltage / frequency regulation at different stages, including:

[0104] Low load (standby / sampling interval): Reduce the voltage to 0.8 V, reduce the main frequency to 8 MHz, and enter deep sleep as much as possible;

[0105] Medium load (real-time preprocessing): Increase the frequency to meet the requirements of 1 kHz sampling and windowing operations;

[0106] High load (converged computing / encrypted transmission): Increase voltage / frequency according to task time limit, and immediately fall back to low power point after completion;

[0107] Through the above strategies, the DVS algorithm can adjust the voltage to the minimum point of 0.8V in real time according to the load, and the DFS algorithm can adjust the frequency to the minimum point of 8MHz, thereby minimizing energy consumption without affecting the detection timing.

[0108] S8, Result Generation and Local Recording: When the blood glucose estimate reaches a stable condition (e.g., fluctuation within the window is below the threshold or the filter residual converges), the system outputs the final blood glucose result and generates a complete record containing information such as timestamp, blood glucose value, temperature, light intensity, baseline value, and key quality indicators (self-check passed / whether compensation was triggered / whether it is abnormal).

[0109] S9, Data Transmission and Storage:

[0110] Local storage: Write the records from step S8 into FRAM, retaining at least the most recent 1000 records, and ensuring they are not lost in the event of a power outage;

[0111] Wireless transmission: If communication is enabled, Bluetooth 5.2 will be used to send data at 2 Mbps, and the data will be uploaded to the cloud with HTTPS / TLS 1.3 encryption.

[0112] Interface Integration: Export / synchronize the required fields according to the HIS integration format for use by the medical information system.

[0113] S10, End and Return to Low Power: After transmission is complete or timeout, the wireless module and high-power peripherals are turned off, critical states are saved, and the device enters deep sleep mode to wait for the next wake-up event.

[0114] It should be noted that those skilled in the art can improve the test strip into a biodegradable test strip based on this application. The biodegradable test strip uses starch-based biomaterials (degradation cycle of 30 days) to support the reaction layer, with a degradation rate of >90%, reducing medical waste by 70%. The lithium battery can also be replaced with a CR2032 button battery, extending the device life to 5 years. It can also support OTA algorithm updates, reducing the device scrap rate, which is in line with the trend of green healthcare.

[0115] The portable blood glucose meter based on dynamic power management and environmental adaptation provided in this application has been experimentally verified and its performance evaluated, and has the following characteristics:

[0116] Size and weight verification: The device has a volume of 38mm³, a weight of 8g, and a thickness of 7mm, making it fit into a wallet card slot and significantly improving portability;

[0117] Power consumption test: standby power consumption 0.8μA, single test power consumption 45mJ, solar charging efficiency 22%, battery life 6 months;

[0118] Accuracy verification: MAE=0.31mmol / L, RMSE=0.43mmol / L in the range of 3.9-22.2mmol / L, which meets the ISO15197:2025 standard;

[0119] Environmental adaptability: Error variation <3% in environments ranging from -20℃ to 60℃; no damage after a 1.5m drop test; excellent impact resistance.

[0120] Clinical benefits: After use in 200 diabetic patients, the operation time was reduced to 20 seconds, the strip removal failure rate was 0, and HbA1c decreased by an average of 0.7%;

[0121] Sustainability assessment: Biodegradable test strips reduce medical waste by 70%, modular battery design extends device life to 5 years, and saves approximately $4,000 per unit in medical expenses.

[0122] The portable blood glucose meter based on dynamic power management and environmental adaptation provided in this application has the following characteristics after safety and reliability evaluation:

[0123] Electrical safety: Complies with IEC 60601-1 standard, insulation resistance >100MΩ, leakage current <10μA, and passes CISPR11 EMC test;

[0124] Mechanical safety: Medical-grade PC shell impact resistance >100MPa, key life >1 million cycles, pipe connection strength >15N;

[0125] Data security: AES-256 encrypted transmission, blockchain-based operation log storage, compliant with HIPAA standards, and patient self-control over data;

[0126] Environmental safety: RoHS certified, lead-free and cadmium-free; biocompatibility certified by ISO 10993-5, ensuring safe use;

[0127] Software fault tolerance: Watchdog circuit prevents infinite loops, FRAM stores critical data to prevent loss during power outages, and fault self-diagnosis triggers alarms.

[0128] The portable blood glucose meter based on dynamic power consumption management and environmental adaptation provided in this application, after manufacturing process and quality evaluation, has the following characteristics:

[0129] Material selection: The nano-platinum black electrode adopts the ALD process, and the flexible substrate adopts a PI / PET composite film to ensure stable performance;

[0130] Manufacturing process: SMT surface mount combined with X-ray inspection, microchannels are etched using LIG technology, and airtightness test is performed after assembly;

[0131] Quality inspection: 100% functional testing (accuracy, environment, safety), appearance inspection and software verification, full lifecycle traceability;

[0132] Packaging and Transportation: The antistatic EPE cushioning material has passed ISTA 3A testing to ensure safe transportation;

[0133] Maintenance: Users can replace the battery and test strips, and return the device to the factory for deep cleaning and calibration every 2 years to extend its service life.

[0134] The portable blood glucose meter based on dynamic power consumption management and environmental adaptation provided in this application has the following characteristics after clinical application and benefit evaluation:

[0135] Patient value: Miniaturized design improves portability, low power consumption extends battery life, non-invasive / minimally invasive testing reduces pain and improves compliance;

[0136] Medical value: Supports remote monitoring platforms, reduces the frequency of outpatient follow-up visits, enables accurate detection to optimize treatment plans, and improves medical efficiency;

[0137] Social value: Saves approximately US$4,000 per unit in medical expenses, reduces the cost of diabetic complications, and has significant economic benefits;

[0138] Research value: It provides de-identified datasets to support AI algorithm development, and its open API interfaces promote technological innovation and academic research;

[0139] Environmental value: Biodegradable test strips reduce medical waste, and modular design extends equipment lifespan, aligning with the trend of green healthcare.

[0140] In summary, the portable blood glucose meter based on dynamic power management and environmental adaptation provided in this application has the following advantages:

[0141] 1. Pioneering chip-level integrated architecture, achieving single-chip integration of ADC, MCU, and Bluetooth baseband, reducing size to [size missing]. ;

[0142] 2. Develop a dynamic power management system that combines DVS / DFS with multi-level sleep modes, reducing power consumption by 60% and achieving standby power consumption ≤0.8μA;

[0143] 3. Integrating solar-assisted charging and energy recovery technologies enhances equipment sustainability and reduces battery replacement frequency;

[0144] 4. Utilizing nanomaterials and flexible circuits, miniaturized design is achieved, with a bending radius ≤2mm and tensile strength >100MPa;

[0145] 5. It meets international medical device standards, has passed ISO 15197:2025 accuracy verification and RoHS environmental certification, and has significant clinical value.

[0146] As can be seen, the portable blood glucose meter based on dynamic power management and environmental adaptation provided in this application can dynamically adjust the core voltage and operating frequency of the MCU core through the dynamic power management module, and significantly reduce power consumption by combining multi-level sleep modes; by integrating solar-assisted charging and energy recovery technology, it significantly improves the sustainability of the device and reduces the frequency of battery replacement; the calibration module can compensate and correct the detection signal according to environmental parameters, improving environmental adaptability. It is suitable for home self-testing, community medical care and wilderness emergency rescue scenarios, and can promote the development of portable medical devices towards miniaturization, low power consumption and intelligence.

[0147] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way (as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features). For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described; these embodiments not explicitly written should also be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

Claims

1. A portable blood glucose meter based on dynamic power consumption management and environmental adaptation, characterized in that, include: The housing has a blood glucose test strip slot on its side and a display screen and buttons fixedly mounted on its upper surface. The strip ejection structure is located inside the housing and near the blood glucose test strip insertion port, and is used to eject the inserted blood glucose test strip after the test is completed; An ultra-micro sensor module is disposed inside the housing and connected to the blood glucose test strip socket. The ultra-micro sensor module includes a nanoelectrode and a microfluidic chip formed on a flexible substrate, which are used to collect electrochemical reaction signals generated by the blood sample. The main control board is a flexible circuit board, which is fixedly installed inside the housing. It integrates a dedicated ASIC chip, which includes an ADC module, an MCU core and a Bluetooth baseband integrated on a single die. It adopts a fan-out wafer-level packaging to form a three-dimensional stacked structure to achieve miniaturization and low parasitic parameter characteristics. The ADC module and the Bluetooth baseband are both electrically connected to the MCU core. A hybrid power supply system is fixedly installed inside the housing, including a lithium battery, a solar cell, and an energy recovery unit. The energy recovery unit is used to collect the mechanical energy generated by the vibration of the button or the housing and convert it into electrical energy to supplement the power supply of the main control board. A dynamic power management module is integrated into the main control board or the dedicated ASIC chip. The dynamic power management module is used to: identify the current working stage of the blood glucose meter, which includes at least a standby stage, a sampling stage, a calculation stage, and a transmission stage; dynamically adjust the core voltage and operating frequency of the MCU core according to the calculation load corresponding to the current working stage; and control the dedicated ASIC chip to enter a multi-level sleep mode when idle. The calibration module is fixedly installed inside the housing and connected to the ultra-micro sensor module and the dedicated ASIC chip. It is used to compensate and correct the detection signal according to environmental parameters.

2. The portable blood glucose meter based on dynamic power management and environmental adaptation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The blood glucose meter has been reduced in size to 38 mm³.

3. The portable blood glucose meter based on dynamic power management and environmental adaptation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flexible substrate is a PI / PET composite film with a thickness of 50μm, a bending radius of ≤2mm, a tensile strength of >100MPa, and has passed 100,000 bending tests.

4. The portable blood glucose meter based on dynamic power management and environmental adaptation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microfluidic chip uses laser-induced graphene etching to create 50μm wide × 100μm deep microchannels, enabling precise dispensing of blood samples down to 0.1μL.

5. The portable blood glucose meter based on dynamic power management and environmental adaptation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dedicated ASIC chip is manufactured using TSMC's 28nm FD-SOI process, with a chip area of ​​4mm×4mm and a thickness of 0.8mm.

6. The portable blood glucose meter based on dynamic power management and environmental adaptation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lithium battery is a 50mAh lithium cobalt oxide battery, and the solar cell is a 2cm² thin-film solar cell.

7. The portable blood glucose meter based on dynamic power management and environmental adaptation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy recovery unit is a piezoelectric ceramic sheet with a size of 5mm×5mm, which is located below the button or on the inner wall of the housing. It is used to convert the mechanical energy generated by button click or housing vibration into electrical energy. The piezoelectric ceramic sheet is connected to a supercapacitor through an AC-DC conversion circuit, and the energy recovered per click is ≥10μJ.

8. The portable blood glucose meter based on dynamic power management and environmental adaptation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main control board also integrates a ferroelectric memory, which is connected to the dedicated ASIC chip and is used to store at least the most recent 1000 detection data, supporting data retention even when power is off and integration with the HIS system.

9. The portable blood glucose meter based on dynamic power management and environmental adaptation according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the standby phase, the core voltage of the MCU core is reduced to 0.8V, the operating frequency is reduced to 8MHz, and the dedicated ASIC chip is put into deep sleep mode, with a deep sleep mode current ≤0.1μA. During the sampling phase, the ADC module is woken up to acquire electrochemical signals at a frequency of 1 kHz, while the MCU core is kept in a low voltage and low frequency state. During the calculation phase, when wavelet denoising or Kalman filtering is required on the acquired signal, the core voltage of the MCU core is increased to 1.2V and the operating frequency is increased to 32MHz, and then immediately drops back after the calculation is completed. During the transmission phase, the Bluetooth baseband is enabled to send data, and after the transmission is completed, the Bluetooth baseband is turned off and the system returns to a low-power state.

10. The portable blood glucose meter based on dynamic power management and environmental adaptation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calibration module includes: A temperature sensor is placed near the ultra-micro sensor module to collect real-time temperature data of the reaction zone; Humidity sensor, used to collect ambient humidity data in real time; A miniature heating element is disposed near the ultra-micro sensor module; The calibration unit, integrated into the dedicated ASIC chip, is used for: When the temperature data collected by the temperature sensor is within the range of -20℃ to 60℃, temperature compensation is performed on the electrochemical reaction signal converted by the ADC module based on the Arrhenius equation. Based on the humidity data collected by the humidity sensor, the output power of the micro heating element is controlled by a PID algorithm to maintain the humidity in the reaction zone within the range of 40%-60%. Before each test, a blank current value is collected as a baseline, and during the test, the actual test signal is dynamically corrected based on the baseline to compensate for baseline drift.

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