Intelligent phase-selective high-voltage vacuum permanent magnet circuit breaker for mining and its control method

Abstract

This invention provides a mine-use intelligent phase-selection high-voltage vacuum permanent magnet circuit breaker and its control method, comprising: a vacuum interrupter (8), an insulating sheath (7), a permanent magnet mechanism (6), a magnetizing capacitor (3), a voltage transformer (2), an electronic voltage sensor (5), and a controller (4); the vacuum interrupter (8) is nested inside the insulating sheath (7), and the main control magnetizing coil (66) of the permanent magnet mechanism (6) is controlled by the output of the IGBT in the controller (4), and the vacuum interrupter (8) is driven by a mechanical linkage to achieve phase selection and closing; the magnetizing capacitor (3) is charged and stored by the controller (4); the controller (4) is configured to: perform phase selection and closing control according to the signal of the voltage transformer (2), and analyze the bounce, synchronism and vacuum status of the circuit breaker; construct an intelligent detection system to analyze the waveform of the electronic voltage sensor and make intelligent judgments on phase selection, bounce, synchronism, adhesion and leakage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of safety control technology for high-voltage electrical equipment used in mining, and more specifically, to a smart phase-selective high-voltage vacuum permanent magnet circuit breaker and its control method for mining. Background Technology

[0002] In the harsh power supply environment of underground coal mines, characterized by harmonic interference, inrush current, and inverter interference, and in scenarios with stringent explosion-proof requirements such as coal dust and gas outbursts, traditional circuit breakers face four core problems when closing transformers: First, the inrush current problem when closing an unloaded transformer. When closing a transformer at the zero point of the system voltage, the inrush current can reach more than 10 times the rated current, causing cascading trips, relay protection failures, and display screen crashes, resulting in widespread power outages. Second, the energy storage mechanism suffers from controller failure due to electromagnetic interference and inrush current, leading to system shutdowns with no backup plan. The circuit breaker cannot be tripped, leading to safety accidents; thirdly, manual physical mechanical closing requires manual reset or manual tripping, and misoperation can prevent tripping due to faults; fourthly, there is a lack of online self-diagnostic functions, dynamic monitoring of key parameters such as vacuum interrupter vacuum degree leakage detection, bounce, three-phase synchronicity, energy storage voltage, energy storage energy, and energy storage capacity, requiring surface inspection to determine the circuit breaker's performance, resulting in delayed early warnings; these problems remain to be solved; therefore, it is necessary to propose a mine-use intelligent phase-selective high-voltage vacuum permanent magnet circuit breaker and control method to at least partially solve the problems existing in the current technology. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The summary of this invention introduces a series of simplified concepts, which will be further explained in detail in the detailed description section. The summary of this invention does not mean that it attempts to limit the key features and essential technical features of the claimed technical solution, nor does it mean that it attempts to determine the scope of protection of the claimed technical solution.

[0004] To at least partially solve the above problems, the present invention provides a mining intelligent phase-selective high-voltage vacuum permanent magnet circuit breaker, comprising: The circuit breaker comprises a vacuum interrupter, a permanent magnet mechanism, a voltage transformer, an insulating sheath, an electronic voltage sensor, and a controller. The controller is electrically connected to the voltage transformer, the electronic voltage sensor, and the permanent magnet mechanism. The vacuum interrupter is nested within the insulating sheath. The controller controls the main magnetizing coil of the permanent magnet mechanism via IGBT output, and drives the vacuum interrupter to achieve phase selection and closing via a mechanical linkage. The magnetizing capacitor is charged and stored by the controller. The controller is electrically connected to the voltage transformer, the electronic voltage sensor, and the permanent magnet mechanism. The electronic voltage sensor is located on the load side of the vacuum interrupter and is used to collect high-frequency waveform data of the three-phase output voltage. The controller configuration includes: performing phase selection and closing control based on the signal from the voltage transformer; and analyzing the circuit breaker's bounce, synchronicity, and vacuum status online based on the waveform data collected by the electronic voltage sensor. An intelligent detection system is constructed to analyze the waveform of the electronic voltage sensor and intelligently judge phase selection, bounce, synchronicity, adhesion, and leakage.

[0005] Preferably, the waveform of the AC system line voltage is determined by a voltage transformer, and the line voltage differs from the phase voltage by a specific phase difference. The waveform is shaped by a controller, and a rising edge triggering reference is used to drive the permanent magnet mechanism for closing control. The controller also has an autonomous learning function, which automatically adjusts the closing sequence by detecting the waveform of the three-phase electronic voltage sensor, so that the relevant phases are closed at the peak value to suppress the transformer's no-load inrush current. The permanent magnet mechanism adopts a dual-coil structure, including a moving iron core, a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet, a main control magnetizing coil, and a magnetically controlled auxiliary holding coil. The main control magnetizing coil is controlled by an IGBT drive circuit to achieve normal closing and opening actions. The magnetically controlled auxiliary holding coil is configured to assist the system in completing the opening action when the system is powered off or the controller is out of control.

[0006] Preferably, the intelligent detection system includes an MCU microprocessor, voltage transformer, and electronic voltage sensor within the controller. The sensor bandwidth is ≥1kHz, and it can acquire three-phase grid voltage from 0-10000V, maintaining essentially no phase shift. The high-speed data acquisition card has a sampling frequency of 50kHz, a resolution of 16 bits, and 4 channels for synchronous acquisition to capture short-term bounce fluctuations (minimum 10μs level). The synchronous timing trigger module supports "closing / breaking command" level triggering (0-5V) to synchronously acquire the input and output of the circuit breaker and voltage waveforms, avoiding time deviation. It detects the pre-breakdown voltage waveform of the vacuum interrupter, determines its physical characteristics such as bounce, synchronization, adhesion, and leakage, and controls the triggering of early warning signals through the MCU microprocessor within the controller. The phase selection control logic of the controller is as follows: the AC line voltage waveform on the power supply side of the system is detected by the voltage transformer, and the peak time of each phase voltage is calculated based on the phase difference relationship between the line voltage and the phase voltage; the peak time of the phase voltage is used as the target closing point to drive the permanent magnet mechanism to suppress the inrush current of the unloaded transformer; the controller also has an adaptive learning function, which automatically adjusts the closing drive timing of the next operation cycle according to the actual closing waveform fed back by the electronic voltage sensor.

[0007] Preferably, the permanent magnet mechanism is used, wherein the main control magnetizing coil is driven by an IGBT bridge to achieve closing and opening control; wherein the magnetically controlled auxiliary holding coil maintains the system opening by demagnetizing after system failure or power failure. The controller's online judgment logic for the mechanical characteristics of the circuit breaker includes: Synchronization judgment: Collect the closing time of the three phases, and use the zero-crossing point or closing point of one phase as a reference to calculate the time deviation between the actual closing time of the other two phases and the theoretical time when they are 120° apart. When the electrical angle corresponding to the time deviation exceeds the preset threshold, it is judged as a synchronization fault; Bounce judgment: Monitor the voltage waveform during the closing process. If multiple short-term voltage drops or fluctuations are detected within the preset time window after the first voltage step, and the fluctuation interval is less than the set threshold, it is judged as contact bounce.

[0008] Preferably, the MCU microprocessor in the controller dynamically detects the energy storage voltage and magnetization capacity, and automatically discharges to 0.2mJ of safe energy for the explosion-proof mining equipment within a specified time after automatic power failure detection. The bandwidth of the electronic voltage sensor is not less than 1kHz, and the high-speed data acquisition module of the controller has a sampling frequency of not less than 50kHz, which is capable of capturing voltage fluctuations at the 10-microsecond level. The controller also includes a safety energy management module for dynamically detecting the energy storage voltage and is equipped with an automatic discharge circuit to release the stored energy to below 0.2mJ within a specified time after the system is powered off.

[0009] The present invention provides a control method for a mine-use intelligent phase-selective high-voltage vacuum permanent magnet circuit breaker, comprising the following steps: S1: An electronic voltage sensor is installed on the load side of the vacuum interrupter to collect high-frequency waveform data of the three-phase output voltage. S2: The controller configuration includes: performing phase selection and closing control based on the signal from the voltage transformer, and analyzing the circuit breaker's bounce, synchronicity, and vacuum status online based on the waveform data collected by the electronic voltage sensor. S3: Construct an intelligent detection system to analyze the waveform of electronic voltage sensors and make intelligent judgments on phase selection, bounce, synchronization, adhesion, and leakage.

[0010] Preferably, in step S1, the waveform of the AC system line voltage is determined by a voltage transformer, and the line voltage and phase voltage are related by a specific phase difference. The waveform is shaped by a controller, and a rising edge triggering reference is used to drive the permanent magnet mechanism for closing control. The controller also has an autonomous learning function, which automatically adjusts the closing sequence by detecting the waveform of the three-phase electronic voltage sensor, so that the relevant phase is closed at the peak value to suppress the transformer no-load inrush current. The permanent magnet mechanism adopts a dual-coil structure, including a moving iron core, a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet, a main control magnetizing coil, and a magnetically controlled auxiliary holding coil. The main control magnetizing coil is controlled by an IGBT drive circuit to achieve normal closing and opening actions. The magnetically controlled auxiliary holding coil is configured to assist the system in completing the opening action when the system is powered off or the controller is out of control.

[0011] Preferably, S2 includes: Intelligent detection includes an MCU microprocessor, voltage transformer, and electronic voltage sensor within the controller. The sensor bandwidth is ≥1kHz, and it can acquire three-phase grid voltage from 0-10000V, maintaining essentially no phase shift. A high-speed data acquisition card with a sampling frequency of 50kHz, 16-bit resolution, and 4 channels synchronously acquires and captures short-term bounce fluctuations (minimum 10μs level). The synchronous trigger module supports "closing / breaking command" level triggering (0-5V) to synchronously acquire the circuit breaker's input / output and voltage waveforms, avoiding time deviations. It detects the pre-breakdown voltage waveform of the vacuum interrupter, determining its physical characteristics such as bounce, synchronization, adhesion, and leakage. The MCU microprocessor within the controller then controls and triggers early warning signals. The phase selection control logic of the controller is as follows: the AC line voltage waveform on the power supply side of the system is detected by the voltage transformer, and the peak time of each phase voltage is calculated based on the phase difference relationship between the line voltage and the phase voltage; the peak time of the phase voltage is used as the target closing point to drive the permanent magnet mechanism to suppress the inrush current of the unloaded transformer; the controller also has an adaptive learning function, which automatically adjusts the closing drive timing of the next operation cycle according to the actual closing waveform fed back by the electronic voltage sensor.

[0012] Preferably, the main control magnetizing coil is driven by an IGBT bridge to achieve closing and opening control; wherein the magnetically controlled auxiliary holding coil performs demagnetization control to maintain the system opening after system crash or power failure; The controller's online judgment logic for the mechanical characteristics of the circuit breaker includes: Synchronization judgment: Collect the closing time of the three phases, and use the zero-crossing point or closing point of one phase as a reference to calculate the time deviation between the actual closing time of the other two phases and the theoretical time when they are 120° apart. When the electrical angle corresponding to the time deviation exceeds the preset threshold, it is judged as a synchronization fault; Bounce judgment: Monitor the voltage waveform during the closing process. If multiple short-term voltage drops or fluctuations are detected within the preset time window after the first voltage step, and the fluctuation interval is less than the set threshold, it is judged as contact bounce.

[0013] Preferably, the MCU microprocessor in the controller dynamically detects the energy storage voltage and magnetization capacity, and automatically discharges to 0.2mJ of safe energy for the explosion-proof mining equipment within a specified time after automatic power failure detection. The bandwidth of the electronic voltage sensor is not less than 1kHz, and the high-speed data acquisition module of the controller has a sampling frequency of not less than 50kHz, which is capable of capturing voltage fluctuations at the 10-microsecond level. The controller also includes a safety energy management module for dynamically detecting the energy storage voltage and is equipped with an automatic discharge circuit to release the stored energy to below 0.2mJ within a specified time after the system is powered off.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: This invention provides a mine-use intelligent phase-selective high-voltage vacuum permanent magnet circuit breaker and its control method; the intelligent phase-selective high-voltage vacuum permanent magnet circuit breaker includes a voltage transformer, a controller, an electronic voltage sensor, a vacuum interrupter, and a permanent magnet mechanism; This invention includes a high-voltage permanent magnet vacuum switch for use in explosion-proof mobile substations in mines, which suppresses the damage to equipment caused by inrush current generated when closing an unloaded transformer. Its controller uses an intelligent analysis controller with an MCU microprocessor to control the phase selection logic, closing the vacuum interrupter of any phase at the peak-to-peak power supply of the mobile substation, effectively suppressing the inrush current of the unloaded transformer. Test data verifies that this invention can effectively reduce the excitation current by 70%. It effectively prevents large-scale power outages caused by inrush current and effectively suppresses operational overvoltages. It also effectively prevents cascading trips, differential protection malfunctions, system crashes, and black screen / dead screen phenomena. Furthermore, it utilizes an electronic voltage sensor to monitor the bounce and synchronization of the vacuum interrupter. The online waveform detection of phase defects, adhesion, and air leakage, combined with waveform analysis by the MCU microprocessor within the controller, effectively solves the maintenance and repair problems under the harsh environment of underground coal mines. Further considering the interference from transformer excitation, harmonics, and frequency converters, an auxiliary magnetizing and holding coil is added to the magnetic cylinder, resolving the tripping loss-of-control phenomenon caused by system crashes or interference. Furthermore, the controller monitors the stored energy in real time, ensuring that the system meets the underground coal mine safety energy standard requirement of <0.2mJ after power failure. This intelligent phase-selective permanent magnet circuit breaker not only meets the explosion-proof standards for underground high-voltage energy storage components but also achieves multi-dimensional dynamic status monitoring and fault early warning. Traditional circuit breaker synchronization and bounce detection mostly rely on offline testing, requiring equipment shutdown and failing to reflect the actual operating status. Therefore, this study on an online synchronization detection method based on real-time voltage waveforms solves the problem of fixed parameter settings for phase selection closing devices and enables adaptive parameter adjustment. The phase selection technology overcomes the impact of excitation inrush current on the system in explosion-proof mobile substations used in coal mines, which is of great significance for improving the reliability of the power grid. It also solves problems such as slow response to energy storage failure and lack of backup tripping schemes for tripping faults. The intelligent detection and early warning system improves the safety and reliability of the underground power supply system.

[0015] The MCU microprocessor within the controller forms the core of the intelligent detection system. The phase selection technology of this intelligent phase-selective high-voltage vacuum permanent magnet circuit breaker effectively suppresses the inrush current during no-load closing in explosion-proof mobile substations. Through the MCU microprocessor in the core controller, equipment defects are processed and analyzed to achieve intelligent monitoring of the circuit breaker, including online self-diagnosis functions for circuit breaker bounce, synchronization, and lifespan, as well as alarms for vacuum interrupter adhesion and leakage protection faults. A high-frequency electronic voltage sensor is used to detect the pre-breakdown waveform characteristics of the vacuum interrupter, enabling online AC detection of bounce, synchronization, and phase. A dual-coil monostable permanent magnet mechanism design, through the main control magnetized closing and opening coils and the magnetically controlled auxiliary opening coil, ensures reliable operation under any conditions. The coordinated operation of the controller and electronic voltage sensor not only meets the explosion-proof standards for underground high-voltage energy storage components but also enables multi-dimensional dynamic monitoring and fault early warning. Traditional circuit breaker synchronization and bounce detection rely heavily on offline testing, requiring equipment shutdown and failing to reflect actual operating conditions. Therefore, this study investigates an online detection method based on real-time voltage waveforms. This solves the problem of fixed parameter settings for phase-selective closing devices and enables adaptive parameter adjustment. The phase-selective technology overcomes the impact of excitation inrush current on the system when closing an unloaded mine explosion-proof mobile substation in coal mines, which is of great significance for improving grid reliability. It also solves problems such as slow response to energy storage failures and lack of backup tripping schemes for tripping faults. The intelligent detection and early warning system improves the safety and reliability of the underground power supply system. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages: 1. Phase selection technology: Suppresses inrush current when closing the unloaded main transformer. By detecting the phase relationship of the standard voltage transformer, precise phase selection control is performed. By detecting the electronic voltage transformer, the three-phase phase relationship is automatically captured to ensure that the inrush current is reduced when closing the unloaded transformer, thus preventing the transformer inrush current from damaging upstream and downstream and control equipment.

[0016] 2. Intelligent and accurate early warning: It can perform online self-diagnosis of the mechanical characteristics of its own circuit breaker and detect the waveform changes of the electronic voltage transformer to realize the bouncing, synchronization, adhesion, and vacuum leakage of the vacuum interrupter, thus solving the problem of no need to go up to the surface for inspection in coal mines; 3. The uncontrolled tripping of the magnetically controlled auxiliary coil ensures that when the main control fails to trip due to harmonic interference or excitation interference in the control system, the magnetically controlled auxiliary coil automatically demagnetizes and trips; this is of great significance and has remarkable effects.

[0017] The intelligent phase-selective high-voltage vacuum permanent magnet circuit breaker and control method for mining described in this invention, along with other advantages, objectives, and features of this invention, will be partly apparent from the following description and partly understood by those skilled in the art through study and practice of this invention. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a diagram of an embodiment of the intelligent phase-selective high-voltage vacuum permanent magnet circuit breaker for mining described in this invention; Appendix Figure 1 Components indicated by the reference numerals: 1. Main frame of intelligent phase-selective high-voltage vacuum permanent magnet circuit breaker for mining; 2. Voltage transformer; 3. Magnetized capacitor; 4. Controller; 5. Electronic voltage sensor; 6. Permanent magnet mechanism; 7. Insulating sheath; 8. Vacuum interrupter.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of the phase selection logic of the intelligent phase-selecting high-voltage vacuum permanent magnet circuit breaker for mining as described in this invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a diagram of an embodiment of the permanent magnet mechanism of the intelligent phase-selective high-voltage vacuum permanent magnet circuit breaker for mining as described in this invention; Appendix Figure 3 The components indicated by the numbers are: 61. Moving iron core, 62. Top cover, 63. Magnetic cylinder barrel, 64. Neodymium iron boron permanent magnet, 65. Magnetic control auxiliary holding coil, 66. Main control magnetizing coil, 67. End cover.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a diagram of an embodiment of the control circuit for the intelligent phase-selective high-voltage vacuum permanent magnet circuit breaker for mining described in this invention; Appendix Figure 4 The components indicated by the reference numerals are: 51, Phase A electronic voltage sensor; 52, Phase B electronic voltage sensor; 53, Phase C electronic voltage sensor; 81, Phase A vacuum interrupter; 82, Phase B vacuum interrupter; 83, Phase C vacuum interrupter.

[0022] Figure 5 The waveform diagram of the permanent magnet mechanism of the intelligent phase-selecting high-voltage vacuum permanent magnet circuit breaker for mining described in this invention when the transformer A phase is selected; Figure 6 The excitation inrush current waveform of a 2000kVA transformer when the permanent magnet mechanism of the intelligent phase-selecting high-voltage vacuum permanent magnet circuit breaker for mining described in this invention is selected in phase A of the transformer. Figure 7 The waveform diagram of the permanent magnet mechanism of the intelligent phase-selecting high-voltage vacuum permanent magnet circuit breaker for mining described in this invention is a detection waveform diagram with phase A as the zero point. Figure 8 The excitation inrush current waveform diagram of the permanent magnet mechanism of the intelligent phase-selecting high-voltage vacuum permanent magnet circuit breaker for mining described in this invention is shown when the A phase of the transformer is zero and the 2000kVA transformer is closed. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can implement it based on the specification; for example Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides a mine-use intelligent phase-selective high-voltage vacuum permanent magnet circuit breaker, comprising: The main control magnetizing coil of the permanent magnet mechanism is controlled by the IGBT output within the controller, and the vacuum interrupter is driven by a mechanical linkage to achieve phase selection and closing. The magnetizing capacitor is charged and stored by the controller. The electronic voltage sensor is used to collect high-frequency waveform data of the three-phase output voltage. The controller configuration includes: performing phase selection and closing control based on the signal from the voltage transformer, and analyzing the bounce, synchronism, and vacuum status of the circuit breaker online based on the waveform data collected by the electronic voltage sensor. Combining the MCU microprocessor, voltage transformer, and electronic voltage sensor within the controller, an intelligent detection system is constructed to perform intelligent judgment on phase selection, bounce, synchronism, adhesion, and leakage by analyzing the waveform of the electronic voltage sensor. In one embodiment, intelligent phase selection control is performed based on an intelligent detection system. Using the inherent 30° phase difference between the AC line voltage and phase voltage as a reference, the three-phase voltage waveforms during the circuit breaker closing process are compared. Combined with the conversion relationship of 1ms corresponding to 18° electrical angle, the system voltage waveform is detected by a voltage transformer. The waveform of voltage transformer 2 is shaped into a positive half-wave with a 90° rising edge to trigger the closing command. The three-phase voltage waveform of the output electronic voltage sensor 5 is detected. The MCU microprocessor within the controller 4 compares the input AC reference waveform with the output waveform detected by the three-phase sensor, automatically adjusting the delay command to the system's three-phase peak value to suppress the inrush current during the no-load transformer closing process. From the attached... Figure 8 The waveform diagram shows that the inrush current wave was almost completely eliminated, and the effect of suppressing the inrush current when the unloaded transformer is closed is particularly significant.

[0024] The intelligent detection system uses electronic voltage transformer 5 to detect the waveforms of the three phases and calculates the three-phase synchronization, adhesion, and leakage of the permanent magnet vacuum circuit breaker; it calculates the time deviation between the actual closing time of each phase and the ideal synchronization point (phase A zero point, phase B 120°, phase C 240°); using the ideal closing time of phase A (t0, corresponding to the voltage zero crossing point) as a benchmark, it calculates the synchronization deviation based on conversion relationships: 1. Time Deviation Calculation: Calculate the time difference between the actual closing time of phase B and phase C and the ideal reference point using the following formula: 2. Electrical Angle Deviation Conversion: Based on 1ms = 18°, the time deviation is converted into a synchronous electrical angle deviation, calculated using the following formula: 3. Concurrency determination: If | |≤18°, and| |≤18°, the circuit breaker is deemed to have qualified synchronization; if the deviation exceeds the threshold, it is deemed to have abnormal synchronization, and an early warning is issued for further inspection. The intelligent aspect lies in the data judgment of three-phase AC power. An online bounce detection method based on voltage waveform analysis is proposed: Circuit breaker bounce is the phenomenon of "multiple contact-separation" of contacts during closing or "multiple separation-contact" during opening, which causes high-frequency, short-duration switching fluctuations in the voltage waveform (distinct from the single waveform abrupt change during normal closing). Combining "time-electrical angle conversion" (1ms = 18°), bounce is determined by the following two points: 1. Waveform characteristics: Normal closing / opening only produces one voltage change; during bounce, there will be two or more "change-recovery-change" fluctuations within 5ms after the first change (because the contact bounce time is usually 1-2ms, corresponding to 18-36° electrical angle). 2. Time threshold: If the time interval between two consecutive voltage jumps is ≤1 / 18ms (corresponding to 1° electrical angle), it is determined as a bouncing event; Based on intelligent analysis: its intelligent circuit breaker's bounce and synchronization detection are used in synergy; Hardware reuse: shared voltage sensor, high-speed acquisition module, and triggering system, no additional equipment is required, reducing costs; Data linkage: synchronization deviation and bounce data can be collected synchronously, for example, "synchronization deviation 1° + closing bounce 2ms", to comprehensively evaluate the mechanical performance of the circuit breaker (a large bounce will aggravate the synchronization deviation); Judgment criteria: referring to industry standards, if the total bounce time is >3ms (corresponding to 54°) or the synchronization deviation is >18° (corresponding to 1ms), equipment maintenance warning needs to be triggered.

[0025] In one embodiment, the permanent magnet mechanism, as shown in the attached... Figure 3 It has an embedded 64 neodymium iron boron permanent magnet for permanent holding of the moving iron core; a 66 main control magnetizing coil for closing and opening control; and a 65 magnetically controlled auxiliary holding coil for circuit breaker demagnetization and undervoltage control.

[0026] The circuit breaker comprises a vacuum interrupter 8, a permanent magnet mechanism 6, a voltage transformer 2, an electronic voltage sensor 5, and a controller 4. The vacuum interrupter 8 is nested within an insulating sheath 7. The controller 4 controls the main control magnetizing coil 66 of the permanent magnet mechanism 6 via IGBT output, and drives the vacuum interrupter 8 through a mechanical linkage to achieve phase selection and closing. The magnetizing capacitor 3 is charged and stored by the controller 4. The controller 4 is electrically connected to the voltage transformer 2, the electronic voltage sensor 5, and the permanent magnet mechanism 6. The electronic voltage sensor 5 is located on the load side of the vacuum interrupter 8 and is used to collect high-frequency waveform data of the three-phase output voltage. The controller 4 is configured to: perform phase selection and closing control based on the signal from the voltage transformer 2; and analyze the circuit breaker's bounce, synchronicity, and vacuum status online based on the waveform data collected by the electronic voltage sensor 5. An intelligent detection system is constructed to analyze the waveform of the electronic voltage sensor and intelligently judge phase selection, bounce, synchronicity, adhesion, and leakage.

[0027] One embodiment: The waveform of the AC system line voltage is determined by a voltage transformer, and the line voltage differs from the phase voltage by a specific phase difference. The waveform is shaped by a controller, and a rising edge triggering reference is used to drive the permanent magnet mechanism for closing control. The controller also has an autonomous learning function, which automatically adjusts the closing sequence by detecting the waveform of the three-phase electronic voltage sensor, so that the relevant phase is closed at the peak value to suppress the transformer no-load inrush current. The permanent magnet mechanism 6 adopts a dual-coil structure, including a moving iron core 61, a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet 64, a main control magnetizing coil 66, and a magnetically controlled auxiliary holding coil 65. The main control magnetizing coil 66 is controlled by an IGBT drive circuit to achieve normal closing and opening actions. The magnetically controlled auxiliary holding coil 65 is configured to assist the system in completing the opening action when the system is powered off or the controller is out of control.

[0028] One example: An intelligent detection system includes an MCU microprocessor within the controller, a voltage transformer, and an electronic voltage sensor with a bandwidth ≥1kHz. It acquires three-phase grid voltage from 0-10000V, maintaining essentially no phase shift. A high-speed data acquisition card with a sampling frequency of 50kHz, 16-bit resolution, and 4 channels synchronously acquires and captures short-term bounce fluctuations (minimum 10μs level). A synchronization trigger module supports "closing / breaking command" level triggering (0-5V) to synchronously acquire the circuit breaker's input / output and voltage waveforms, avoiding time deviations. It detects the pre-breakdown voltage waveform of the vacuum interrupter, determines its physical characteristics such as bounce, synchronization, adhesion, and leakage, and controls the triggering of early warning signals via the MCU microprocessor within the controller. The phase selection control logic of the controller 4 is as follows: the AC line voltage waveform on the power supply side of the system is detected by the voltage transformer 2, and the peak time of each phase voltage is calculated based on the phase difference relationship between the line voltage and the phase voltage; the peak time of the phase voltage is used as the target closing point to drive the permanent magnet mechanism to suppress the inrush current of the unloaded transformer; the controller also has an adaptive learning function, which automatically adjusts the closing drive timing of the next operation cycle according to the actual closing waveform fed back by the electronic voltage sensor 5.

[0029] Preferably, the permanent magnet mechanism is used, wherein the main control magnetizing coil is driven by an IGBT bridge to achieve closing and opening control; wherein the magnetically controlled auxiliary holding coil performs demagnetization control to maintain the system opening after system failure or power failure; The online judgment logic of the controller 4 for the mechanical characteristics of the circuit breaker includes: Synchronization judgment: Collect the closing time of the three phases, and use the zero crossing point or closing point of one phase as a reference to calculate the time deviation between the actual closing time of the other two phases and the theoretical time when they are 120° apart. When the electrical angle corresponding to the time deviation exceeds the preset threshold, it is judged as a synchronization fault; Bounce judgment: Monitor the voltage waveform during the closing process. If multiple short-term voltage drops or fluctuations are detected within the preset time window after the first voltage step, and the fluctuation interval is less than the set threshold, it is judged as contact bounce.

[0030] One embodiment: The MCU microprocessor in the controller dynamically detects the energy storage voltage and magnetization capacity, and automatically discharges to 0.2mJ of safe energy for the explosion-proof mining equipment within a specified time after automatic power failure detection; The electronic voltage sensor 5 has a bandwidth of not less than 1kHz, and the high-speed data acquisition module of the controller has a sampling frequency of not less than 50kHz, which is capable of capturing voltage fluctuations at the 10-microsecond level. The controller also includes a safety energy management module for dynamically detecting the energy storage voltage and is equipped with an automatic discharge circuit to release the stored energy to below 0.2mJ within a specified time after the system is powered off.

[0031] The present invention provides a control method for a mine-use intelligent phase-selective high-voltage vacuum permanent magnet circuit breaker, comprising the following steps: S1: An electronic voltage sensor 5 is installed on the load side of the vacuum interrupter 8 to collect high-frequency waveform data of the three-phase output voltage; S2: The controller 4 is configured to perform phase selection and closing control based on the signal from the voltage transformer 2, and to analyze the circuit breaker's bounce, synchronicity, and vacuum status online based on the waveform data collected by the electronic voltage sensor 5. S3: Construct an intelligent detection system to analyze the waveform of electronic voltage sensors and make intelligent judgments on phase selection, bounce, synchronization, adhesion, and leakage.

[0032] One embodiment: In step S1, the waveform of the AC system line voltage is determined by a voltage transformer. The line voltage and phase voltage have a specific phase difference relationship. The waveform is shaped by a controller, and the rising edge triggering reference is used to drive the permanent magnet mechanism for closing control. The controller also has an autonomous learning function. By detecting the waveform of the three-phase electronic voltage sensor, it automatically adjusts the closing sequence so that the relevant phase is closed at the peak value of a certain phase, suppressing the transformer no-load inrush current. The permanent magnet mechanism 6 adopts a dual-coil structure, including a moving iron core 61, a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet 64, a main control magnetizing coil 66, and a magnetically controlled auxiliary holding coil 65. The main control magnetizing coil 66 is controlled by an IGBT drive circuit to achieve normal closing and opening actions. The magnetically controlled auxiliary holding coil 65 is configured to assist the system in completing the opening action when the system is powered off or the controller is out of control.

[0033] One embodiment: S2 includes: Intelligent detection includes an MCU microprocessor, voltage transformer, and electronic voltage sensor within the controller. The sensor bandwidth is ≥1kHz, and it can acquire three-phase grid voltage from 0-10000V, maintaining essentially no phase shift. A high-speed data acquisition card with a sampling frequency of 50kHz, 16-bit resolution, and 4 channels synchronously acquires and captures short-term bounce fluctuations (minimum 10μs level). The synchronous trigger module supports "closing / breaking command" level triggering (0-5V) to synchronously acquire the circuit breaker's input / output and voltage waveforms, avoiding time deviations. It detects the pre-breakdown voltage waveform of the vacuum interrupter, determining its physical characteristics such as bounce, synchronization, adhesion, and leakage. The MCU microprocessor within the controller then controls and triggers early warning signals. The phase selection control logic of the controller 4 is as follows: the AC line voltage waveform on the power supply side of the system is detected by the voltage transformer 2, and the peak time of each phase voltage is calculated based on the phase difference relationship between the line voltage and the phase voltage; the peak time of the phase voltage is used as the target closing point to drive the permanent magnet mechanism to suppress the inrush current of the unloaded transformer; the controller also has an adaptive learning function, which automatically adjusts the closing drive timing of the next operation cycle according to the actual closing waveform fed back by the electronic voltage sensor 5.

[0034] One embodiment: The main control magnetizing coil is driven by an IGBT bridge to achieve closing and opening control; wherein the magnetically controlled auxiliary holding coil performs demagnetization control to maintain the system opening after system crash or power failure; The online judgment logic of the controller 4 for the mechanical characteristics of the circuit breaker includes: Synchronization judgment: Collect the closing time of the three phases, and use the zero crossing point or closing point of one phase as a reference to calculate the time deviation between the actual closing time of the other two phases and the theoretical time when they are 120° apart. When the electrical angle corresponding to the time deviation exceeds the preset threshold, it is judged as a synchronization fault; Bounce judgment: Monitor the voltage waveform during the closing process. If multiple short-term voltage drops or fluctuations are detected within the preset time window after the first voltage step, and the fluctuation interval is less than the set threshold, it is judged as contact bounce.

[0035] One embodiment: The MCU microprocessor in the controller dynamically detects the energy storage voltage and magnetization capacity, and automatically discharges to 0.2mJ of safe energy for the explosion-proof mining equipment within a specified time after automatic power failure detection; The electronic voltage sensor 5 has a bandwidth of not less than 1kHz, and the high-speed data acquisition module of the controller has a sampling frequency of not less than 50kHz, which is capable of capturing voltage fluctuations at the 10-microsecond level. The controller also includes a safety energy management module for dynamically detecting the energy storage voltage and is equipped with an automatic discharge circuit to release the stored energy to below 0.2mJ within a specified time after the system is powered off.

[0036] One example: Intelligent phase selection closing control; the controller acquires the AC line voltage waveform on the power supply side through a voltage transformer. Utilizing the inherent characteristic that the AC line voltage leads the phase voltage by 30° (and the conversion relationship of 1ms corresponding to 18° electrical angle), and the relationship between line voltage and phase voltage, the controller calculates the peak time of each phase voltage; Control logic: It not only closes the circuit at the zero-crossing point of the voltage, but also precisely controls the permanent magnet mechanism to close at the peak of the phase voltage. This precise control prevents the transformer flux from becoming biased and suppresses the inrush current to the lowest level. The controller has an intelligent adaptive learning function. By comparing the time of issuing the closing command with the actual conduction time detected by the electronic voltage sensor, it automatically corrects the closing advance for the next operation.

[0037] One example: runaway safety assurance based on multi-coil redundancy and forced discharge; Multi-coil physical structure: The permanent magnet mechanism 6 integrates a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet 64 for position holding, and is equipped with a main control magnetizing coil 66 and a magnetically controlled auxiliary holding coil 65; Hardware redundant tripping: Normal operation is completed by the main control magnetizing coil 66; when the underground frequency converter or harmonics cause the controller 4 to crash or the power supply to be interrupted, the magnetically controlled auxiliary coil 65 forcibly drives the moving iron core 61 to operate through physical demagnetization logic, ensuring reliable tripping of the system; Physical energy discharge: The controller 4 has a built-in independent safety energy management hardware module that monitors the status of the magnetizing capacitor 3 in real time; Automatic energy limiting mechanism: When a system power failure is detected, the hardware discharge circuit will be quickly activated to reduce the energy in the magnetizing capacitor to below the set safety energy threshold (such as 0.2mJ) within a specified time, thereby achieving mine explosion-proof safety risk prevention; preventing the risk of electric spark explosion during maintenance; solving the physical risks of underground circuit breakers failing to trip under extreme interference and unsafe energy storage in coal mines, and achieving inherent safety of the hardware structure.

[0038] One example: Integrated sensor layout and high-frequency sensing capabilities address the pain point of requiring downhole equipment to be brought to the surface for inspection, enabling non-invasive physical condition monitoring; a high-frequency electronic voltage sensor 5 is directly installed on the load side of the vacuum interrupter 8 for sensor physical integration; in conjunction with a high-speed data acquisition card, high-frequency sampling (50kHz) of the output voltage waveform is achieved to capture minute waveform fluctuations; when physical adhesion occurs inside the vacuum interrupter 8 or the vacuum level decreases due to leakage, the pre-breakdown waveform characteristics at the moment of closing change, forming a pre-breakdown high-frequency waveform feature; the controller 4 issues intelligent early warnings of vacuum leakage or contact adhesion based on the pre-breakdown high-frequency waveform features (such as the number and interval of voltage steps) acquired by the high-frequency electronic voltage sensor and the high-speed data acquisition card; performance evaluation can be completed without disassembling and bringing the circuit breaker to the surface, greatly improving maintenance efficiency.

[0039] Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. They can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. Other modifications can be easily made by those skilled in the art. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A mining intelligent phase-selective high-voltage vacuum permanent magnet circuit breaker, characterized in that, include: Vacuum interrupter (8), permanent magnet mechanism (6), voltage transformer (2), electronic voltage sensor (5), controller (4), and magnetizing capacitor (3); the vacuum interrupter (8) is nested in an insulating sheath (7), and the main control magnetizing coil (66) of the permanent magnet mechanism (6) is controlled by the output of the IGBT in the controller (4), and the vacuum interrupter (8) is driven by a mechanical linkage to achieve phase selection and closing; the magnetizing capacitor (3) is controlled by the controller (4) to charge and store energy; the controller (4) is electrically connected to the voltage transformer (2), the electronic voltage sensor (5) and the permanent magnet mechanism (6) respectively; the electronic voltage sensor (5) is set on the load side of the vacuum interrupter (8) and is used to collect high-frequency waveform data of the three-phase output voltage; The controller (4) is configured to: perform phase selection and closing control based on the signal from the voltage transformer (2), and analyze the bounce, synchronism and vacuum status of the circuit breaker online based on the waveform data collected by the electronic voltage sensor (5); construct an intelligent detection system to analyze the waveform of the electronic voltage sensor and make intelligent judgments on phase selection, bounce, synchronism, adhesion and leakage. The intelligent detection system includes a voltage transformer, an electronic voltage sensor, a high-speed data acquisition card, and an MCU microprocessor within the controller. The electronic voltage sensor has a bandwidth of ≥1kHz, can acquire three-phase grid voltage from 0-10000V, and maintains essentially no phase shift. The high-speed data acquisition card has a sampling frequency of 50kHz, a resolution of 16 bits, and 4 channels for synchronous acquisition; it captures short-term bounce fluctuations and synchronization moments; it synchronously acquires the input / output and voltage waveforms of the circuit breaker to avoid time deviations; the trigger module supports "closing / breaking commands" with a level trigger of 0-5V; the MCU microprocessor within the controller detects the pre-breakdown voltage waveform of the vacuum interrupter, determines its physical characteristics such as bounce, synchronization, adhesion, and leakage, and controls and triggers early warning signals accordingly. The phase selection control logic of the controller (4) is as follows: the AC line voltage waveform on the power supply side of the system is detected by the voltage transformer (2), and the peak time of each phase voltage is calculated based on the phase difference relationship between the line voltage and the phase voltage; the peak time of the phase voltage is used as the target closing point to drive the permanent magnet mechanism to suppress the inrush current of the unloaded transformer; the controller also has an adaptive learning function, and automatically adjusts the closing drive timing of the next operation cycle according to the actual closing waveform fed back by the electronic voltage sensor (5); The permanent magnet mechanism uses an IGBT bridge-driven main control magnetizing coil to achieve closing and opening control; the magnetically controlled auxiliary holding coil uses demagnetization control to maintain the system's open state after system failure or power outage. The controller (4) includes the following online judgment logic for the mechanical characteristics of the circuit breaker: Synchronization judgment: Collect the closing time of the three phases, take the zero crossing point or closing point of one phase as the reference, calculate the time deviation between the actual closing time of the other two phases and the theoretical time difference of 120°, and when the electrical angle corresponding to the time deviation exceeds the preset threshold, it is judged as a synchronization fault; Bounce judgment: Monitor the voltage waveform during the closing process. If multiple short-term voltage drops or fluctuations are detected within the preset time window after the first voltage step, and the fluctuation interval is less than the set threshold, it is judged as contact bounce.

2. The intelligent phase-selective high-voltage vacuum permanent magnet circuit breaker for mining as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The waveform of the AC system line voltage and the phase difference relationship between the line voltage and the phase voltage are determined by the voltage transformer. The waveform is shaped by the controller and the rising edge triggering reference is adopted to drive the permanent magnet mechanism for closing control. The controller also has an autonomous learning function. By detecting the waveform of the electronic voltage sensor, it automatically adjusts the closing sequence so that the closing and closing are at the peak of a certain phase, thus suppressing the transformer no-load excitation inrush current. The permanent magnet mechanism (6) adopts a dual coil structure, including a moving iron core (61), a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet (64), a main control magnetizing coil (66), and a magnetically controlled auxiliary holding coil (65). The main control magnetizing coil (66) is controlled by the IGBT drive circuit to realize normal closing and opening actions. The magnetically controlled auxiliary holding coil (65) is configured to assist the system in completing the opening action when the system is powered off or the controller is out of control.

3. The intelligent phase-selective high-voltage vacuum permanent magnet circuit breaker for mining as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The MCU microprocessor inside the controller dynamically detects the energy storage voltage and magnetization capacity. At the same time, after automatic power failure, it automatically discharges to a level not exceeding the safe energy of the explosion-proof mining equipment within a specified time. The bandwidth of the electronic voltage sensor (5) is not less than 1kHz, and the sampling frequency of the high-speed data acquisition module matched with the controller is not less than 50kHz, which has the ability to capture voltage fluctuations at the 10 microsecond level; the controller also includes a safe energy management module, which is used to dynamically detect the energy storage voltage and is equipped with an automatic discharge circuit to release the energy storage energy to below the safe energy level within a specified time after the system is powered off. The safe energy level includes 0.2 mJ.

4. A control method for a mine-use intelligent phase-selective high-voltage vacuum permanent magnet circuit breaker, characterized in that, The control method for the intelligent phase-selective high-voltage vacuum permanent magnet circuit breaker for mining according to any one of claims 1-3 includes the following steps: S1: An electronic voltage sensor (5) is installed on the load side of the vacuum interrupter (8) to collect high-frequency waveform data of the three-phase output voltage; S2: The controller (4) is configured to perform phase selection and closing control based on the signal from the voltage transformer (2), and to analyze the bounce, synchronicity and vacuum status of the circuit breaker online based on the waveform data collected by the electronic voltage sensor (5). S3: Construct an intelligent detection system to analyze the waveform of electronic voltage sensors and make intelligent judgments on phase selection, bounce, synchronization, adhesion, and leakage; S2 includes: intelligent detection, including voltage transformers, electronic voltage sensors, high-speed data acquisition cards, and an MCU microprocessor within the controller; the electronic voltage sensor has a bandwidth ≥1kHz, and can acquire three-phase grid voltage from 0-10000V, maintaining essentially no phase shift; the high-speed data acquisition card has a sampling frequency of 50kHz, a resolution of 16 bits, and 4 channels for synchronous acquisition; it captures short-term bounce fluctuations and synchronization moments; it synchronously acquires the input / output and voltage waveforms of the circuit breaker to avoid time deviation; the trigger module supports "closing / breaking commands," with a level trigger of 0-5V; the MCU microprocessor within the controller detects the pre-breakdown voltage waveform of the vacuum interrupter, determines its physical characteristics of bounce, synchronization, adhesion, and leakage, and controls and triggers early warning signals. The phase selection control logic of the controller (4) is as follows: the AC line voltage waveform on the power supply side of the system is detected by the voltage transformer (2), and the peak time of each phase voltage is calculated based on the phase difference relationship between the line voltage and the phase voltage; the peak time of the phase voltage is used as the target closing point to drive the permanent magnet mechanism to suppress the inrush current of the unloaded transformer; the controller also has an adaptive learning function, and automatically adjusts the closing drive timing of the next operation cycle according to the actual closing waveform fed back by the electronic voltage sensor (5); The permanent magnet mechanism includes a main control magnetizing coil driven by an IGBT bridge to achieve closing and opening control; the magnetically controlled auxiliary holding coil maintains the system's open circuit by demagnetization control after system failure or power outage. The controller (4) includes the following online judgment logic for the mechanical characteristics of the circuit breaker: Synchronization judgment: Collect the closing time of the three phases, take the zero crossing point or closing point of one phase as the reference, calculate the time deviation between the actual closing time of the other two phases and the theoretical time difference of 120°, and when the electrical angle corresponding to the time deviation exceeds the preset threshold, it is judged as a synchronization fault; Bounce judgment: Monitor the voltage waveform during the closing process. If multiple short-term voltage drops or fluctuations are detected within the preset time window after the first voltage step, and the fluctuation interval is less than the set threshold, it is judged as contact bounce.

5. The control method for a mine-use intelligent phase-selective high-voltage vacuum permanent magnet circuit breaker according to claim 4, characterized in that, As described in step S1 above, the waveform of the AC system line voltage is determined by the voltage transformer. The line voltage and phase voltage have a specific phase difference relationship. The waveform is shaped by the controller, and the rising edge triggering reference is adopted to drive the permanent magnet mechanism for closing control. The controller also has an autonomous learning function. By detecting the waveform of the three-phase electronic voltage sensor, it automatically adjusts the closing sequence so that the relevant phase is closed at the peak value of a certain phase, thus suppressing the transformer no-load excitation inrush current. The permanent magnet mechanism (6) adopts a dual coil structure, including a moving iron core (61), a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet (64), a main control magnetizing coil (66), and a magnetically controlled auxiliary holding coil (65). The main control magnetizing coil (66) is controlled by the IGBT drive circuit to realize normal closing and opening actions. The magnetically controlled auxiliary holding coil (65) is configured to assist the system in completing the opening action when the system is powered off or the controller is out of control.

6. The control method for a mine-use intelligent phase-selective high-voltage vacuum permanent magnet circuit breaker according to claim 4, characterized in that, The MCU microprocessor inside the controller dynamically detects the energy storage voltage and magnetization capacity, and automatically discharges to 0.2mJ of safe energy for explosion-proof mining equipment within a specified time after automatic power failure detection. The bandwidth of the electronic voltage sensor (5) is not less than 1kHz, and the sampling frequency of the high-speed data acquisition module matched with the controller is not less than 50kHz, which has the ability to capture voltage fluctuations at the 10 microsecond level. The controller also includes a safety energy management module for dynamically detecting the energy storage voltage and is equipped with an automatic discharge circuit to release the energy storage energy to below 0.2mJ within a specified time after the system is powered off.

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