A method and system for measuring plume verticality deviation

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of building structure deformation monitoring, in particular to a method and system for measuring the verticality deviation of a chimney, comprising: constructing a distributed measurement network containing a top center, a bottom center, an external reference point and a foundation point, synchronously collecting three-dimensional coordinates and performing noise filtering and outlier rejection processing, and extracting multiple independent structure deformation vectors. A hierarchical structure model is formed by using integrity, foundation and segmented sub-models, corresponding data is directionally analyzed, and three types of state parameters are generated. The parameters are input into a deviation mode identifier, and the verticality deviation type is output after logical judgment and mode matching. The present application can independently separate various deformation components, eliminate deformation coupling interference, distinguish between overall tilt, foundation settlement and segmented deformation, accurately identify the deviation type, and improve the determination accuracy of chimney verticality detection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building structure deformation monitoring technology, and in particular to a method and system for measuring the verticality deviation of a chimney. Background Technology

[0002] Current chimney verticality measurements employ a localized point-based acquisition method, selecting only a few measuring points at the top and bottom of the chimney to obtain coordinate information. Measurements are conducted using a fixed external benchmark, resulting in asynchronous data acquisition. The acquired 3D coordinate data undergoes only simple numerical processing without systematic noise filtering or outlier removal, failing to form a stable and continuous 3D coordinate sequence. Furthermore, a comprehensive measurement network including the top center, bottom center, external benchmarks, and foundation points is not established, limiting the measurement coverage and failing to fully reflect the structural deformation state.

[0003] The measurement data cannot be separated into independent components such as top displacement, bottom displacement, external reference offset, and foundation settlement; various deformation information is coupled and superimposed. A layered analytical processing method was not adopted; tilt parameters were calculated solely from the overall data, making it impossible to distinguish between overall structural deviation, foundation settlement deviation, and segmental deformation deviation of the cylinder. The measurement results only reflect numerical offsets; there is no dedicated deviation pattern determination process, making it impossible to perform logical comparison and pattern matching of state parameters, and thus unable to determine the specific type of verticality deviation.

[0004] A distributed synchronous measurement network needs to be built to denoise and process outliers in the 3D coordinate sequence, and extract multiple independent structural deformation features. A hierarchical structural analysis mechanism composed of multiple sub-models needs to be established to perform targeted analysis of different deformation data, and to identify and logically determine the type of chimney verticality deviation by performing pattern recognition and logical judgment on the analyzed state parameters. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and to propose a method and system for measuring the verticality deviation of a chimney.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention employs the following technical solution: a method for measuring the verticality deviation of a chimney, comprising: Deploy three-dimensional deformation measurement points to construct a distributed measurement network including the top center, bottom center, external reference points, and basic points; Based on the distributed measurement network, real-time three-dimensional coordinate data of each measurement point are collected synchronously and noise filtering and outlier removal are performed to generate a filtered three-dimensional coordinate sequence. Extract structural deformation features, including top displacement vector, bottom displacement vector, external reference displacement vector, and foundation settlement vector, from the three-dimensional coordinate sequence; The structural deformation characteristics are interactively fused with a preset structural layering model, which includes an overall deviation sub-model, a basic deviation sub-model, and a segmented deviation sub-model. In the structural layered model, the overall deviation sub-model is used to jointly analyze the top displacement vector, bottom displacement vector and external reference displacement vector to generate the overall structural state parameters. The basic deviation sub-model is used to analyze the foundation settlement vector to generate the foundation settlement state parameters. The segmented deviation sub-model is used to analyze the data belonging to the segmented cylinder in the filtered three-dimensional coordinate sequence to generate the segmented deformation state parameters. The overall structural state parameters, basic settlement state parameters, and segmented deformation state parameters are input into a preset deviation pattern identifier. The input state parameters are then logically judged and pattern matched to output the verticality deviation type of the chimney.

[0007] As a further aspect of the present invention, the step of jointly analyzing the top displacement vector, bottom displacement vector, and external reference displacement vector using an overall deviation sub-model to generate overall structural state parameters includes: Calculate the magnitude and azimuth of the top displacement vector on the horizontal projection plane to obtain the top horizontal offset component; Calculate the magnitude and azimuth of the bottom displacement vector on the horizontal projection plane to obtain the bottom horizontal offset component; Compare the azimuth angles of the top horizontal offset component and the bottom horizontal offset component, and calculate the directional consistency coefficient between the azimuth angles of the top horizontal offset component and the bottom horizontal offset component. The external reference displacement vector and the top horizontal offset component are combined to obtain the net top displacement after deducting the influence of the reference point movement. The external reference displacement vector and the bottom horizontal offset component are combined to obtain the net bottom displacement after deducting the influence of the reference point movement. By combining the directional consistency coefficient, net top displacement, and net bottom displacement, an overall curvature index describing the overall bending degree of the chimney is calculated, and the overall curvature index constitutes an overall structural state parameter.

[0008] As a further aspect of the present invention, the step of analyzing the foundation settlement vector using the fundamental deviation sub-model to generate foundation settlement state parameters includes: Identify the settlement data of the measurement points corresponding to each independent foundation of the chimney structure in the foundation settlement vector; Calculate the settlement change of each independent foundation corresponding to the measurement point relative to its initial elevation value; Construct a settlement distribution matrix that includes all independent foundation settlement changes; Spatial statistical analysis was performed on the settlement distribution matrix to calculate the inhomogeneity index of the settlement distribution; Identify the base point corresponding to the maximum settlement change in the settlement distribution matrix as the maximum settlement point; Identify the base point corresponding to the minimum settlement change in the settlement distribution matrix and use it as the minimum settlement point. Calculate the settlement difference vector between the maximum settlement point and the minimum settlement point, and the settlement difference vector constitutes the basic settlement state parameter.

[0009] As a further aspect of the present invention, the step of using a segmented deviation sub-model to analyze the data belonging to the segmented cylinder in the filtered three-dimensional coordinate sequence and generating segmented deformation state parameters includes: From the filtered three-dimensional coordinate sequence, the coordinates of the top and bottom measurement points of each preset height cylinder segment are selected; For each cylinder segment, the coordinates of the top measurement point and the bottom measurement point of the cylinder segment are subtracted to calculate the attitude vector of the central axis of the cylinder segment. Arrange the attitude vectors of all cylinder segments in height order to form a segmented attitude vector sequence; Calculate the change in the angle between adjacent segment attitude vectors to form an inter-segment attitude change spectrum; In the segmented attitude vector sequence, search for the cylinder segment where the attitude vector magnitude changes abruptly and record it as an abnormal deformation segment. By combining the attitude change spectrum between segments and the location information of abnormal deformation segments, a morphological code is generated to describe the local torsion or bending of the cylinder. The morphological code constitutes the segmented deformation state parameter.

[0010] As a further aspect of the present invention, the step of performing logical judgment and pattern matching on the input state parameters and outputting the verticality deviation type of the chimney includes: The overall structural state parameters are compared with the preset global deformation threshold to determine whether the chimney has overall structural deformation. If it is determined that there is overall structural deformation, then the correlation analysis between the overall structural state parameters and the foundation settlement state parameters will be further performed. If the correlation analysis results between the overall structural state parameters and the foundation settlement state parameters exceed the preset correlation threshold, the verticality deviation type is determined to be overall tilt dominated by uneven foundation settlement. If the correlation analysis results between the overall structural state parameters and the basic settlement state parameters do not exceed the preset correlation threshold, the segmented deformation state parameters will be introduced into the deviation pattern identifier for auxiliary judgment. The overall structural state parameters are corrected using segmented deformation state parameters, and the corrected results are used for pattern matching with a preset multi-level deformation pattern library. Based on the pattern matching results, the output is either the top load deformation type deviation or the temperature stress deformation type deviation.

[0011] As a further aspect of the present invention, the step of comparing the overall structural state parameters with a preset global deformation threshold to determine whether the chimney has overall structural deformation further includes: If it is determined that there is no overall structural deformation, the steps of logically determining and matching the input state parameters through the deviation pattern identifier, and outputting the verticality deviation type of the chimney, specifically include: The basic settlement state parameters are compared with the preset settlement stability threshold. If the basic settlement state parameter exceeds the settlement stability threshold, the judgment result of the overall structural state parameter is ignored, and the verticality deviation type is directly output as hidden foundation differential settlement. If the basic settlement state parameters do not exceed the settlement stability threshold, the segmented deformation state parameters are compared with the preset local deformation threshold. If the segmental deformation state parameter exceeds the local deformation threshold, then by combining the segmental attitude vector sequence and the attitude change spectrum between segments, the verticality deviation type is determined to be local instability of the cylinder segment. If the segmented deformation state parameter does not exceed the local deformation threshold, the verticality deviation type will be output as the normal structural state within the allowable error range.

[0012] As a further aspect of the present invention, after the step of interactively fusing the structural deformation features with the preset structural layering model, a cylinder surface morphology compensation step is also included: Acquire contour point cloud data from laser scanning lines laid out along the height direction on the outer surface of the chimney; The contour point cloud data is transformed into coordinates and then registered with the three-dimensional coordinate system of the distributed measurement network. From the registered contour point cloud data, extract curvature anomaly features that characterize the local unevenness of the outer wall of the chimney; Calculate the distribution pattern of curvature anomaly features along the circumference of the cylinder and their propagation characteristics along the height; The distribution pattern and propagation characteristics are used as morphological compensation factors and input into the segmented deviation sub-model in the structural layering model to correct the segmented deformation state parameters.

[0013] As a further aspect of the present invention, in the step of performing logical judgment and pattern matching on the input state parameters through the deviation pattern identifier and outputting the verticality deviation type of the chimney, the following operations are also performed: When using the overall structural state parameters, the foundation settlement state parameters, and the segmented deformation state parameters for pattern matching, a morphological compensation factor is introduced simultaneously. When the initial judgment result of the deviation pattern identifier points to local deformation of the cylinder, the shape compensation factor is called to verify the initial judgment result. If the curvature anomaly location indicated by the morphological compensation factor is consistent with the abnormal deformation segment location indicated by the segmented deformation state parameter, then the verticality deviation type is confirmed and output as local damage deformation of the cylindrical structure. If the curvature anomaly position indicated by the morphological compensation factor is inconsistent with the abnormal deformation segment position indicated by the segmented deformation state parameter, the output verticality deviation type is pseudo-deformation caused by surface attachments or measurement interference.

[0014] As a further aspect of the present invention, after determining the verticality deviation type of the output chimney, a deviation source tracing and trend deduction step is also included: Based on the output verticality deviation type, retrieve the deformation history data of the corresponding level from the historical 3D coordinate database; The deformation history data is fitted with the currently acquired overall structural state parameters, basic settlement state parameters, and segmented deformation state parameters using a time series fitting method. By using the results of time series fitting, the starting time and main development period of the deformation that leads to the current type of verticality deviation can be retrieved. The model established based on time series fitting is used to extrapolate the deformation development trend within a preset time period and generate a deformation development prediction curve. By associating the deformation initiation time, main development period, and deformation development prediction curve with the output verticality deviation type, a complete profile of structural deviation, including historical origins and future trends, is formed.

[0015] As a further aspect of the present invention, the present invention also includes a system for measuring the verticality deviation of a chimney, the system including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor, wherein the processor, when executing the computer program, implements the steps of the method for measuring the verticality deviation of a chimney as described above.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are as follows: A distributed measurement network was constructed, including the top center, bottom center, external reference points, and foundation points. Real-time 3D coordinates of each measurement point were simultaneously acquired. Noise filtering and outlier removal were performed on the coordinate sequence, and the top displacement vector, bottom displacement vector, external reference displacement vector, and foundation settlement vector were extracted. Synchronous acquisition eliminated systematic errors caused by time-series differences, and noise filtering and outlier removal mitigated data fluctuations caused by environmental vibrations and meteorological factors. Independent splitting of the four types of vectors allowed for the separation of deformation components at different locations, distinguishing the individual effects of cylinder deformation, reference deviation, and foundation settlement, and eliminating coupling interference from single measurement point data.

[0017] A hierarchical structural model, composed of an overall deviation sub-model, a foundation deviation sub-model, and a segmented deviation sub-model, is employed. This model analyzes the top and bottom reference displacement vectors, foundation settlement vectors, and segmented cylinder coordinate data to obtain three types of state parameters. These parameters are then input into a deviation pattern identifier for logical judgment and pattern matching, outputting the verticality deviation type. Hierarchical analysis can independently correspond to the deformation state of the overall structure, foundation, and cylinder segments. Different sub-models process corresponding data in a directional manner, avoiding mutual interference between different deformation types. Pattern matching enables accurate classification of the causes and types of deviations, distinguishing between deviations such as overall tilt, foundation settlement, and segmented deformation. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for measuring the verticality deviation of a chimney according to the present invention; Figure 2 A flowchart for jointly analyzing and generating overall structural state parameters for the overall deviation sub-model; Figure 3 A flowchart for generating segmented deformation state parameters for a segmented deviation sub-model. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0020] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships, are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, in the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0021] See Figure 1 This invention provides a method for measuring the verticality deviation of a chimney, the specific method including: In practical applications, a distributed measurement network is constructed by deploying three-dimensional deformation measurement points, including the top center, bottom center, external reference points, and foundation points. This network covers both the overall and key local areas of the chimney structure. Based on this distributed measurement network, the system synchronously collects real-time three-dimensional coordinate data from each measurement point and performs noise filtering and outlier removal on the raw data to generate a filtered three-dimensional coordinate sequence, providing a high-quality data foundation for subsequent analysis. From the processed three-dimensional coordinate sequence, the top displacement vector, bottom displacement vector, external reference displacement vector, and foundation settlement vector are further extracted. These vectors collectively constitute the structural deformation characteristics reflecting the dynamic changes of the structure. Subsequently, these structural deformation characteristics are interactively fused with a pre-defined structural layered model. This model integrates an overall deviation sub-model, a foundation deviation sub-model, and a segmented deviation sub-model, respectively modeling different types of structural responses. During model fusion, the overall deviation sub-model is responsible for jointly analyzing the top displacement vector, bottom displacement vector, and external reference displacement vector, and generating overall structural state parameters. The basic deviation sub-model focuses on analyzing the basic settlement vector, generating basic settlement state parameters. The segmented deviation sub-model processes the data belonging to the segmented cylinder in the filtered 3D coordinate sequence and outputs segmented deformation state parameters. Finally, the overall structural state parameters, basic settlement state parameters, and segmented deformation state parameters are input into a preset deviation pattern identifier. This identifier accurately outputs the verticality deviation type of the chimney by performing internal logical judgment and pattern matching on the input state parameters, thus completing the entire measurement and diagnosis process.

[0022] In one embodiment of the present invention, the input top displacement vector, bottom displacement vector, and external reference displacement vector are jointly analyzed by calling the overall deviation sub-model within the structural layered model. Specifically, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 2The modulus and azimuth of the top displacement vector on the horizontal projection plane are calculated to obtain the top horizontal offset component. Similarly, the modulus and azimuth of the bottom displacement vector on the horizontal projection plane are calculated to obtain the bottom horizontal offset component. Next, the azimuths of the top and bottom horizontal offset components are compared, and a directional consistency coefficient is calculated between them. This coefficient reflects the degree of correlation between the top and bottom offset directions. Based on this, the external reference displacement vector and the top horizontal offset component are vector synthesized to obtain the net top displacement after deducting the influence of the reference point movement. Similarly, the external reference displacement vector and the bottom horizontal offset component are vector synthesized to obtain the net bottom displacement after deducting the influence of the reference point movement. Finally, combining the directional consistency coefficient, net top displacement, and net bottom displacement obtained above, an overall curvature index describing the overall bending degree of the chimney is calculated. This overall curvature index constitutes the overall structural state parameter to be generated in this embodiment.

[0023] In this implementation, the overall deviation sub-model in the structural layering model jointly analyzes the input top displacement vector, bottom displacement vector, and external reference displacement vector. The overall deviation sub-model reads the three-dimensional value of the top displacement vector, projects it onto the horizontal plane, calculates the modulus on the horizontal projection plane by the sum of squares and the square root, and determines the azimuth angle based on the arctangent relationship between the projected components, thus obtaining the top horizontal offset component. The same mathematical processing is applied to the bottom displacement vector, calculating its modulus and azimuth angle on the horizontal projection plane, thus obtaining the bottom horizontal offset component. In this implementation, the directional consistency coefficient is calculated by comparing the azimuth angles of the top and bottom horizontal offset components, taking the cosine of the difference between the two azimuth angles as the directional consistency coefficient. This coefficient quantifies the degree of correlation between the top and bottom horizontal offsets in direction.

[0024] In some embodiments, the overall deviation sub-model performs vector composition operations to deduct the systematic influence of the external reference point displacement. The external reference displacement vector and the top horizontal offset component are added according to the parallelogram law to obtain the net top displacement after deducting the influence of the reference point movement. The external reference displacement vector and the bottom horizontal offset component are processed using the same vector addition to obtain the net bottom displacement after deducting the influence of the reference point movement. In specific implementations, the generation of the overall curvature index requires comprehensive information on the directional consistency coefficient, net top displacement, and net bottom displacement. The overall curvature index is calculated using the following formula:

[0025] in: This represents the overall curvature index. Represents the net top displacement vector. Represents the net bottom displacement vector. The vertical height difference between the measuring points at the top and bottom of the chimney. The directional consistency coefficient is used to represent the overall curvature. This formula reflects the degree of curvature by the ratio of displacement difference to height, and introduces a directional consistency coefficient to weighted correct for non-collinear curvature. The final output of the overall curvature index constitutes the overall structural state parameter.

[0026] In practical implementation, to intuitively demonstrate the analytical effect of the overall deviation sub-model, it is assumed that in a certain measurement, the modulus of the top horizontal offset component is 12 mm with an azimuth of 30 degrees, the modulus of the bottom horizontal offset component is 8 mm with an azimuth of 25 degrees, and the modulus of the projection of the external reference displacement vector onto the horizontal plane is 2 mm with a direction of 0 degrees. It can be understood that in this case, the directional consistency coefficient is approximately 0.996, the net top displacement modulus is approximately 10.20 mm, and the net bottom displacement modulus is approximately 6.16 mm. Optionally, if the chimney height is 100 meters, substituting into the formula yields the overall curvature index of approximately... In another data comparison, if the difference in azimuth between the top and bottom increases to 60 degrees, the directional consistency coefficient drops to 0.5, and the overall curvature index increases significantly under the same displacement, indicating that the overall deviation sub-model can effectively capture the overall bending characteristics under different offset modes.

[0027] In one embodiment of the present invention, in the processing flow of the basic deviation sub-model, the settlement data of the measurement points corresponding to each independent foundation of the chimney structure in the basic settlement vector are first identified, and then the settlement change of the measurement points corresponding to each independent foundation relative to their initial elevation value is calculated. Subsequently, a settlement distribution matrix containing the settlement changes of all independent foundations is constructed, and spatial statistical analysis is performed on this matrix to calculate the non-uniformity index of the settlement distribution. Simultaneously, the foundation point corresponding to the maximum settlement change in the settlement distribution matrix is ​​identified as the maximum settlement point, and the foundation point corresponding to the minimum settlement change is identified as the minimum settlement point. Then, the settlement difference vector between the maximum and minimum settlement points is calculated; this settlement difference vector constitutes the basic settlement state parameter. In the processing flow of the segmented deviation sub-model, see [reference needed]. Figure 3From the filtered 3D coordinate sequence, the top and bottom coordinates of each preset height cylindrical segment are selected. For each segment, the difference between the top and bottom coordinates is calculated to determine the attitude vector of the segment's central axis. All segment attitude vectors are arranged in height order to form a segmented attitude vector sequence, and the angle change between adjacent segment attitude vectors is calculated to create an inter-segment attitude change spectrum. Within the segmented attitude vector sequence, segments with abrupt changes in attitude vector magnitude are searched and recorded as anomalous deformation segments. Finally, combining the inter-segment attitude change spectrum and the location information of the anomalous deformation segments, a morphological code describing local torsion or bending of the cylindrical body is generated. This morphological code is the segmented deformation state parameter of this embodiment.

[0028] In this implementation, the basic deviation sub-model and the segmented deviation sub-model in the structural layering model sequentially perform data processing. The basic deviation sub-model identifies the settlement data records corresponding to the measurement points of each independent foundation of the chimney structure from the input foundation settlement vector. For the settlement data of each independent foundation measurement point, it calculates the settlement change relative to the pre-calibrated initial elevation value. In this implementation, assuming the chimney foundation has four independent foundation measurement points with an initial elevation of 100.000 meters, and the elevation data obtained in a certain measurement are 99.998 meters, 99.997 meters, 100.001 meters, and 99.999 meters, the settlement changes are -2 mm, -3 mm, +1 mm, and -1 mm, respectively. The basic deviation sub-model constructs a settlement distribution matrix containing the settlement changes of all independent foundations, performs spatial statistical analysis on the settlement distribution matrix, and calculates the non-uniformity index of the settlement distribution. The non-uniformity index is calculated using the following formula:

[0029] in: An index indicating the non-uniformity of settlement distribution. For the number of independent foundations, For the first The settlement change of an independent foundation, This is the arithmetic mean of all settlement changes. In the example data above, the average settlement change is approximately -1.25 mm, and substituting this into the formula yields a non-uniformity index of approximately 1.71 mm. In some embodiments, the basic deviation submodel identifies the basic point corresponding to the maximum settlement change in the settlement distribution matrix as the maximum settlement point, and identifies the basic point corresponding to the minimum settlement change as the minimum settlement point. In the example, the maximum settlement point corresponds to a change of +1 mm, and the minimum settlement point corresponds to a change of -3 mm. The settlement difference vector between the maximum and minimum settlement points is calculated. The magnitude of the settlement difference vector is 4 mm, and its direction points towards the maximum settlement point. This settlement difference vector constitutes the basic settlement state parameter.

[0030] In practical implementation, the segmented deviation sub-model selects the top and bottom measurement point coordinates of each preset height cylindrical segment from the filtered 3D coordinate sequence. For each cylindrical segment, the difference between the top and bottom measurement point coordinates is calculated to obtain the attitude vector of the segment's central axis. This attitude vector includes horizontal projection length and orientation information. For example, if the top coordinates of a cylindrical segment are (1.002 m, 0.501 m, 50.010 m) and the bottom coordinates are (1.000 m, 0.500 m, 49.990 m), then the attitude vector's projection on the XY plane is approximately (0.002 m, 0.001 m). The segmented deviation sub-model arranges the attitude vectors of all cylindrical segments in height order, forming a segmented attitude vector sequence, and calculates the angle change between adjacent segment attitude vectors to form an inter-segment attitude change spectrum. In practical implementation, assuming the horizontal projection moduli of the attitude vectors of three consecutive segments are 2 mm, 2 mm, and 5 mm, respectively, with the angle between the first two vectors close to 0 degrees and the angle between the latter two vectors significantly increasing, the inter-segment attitude change spectrum exhibits a peak at this point. Optionally, the segmented deviation sub-model searches for segments in the segmented attitude vector sequence where the moduli of the attitude vectors undergo abrupt changes and records them as abnormal deformation segments. In the example, the segment where the moduli increase from 2 mm to 5 mm is marked as an abnormal deformation segment. Finally, combining the inter-segment attitude change spectrum and the location information of the abnormal deformation segments, a morphological code is generated to describe the local torsion or bending of the cylinder. The morphological code includes an abnormal location index and a deformation intensity level, and this morphological code constitutes the segmented deformation state parameter.

[0031] In one embodiment of the present invention, the overall structural state parameters are compared with a preset global deformation threshold to determine whether the chimney exhibits overall structural deformation. If the determination result indicates the presence of overall structural deformation, a correlation analysis is further performed between the overall structural state parameters and the foundation settlement state parameters. If the correlation analysis result exceeds a preset correlation threshold, the verticality deviation type is directly determined to be foundation uneven settlement-dominated overall tilt. If the correlation analysis result does not exceed the preset correlation threshold, the segmented deformation state parameters are introduced into the deviation pattern identifier for auxiliary determination. The segmented deformation state parameters are used to correct the overall structural state parameters, and the corrected result is used to perform pattern matching with a preset multi-level deformation pattern library. Based on the matching result, the output is either a top load deformation type deviation or a temperature stress deformation type deviation. Conversely, if the initial determination indicates no overall structural deformation, a different logical path is followed: First, the basic settlement state parameters are compared with a preset settlement stability threshold. If the former exceeds the threshold, the determination result of the overall structural state parameters is ignored, and the verticality deviation type is directly output as concealed foundation differential settlement. If the basic settlement state parameters do not exceed the settlement stability threshold, the segmented deformation state parameters are compared with a preset local deformation threshold. If the former exceeds the threshold, the verticality deviation type is determined to be local instability of the cylinder segment by combining the segmented attitude vector sequence and the attitude change spectrum between segments; otherwise, the verticality deviation type is output as a normal structural state within the allowable error range.

[0032] In practical implementation, the deviation pattern identifier receives overall structural state parameters, basic settlement state parameters, and segmented deformation state parameters as input, and performs internal logical judgment and pattern matching. The deviation pattern identifier compares the overall structural state parameters with a preset global deformation threshold to determine whether the chimney exhibits overall structural deformation. If the overall structural state parameters are greater than or equal to the global deformation threshold, then overall structural deformation is determined to exist. In practical implementation, it is assumed that the global deformation threshold is set to an overall curvature index not lower than... If the input global structural state parameter is If so, it is determined that there is an overall structural deformation.

[0033] In some embodiments, if overall structural deformation is determined to exist, the deviation pattern identifier further performs correlation analysis on the overall structural state parameters and the foundation settlement state parameters, calculating the correlation coefficient between the two to assess their degree of association. The formula used for correlation analysis is as follows:

[0034] in: The correlation coefficient between the overall structural state parameters and the foundation settlement state parameters is represented by the following: For a moment The overall structural state parameter values, Its mean, For a moment The basic settlement state parameter values ​​(take the magnitude of the settlement difference vector). Its mean, This represents the length of the time window used in the analysis. It can be understood that if the correlation coefficient... If the calculation result exceeds the preset correlation threshold (e.g., 0.8), the verticality deviation type is directly determined to be the overall tilt dominated by uneven settlement. If the correlation coefficient does not exceed the correlation threshold, the segmented deformation state parameter is introduced for auxiliary determination. The segmented deformation state parameter is used to numerically correct the overall structural state parameter, and the corrected result is matched with the top load deformation mode and temperature stress deformation mode stored in the multi-level deformation mode library. The corresponding verticality deviation type is output according to the most similar mode.

[0035] In practical implementation, if the deviation pattern identifier determines that there is no overall structural deformation, it switches to another branch logic, comparing the basic settlement state parameters with a preset settlement stability threshold. Assuming the settlement stability threshold is set to a settlement difference vector magnitude of no more than 3 mm, if the input basic settlement state parameters show a difference of 4 mm, the determination of the overall structural state parameters is ignored, and the verticality deviation type is directly output as concealed basic differential settlement. If the basic settlement state parameters do not exceed the settlement stability threshold, the segmented deformation state parameters are then compared with a preset local deformation threshold. The local deformation threshold can be classified according to the deformation intensity level in the morphological encoding. See Table 1, which shows a configuration of local deformation thresholds and their corresponding determination relationships: Table 1: Comparison Table of Local Deformation Threshold and Verticality Deviation Type Judgment ; Optionally, when the segmental deformation state parameter exceeds the local deformation threshold, the deviation pattern identifier combines the segmental attitude vector sequence and the specific values ​​of the attitude change spectrum between segments to determine whether there are obvious signs of local buckling or dislocation in the cylinder, and finally outputs the verticality deviation type as local instability of the cylinder segment; if it does not exceed the threshold, the output verticality deviation type is the normal state of the structure within the allowable error range.

[0036] In one embodiment of the present invention, a surface morphology compensation step is added after the structural layered model interaction and fusion step. This step first acquires contour point cloud data collected by laser scanning lines arranged along the height direction on the outer surface of the chimney, and performs coordinate transformation on the contour point cloud data to register it with the three-dimensional coordinate system of the distributed measurement network. From the registered contour point cloud data, curvature anomaly features characterizing local unevenness of the chimney outer wall are extracted, and the distribution law of these curvature anomaly features in the circumferential direction of the chimney and their propagation characteristics along the height are calculated. The obtained distribution law and propagation characteristics are used as morphology compensation factors and input into the segmented deviation sub-model in the structural layered model to correct the segmented deformation state parameters, thereby improving the accuracy of local deformation analysis. When the deviation pattern identifier performs pattern matching, this morphology compensation factor is introduced synchronously. When the identifier initially determines that the result points to local deformation of the chimney, the morphology compensation factor is called to verify the initial result. If the curvature anomaly location indicated by the morphological compensation factor is consistent with the abnormal deformation segment location indicated by the segmented deformation state parameter, then the verticality deviation type is confirmed and output as local damage deformation of the cylinder structure; if the two indicated locations are inconsistent, then the verticality deviation type is output as pseudo-deformation caused by surface attachments or measurement interference.

[0037] In the specific implementation, after the structural layered model interaction and fusion step, a cylinder surface morphology compensation step is performed to acquire contour point cloud data collected by several laser scanning lines arranged along the height direction on the outer surface of the chimney. Each scanning line is uniformly distributed around the circumference of the cylinder. In the specific implementation, it is assumed that 8 laser scanning lines are set, and each scanning line collects contour points on the outer wall with a point spacing of 10 mm, resulting in an original contour point cloud dataset containing thousands of three-dimensional coordinate points. The contour point cloud data is then transformed from the local coordinate system of the laser scanner to a three-dimensional coordinate system unified with the distributed measurement network. Coordinate alignment is achieved through rotation and translation matrices, so that the coordinates of each point in the contour point cloud are in the same reference system as the coordinates of the measurement network points.

[0038] In practical implementation, curvature anomaly features representing local unevenness of the chimney's outer wall are extracted from the registered contour point cloud data. The Gaussian curvature value of each contour point on the local surface is calculated, and regions with absolute Gaussian curvature values ​​greater than a set threshold are marked as curvature anomaly features. It can be understood that if a local depression occurs on the outer wall of a certain area, its Gaussian curvature will significantly deviate from the normal curvature range of the outer wall of the chimney. The distribution pattern of curvature anomaly features along the circumference of the chimney and their propagation characteristics along the height are calculated. The distribution pattern is described by statistically analyzing the proportion of the angle interval where curvature anomaly points are located along the circumference, and the propagation characteristics are determined by fitting the continuity of curvature anomaly features along the height direction. The distribution pattern and propagation characteristics are encapsulated as a morphological compensation factor and input into the segmented deviation sub-model in the structural layering model. The morphological compensation factor includes information such as the angle span, height range, and average curvature deviation value of the anomaly region, and is used to correct the description of local deformation in the segmented deformation state parameters.

[0039] In some embodiments, the deviation pattern identifier synchronously introduces a morphological compensation factor when performing pattern matching. When the preliminary judgment result points to local deformation of the cylinder, the morphological compensation factor is invoked to cross-validate the preliminary judgment result. During the validation process, the curvature anomaly position indicated by the morphological compensation factor is compared with the abnormal deformation segment position indicated by the segmented deformation state parameter. If the height ranges of the two overlap and the circumferential angles are consistent, the determined positions are consistent; if there is a significant deviation in height or angle, the determined positions are inconsistent. Refer to Table 2, which shows a set of example scenarios comparing the positions of the morphological compensation factor and the segmented deformation state parameter: Table 2: Comparison of Morphological Compensation Factor and Position of Segmented Deformation State Parameter ; Optionally, the curvature anomaly propagation characteristics of the morphological compensation factor are quantified by the following formula to determine its continuity intensity along the height:

[0040] in, This indicates the intensity of the continuity of curvature anomaly features along the height. The total length of the detected curvature anomaly features. The number of times the abnormal feature appears along the height. For the first The length of the next occurrence of the anomalous feature in the height direction. For the first The center height of the secondary anomaly feature The attenuation coefficient is used to measure the impact of height intervals on continuity. It can be understood that when the abnormal location indicated by the morphological compensation factor coincides with the abnormal deformation segment location indicated by the segmented deformation state parameter, and the propagation continuity intensity is high, the deviation pattern identifier confirms and outputs the verticality deviation type as local damage deformation of the cylinder structure; when the two locations are inconsistent, the output verticality deviation type is pseudo-deformation caused by surface attachments or measurement interference.

[0041] In one embodiment of the present invention, after outputting the verticality deviation type, the deviation source tracing and trend inference steps are performed. Based on the output verticality deviation type, the corresponding level of deformation history data is retrieved from the historical three-dimensional coordinate database, and this historical data is combined with the currently acquired overall structural state parameters, basic settlement state parameters, and segmented deformation state parameters for time series fitting. The deformation start time and main development period leading to the current verticality deviation type are derived from the time series fitting result. Based on the model established by this time series fitting, the deformation development trend within a preset future period is inferred, thereby generating a deformation development prediction curve. Finally, the inverted deformation start time, main development period, and inferred deformation development prediction curve are all associated with the output verticality deviation type, forming a complete structural deviation profile containing historical source tracing information and future trend prediction.

[0042] In this implementation, after outputting the chimney's verticality deviation type, this embodiment performs deviation source tracing and trend inference steps. Based on the output verticality deviation type, it retrieves the corresponding level of deformation history data from the historical 3D coordinate database. For example, if the current verticality deviation type is determined to be overall tilt dominated by uneven foundation settlement, then the database retrieves the time series of settlement changes at all foundation points over the past 24 months, historical records of overall structural state parameters, and related environmental temperature time series data. In this implementation, assuming the database stores daily measurement records, a dataset containing 720 historical values ​​of overall structural state parameters and corresponding timestamps is retrieved for joint analysis with the currently acquired overall structural state parameters, foundation settlement state parameters, and segmented deformation state parameters.

[0043] In practice, time series fitting is performed on the retrieved historical deformation data and current state parameters. A nonlinear least squares method is used to fit the evolution trend of the overall structural state parameters as a function that changes over time. The goal of time series fitting is to find the mathematical model that best describes the deformation development process, and the most suitable curve form is selected through goodness-of-fit evaluation. Based on the results of time series fitting, the onset time and main development period of the deformation leading to the current verticality deviation type are retrieved. The moment when the fitted curve first deviates continuously from the zero point or stable baseline is identified as the onset time of deformation, and the time interval with the largest slope is marked as the main development period.

[0044] In some embodiments, a model based on time series fitting is used to extrapolate the deformation development trend within a preset future time period, generating a deformation development prediction curve. The extrapolation process extrapolates the fitted function to future time points, calculates the estimated values ​​of the overall structural state parameters for the next 30, 60, or 90 days, and connects these estimated values ​​to form the deformation development prediction curve. The deformation development prediction curve is generated using the following formula:

[0045] in: Indicates future time The predicted values ​​of the overall structural state parameters. The initial amplitude parameter of the deformation. The deformation growth rate parameter, For steady-state offset parameters, the parameters are... , , All data were obtained from time series fitting of historical data. It can be understood that if historical fitting shows an exponentially accelerating deformation trend, then the prediction curve will reflect the rapid growth of future deformation.

[0046] In practice, the deformation start time, main development period, and deformation development prediction curve obtained from the inversion are correlated and integrated with the output verticality deviation type. For example, the deformation start time is labeled as "March 15, 2025," the main development period is labeled as "May 2025 to August 2025," and the deformation development prediction curve shows that the overall curvature index will decrease from the current level within the next 90 days. Growth to This information is encapsulated into a complete structural deviation profile. The complete structural deviation profile includes three parts: a historical source summary, a current status diagnosis, and a future trend chart. Optionally, the complete structural deviation profile can be output in a standardized JSON format for easy direct access or visualization by subsequent structural health monitoring systems.

[0047] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any other way. Any person skilled in the art may make changes or modifications to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments that can be applied to other fields. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for measuring the verticality deviation of a chimney, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Deploy three-dimensional deformation measurement points to construct a distributed measurement network including the top center, bottom center, external reference points, and basic points; Based on the distributed measurement network, real-time three-dimensional coordinate data of each measurement point are collected synchronously and noise filtering and outlier removal are performed to generate a filtered three-dimensional coordinate sequence. Extract structural deformation features, including top displacement vector, bottom displacement vector, external reference displacement vector, and foundation settlement vector, from the three-dimensional coordinate sequence; The structural deformation characteristics are interactively fused with a preset structural layering model, which includes an overall deviation sub-model, a basic deviation sub-model, and a segmented deviation sub-model. In the structural layered model, the overall deviation sub-model is used to jointly analyze the top displacement vector, bottom displacement vector and external reference displacement vector to generate the overall structural state parameters. The basic deviation sub-model is used to analyze the foundation settlement vector to generate the foundation settlement state parameters. The segmented deviation sub-model is used to analyze the data belonging to the segmented cylinder in the filtered three-dimensional coordinate sequence to generate the segmented deformation state parameters. The overall structural state parameters, basic settlement state parameters, and segmented deformation state parameters are input into a preset deviation pattern identifier. The input state parameters are then logically judged and pattern matched to output the verticality deviation type of the chimney.

2. The method for measuring the verticality deviation of a chimney according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of using an overall deviation sub-model to jointly analyze the top displacement vector, bottom displacement vector, and external reference displacement vector in the structural layered model to generate overall structural state parameters includes: Calculate the magnitude and azimuth of the top displacement vector on the horizontal projection plane to obtain the top horizontal offset component; Calculate the magnitude and azimuth of the bottom displacement vector on the horizontal projection plane to obtain the bottom horizontal offset component; Compare the azimuth angles of the top horizontal offset component and the bottom horizontal offset component, and calculate the directional consistency coefficient between the azimuth angles of the top horizontal offset component and the bottom horizontal offset component. The external reference displacement vector and the top horizontal offset component are combined to obtain the net top displacement after deducting the influence of the reference point movement. The external reference displacement vector and the bottom horizontal offset component are combined to obtain the net bottom displacement after deducting the influence of the reference point movement. By combining the directional consistency coefficient, net top displacement, and net bottom displacement, an overall curvature index describing the overall bending degree of the chimney is calculated, and the overall curvature index constitutes an overall structural state parameter.

3. The method for measuring the verticality deviation of a chimney according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of analyzing the foundation settlement vector using the basic deviation sub-model to generate the foundation settlement state parameters includes: Identify the settlement data of the measurement points corresponding to each independent foundation of the chimney structure in the foundation settlement vector; Calculate the settlement change of each independent foundation corresponding to the measurement point relative to its initial elevation value; Construct a settlement distribution matrix that includes all independent foundation settlement changes; Spatial statistical analysis was performed on the settlement distribution matrix to calculate the inhomogeneity index of the settlement distribution; Identify the base point corresponding to the maximum settlement change in the settlement distribution matrix as the maximum settlement point; Identify the base point corresponding to the minimum settlement change in the settlement distribution matrix and use it as the minimum settlement point. Calculate the settlement difference vector between the maximum settlement point and the minimum settlement point, and the settlement difference vector constitutes the basic settlement state parameter.

4. The method for measuring the verticality deviation of a chimney according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of using a segmented deviation sub-model to analyze the data belonging to the segmented cylinder in the filtered three-dimensional coordinate sequence and generating segmented deformation state parameters includes: From the filtered three-dimensional coordinate sequence, the coordinates of the top and bottom measurement points of each preset height cylinder segment are selected; For each cylinder segment, the coordinates of the top measurement point and the bottom measurement point of the cylinder segment are subtracted to calculate the attitude vector of the central axis of the cylinder segment. Arrange the attitude vectors of all cylinder segments in height order to form a segmented attitude vector sequence; Calculate the change in the angle between adjacent segment attitude vectors to form an inter-segment attitude change spectrum; In the segmented attitude vector sequence, search for the cylinder segment where the attitude vector magnitude changes abruptly and record it as an abnormal deformation segment. By combining the attitude change spectrum between segments and the location information of abnormal deformation segments, a morphological code is generated to describe the local torsion or bending of the cylinder. The morphological code constitutes the segmented deformation state parameter.

5. The method for measuring the verticality deviation of a chimney according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps of performing logical judgment and pattern matching on the input state parameters and outputting the chimney verticality deviation type include: The overall structural state parameters are compared with the preset global deformation threshold to determine whether the chimney has overall structural deformation. If it is determined that there is overall structural deformation, then the correlation analysis between the overall structural state parameters and the foundation settlement state parameters will be further performed. If the correlation analysis results between the overall structural state parameters and the foundation settlement state parameters exceed the preset correlation threshold, the verticality deviation type is determined to be overall tilt dominated by uneven foundation settlement. If the correlation analysis results between the overall structural state parameters and the basic settlement state parameters do not exceed the preset correlation threshold, the segmented deformation state parameters will be introduced into the deviation pattern identifier for auxiliary judgment. The overall structural state parameters are corrected using segmented deformation state parameters, and the corrected results are used for pattern matching with a preset multi-level deformation pattern library. Based on the pattern matching results, the output is either the top load deformation type deviation or the temperature stress deformation type deviation.

6. The method for measuring the verticality deviation of a chimney according to claim 5, characterized in that, The step of comparing the overall structural state parameters with a preset global deformation threshold to determine whether the chimney has overall structural deformation also includes: If it is determined that there is no overall structural deformation, the steps of logically determining and matching the input state parameters through the deviation pattern identifier, and outputting the verticality deviation type of the chimney, specifically include: The basic settlement state parameters are compared with the preset settlement stability threshold. If the basic settlement state parameter exceeds the settlement stability threshold, the judgment result of the overall structural state parameter is ignored, and the verticality deviation type is directly output as hidden foundation differential settlement. If the basic settlement state parameters do not exceed the settlement stability threshold, the segmented deformation state parameters are compared with the preset local deformation threshold. If the segmental deformation state parameter exceeds the local deformation threshold, then by combining the segmental attitude vector sequence and the attitude change spectrum between segments, the verticality deviation type is determined to be local instability of the cylinder segment. If the segmented deformation state parameter does not exceed the local deformation threshold, the verticality deviation type will be output as the normal structural state within the allowable error range.

7. The method for measuring the verticality deviation of a chimney according to claim 1, characterized in that, After the step of interactively fusing the structural deformation features with the preset structural layering model, the method also includes a cylinder surface morphology compensation step: Acquire contour point cloud data from laser scanning lines laid out along the height direction on the outer surface of the chimney; The contour point cloud data is transformed into coordinates and then registered with the three-dimensional coordinate system of the distributed measurement network. From the registered contour point cloud data, extract curvature anomaly features that characterize the local unevenness of the outer wall of the chimney; Calculate the distribution pattern of curvature anomaly features along the circumference of the cylinder and their propagation characteristics along the height; The distribution pattern and propagation characteristics are used as morphological compensation factors and input into the segmented deviation sub-model in the structural layering model to correct the segmented deformation state parameters.

8. The method for measuring the verticality deviation of a chimney according to claim 7, characterized in that, In the step of performing logical judgment and pattern matching on the input state parameters through the deviation pattern identifier and outputting the verticality deviation type of the chimney, the following operations are also performed: When using the overall structural state parameters, the foundation settlement state parameters, and the segmented deformation state parameters for pattern matching, a morphological compensation factor is introduced simultaneously. When the initial judgment result of the deviation pattern identifier points to local deformation of the cylinder, the shape compensation factor is called to verify the initial judgment result. If the curvature anomaly location indicated by the morphological compensation factor is consistent with the abnormal deformation segment location indicated by the segmented deformation state parameter, then the verticality deviation type is confirmed and output as local damage deformation of the cylindrical structure. If the curvature anomaly position indicated by the morphological compensation factor is inconsistent with the abnormal deformation segment position indicated by the segmented deformation state parameter, the output verticality deviation type is pseudo-deformation caused by surface attachments or measurement interference.

9. The method for measuring the verticality deviation of a chimney according to claim 1, characterized in that, Following the description of the verticality deviation type of the output chimney, the process also includes steps for tracing the source of the deviation and extrapolating its trend: Based on the output verticality deviation type, retrieve the deformation history data of the corresponding level from the historical 3D coordinate database; The deformation history data is fitted with the currently acquired overall structural state parameters, basic settlement state parameters, and segmented deformation state parameters using a time series fitting method. By using the results of time series fitting, the starting time and main development period of the deformation that leads to the current type of verticality deviation can be retrieved. The model established based on time series fitting is used to extrapolate the deformation development trend within a preset time period and generate a deformation development prediction curve. By associating the deformation initiation time, main development period, and deformation development prediction curve with the output verticality deviation type, a complete profile of structural deviation, including historical origins and future trends, is formed.

10. A system for measuring the verticality deviation of a chimney, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the method for measuring the verticality deviation of a chimney as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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