A suspension force equivalent experiment and simulation verification method for a permanent magnet levitation transportation system

Abstract

The application relates to a suspension force equivalent experiment and simulation verification method for a permanent magnet levitation transportation system. The method is based on the similarity principle, an experimental model proportional to the real system is constructed, and corresponding numerical simulation means are matched, and the experimental and simulation data which can be verified with each other are obtained by testing the experimental model. The method not only completes the measurement and analysis of a plurality of core parameters on the experimental model, but also verifies the reliability of the data and conclusions obtained from the experimental model to the large model through the establishment of an equivalent model, so that the related data of the large system can be obtained by the small-scale research means. Compared with the traditional research approach of directly testing the large model, the method can greatly shorten the cycle, and provides an efficient, economical and safe and reliable technical research approach for the permanent magnet levitation transportation system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of permanent magnet maglev train technology, and in particular to a method for levitation force equivalent experiment and simulation verification for permanent magnet maglev transportation systems. Background Technology

[0002] Neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) permanent magnets, renowned for their high remanence and energy product, are known as the "King of Magnets" and are widely used in important fields such as power, electronics, new energy, medicine, and transportation. In transportation, permanent magnet maglev technology has undergone a series of research and application trials, with the MAS-type permanent magnet maglev train at Shanghai Normal University and the "Red Track" permanent magnet maglev test line at Jiangxi University of Science and Technology being typical examples. Current permanent magnet maglev trains primarily rely on the principle of like poles repulsion or unlike poles attraction between permanent magnets to achieve levitation and overcome gravity. However, due to the extremely large forces between permanent magnets, the experimental process is highly dangerous. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method for equivalent experiments and simulation verification of levitation force in permanent magnet maglev transportation systems to address the high risk involved in the experimental process of studying the levitation force of permanent magnet maglev transportation systems.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the inventors provide a method for levitation force equivalent experiment and simulation verification for permanent magnet maglev transportation systems, comprising the following steps:

[0005] Step 1: Build an experimental model of the permanent magnet maglev transportation system, based on the typical structure of a permanent magnet levitation train, specifically including a tension test machine, a levitation permanent magnet array simulating onboard permanent magnets, and a model permanent magnet track with a three-pole Halbach array.

[0006] Step 2: Measure the magnetic flux density of the experimental model of the permanent magnet maglev transportation system and compare it with the magnetic flux density of the COMSOL simulation model to verify the magnetic field of the simulation model.

[0007] Step 3: On the static test platform for the equivalent suspension force of the SS-HTS maglev loop system, test the suspension force of the experimental model of the permanent magnet maglev transportation system, and compare and analyze the results with the COMSOL simulation results to verify the accuracy of the simulation model.

[0008] Step four: Based on the reliability of the simulation verification of the experimental model of the permanent magnet maglev transportation system, the simulation method is extended to the study of the levitation force of a full-size permanent magnet maglev transportation system.

[0009] Furthermore, in step one, the suspended permanent magnet array is composed of multiple small permanent magnets with a size of 15mm×10mm×10mm arranged in three columns, each column containing 14 permanent magnets with the same magnetization direction.

[0010] Furthermore, in step one, the model permanent magnet track is composed of four horizontally magnetized permanent magnets with dimensions of 25mm×25mm×800mm and three vertically magnetized permanent magnets with dimensions of 25mm×15mm×800mm arranged according to a preset polarity.

[0011] Furthermore, in step three, the static experimental test platform for the levitation force equivalent of the SS-HTS magnetic levitation loop system includes a tensile testing machine, a levitation component for fixing the levitation permanent magnet array, and a platform permanent magnet track with adjustable relative position.

[0012] Furthermore, the residual flux density modulus ||Br|| of the small permanent magnet is 1.45.

[0013] The above technical solution has the following advantages, unlike existing technologies:

[0014] This invention, in studying the levitation force of permanent magnet maglev transportation systems, constructs a small-scale physical experimental model of the system and cross-validates it with COMSOL multiphysics simulation. Firstly, it accurately calculates the magnetic field distribution and levitation force under safe conditions, transforming the high-risk experimental steps of traditional research, which directly use large-scale permanent magnets, into a simulation-based research process. Secondly, this method significantly reduces research costs, and the accuracy of the experiments is ensured through multiple cross-validations of the experimental model. In summary, this research method establishes a high-precision, reusable levitation force analysis model, providing an efficient and safe technical means for the parameter design and subsequent optimization of full-scale permanent magnet maglev transportation systems. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the small-scale model levitation force experimental device used in this embodiment;

[0016] Figure 2a This is a graph showing the change of the lateral component of the magnetic flux density of the small model in this embodiment as a function of displacement.

[0017] Figure 2b This is a graph showing the vertical component of the magnetic flux density of the small model in this embodiment as a function of displacement.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a graph showing the comparison between experimental and simulated values ​​of the levitation force of the small model in this embodiment as a function of the levitation gap.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a graph showing the comparison between experimental and simulated values ​​of the levitation force of the small model in this embodiment as a function of lateral displacement;

[0020] Figure 5 This is a comparison diagram of the magnetic flux density modulus between the small and large models in this embodiment;

[0021] Figure 6 This is a comparison diagram of the magnetic scalar potential distribution between the small-scale model and the large-scale model in this embodiment.

[0022] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0023] 1. Tensile testing machine;

[0024] 2. Model permanent magnet track;

[0025] 3. Small permanent magnets. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To illustrate the possible application scenarios, technical principles, implementable specific solutions, and achievable objectives and effects of this application in detail, the following description, in conjunction with the listed specific embodiments and accompanying drawings, provides a detailed explanation. The embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of this application and are therefore intended to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0027] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The term "embodiment" appearing in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it specifically limit its independence or connection with other embodiments. In principle, in this application, as long as there are no technical contradictions or conflicts, the technical features mentioned in each embodiment can be combined in any way to form corresponding implementable technical solutions.

[0028] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the use of related terms herein is merely for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit this application.

[0029] In the description of this application, the term "and / or" is used to describe the logical relationship between objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B means: A exists, B exists, and A and B exist simultaneously. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following objects have an "or" logical relationship.

[0030] In this application, terms such as “first” and “second” are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual quantity, hierarchy or order relationship between these entities or operations.

[0031] Without further limitations, the use of terms such as “comprising,” “including,” “having,” or other similar open-ended expressions in this application is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, which does not exclude the presence of additional elements in a process, method, or product that includes the stated elements, such that a process, method, or product that includes a list of elements may include not only those defined elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, or product.

[0032] As understood in the Examination Guidelines, in this application, expressions such as "greater than," "less than," and "exceeding" are understood to exclude the stated number; expressions such as "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the stated number. Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments in this application, "multiple" means two or more (including two), and similar expressions related to "multiple" are also understood in this way, such as "multiple groups" and "multiple times," unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0033] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the space-related expressions used, such as "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "vertical," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential," indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the specific embodiments or drawings. They are only for the purpose of describing the specific embodiments of this application or for the reader's understanding, and do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific position, a specific orientation, or be constructed or operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application.

[0034] Unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," "fixing," and "setting," as used in the description of the embodiments of this application, should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral arrangement; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be a relationship of two components combined together, an interaction relationship between two components, or a connection within two structures. Those skilled in the art to which this application pertains can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0035] Please see Figures 1 to 6 This embodiment provides a method for experimental and simulation verification of levitation force equivalence in permanent magnet maglev transportation systems, including the following steps:

[0036] Step 1: Construct an experimental model of the permanent magnet maglev transportation system. The experimental model is based on the principle of a permanent magnet maglev train, consisting of a car body, suspension frame, onboard permanent magnets, permanent magnet track, linear motor, support wheels, guide wheels, rails, sleepers, and permanent magnet track support beams. In this method, the experimental model includes a tensile testing machine, a suspended permanent magnet array simulating onboard permanent magnets, and a model permanent magnet track with a three-pole Halbach array.

[0037] The three-pole Halbach array refers to the Halbach array, which combines and arranges multiple permanent magnets magnetized in a specific direction to form a high-intensity concentrated magnetic field on one side of the array, while the magnetic field on the other side is significantly weakened, thereby providing a strong and stable magnetic field environment for the levitation system.

[0038] The experimental model is equipped with a tensile testing machine 1. The tensile testing machine 1 can be used to adjust the suspension gap between the model permanent magnet track 2 and the permanent magnet on the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet of the permanent magnet maglev transportation system model, so as to obtain experimental data on suspension force under different gap conditions;

[0039] The suspended permanent magnet array consists of multiple small permanent magnets with dimensions of 15mm×10mm×10mm arranged in a predetermined manner, with a total of 3 columns. Each column contains 14 permanent magnets with the same magnetization direction. This multi-unit combination structure simulates the layout of a real vehicle-mounted magnet to facilitate magnetic field measurement and levitation force control in experiments.

[0040] The model permanent magnet track consists of four horizontally magnetized permanent magnets (25mm × 25mm × 800mm) and three vertically magnetized permanent magnets (25mm × 15mm × 800mm) arranged with preset polarities. The horizontally magnetized permanent magnets are parallel to the track plane, primarily providing the longitudinal magnetic field component and forming the structural basis for guiding the magnetic field direction in the Halbach array. The vertically magnetized permanent magnets are perpendicular to the track surface, directly enhancing the vertical magnetic field in the levitation air gap region and serving as the main magnetic source for generating levitation force. By arranging these multiple permanent magnets with specific polarities, the working side magnetic field can be effectively enhanced, levitation efficiency improved, and this method is suitable for studying the complex magnetic circuit structure of permanent magnet maglev transportation systems.

[0041] Step 2: Measure the magnetic flux density of the experimental model of the permanent magnet maglev transportation system and compare it with the magnetic flux density of the COMSOL simulation model to verify the magnetic field of the simulation model.

[0042] Figure 2 shows the curves of magnetic flux density changing with the displacement of the scanning path as the measuring probe scans 5 mm above the permanent magnet being measured. The main purpose is to verify the magnetic flux density of the permanent magnet track by measuring it and comparing it with the magnetic flux density of the permanent magnet track in the simulation model. This demonstrates that the simulation model can be used for subsequent simulations of the levitation force of the permanent magnet levitation system. Specifically, Figure 2(a) on the left shows the curve of the lateral component of the magnetic flux density changing with displacement, and Figure 2(b) on the right shows the curve of the vertical component of the magnetic flux density changing with displacement.

[0043] Step 3: On the static test platform for the equivalent suspension force of the SS-HTS maglev loop system, test the suspension force of the experimental model of the permanent magnet maglev transportation system, and compare and analyze the results with the COMSOL simulation results to verify the accuracy of the simulation model.

[0044] The SS-HTS maglev loop system is a side-mounted high-temperature superconducting maglev loop system. It utilizes a side-mounted track and high-temperature superconducting materials to enable the train to achieve self-sustaining stable levitation within a vacuum tube. The system's static levitation force equivalent test platform mainly includes a tensile testing machine, a levitation component for fixing the levitation permanent magnet array, and a position-adjustable platform permanent magnet track.

[0045] Table 1 shows the typical experimental and simulation comparison data of the levitation force changing with the levitation gap. Based on Table 1, the experimental and simulation values ​​of the levitation force of the small model changing with the levitation gap are plotted. It can be seen from the graph that the experimental measured values ​​and the simulation predicted values ​​have the same overall trend and the numerical error is small, indicating that the finite element model can reliably predict the law of levitation force changing with the gap.

[0046] Table 1

[0047]

[0048] Table 2 shows typical simulation results and experimental data of levitation force variation with lateral displacement. Based on Table 2, a comparison curve of experimental and simulated values ​​of levitation force variation with lateral displacement for the small model is plotted, as shown in the appendix. Figure 4 As shown in the figure. The results show that the simulated predicted trend of levitation force under different lateral displacement conditions is in good agreement with the experimental measurement results, further verifying that the finite element model has reliable predictive ability in lateral mechanics and can accurately reflect the lateral force behavior of the actual system.

[0049] Table 2

[0050]

[0051] Step 4: Based on the reliability of the simulation verification of the experimental model of the permanent magnet maglev transportation system, the simulation method is extended to the study of the levitation force of a full-size permanent magnet maglev transportation system.

[0052] like Figure 5 As shown, the magnetic flux density modulus distributions of both the experimental model and the full-scale model exhibit similar magnetic field concentration characteristics, and their distribution patterns are consistent. (See attached diagram.) Figure 6 The comparison of the magnetic scalar potential distributions of the two models further confirms their physical similarity in magnetic field structure. Therefore, it can be considered that this experimental model can effectively reflect the magnetic field and mechanical properties of a full-scale system, and can serve as an effective means to replace some large-scale physical experiments, providing support for simulation research and related parameter analysis of full-scale systems.

[0053] The residual flux density modulus ||Br|| of the small permanent magnet is 1.45.

[0054] Finally, it should be noted that although the above embodiments have been described in the text and drawings of this application, this should not limit the scope of patent protection of this application. Any technical solutions that are based on the essential concept of this application and utilize the content described in the text and drawings of this application, resulting in equivalent structural or procedural substitutions or modifications, as well as the direct or indirect application of the technical solutions of the above embodiments to other related technical fields, are all included within the scope of patent protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for experimental and simulation verification of levitation force equivalent in permanent magnet maglev transportation systems, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Construct an experimental model of the permanent magnet maglev transportation system. This model includes a tensile testing machine, a suspended permanent magnet array simulating onboard permanent magnets, and a model permanent magnet track with a three-pole Halbach array. Step 2: Measure the magnetic flux density of the experimental model of the permanent magnet maglev transportation system and compare it with the magnetic flux density of the COMSOL simulation model to verify the magnetic field of the simulation model. Step 3: On the static test platform for the equivalent suspension force of the SS-HTS maglev loop system, test the suspension force of the experimental model of the permanent magnet maglev transportation system, and compare and analyze the results with the COMSOL simulation results to verify the accuracy of the simulation model. Step four: Based on the reliability of the simulation verification of the experimental model of the permanent magnet maglev transportation system, the simulation method is extended to the study of the levitation force of a full-size permanent magnet maglev transportation system.

2. The method for equivalent levitation force experiment and simulation verification of a permanent magnet maglev transportation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The suspended permanent magnet array described in step one consists of multiple small permanent magnets with a size of 15mm×10mm×10mm arranged in three columns, each column containing 14 permanent magnets with the same magnetization direction.

3. The method for levitation force equivalent experiment and simulation verification of a permanent magnet maglev transportation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The permanent magnet track in step one is composed of four horizontally magnetized permanent magnets with dimensions of 25mm×25mm×800mm and three vertically magnetized permanent magnets with dimensions of 25mm×15mm×800mm, arranged according to a preset polarity.

4. The method for levitation force equivalent experiment and simulation verification of a permanent magnet maglev transportation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step three, the SS-HTS maglev loop system's equivalent static experimental test platform for levitation force includes a tensile testing machine, a levitation component for fixing the levitation permanent magnet array, and a platform permanent magnet track with adjustable relative position.

5. The method for equivalent levitation force experiment and simulation verification of a permanent magnet maglev transportation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The residual flux density modulus ||Br|| of the permanent magnet is 1.45.

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