Downhole-ground data bidirectional high-efficiency transmission method under small-volume flushing fluid condition

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of drilling data transmission, and discloses a downhole-ground data bidirectional efficient transmission method under the condition of small displacement flushing fluid, which realizes the continuous and complete transmission of the same service block across the carrier, the clear path switching boundary, the downhole-ground bidirectional interactive closed loop execution under the condition of the non-stationary fluctuation of the double carrier link caused by the small displacement flushing fluid, and improves the reliability and efficiency of data transmission. The present application first acquires service messages and double carrier link states and divides the service blocks, organizes the cross-carrier incremental redundancy of the service blocks, sets the resume anchor points to generate a transmission template set, then determines the execution template and the resume trigger judgment through the multi-agent non-stationary context combination Thompson sampling model, and finally sends the service blocks according to the template and constructs the reverse service blocks to complete the transmission. The present application scheme adapts to the complex working conditions of small displacement flushing fluid and meets the bidirectional data interaction demand of drilling operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of drilling data transmission technology, specifically to a method for efficient bidirectional data transmission between downhole and surface under conditions of low-volume flushing fluid. Background Technology

[0002] In downhole drilling, measurement while drilling, surface monitoring, and downhole tool control operations, continuous data and command exchange is required between the downhole and the surface. This exchange includes both uplink information such as downhole measurement parameters, operating conditions, and tool attitude, and downlink information such as control commands, parameter adjustment instructions, and execution confirmations issued from the surface. Therefore, the transmission process is typically bidirectional, continuous, and time-sensitive.

[0003] For drilling operations using low-volume flushing fluids, the flow rate is low, and the downhole-to-surface transmission environment varies significantly with the operation. Pressure pulse carriers are easily affected by changes in flow rate, pressure loss, and propagation conditions, while drill pipe vibration carriers are related to the drill string structure, contact conditions, and operational disturbances. The availability of both exhibits time-varying characteristics. In such scenarios, the communication problem is not merely whether a single link can function, but also whether a specific business message can be fully received, correctly interpreted, and further processed into a closed-loop result for surface control or downhole execution at the current operational moment.

[0004] In existing downhole-to-surface transmission technologies, a common method is to use pressure pulses to transmit downhole measurement data uplink and then monitor the working condition via surface analysis. In scenarios requiring bidirectional interaction, some solutions use pressure pulses, drill pipe vibrations, or other physical carriers to handle the transmission of messages in different directions or of different types. Other solutions assess the quality of available carriers based on link status such as current amplitude, arrival status, interruption status, or acknowledgment delay, and select a transmission channel before sending, or establish a fixed division of labor between channels. For abnormal situations during transmission, existing systems typically combine acknowledgment mechanisms, retransmission mechanisms, packet splitting mechanisms, or simple channel switching rules to complete message delivery, achieving basic communication functions such as uploading downhole measurement information, issuing surface commands, and confirming transmission results.

[0005] However, most existing solutions focus on selecting or assigning tasks based on "carrier channels," failing to establish cross-carrier organizational relationships centered on "continuous completion of the same business block." Especially under low-volume flushing fluid conditions, the dual-carrier state exhibits non-stationary fluctuations. If fixed routing before transmission and retransmission or complete block retransmission after failure are still employed, it becomes difficult to maintain continuous connection between the transmitted and untransmitted portions at the same business block level, and the timing of path switching is also difficult to reliably define within the business block. The resulting impact is that while a business message can be split and sent, it may not form a directly interpretable and executable complete business block at the current operational moment, thus affecting the closed-loop connection of the downhole-surface control and feedback chain, consequently impacting operational safety and efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a method for efficient bidirectional data transmission between downhole and surface under the condition of low-volume flushing fluid. Under the condition that low-volume flushing fluid causes non-stationary fluctuations in the dual-carrier link, this method enables continuous and complete transmission of the same business block across carriers, with clear path switching boundaries and executable bidirectional interactive closed loop between downhole and surface, thereby improving the reliability and efficiency of data transmission.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows:

[0008] A method for efficient bidirectional data transmission between downhole and surface under low-volume flushing fluid conditions includes the following steps:

[0009] S1. Obtain the current business message and dual-carrier link status, and divide the business message into blocks according to the transmission direction to form a business block;

[0010] S2. Perform cross-carrier incremental redundancy organization on the service block, determine the main transmission path and the continuation path between the pressure pulse and the drill pipe vibration, divide the service block into the main segment and the continuation segment, and write the continuation anchor point in the main segment to form a transmission template set. The continuation anchor point is used to limit the switching position of the service block from the main transmission path to the continuation path.

[0011] S3. Extract the context state corresponding to the service block from the dual-carrier link state, input the context state into the multi-agent non-stationary context combination Thompson sampling model, perform combined sampling of the transmission template set around the resume anchor point, determine the execution template, and output the resume trigger judgment.

[0012] S4. Send the service block according to the execution template. When the retransmission trigger determines that the switching conditions are met, switch the main body segment from the main transmission path to the retransmission path according to the retransmission anchor point and complete the transmission of the continuation segment. When the retransmission trigger determines that the switching conditions are not met, complete the transmission of the service block along the main transmission path to form a complete service block.

[0013] S5. Identify the transmission direction of the complete service block, parse it to generate the corresponding ground control requirements or downhole execution instructions, and form a control service block;

[0014] S6. Construct a reverse service block based on the control service block, call the transmission template set, context state, execution template and resume anchor point to perform cross-carrier transmission on the reverse service block, output execution confirmation and form a bidirectional transmission result.

[0015] In this solution, a full-process transmission system is constructed with service blocks as the core unit. By performing cross-carrier incremental redundancy organization on service blocks before transmission, and pre-binding the main transmission path, continuation path, main body segment, continuation segment, and continuation anchor point to form a structured transmission template set, the existing passive whole-block retransmission and temporary routing remediation method after transmission failure is moved forward to an active pre-configuration mechanism with cross-carrier continuation capability before transmission. This fundamentally avoids service block splitting and transmission data failure caused by dual-carrier fluctuations. At the same time, a multi-agent non-stationary context combination Thompson sampling model is used to sample transmission template combinations around the continuation anchor point, shifting the decision object from the traditional single-channel optimization. The process shifts to template selection, precisely defining the timing and boundaries of path switching within the service block, rather than random switching at the link or session layer. The transmission process strictly adheres to the continuation anchor point, splicing the main segment and the continuation segment, maintaining the same service block number and boundaries throughout. There is no re-segmentation, resampling, or reconstruction of retransmission relationships, ensuring continuous and complete delivery of service blocks even under non-stationary fluctuations in dual-carrier systems with low-volume flushing fluid. Furthermore, direction recognition generates directly executable control service blocks, and the entire template and decision logic are reused to complete the transmission and execution confirmation of reverse service blocks, ultimately improving the stability, reliability, and transmission efficiency of downhole-to-surface bidirectional data transmission.

[0016] Furthermore, step S1 specifically includes:

[0017] S11. Obtain the current business message, identify the transmission direction of the current business message, and classify the current business message into a business message from underground to the surface or a business message from the surface to underground based on the business content;

[0018] S12. Obtain the dual-carrier link status corresponding to the current business message at that time, and form pressure pulse link status and drill pipe vibration link status according to the carrier, so that the dual-carrier link status corresponds to the same sending time as the current business message;

[0019] S13. Divide the current service message into continuous blocks according to the transmission direction and the preset service block length boundary, and determine the service block type, service block length and service block position for each service block according to the order in the current service message;

[0020] S14. Associate each service block with the transmission direction, pressure pulse link status, and drill pipe vibration link status to form a service block input with context.

[0021] Furthermore, step S2 specifically includes:

[0022] S21. Input the service block and dual-carrier link status into the transmission template set mapping layer, read the pressure pulse link status and drill pipe vibration link status according to the transmission direction, and determine the main transmission path based on the current amplitude level, recent arrival ratio, number of consecutive interruptions, acknowledgment interval, current proportion of transmittable segments and continuous delivery trend, and determine the other carrier as the continuation path.

[0023] S22. Based on the continuous carrying capacity of the main transmission path at the current transmission time, perform cross-carrier incremental redundancy organization on the service block, divide the part of the service block initially undertaken by the main transmission path into the main body segment, and divide the part of the service block continued to be undertaken by the follow-up path into the continuation segment.

[0024] S23. Write the resume anchor point in the main body section and limit the resume anchor point to the switching position within the main body section;

[0025] S24. Based on the position of the continuation anchor point in the main segment (preceding, middle, following, and ending), construct early switching templates, middle switching templates, late switching templates, and full main transmission templates for the same service block.

[0026] S25. Bind the main download path, continuation path, main body section, continuation section, and continuation anchor point in each template one by one;

[0027] S26. Perform directional constraint verification on each transmission template according to the transmission direction, remove transmission templates that are inconsistent with the current transmission direction, and form a transmission template set by combining the transmission templates that satisfy the transmission direction constraints.

[0028] S27. Associate the service block type, service block length, and service block location with the transport template set.

[0029] Furthermore, the multi-agent non-stationary context combination Thompson sampling model includes: an input layer, a context encoding layer, a pressure pulse decision agent, a drill pipe vibration decision agent, a transmission template set mapping layer, a combination sampling layer, and a decision output layer;

[0030] The input layer is used to receive a sixteen-dimensional context state vector composed of four-dimensional service block features and twelve-dimensional dual-carrier link state features. The input layer is set with sixteen neurons, which correspond one-to-one with the sixteen-dimensional vector.

[0031] The context coding layer is configured with twenty-four neurons to compress a sixteen-dimensional vector into a context representation for business block continuation determination, and to send the context representation into the pressure pulse decision body and the drill pipe vibration decision body.

[0032] Both the pressure pulse decision-making body and the drill pipe vibration decision-making body are set with a 12-neuron hidden layer and an 8-neuron output layer. The eight output neurons are divided into a four-dimensional template gain vector and a four-dimensional template fluctuation vector. The pressure pulse decision-making body and the drill pipe vibration decision-making body respectively give template gain and template fluctuation for the four transmission templates in the context of the main transmission path and the continuation path, switch the decision object from the carrier to the transmission template, and incorporate the continuation anchor point into the model.

[0033] The transmission template set mapping layer is configured with four template neurons, which correspond one-to-one with four transmission templates. Each template neuron is written with the main transmission path, the continuation path, and the continuation anchor point position. Template neurons that do not meet the current transmission direction constraints do not participate in the combined sampling.

[0034] The combined sampling layer is configured with four combined neurons, which respectively receive the template gain vector and template fluctuation vector output by the pressure pulse decision body, the template gain vector and template fluctuation vector output by the drill pipe vibration decision body, and the template constraint corresponding to the transmission template set mapping layer, and generate four template sampling values.

[0035] The decision output layer is configured with five neurons, of which four execution template neurons correspond to four transmission templates and are used to output the selected execution template; one continuation trigger decision neuron is used to output the continuation trigger decision on whether the current service block meets the continuation switching conditions, so that the service block, main transmission path, continuation path and continuation anchor point are transmitted to the execution template and continuation trigger decision along the same computing link, realizing the combined sampling of transmission templates by the dual decision bodies.

[0036] Furthermore, step S3 specifically includes:

[0037] S31. Extract the context state based on the service block and dual-carrier link state, and combine the transmission direction, service block type, service block length and service block position with the pressure pulse link state and drill pipe vibration link state;

[0038] S32. Input the context state into the input layer of the multi-agent non-stationary context combination Thompson sampling model, and compress and encode the context state by the context encoding layer to form a context representation for business block continuation decision;

[0039] S33. The context representation is fed into the pressure pulse decision body and the drill pipe vibration decision body respectively, so that the pressure pulse decision body generates the template income and template fluctuation of each transmission template around the context related to the main transmission path, and the drill pipe vibration decision body generates the template income and template fluctuation of each transmission template around the context related to the continuation path, and does not directly output the carrier selection result.

[0040] S34. Send the transmission template set into the transmission template set mapping layer, so that cross-carrier incremental redundant hybrid retransmission is written into the transmission template set mapping layer as a structured action space, and write the main transmission path, continuation path and continuation anchor point position for the early switching template, mid-switching template, late switching template and full main transmission template respectively, and retain the transmission template that satisfies the transmission direction constraint.

[0041] S35. The template revenue and template fluctuation generated by the pressure pulse decision body, the template revenue and template fluctuation generated by the drill pipe vibration decision body, and the transmission template constraints in the transmission template set mapping layer are sent to the combined sampling layer. The combined sampling layer performs combined sampling on the transmission template set around the transmission anchor point to generate the template sampling value of each transmission template.

[0042] S36. The template sample value is sent to the decision output layer. The execution template neuron selects the transmission template with the highest template sample value as the execution template. The execution template contains the correspondence between the main transmission path, the continuation path, the main body segment, the continuation segment, and the continuation anchor point. The continuation trigger decision neuron generates the continuation trigger decision based on the comparison results of the continuation anchor point position corresponding to the execution template, the current transmittable segment ratio of the main transmission path, the number of consecutive interruptions of the main transmission path, and the recent arrival ratio of the continuation path with the preset switching threshold.

[0043] Furthermore, step S4 specifically includes:

[0044] S41. Read the correspondence between the main transmission path, continuation path, main body segment, continuation segment and continuation anchor point from the execution template, and identify whether the execution template belongs to the early switch template, mid-switch template, late switch template or full main transmission template, and determine the range of the main body segment of the business block on the main transmission path and the range of the continuation segment on the continuation path accordingly.

[0045] S42. Send the main body segment into the main transmission path, continuously send the main body segment according to the business block position defined by the execution template, and use the continuation anchor point as the preset truncation position of the main body segment.

[0046] S43. During the main segment transmission, the continued transmission status of the main transmission path is switched according to the resume trigger determination. When the resume trigger determination meets the switching condition, the continued transmission of the main transmission path after the resume anchor point is stopped, and the unfinished service block part after the resume anchor point is directly determined as the continuation segment.

[0047] S44. Map the continuation segment to the starting transmission position of the continuation path according to the execution template, so that the continuation path continues to transmit the continuation segment from the position corresponding to the continuation anchor point, and keeps the main segment and the continuation segment connected continuously around the same service block.

[0048] S45. When the retransmission trigger determination does not meet the switching conditions, the main body segment continues to be sent to the end of the service block along the main transmission path, and the continuation segment in the execution template is kept in a non-sending state, so that the main transmission path completes the entire carrying of the service block.

[0049] S46. The main body segment completed via the main transmission path and the continuation segment completed via the continuation path are sequentially spliced ​​according to the corresponding positions of the continuation anchor points, or the result of the main transmission path being directly sent to the end of the service block is determined as the complete service block.

[0050] Furthermore, step S5 specifically includes:

[0051] S51. Based on the transmission direction and service block type associated with the complete service block, identify the direction of the complete service block to determine whether the complete service block belongs to the underground to surface direction or the surface to underground direction.

[0052] S52. When a complete business block belongs to a complete business block from downhole to surface, the business content in the complete business block is interpreted in sequence according to the location of the business block, and the interpretation result is converted into the surface control requirements corresponding to the surface control object.

[0053] S53. When a complete business block belongs to a complete business block from the surface to the downhole, the business content in the complete business block is interpreted in sequence according to the position of the business block, and the interpretation result is converted into downhole execution instructions corresponding to the downhole execution object;

[0054] S54. Associate the ground control requirements or downhole execution instructions with the transmission direction, service block type and service block length corresponding to the complete service block to form a control service block.

[0055] Furthermore, step S6 specifically includes:

[0056] S61. Determine the transmission direction opposite to the complete service block based on the control service block, and divide the control service block into blocks according to the opposite transmission direction to form reverse service blocks;

[0057] S62. Associate the reverse service block with the context state corresponding to the current dual-carrier link state, and call the transmission template set, execution template and resuming anchor point that satisfy the opposite transmission direction constraints to determine the main transmission path, resuming path, main body segment and continuation segment of the reverse service block;

[0058] S63. Perform cross-carrier transmission of the reverse service block according to the execution template, and when the switching conditions are met, switch the reverse service block from the main transmission path to the continuation path to complete the transmission based on the continuation anchor point.

[0059] S64. Receive confirmation for the completed reverse service block, determine the receive confirmation as the execution confirmation, and determine the complete service block and the reverse service block corresponding to the execution confirmation as the bidirectional transmission result.

[0060] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0061] (1) Improve the stability and integrity of service block transmission under small displacement fluctuation conditions:

[0062] This invention utilizes cross-carrier incremental redundancy organization to divide service blocks into main segments and continuation segments before transmission and writes these segments into follow-up anchor points. This transforms pressure pulses and drill pipe vibrations from independent channels into a collaborative continuation relationship. During transmission, the path switching strictly follows the follow-up anchor points, without re-segmenting or altering service block boundaries, allowing previously transmitted data to be directly reused. Taking a set of simulation comparisons with the same service block length, message load, and acknowledgment mechanism as an example, the one-time completion rate of a complete service block at the current operation time can be increased from 72.4% to 89.1%. Structurally, this avoids service fragmentation and transmission interruptions, ensuring that the same service block can still be continuously spliced ​​and delivered completely even under non-stationary fluctuations in both carriers.

[0063] (2) Effectively reduces retransmission rate and invalid transmission volume, and improves data transmission efficiency:

[0064] This invention replaces the traditional post-transmission recovery mechanism with a pre-set transmission template set before transmission. It binds early switching, mid-switching, late switching, and full main transmission templates with the main continuation path and anchor points, eliminating the need for the system to re-route and reorganize data after an anomaly. Combined with multi-agent combined sampling and adaptive selection of the optimal execution template, it avoids blind switching and duplicate transmissions. This method directly reduces the overhead of block retransmissions and invalid transmissions. Simulation data shows a 41.3% reduction in the number of block retransmissions and a 37.8% reduction in the number of invalid duplicate transmission bytes, resulting in a significant improvement in transmission efficiency under low-bandwidth, high-fluctuation scenarios with small-volume flushing fluid.

[0065] (3) Achieve precise and controllable path switching, fundamentally solving the problem of unclear switching boundaries:

[0066] This invention elevates path switching from the link / session layer to the service block layer, using the resume anchor point as the sole switching location. This allows the switching timing and location to be structurally defined before transmission. Simultaneously, it employs a multi-agent non-stationary context combination Thompson sampling model to make decisions around the resume anchor point, outputting directly executable switching decisions rather than abstract channel scores. This approach makes switching behavior predictable, definable, and combinable, completely resolving the problems of disordered switching, ambiguous boundaries, and inability to combinable at the receiving end in traditional technologies.

[0067] (4) The decision-making process is more in line with the characteristics of non-stationary links, enhancing transmission robustness:

[0068] This invention constructs a dual-decision-body parallel evaluation mechanism. The pressure pulse decision-making body and the drill pipe vibration decision-making body output template benefits and fluctuations to the main transmission and continuation paths, respectively, transforming the decision-making object from "selecting a channel" to "selecting a transmission template." Furthermore, it internalizes cross-carrier incremental redundant retransmission into the model action space, enabling business blocks, link states, and continuation anchor points to make linked decisions on the same computational link. This method can quickly adapt to the characteristics of random changes in carrier states in small-volume flushing fluids, maintaining stable and continuous transmission capabilities even under strong disturbance environments.

[0069] (5) Achieve a two-way closed loop between downhole and surface, improving the reliability and executability of the interaction:

[0070] Compared to existing solutions that only focus on single uplink or downlink delivery, this invention is more suitable for supporting business interactions between the well and the surface that require continuous interpretation, execution, and confirmation. This invention integrates forward transmission, parsing, reverse business block construction, reverse transmission, and execution confirmation into a unified closed loop. The reverse business block fully reuses the forward template, anchor points, and decision logic, eliminating the need for a separate feedback mechanism. For example, comparing the same uplink and downlink workloads and dual-carrier fluctuation conditions, the success rate of the bidirectional business closed loop can be increased from 68.5% to 84.7%, the waiting time caused by rerouting and re-segmentation decreases by 28.6%, and the reverse execution confirmation consistency rate reaches 96.2%, truly achieving highly reliable bidirectional interaction that is interpretable, executable, and confirmable. Attached Figure Description

[0071] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the efficient bidirectional data transmission method between the well and the surface under low-volume flushing fluid conditions described in this invention.

[0072] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the business message segmentation and status association process in this invention.

[0073] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the construction process of the transmission template set in this invention.

[0074] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the intelligent determination process for the execution template in this invention.

[0075] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the cross-carrier transmission process for service blocks in this invention.

[0076] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the complete business block direction identification process in this invention.

[0077] Figure 7 This is a flowchart of the reverse service block closed-loop transmission process in this invention.

[0078] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the dual-carrier state distribution and four types of template working domains in the embodiment.

[0079] Figure 9 The diagram shows the thermal distribution of the dual-carrier state and the subsequent trigger intensity in the embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0080] This invention aims to provide a method for efficient bidirectional data transmission between downhole and surface under conditions of low-volume flushing fluid. Under the condition that low-volume flushing fluid causes non-stationary fluctuations in the dual-carrier link, it achieves continuous and complete transmission of the same service block across carriers, with clear path switching boundaries and executable bidirectional interactive closed loop between downhole and surface, thereby improving the reliability and efficiency of data transmission. Its core idea is to abandon the traditional transmission organization method centered on the communication channel and instead use the "service block" as the smallest complete unit of the entire transmission system. Under the condition of continuous and non-stationary fluctuations in the dual-carrier link state caused by low-volume flushing fluid, it no longer relies on the passive mode of fixed route selection before transmission and retransmission after failure. Instead, during the service block formation stage, it pre-organizes the cross-carrier incremental redundancy structure: clearly defining the main transmission path and the follow-up path, dividing the main transmission segment and the subsequent follow-up segment, writing the follow-up anchor points for precise positioning, and encapsulating these elements into a set of directly callable transmission templates.

[0081] Building upon this foundation, a multi-agent combined sampling decision model adapted to non-stationary environments is employed. Instead of simply evaluating which channel is better, it directly selects the transmission template most suitable for the current link state and outputs a decision on whether to trigger path switching. The transmission process strictly adheres to the template and anchor points; path switching only occurs within a service block, ensuring that the transmitted and untransmitted portions always belong to the same service block. The receiving end can directly concatenate and interpret the data in real time.

[0082] Ultimately, the uplink data transmission, downlink command issuance, and reverse execution confirmation are integrated into the same templated closed-loop system, making the downhole-to-surface interaction no longer a simple data delivery, but a complete operational closed loop that is continuous, interpretable, executable, and verifiable. This fundamentally solves the problems of transmission interruption, service fragmentation, and closed-loop failure caused by dual-carrier fluctuations under small displacement conditions.

[0083] To facilitate understanding of the technical solution of this invention, some technical terms involved in this invention are explained below:

[0084] Cross-carrier incremental redundancy organization: refers to pre-dividing the main segment and the continuation segment around the same service block, combining the current capabilities of two carriers, pressure pulse and drill pipe vibration, and establishing the connection relationship between the two, so that the service block can be continuously transmitted between different carriers.

[0085] Resumption Anchor Point: This refers to a switching location written into the main segment, used to clearly define the boundary between the main transmission path and the continuation path of a service block. Based on this location, the receiving end can reassemble the two segments in the same service block sequence.

[0086] Transmission template set: refers to a set of multiple transmission completion schemes pre-generated for the same service block. Each template is bound to the main transmission path, continuation path, main body segment, continuation segment, and continuation anchor point, typically including early handover, mid-handover, late handover, and full main transmission templates.

[0087] The multi-agent non-stationary context combination Thompson sampling model refers to a decision-making model in which, under the condition of continuous change in the state of the dual-carrier link, the pressure pulse decision-maker and the drill pipe vibration decision-maker jointly utilize context information to combine and sample multiple transmission templates, thereby adaptively selecting the optimal execution template.

[0088] In practical implementation, the implementation process of the downhole-to-surface data bidirectional high-efficiency transmission method under low-volume flushing fluid conditions provided by this invention is as follows: Figure 1 It includes the following implementation process:

[0089] S1. Obtain the current business message and dual-carrier link status, and divide the business message into blocks according to the transmission direction to form a business block;

[0090] In one exemplary implementation, the process of associating business message chunking with state in this step is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, it includes the following sub-steps:

[0091] S11. Obtain the current business message, identify the transmission direction of the current business message, and limit the current business message to either a business message from underground to the surface or a business message from the surface to underground based on the business content;

[0092] S12. Obtain the dual-carrier link status corresponding to the current business message at that time, and form pressure pulse link status and drill pipe vibration link status according to the carrier, so that the dual-carrier link status corresponds to the same sending time as the current business message;

[0093] S13. Divide the current service message into continuous blocks according to the transmission direction and the preset service block length boundary, and determine the service block type, service block length and service block position for each service block according to the order in the current service message;

[0094] S14. Associate each service block with the transmission direction, pressure pulse link status, and drill pipe vibration link status one by one, so that the service block has the service block characteristics and link status characteristics required for subsequent context state extraction before entering the transmission template set mapping layer.

[0095] In this scheme, by distinguishing business messages according to transmission direction, aligning the states of the two carriers simultaneously, standardizing the blocks and associating them with contextual features, we can ensure that the transmission direction, business type, length, and location information of the business blocks are clearly defined before transmission, providing a stable and consistent business foundation for subsequent cross-carrier incremental redundancy organization and template generation. On the other hand, we can ensure that the state of the two carrier links and the business messages are strictly at the same transmission time, avoiding the distortion of the main continuation path determination and the unreasonable selection of templates due to state misalignment. This allows the subsequent multi-agent decision-making model to perform accurate calculations based on real, synchronous, and complete inputs, ensuring the reliability of transmission logic and the effectiveness of decision-making from the source.

[0096] S2. Perform cross-carrier incremental redundancy organization on the service block, determine the main transmission path and the continuation path between the pressure pulse and the drill pipe vibration, divide the service block into the main segment and the continuation segment, and write the continuation anchor point in the main segment to form a transmission template set. The continuation anchor point is used to limit the switching position of the service block from the main transmission path to the continuation path.

[0097] In one exemplary implementation, the transport template set construction process implemented in this step is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, it includes the following sub-steps:

[0098] S21. Input the service block and dual-carrier link status into the transmission template set mapping layer, read the pressure pulse link status and drill pipe vibration link status according to the transmission direction, and determine the main transmission path based on the current amplitude level, recent arrival ratio, number of consecutive interruptions, acknowledgment interval, current proportion of transmittable segments and continuous delivery trend, and determine the other carrier as the continuation path.

[0099] S22. Based on the continuous carrying capacity of the main transmission path at the current transmission time, perform cross-carrier incremental redundancy organization on the service block, divide the part of the service block initially undertaken by the main transmission path into the main body segment, and divide the part of the service block continued to be undertaken by the follow-up path into the continuation segment, so that the main body segment and the continuation segment are continuously connected around the same service block.

[0100] S23. Write the continuation anchor point in the main body segment and limit the continuation anchor point to the switching position inside the main body segment, so that when the main body segment is sent to the continuation anchor point, the main transmission path termination boundary is formed, and the continuation segment forms the continuation path start boundary from the corresponding position of the continuation anchor point.

[0101] S24. Based on the position of the continuation anchor point in the main body segment, the early switching template, the middle switching template, the late switching template, and the full main transmission template are constructed for the same service block. The full main transmission template corresponds to the completion method of the service block with an empty continuation segment.

[0102] S25. Bind the main transmission path, continuation path, main body segment, continuation segment and continuation anchor point in each transmission template one by one, so that each transmission template directly corresponds to a complete service block completion method, and make the continuation anchor point a template constraint for subsequent combined sampling.

[0103] S26. Perform directional constraint verification on each transmission template according to the transmission direction, remove transmission templates that are inconsistent with the current transmission direction, and form a transmission template set by combining the transmission templates that satisfy the transmission direction constraints.

[0104] S27. Associate the service block type, service block length, and service block location with the transmission template set so that the pressure pulse decision body and the drill pipe vibration decision body select the execution template around the continuation anchor point of the same service block during subsequent combined sampling.

[0105] The innovation of the above-mentioned methods in this step lies not in using pressure pulses and drill pipe vibrations in parallel, but in determining the main transmission path and continuation path based on the dual-carrier link status when organizing cross-carrier incremental redundancy for service blocks. Then, the main body segment, continuation segment, and continuation anchor point are defined synchronously around the same service block to form a set of callable transmission templates.

[0106] In existing technologies, dual-carrier structures often adopt a fixed division of labor, with pressure pulses responsible for the main transmission and drill pipe vibrations responsible for verification, alarms, or independent short messages. The two carriers do not form a continuous transmission relationship around the same business block at the business level. Once the main transmission path is interrupted, the common approach is to wait for the main transmission path to be restored before continuing to send, or to resend the entire data block.

[0107] The aforementioned method in this step changes the organization of service blocks. Instead of treating pressure pulses and drill pipe vibrations as two separate transmission channels, it first performs cross-carrier incremental redundancy organization on the service blocks, then splits them into main segments and continuation segments, and writes the continuation anchor point into the main segment. This allows the receiving end to obtain the switching position of the continuation path when receiving the main segment. The resulting transmission template set is not a typical set of transmission schemes, but a structured template that binds the main transmission path, continuation path, main segment, continuation segment, and continuation anchor point to the same service block. Each transmission template in the transmission template set corresponds to a service block completion method, differing in how many main segments the service block undertakes on the main transmission path, how many continuation segments it undertakes on the continuation path, and the location of the continuation anchor point within the main segment. This organization method moves the remedial actions, which originally occurred after transmission failure, to the service block formation stage, enabling the service block to have cross-carrier continuation capabilities before transmission begins. For drilling operations with small-volume flushing fluid, the availability of pressure pulses and drill pipe vibrations will change as the operation progresses. This step encodes the changing constraints into the business block structure in advance through the transmission template set. Subsequent steps do not need to redefine the retransmission relationship, but instead directly select the execution method that matches the current dual-carrier link status from the transmission template set.

[0108] Therefore, this step is not a simple application of the existing retransmission mechanism or dual-channel mechanism, but rather a reconstruction of the cross-carrier transmission unit centered on the service block, forming an input object that the subsequent multi-agent non-stationary context combination Thompson sampling model can directly process. This structured input object is also the basis for the establishment of steps S3 and S4.

[0109] S3. Extract the context state corresponding to the service block from the dual-carrier link state, input the context state into the multi-agent non-stationary context combination Thompson sampling model, perform combined sampling of the transmission template set around the resume anchor point, determine the execution template, and output the resume trigger judgment.

[0110] The multi-agent non-stationary context combination Thompson sampling model provided by this invention consists of an input layer, a context coding layer, a pressure pulse decision-making body, a drill pipe vibration decision-making body, a transmission template set mapping layer, a combination sampling layer, and a decision output layer. Cross-carrier incremental redundant hybrid retransmission does not operate independently as an external protocol but is written into the transmission template set mapping layer, serving as the structured action space of the multi-agent non-stationary context combination Thompson sampling model. The transmission template set mapping layer receives service blocks and dual-carrier link states, determines the main transmission path and continuation path based on the transmission direction, and then writes the main segment, continuation segment, and continuation anchor point into four transmission templates; the four transmission templates correspond to the early handover template, the mid-handover template, the late handover template, and the full main transmission template, respectively. The improvement of this setting is that existing context sampling models usually define the output action as an abstract action number, while this model defines the output action as a transmission template with constraints on the main transmission path, the continuation path, and the continuation anchor point. Existing hybrid retransmission is usually executed outside the model, while this model writes cross-carrier incremental redundant hybrid retransmission as a transmission template set mapping layer, so that the multi-agent non-stationary context combination Thompson sampling model can directly make judgments around the completion process of the service block.

[0111] The input layer receives the context state, which is a sixteen-dimensional vector. This sixteen-dimensional vector includes four-dimensional service block features and twelve-dimensional dual-carrier link state features. The four-dimensional service block features include transmission direction, service block type, service block length, and service block location. The twelve-dimensional dual-carrier link state features are set separately for each carrier: six dimensions for pressure pulses and six dimensions for drill pipe vibration. Each set of six dimensions includes the current amplitude level, recent arrival ratio, number of consecutive interruptions, acknowledgment interval, proportion of currently transmittable segments, and continuous delivery trend. The input layer has sixteen neurons, each corresponding one-to-one with the sixteen-dimensional vector.

[0112] The context encoding layer has twenty-four neurons to compress a sixteen-dimensional vector into a contextual representation for business block continuation decisions. The output of the context encoding layer is fed into the pressure pulse decision body and the drill pipe vibration decision body. The pressure pulse decision body has a twelve-neuron hidden layer and an eight-neuron output layer. The eight output neurons are divided into a four-dimensional template gain vector and a four-dimensional template fluctuation vector. The drill pipe vibration decision body uses the same structure and also outputs a four-dimensional template gain vector and a four-dimensional template fluctuation vector. The improvement here is that the pressure pulse decision body and the drill pipe vibration decision body do not directly output whether to select a certain carrier, but instead provide template gain and template fluctuation for the four transmission templates respectively, switching the decision object from carrier to transmission template, thus incorporating the continuation anchor point into the model.

[0113] The transmission template set mapping layer has four template neurons, each corresponding one-to-one with a transmission template. Each template neuron is programmed with the main transmission path, continuation path, and continuation anchor point position. Template neurons that do not meet the current transmission direction constraints do not participate in combined sampling. The combined sampling layer has four combined neurons. These neurons receive the template gain vector and template fluctuation vector output by the pressure pulse decision-making body, the template gain vector and template fluctuation vector output by the drill pipe vibration decision-making body, and the template constraints corresponding to the transmission template set mapping layer, respectively, to generate four template sample values.

[0114] The output layer consists of five neurons: four execution template neurons corresponding to four transmission templates, and one continuation trigger determination neuron outputting whether the current service block meets the continuation switching conditions. The execution template neurons output the execution template, and the continuation trigger determination neuron outputs the continuation trigger determination. This model's internal structure achieves two layers of improvement: the first improvement is that the multi-agent non-stationary context combination Thompson sampling model is changed from a single action selection to a combination sampling of transmission templates by two decision-makers; the second improvement is that the cross-carrier incremental redundancy hybrid retransmission is changed from an external mechanism to a transmission template set mapping layer, so that the service block, main transmission path, continuation path, and continuation anchor point are transmitted to the execution template and continuation trigger determination along the same computation link.

[0115] Based on the aforementioned innovative sampling model, in one exemplary implementation, the intelligent determination process for the execution template implemented in this step is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, it includes the following sub-steps:

[0116] S31. Extract the context state based on the service block and dual-carrier link state, and combine the transmission direction, service block type, service block length and service block position with the pressure pulse link state and drill pipe vibration link state to make the context state correspond to the service block continuation judgment task of the current service block.

[0117] S32. Input the context state into the input layer, and compress and encode the context state by the context encoding layer to form a context representation for business block continuation determination;

[0118] S33. The context representation is fed into the pressure pulse decision body and the drill pipe vibration decision body respectively, so that the pressure pulse decision body generates the template income and template fluctuation of each transmission template around the context related to the main transmission path, and the drill pipe vibration decision body generates the template income and template fluctuation of each transmission template around the context related to the continuation path, and does not directly output the carrier selection result.

[0119] S34. Send the transmission template set into the transmission template set mapping layer, so that cross-carrier incremental redundant hybrid retransmission is written into the transmission template set mapping layer as a structured action space, and write the main transmission path, continuation path and continuation anchor point position for the early switching template, mid-switching template, late switching template and full main transmission template respectively, and retain the transmission template that satisfies the transmission direction constraint.

[0120] S35. The template revenue and template fluctuation generated by the pressure pulse decision body, the template revenue and template fluctuation generated by the drill pipe vibration decision body, and the transmission template constraints in the transmission template set mapping layer are sent to the combined sampling layer. The combined sampling layer performs combined sampling on the transmission template set around the transmission anchor point to generate the template sampling value of each transmission template.

[0121] S36. The template sample value is sent to the decision output layer. The execution template neuron selects the transmission template with the highest template sample value as the execution template. The execution template contains the correspondence between the main transmission path, the continuation path, the main body segment, the continuation segment, and the continuation anchor point. The continuation trigger decision neuron generates the continuation trigger decision based on the comparison results of the continuation anchor point position corresponding to the execution template, the current transmittable segment ratio of the main transmission path, the number of consecutive interruptions of the main transmission path, and the recent arrival ratio of the continuation path with the preset switching threshold.

[0122] The innovation of the above-mentioned method in this step lies in the fact that the multi-agent non-stationary context combination Thompson sampling model does not directly perform general link scoring on pressure pulses and drill pipe vibrations, but instead performs combined sampling around the continuation anchor points in the transmission template set, and outputs the execution template and continuation trigger determination:

[0123] In existing technologies, most link selection methods involving intelligent decision-making involve overall optimization of multiple transmission channels, outputting a single transmission channel or a simple weight, and then executing transmission according to fixed rules. This approach focuses on judging the merits of channels without incorporating the internal structure of the service block into the decision-making object, nor does it include the timing of switching from the main transmission path to the continuation path in the model structure. This step first extracts the context state from the dual-carrier link state, and then maps the context state to the service block-level selection task. The pressure pulse decision-maker receives the context state related to the main transmission path, and the drill pipe vibration decision-maker receives the context state related to the continuation path. Neither decision-maker directly outputs the transmission result, but instead performs combined sampling of the transmission template set around the continuation anchor point. The goal of combined sampling is not to select a specific carrier, but to determine which transmission template the current service block uses, and which continuation anchor point triggers the path switching during the service block transmission process. In this way, the output object of the multi-agent non-stationary context combination Thompson sampling model changes from "channel selection" to "execution template selection," and the execution template already contains the complete relationship between the main transmission path, continuation path, main body segment, continuation segment, and continuation anchor point. Because the dual-carrier link state exhibits non-stationary characteristics under low-volume flushing fluid drilling conditions, this step does not employ a fixed threshold rule. Instead, it uses the pressure pulse decision-maker and drill pipe vibration decision-maker to receive the current context state and perform combined sampling on the transmission template set, forming an execution template that adjusts according to changes in the dual-carrier link state. This constructed multi-agent non-stationary context combination Thompson sampling model does not directly transplant an existing sampling model into the link scenario. Instead, it uses the transmission template set as the model action space, the continuation anchor point as the model decision core, and the business block-level transmission completion process as the model constraint boundary. Through this constraint, step S3 and step S2 are directly coupled. The structured information in the transmission template set can be directly utilized by the multi-agent non-stationary context combination Thompson sampling model, and the path switching in step S4 can be strictly based on the execution template and continuation trigger determination. Therefore, step S3 in the entire method undertakes the model-based determination of business block continuation logic, rather than general intelligent link scoring.

[0124] S4. Send the service block according to the execution template. When the retransmission trigger determines that the switching conditions are met, switch the main body segment from the main transmission path to the retransmission path according to the retransmission anchor point and complete the transmission of the continuation segment. When the retransmission trigger determines that the switching conditions are not met, complete the transmission of the service block along the main transmission path to form a complete service block.

[0125] In one exemplary implementation, the service block cross-carrier transmission process implemented in this step is as follows: Figure 5 As shown, it includes the following sub-steps:

[0126] S41. Based on the execution template determined by the judgment output layer, read the correspondence between the main transmission path, the continuation path, the main body segment, the continuation segment, and the continuation anchor point, and identify whether the execution template belongs to the early switching template, the mid-switching template, the late switching template, or the full main transmission template, and determine the range of the main body segment of the business block on the main transmission path and the range of the continuation segment on the continuation path accordingly.

[0127] S42. Send the main body segment into the main transmission path, continuously send the main body segment according to the business block position defined by the execution template, and use the continuation anchor point as the preset truncation position of the main body segment, so that the main transmission path continuously retains the switching boundary connecting with the continuation segment during the transmission of the main body segment.

[0128] S43. During the main segment transmission, the continued transmission status of the main transmission path is switched according to the resume trigger determination. When the resume trigger determination meets the switching condition, the continued transmission of the main transmission path after the resume anchor point is stopped, and the unfinished service block part after the resume anchor point is directly determined as the continuation segment.

[0129] S44. Map the continuation segment to the starting transmission position of the continuation path according to the execution template, so that the continuation path continues to transmit the continuation segment from the position corresponding to the continuation anchor point, and keep the main segment and the continuation segment connected continuously around the same service block, without re-blocking the service block, re-sampling the transmission template set, or changing the continuation anchor point constraints in the execution template.

[0130] S45. When the retransmission trigger determination does not meet the switching conditions, the main body segment continues to be sent to the end of the service block along the main transmission path, and the continuation segment in the execution template is kept in a non-sending state, so that the main transmission path completes the entire carrying of the service block.

[0131] S46. The main body segment completed via the main transmission path and the continuation segment completed via the continuation path are sequentially spliced ​​according to the corresponding positions of the continuation anchor points, or the result of the main transmission path being directly sent to the end of the service block is determined as a complete service block, so that path switching only occurs at the service block layer defined by the execution template.

[0132] S47. Send the complete business block into the direction identification under the same execution template constraint, so that the main transmission path, continuation path and continuation anchor point relationship in the execution template runs through the business block completion process.

[0133] The innovation of the above-mentioned methods in this step lies in the fact that the transmission process of the service block does not adopt the method of "retransmitting the whole block after transmission failure" or "reselecting a transmission channel after transmission failure". Instead, the main body segment is sent according to the execution template, and when the retransmission trigger determines that the switching condition is met, the main body segment is switched from the main transmission path to the retransmission path according to the retransmission anchor point and the continuation segment is sent to form a complete service block:

[0134] In existing dual-carrier transmission technologies, a transmission path is usually selected before transmission. If an anomaly occurs during transmission, a manual rule setting or independent confirmation process is used to determine whether to retransmit. This transmission mechanism lacks a continuous connection at the service block level between the main transmission path and the continuation path. This step establishes a service block completion mechanism driven by execution templates. The execution template is derived from the combined sampling results of the transmission template set by the Thompson sampling model of multi-agent non-stationary context combination. The execution template already determines the main transmission path, continuation path, and continuation anchor point. Therefore, when sending the main body segment, it does not wait for the transmission result to completely fail before processing; instead, it retains the entry position of the continuation path according to the execution template while sending the main body segment. When the continuation trigger determination meets the switching conditions, this step does not reorganize the service block. Instead, it directly truncates and locates the main body segment based on the continuation anchor point, and maps the unfinished part as a continuation segment, which is then sent by the continuation path. The resulting complete service block still maintains the same service block number and the same transmission template constraints, and will not be split into two independent messages due to path switching. This processing method differs fundamentally from existing retransmission mechanisms: existing retransmission mechanisms restart at the message level, while this step continues within the business block according to the continuation anchor point; existing path switching mostly occurs at the link layer or session layer, while this step restricts path switching to the business block layer under the constraints of the execution template. For drilling operations with small-volume flushing fluid, the value of the business message lies in whether it can form a complete business block at the current operation moment. This step integrates the completed main segment in the main transmission path and the continuation segment sent in the follow-up path into a complete business block through the continuation anchor point, so that pressure pulses and drill pipe vibrations are no longer substitutes, but continuous relationships scheduled by the execution template. Because step S4 strictly references the execution template and the continuation trigger determination, the transmission template set formed in step S2 and the execution template output in step S3 are truly transformed into an executable transmission link. The entire method thus forms a closed path from business block construction and model determination to the generation of a complete business block.

[0135] S5. Identify the transmission direction of the complete service block, parse it to generate the corresponding ground control requirements or downhole execution instructions, and form a control service block;

[0136] In one exemplary implementation, the complete business block direction identification process implemented in this step is as follows: Figure 6 As shown, it includes the following sub-steps:

[0137] S51. Based on the transmission direction and service block type associated with the complete service block, identify the direction of the complete service block to determine whether the complete service block belongs to the underground to surface direction or the surface to underground direction.

[0138] S52. When a complete business block belongs to a complete business block from downhole to surface, the business content in the complete business block is interpreted in sequence according to the location of the business block, and the interpretation result is converted into the surface control requirements corresponding to the surface control object.

[0139] S53. When a complete business block belongs to a complete business block from the surface to the downhole, the business content in the complete business block is interpreted in sequence according to the position of the business block, and the interpretation result is converted into downhole execution instructions corresponding to the downhole execution object;

[0140] S54. Associate the ground control requirements or downhole execution instructions with the transmission direction, service block type and service block length corresponding to the complete service block to form a control service block.

[0141] This step involves accurately identifying the direction of the complete business block and parsing it differently according to the transmission direction. It transforms purely transmitted data into control requirements or execution instructions that can be directly used on-site, completing the crucial step from data delivery to operational readiness. Parsing is performed according to the original positional order of the business block, ensuring complete consistency between the business logic and the data order and avoiding parsing errors. The generated control instructions are then associated with the basic information of the business block to form a control business block. This gives the control instructions the same structured, transmissible, and closed-loop attributes as the original business block, providing a standard and unified execution carrier for subsequent reverse business block construction and bidirectional closed-loop transmission. This ensures that the interaction between the downhole and surface is upgraded from simple data transmission to an executable, feedback-enabled, and confirmable closed-loop control process, effectively improving the real-time performance and practicality of bidirectional interaction.

[0142] S6. Construct a reverse service block based on the control service block, call the transmission template set, context state, execution template and resume anchor point to perform cross-carrier transmission on the reverse service block, output execution confirmation and form a bidirectional transmission result.

[0143] In one exemplary implementation, the reverse service block closed-loop transmission process implemented in this step is as follows: Figure 7 As shown, it includes the following sub-steps:

[0144] S61. Determine the transmission direction opposite to the complete service block based on the control service block, and divide the control service block into blocks according to the opposite transmission direction to form reverse service blocks;

[0145] S62. Associate the reverse service block with the context state corresponding to the current dual-carrier link state, and call the transmission template set, execution template and resuming anchor point that satisfy the opposite transmission direction constraints to determine the main transmission path, resuming path, main body segment and continuation segment of the reverse service block;

[0146] S63. Perform cross-carrier transmission of the reverse service block according to the execution template, and when the switching conditions are met, switch the reverse service block from the main transmission path to the continuation path to complete the transmission based on the continuation anchor point.

[0147] S64. Receive confirmation for the completed reverse service block, determine the receive confirmation as the execution confirmation, and determine the complete service block and the reverse service block corresponding to the execution confirmation as the bidirectional transmission result.

[0148] This step constructs a reverse transmission link based on the control service block and reuses the complete set of forward templates and decision-making mechanisms. This allows the reverse service block to directly inherit the verified cross-carrier retransmission structure, eliminating the need to design separate transmission protocols and retransmission logic for downlink / uplink feedback, thus reducing system complexity and computational overhead. During reverse transmission, the path switching is still performed based on the retransmission anchor point, ensuring that the reverse service block also has the transmission characteristics of not splitting, not redistributing, and having stable boundaries, guaranteeing a high degree of uniformity and reliable execution of the uplink and downlink transmission mechanisms. By receiving and verifying the reverse service block and generating an execution confirmation, the complete forward service block and the reverse execution confirmation are strongly bound together, forming a traceable, verifiable, and closed-loop bidirectional transmission result. From a process perspective, this achieves a closed-loop end-to-end process of uploading downhole measurements, issuing ground commands, and providing downhole execution feedback, significantly improving the stability, consistency, and controllability of bidirectional interaction under complex conditions of small-volume flushing fluid, and meeting the engineering requirements of drilling operations for executable and verifiable transmission.

[0149] Based on the above-mentioned efficient bidirectional data transmission scheme between downhole and surface under low-volume flushing fluid conditions provided by this invention, this invention directly addresses the technical problem that bidirectional transmission between downhole and surface under low-volume flushing fluid drilling conditions is difficult to form a complete business closed loop at the current operation time. This is achieved through a closed-loop technical path of pre-organization of business blocks, templated cross-carrier continuation judgment, execution template-driven transmission, and reverse confirmation reuse. In response to the mechanism that pressure pulses and drill pipe vibrations are affected by flow rate changes, propagation condition fluctuations, and operational disturbances, and under the realistic condition that only the characteristics of the current business block and the dual-carrier link status can be obtained, this invention first organizes the business messages into business blocks according to direction and length boundaries. Then, based on the current proportion of sendable segments, recent arrival ratio, number of consecutive interruptions, confirmation interval, and continuous delivery trend, it determines the main transmission path and continuation path, and writes the main segment, continuation segment, and continuation anchor point into the same transmission template set. Subsequently, the Thompson sampling mechanism, which combines non-stationary contexts of multiple agents, is used to map the template gain, template fluctuation, and anchor point constraints of pressure pulses and drill pipe vibrations together into a random representation of template sample values. This allows the feasibility of service block continuation and the switching boundary to be determined before transmission and invoked during transmission. This transforms the passive mechanism of retransmission after transmission failure in the existing technology into an active continuation mechanism for the continuous completion of the same service block. Ultimately, it enables the complete service block, direction identification, control service block generation, and reverse execution confirmation to be closed in the same link logic.

[0150] Compared to solutions that typically only perform link optimization, fixed primary / backup switching, or whole-block retransmission, this invention has made improvements to the algorithm structure and business organization method to better meet the business closed-loop requirements of the underground dual-carrier scenario. The improvements are first reflected in the action space level. Pressure pulses or drill pipe vibrations are no longer treated as individually selected transmission channels. Instead, transmission templates with constraints on the main transmission path, continuation path, and continuation anchor points are used as sampleable objects, allowing the model output to directly correspond to a service block completion method. Furthermore, cross-carrier incremental redundant hybrid retransmission is rewritten from external model rules into a structured mechanism within the transmission template set mapping layer. This ensures that path switching does not occur at the link or session layer but is limited to the service block layer and implemented along the continuation anchor point. Therefore, the completed main segment and subsequent continuation segments can maintain the same service block boundary and number. Simultaneously, this invention incorporates forward service block completion and reverse control service block transmission into the same templated processing chain. This eliminates the need for additional retransmission relationships to rebuild control requirements, downhole execution, and reception confirmation. Mechanistically, this improves the continuity, interpretability, and deliverability of bidirectional interactions between downhole and surface, and surface and downhole, making it more suitable for supporting real-time service loops in drilling sites where link states are constantly changing.

[0151] Example:

[0152] This embodiment provides a highly efficient bidirectional data transmission scheme between the well and the surface under conditions of low-volume flushing fluid. The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0153] S1. Business message segmentation and status association:

[0154] Let the business message flow be ,in, For the arrival time of the business message, For the first Individual business messages;

[0155] Let the original sampling sequence of the pressure pulse be The original sampling sequence of drill pipe vibration is ;

[0156] Current business message is denoted as The corresponding time is recorded as .Will Defined as the transmission direction of the current business message. For direction identification mapping; when the source field in the message header is "underground" and the destination field is "surface", take... This refers to business messages from underground to the surface; when the source field in the message header is surface and the destination field is underground, take... This refers to business messages from the surface to the underground. The business content category is denoted as... and will As a source for subsequent business block types.

[0157] To ensure that the dual-carrier link status corresponds to the same sending time as the current service message, a unified timeline is constructed. ,in, , , The preset resampling step size is used. The pressure pulse link state vector is denoted as... The components represent, in order, the current amplitude level, recent arrival ratio, number of consecutive interruptions, acknowledgment interval, proportion of currently transmittable segments, and continuous delivery trend; the drill pipe vibration link state vector is denoted as... For each The nearest neighbor matching rule is adopted. And satisfy ,Will Write When no window satisfies the condition When sampling points, take The vibration of the drill pipe is obtained according to the same rule. Then take and will and The pressure pulse link status and drill pipe vibration link status at the time corresponding to the current business message are determined.

[0158] Current business messages The message body is represented as an ordered sequence of data units. ,in, This is a sequential position index. Let the preset service block length boundary be... Divide the data into blocks according to a continuous truncation method: Let , No. Each business block is denoted as ,in, and order Continue until the entire message body is covered to obtain the business block sequence. For each business block Define the business block type as Define the length of the business block as Define the business block location as Define the feature vector of the business block as .

[0159] Then the business block feature vector Pressure pulse link state vector and drill pipe vibration link state vector Perform one-to-one binding to form the business block input vector and constitute the input set. .

[0160] Input set Each of them It simultaneously carries the transmission direction, service block type, service block length, service block location, and dual-carrier link status, thus it can be directly used as the subsequent Thompson sampling model for multi-agent non-stationary context combination. The input, where, This is the parameter set for the input layer, context coding layer, pressure pulse decision body, drill pipe vibration decision body, transmission template set mapping layer, combined sampling layer, and decision output layer. Based on this, the transmission template set mapping layer establishes the correspondence between the main transmission path, continuation path, main body segment, continuation segment, and continuation anchor point around the same service block. The specific definitions and functions of the above 16 features are detailed in Table 1. Note: Assuming a preset service block length boundary. resampling step size and Match Window The settings at the downhole end and the surface end are consistent in advance.

[0161] Table 1 Feature Information Table

[0162]

[0163] S2. Cross-vector incremental redundancy organization and template set generation:

[0164] The first Each business block is denoted as The length of the business block is recorded as The internal location index of the business block is denoted as ,in, Let the feature vector of the business block be denoted as... This includes the transmission direction. Business block type Business block location and business block length The pressure pulse link status is recorded as follows: This includes the current amplitude level, recent arrival ratio, number of consecutive interruptions, acknowledgment interval, current proportion of transmittable segments, and continuous delivery trend; the drill pipe vibration link status is recorded as... The definitions of each state component are shown in Table 1, which includes the current amplitude level, recent arrival ratio, number of consecutive interruptions, acknowledgment interval, proportion of currently transmittable segments, and continuous delivery trend. The transmission template set mapping layer is denoted as... ,in, Write parameters to the template. Denote the input object as... And by the feature vector of the business block Pressure pulse link status and drill pipe vibration link status Together they constitute, and then Input transmission template set mapping layer .

[0165] Within the transmission template set mapping layer, the pressure pulse link status and drill pipe vibration link status are read respectively. The main transmission path candidate is determined and prioritized according to the judgment stage and priority-related rule table in Table 3: If the current transmitable segment ratio is not lower than the preset transmitable segment ratio threshold, the recent arrival ratio is not lower than the preset arrival ratio threshold, the number of consecutive interruptions is not higher than the preset interruption number threshold, and the acknowledgment interval is not higher than the preset acknowledgment interval threshold, the carrier is considered to meet the main transmission path candidate conditions. If only one carrier meets the main transmission path candidate conditions, that carrier is determined as the main transmission path, and the other carrier is determined as the continuation path. If both carriers meet the main transmission path candidate conditions, the current transmitable segment ratio, recent arrival ratio, number of consecutive interruptions, acknowledgment interval, continuous delivery trend, and current amplitude level are compared sequentially. Specific judgment rules and priority order are detailed in Table 3. The primary transmission path prioritizes carriers with a higher proportion of currently transmittable segments. If the proportions of currently transmittable segments are the same, the carrier with a higher recent arrival rate is selected. If the recent arrival rates are the same, the carrier with a lower number of consecutive interruptions is selected. If the number of consecutive interruptions is the same, the carrier with a shorter acknowledgment interval is selected. If the acknowledgment intervals are the same, the carrier with a higher continuous delivery trend is selected. If the continuous delivery trends are the same, the carrier with a higher current amplitude level is selected. After the primary transmission path is determined, the six link states corresponding to the primary transmission path are uniformly recorded as follows: , , , , and .

[0166] Based on the continuous carrying capacity of the main transmission path at the current transmission time, the service blocks are organized with cross-carrier incremental redundancy. The continuous carrying length of the main transmission path is denoted as... And calculate using the following formula:

[0167] ;

[0168] In the formula, Indicates the continuous carrying length of the main transmission path; Indicates the length of the business block; Indicates the current proportion of segments that can be sent in the main transmission path; Indicates the nearest arrival ratio of the main route; Indicates the current amplitude level of the main transmission path; This indicates the preset maximum value for the current amplitude level; Indicates the continuous delivery trend of the main transmission path; The preset maximum level value indicating a continuous delivery trend; Indicates the number of consecutive interruptions in the main transmission path; A preset baseline value representing the number of consecutive interruptions; Indicates the confirmation interval for the main transmission path; The preset reference value indicates the confirmation interval; Indicates rounding down; and This indicates boundary constraints. According to this calculation method, the positive carrying ratio of the main transmission path is first determined by the proportion of currently transmitable segments, the recent arrival ratio, the current amplitude level, and the continuous delivery trend. Then, a reduction factor is formed by the number of consecutive interruptions and the acknowledgment interval. Finally, combined with the service block length, the length that the main transmission path can stably carry at the current transmission time is obtained. Subsequently, using... As the upper bound, four continuation anchor points are set within the service block: the pre-position is located at the beginning of the bearable interval, the middle position is located in the middle of the bearable interval, the post-position is located at the end of the bearable interval, and the end position is located at the end of the service block. Based on each continuation anchor point, the portion of the service block initially handled by the main transmission path is divided into the main body segment, and the portion continued by the follow-up path after the continuation anchor point is divided into the continuation segment; when the continuation anchor point is located at the end of the service block, the continuation segment is empty.

[0169] Each continuation anchor point is written into the control field of the corresponding main body segment, so that when the main body segment is sent to the continuation anchor point, a main transmission path termination boundary is formed, and the continuation segment forms a continuation path start boundary from the corresponding position of the continuation anchor point. Subsequently, four template neurons in the transmission template set mapping layer construct four transmission templates, which are denoted as follows: , , and .in, To switch templates as soon as possible, To switch templates, To switch templates later, This is a full master transfer template. See Table 2 for details on the structure and characteristics of each template.

[0170] Each transmission template simultaneously writes the main transmission path, continuation path, main body segment, continuation segment, and continuation anchor point, so that the completion method of the same service block is fixed at the template level, and the continuation anchor point becomes an inseparable template constraint when combining samples in subsequent sessions.

[0171] Table 2 Template Information Table

[0172]

[0173] Perform directional constraint verification on each of the four transmission templates. When the transmission direction... When sending service messages from underground to the surface, only transmission templates that conform to the constraints of underground transmission and surface reception are retained; when the transmission direction... For service messages from the surface to the underground, only transmission templates that conform to the constraints for both surface transmission and underground reception are retained. Transmission templates that pass the direction constraint verification are aggregated into a transmission template set, and the service block type is then... Business block length and business block location Each transmission template in the transmission template set is associated with a different transmission template, so that the pressure pulse decision-maker and the drill pipe vibration decision-maker can combine and sample the transmission template set around the continuation anchor point of the same service block during the subsequent multi-agent non-stationary context combination Thompson sampling process, and directly select the execution template, instead of reorganizing the main body and continuation sections during the transmission stage.

[0174] Table 3. Rules related to the determination stage and priority

[0175]

[0176] S3. Context state extraction and execution template-based intelligent decision-making:

[0177] Let the business block sequence be denoted as ,in, For business block indexing, The transmission template set formed in step S2 is denoted as... ,in, For the first The first business block corresponding to the One transmission template, , The template index set that satisfies the transmission direction constraint. The multi-agent non-stationary context combination Thompson sampling model is denoted as... ,in, The parameter set is defined for the input layer, context coding layer, pressure pulse decision body, drill pipe vibration decision body, transmission template set mapping layer, combined sampling layer, and decision output layer; the context coding layer is denoted as... ,in, The encoding parameters are used; the pressure pulse decision body is denoted as... The decision-making body for drill pipe vibration is denoted as ,in, Let the parameters be the decision body parameters; the combined sampling layer is denoted as... ,in, To combine the sampling parameters; the decision output layer is denoted as... ,in, For output parameters.

[0178] The first The context state of each business block is denoted as: and will A context state vector is constructed, consisting of sixteen underlying values. These sixteen underlying values ​​represent the transmission direction in sequence. Business block type Business block length Business block location Current amplitude level of the pressure pulse Recent arrivals Number of consecutive interruptions Confirmation interval Current proportion of segments that can be sent Continuous delivery trend Current amplitude level of drill pipe vibration Recent arrivals Number of consecutive interruptions Confirmation interval Current proportion of segments that can be sent and continuous delivery trend To reflect the non-stationary changes in the dual-carrier link status, a context window is formed by combining the current service block and the most recently preset number of service blocks. ,in, This is the length of the context window. The context states are arranged in ascending order of business block position, ensuring that the business block continuation determination task of the current business block always corresponds to the latest business block position and the latest dual-carrier link state.

[0179] Context window The input layer receives the sixteen underlying values ​​of the current service block item by item and maintains the input order of the most recent service blocks in the context encoding layer. The context encoding layer uses compression encoding to encode the context window. Process the data to obtain the context representation of the current business block. The context indicates The characteristics of service blocks and the status of dual-carrier links are compressed into a unified representation for service block continuation determination, so that the subsequent decision-making object is switched from a single carrier to a transmission template.

[0180] Context representation Simultaneously, the pressure pulse decision-making system is sent. and drill pipe vibration decision body The pressure pulse decision-making body generates a pressure pulse template payoff vector based on the context of the main transmission path. and pressure pulse template fluctuation vector The drill pipe vibration decision-making body generates a drill pipe vibration template benefit vector based on the context of the continuation path. and drill pipe vibration template wave vector The four components correspond to the early switching template, mid-switching template, late switching template, and full master transmission template, respectively. Neither decision-making entity outputs the carrier selection result; instead, they provide the template benefit and template volatility for each of the four transmission templates.

[0181] Transmit template set The data is sent to the transport template set mapping layer, and the transport template set mapping layer is denoted as... In the transmission template set mapping layer, the four template neurons correspond to four transmission templates, and each transmission template is written into the main transmission path. Continuation path and the location of the resume anchor point For those belonging to the template index set The transmission template forms a template constraint record. The proportion of currently sendable segments in the main transmission path can be directly read from the template constraint record. Number of consecutive interruptions in the main transmission path and the recent arrival ratio of the connecting path Thus, cross-carrier incremental redundant hybrid retransmission follows the transmission template set. It is written together into the transmission template set mapping layer as a structured action space for combined sampling.

[0182] Pressure pulse template profit vector Pressure pulse template fluctuation vector Drill pipe vibration template benefit vector Drill pipe vibration template wave vector and template constraint records Send to combined sampling layer For any element belonging to the template index set Transmission template The combined sampling layer surrounds the position of the continuation anchor point. Calculate template sample value :

[0183] ;

[0184] In the formula, Indicates the first The business block corresponds to the first Template sample values ​​of each transmission template; Indicates the pressure impulse decision-making body on the first Template revenue from the output of each transmission template; Indicates the pressure impulse decision-making body on the first Template fluctuations output by a transmission template; Indicates the drill pipe vibration decision body for the first Template revenue from the output of each transmission template; Indicates the drill pipe vibration decision body for the first Template fluctuations output by a transmission template; Indicates the first The location of the resume anchor point corresponding to each transmission template; Indicates the first The length of each business block; Indicates the first The proportion of currently sendable segments corresponding to the main transmission path of each transmission template; Indicates the first The recent arrival ratio of the continuation path of each transmission template; Indicates the first The number of consecutive interruptions corresponding to the main transmission path of each transmission template. According to this calculation method, firstly, template revenue and template fluctuation are used to form a dual-decision-making body to obtain the sampling baseline value for the same transmission template. Then, the proportion of the resume anchor point location to the service block length, the proportion of currently transmittable segments in the main transmission path, the recent arrival ratio of the resume path, and the number of consecutive interruptions in the main transmission path are used to form a resume feasibility constraint value. Finally, the two are multiplied together to obtain the template sampling value. All valid template sample values ​​are combined to form a template sampling vector. .

[0185] template sampling vector Send to the decision output layer Determine if the execution template neuron in the output layer is from the template index set. The transmission template with the highest sample value is selected as the execution template. Make the execution template The correspondence between the main transmission path, continuation path, main body segment, continuation segment, and continuation anchor point is preserved. The continuation trigger determination neuron in the output layer receives and executes the template. Corresponding resume anchor point position The proportion of currently sendable segments in the main transmission path Number of consecutive interruptions in the main transmission path and the recent arrival ratio of the connecting path And compare the four values ​​with the preset switching threshold group. A step-by-step comparison is performed; specific judgment items and rules are detailed in Table 4; when the anchor point position is resumed... When a segment falls within a switchable range, the proportion of currently transmittable segments on the main transmission path is lower than the corresponding threshold, the number of consecutive interruptions on the main transmission path is higher than the corresponding threshold, and the recent arrival ratio of the resumed path is higher than the corresponding threshold, a resume trigger judgment is output. In other cases, output resume trigger determination. The resulting execution template and continuation trigger judgment It can be directly invoked in step S4.

[0186] Table 4. Information on Judgment Items

[0187]

[0188] S4. Perform template-driven and service block cross-carrier transmission:

[0189] The first Each business block is denoted as ,in, Indicates the internal location index of the business block is Data unit, Indicates the length of the business block. The execution template output by the decision output layer in step S3 is denoted as... ,in, Indicates the main transmission path, Indicates the continuation path. Indicates the main body paragraph. Indicates a continuation segment. Indicates the location of the resume anchor point. Indicates the execution template category tag; when When the execution template belongs to the early switching template; when When the execution template belongs to the switching template; when When the execution template belongs to the late-switching template; when At that time, the execution template belongs to the full main download template. The continuation trigger determination is recorded as... ,in, .

[0190] First, according to the execution template Read the main download path Continuation path Main body Continuation section and the location of the resume anchor point The correspondence is then determined based on the execution template category tag. The system identifies whether the execution template is an early switchover template, a mid-switchover template, a late switchover template, or a full master-transfer template. Then, it uses the resume anchor point position... Define the scope of the business block to the boundary, and satisfy the location index. Data units are assigned to the main body section The position index satisfies Data units are assigned to continuation segments ;when At that time, the anchor point position will be continued. Take the end position of the business block and extend the segment. The field is limited to empty.

[0191] main body Send to main pass path Perform continuous transmission. Record the transmission position sequence along the main transmission path as... ,in, Indicates the main pass path is at the 1st position. The internal location index of the service block corresponding to the next transmission. This indicates the total number of transmission orders along the main transmission path. Main transmission path Send the main body segments in the original order of the service blocks. The data unit in the middle, and the anchor point position for continued transmission. As a preset truncation position for the main segment, the main transmission path Send to location Time retention and continuation segment Connecting switching boundaries.

[0192] In the main body During transmission, a decision is made based on the resumption trigger. For the main pass path The system determines whether to switch transmission status based on the continuation state. The sequence of continuation transmission statuses on the main transmission path is denoted as... ,in, ,when The time indicates the main pass path is in the 1st position. The next transmission remains valid, when... The time indicates the main pass path is in the 1st position. The next transmission will not cross the continuation anchor point. Continue to handle subsequent data units. A decision is made when a continuation transmission is triggered. And the main transmission path has reached the retransmission anchor point. At that time, the anchor point position will be continued. Unfinished data units are then transferred to the continuation path mapping; a determination is made when a continuation trigger is activated. At that time, each transmission position in the main transmission path continues to transmit in the state sequence and remains valid until the main transmission path reaches the end position of the service block.

[0193] When the continuation is triggered, a judgment is made. At that time, in order to determine the continuation path The starting transmission position is calculated using the following formula: :

[0194] ;

[0195] In the formula, Indicates the starting position of the continuation path; Indicates the location of the resume anchor point; Indicates the length of the business block; Indicates the internal location index of the business block; Indicates the main pass path is at the 1st position. The internal location index of the service block corresponding to the next transmission; Indicates the sending order index of the main transmission path; Indicates the total number of transmission orders in the main transmission path; Indicates the main pass path is at the 1st position. The status of continuing to send the next transmission; This indicates taking the minimum position index.

[0196] According to this calculation method, start from the retransmission anchor point position. To the end of the business block Construct a candidate position set, then remove the position indices that have already been sent by the main transmission path and are still valid for continued transmission. Finally, take the smallest position index among the remaining positions as the starting transmission position for the continuation path. If there is no position to be continued after the anchor point, then take... This then enables the continuation path. Self-position Start sending continuation segments The unfinished parts, while maintaining the main body. and continuation paragraph The same service block is continuously connected without re-segmenting the service block, re-sampling the transmission template set, or changing the execution template. The location of the resume anchor point in the middle constraint.

[0197] When the continuation is triggered, a judgment is made. At the same time, maintain the main pass path Continue sending sequentially from the original position of the service block to the end position of the service block. and make the execution template continuation of the middle Maintain non-transmitting state, using the main transmission path Complete the entire load of this business block. For a full master transfer template, the corresponding continuation segment... The path is empty, therefore the main path is... It directly undertakes the continuous transmission of the entire service block.

[0198] When the continuation is triggered, a judgment is made. At that time, regarding the main transmission path Completed main body With continuation path Completed continuation According to the position of the continued transmission anchor point Perform sequential concatenation and record the concatenation result as a complete business block. When the continuation of the download is triggered, a judgment is made. At that time, the main transmission path will be... The result obtained by sending directly to the end of the service block is called the complete service block. In both cases, the complete business block All business block boundaries remain unchanged, ensuring that path switching only occurs during template execution. Limited business block layer.

[0199] Complete business block Keep in the same execution template Constrained input direction recognition enables execution template The main pass path Continuation path and the location of the resume anchor point The relationship runs through the entire process of sending the main body segment, continuing the continuation segment, and generating the complete service block.

[0200] S5. Complete Business Block Direction Identification and Control: Business Block Generation

[0201] The complete business block output in step S4 is denoted as ,in, The index of the complete business block is Data unit, Indicates the length of the complete business block. The transmission direction associated with the complete service block is denoted as... Record the business block type as Ground control requirements are denoted as Record the downhole execution command as The control service block is recorded as Due to the complete business block Formed by execution template, a complete business block Since the boundaries of consecutive service blocks and the order of fixed service blocks are maintained when entering step S5, step S5 directly proceeds to the complete service block. The layer performs direction recognition and content interpretation, instead of the entire business block. Re-divide into blocks.

[0202] Let the direction recognition mapping be denoted as Let's start with the complete business block. Read the transmission direction from the header field and business block type Then, according to the transmission direction With business block type The combination relationship is used to identify the execution direction. The set of allowed service block types from downhole to surface is denoted as... The set of permitted business block types from the surface to the underground is denoted as .when Marked as the direction from downhole to surface and At that time, the complete business block It was determined to be a complete operational block from downhole to the surface; when Marked as the direction from the surface to the well and At that time, the complete business block The complete service block from the surface to the downhole direction has been identified. After direction identification is complete, the complete service block... Continue the content interpretation process following the original business block positions.

[0203] When the complete business block When it belongs to a complete operational block from downhole to surface, the surface-side interpretation mapping is denoted as... .according to Read complete business blocks in ascending order. The system includes the object identifier field, status category field, status value field, and location identifier field, and writes the sequential interpretation results into an interpretation record. ,in, Indicates the identification of the ground-side control object. Indicates the state category, Indicates the state value. This indicates the location identifier. Then, based on the service block type... Call the ground-side control object mapping table , will explain the record Transformation to ground control requirements ,in, Indicates the category of regulation. Indicates the control value, Indicates the execution order.

[0204] When the complete business block When it belongs to a complete service block from the surface to the downhole, the downhole side interpretation mapping is denoted as... .according to Read complete business blocks in ascending order. The object identifier field, action category field, parameter value field, and sequence field are included, and the sequence interpretation results are written into an interpretation record. ,in, Indicates the identifier of the object to be executed on the downhole side. Indicates the action category, Indicates the parameter value. Indicates the execution order. Then, based on the business block type... Call the downhole execution object mapping table , will explain the record Convert to downhole execution command .

[0205] Ground control requirements Or execute instructions downhole Write the control load in sequence and will control the load With complete business block Corresponding transmission direction Business block type and business block length To establish a control business block, the two blocks are associated. When the complete business block When it belongs to a complete operational block from downhole to the surface, take When the complete business block When it belongs to a complete operational block from the surface to the downhole, take The resulting control business block It retains both the complete business block boundary information after step S4 and the control content after direction identification and sequence interpretation, so that it can be directly called by the subsequent reverse business block construction process.

[0206] S6. Reverse service block transmission and bidirectional closed-loop confirmation:

[0207] The control service block formed in step S5 is denoted as... ,in, Indicates the transmission direction associated with the control service block. Indicates the business block type. Indicates the length of the business block. This indicates the control load; the complete service block formed in step S4 is denoted as... .

[0208] First, according to the control business block Determine and complete business blocks The opposite transmission direction, and denoted as the opposite transmission direction. .when When the direction is from the bottom of the well to the surface, take From the surface to the well; when When the direction is from the surface to the well, take This is the direction from downhole to the surface. The load will then be controlled. In the opposite direction of transmission Perform continuous segmentation to form a reverse business block sequence. ,in, Indicates the first A reverse business block, Indicates the number of reverse service blocks. Each reverse service block... Write them in opposite transmission directions Business block type Reverse business block length and reverse business block location This ensures that the reverse service block has the same structured description as the forward service block before entering the subsequent decision link.

[0209] Reverse business block Associated with the dual-carrier link state at the reverse transmission time: the pressure pulse link state at that time is denoted as... The drill pipe vibration link state is recorded as Then , , , , and Combining into context state Then the context state The input layer, context encoding layer, pressure pulse decision body, drill pipe vibration decision body, transmission template set mapping layer, combined sampling layer, and decision output layer are fed into the system, and calls are made to satisfy the opposite transmission direction. Constrained transmission template set Determine if the output layer is from the transmission template set. Select the execution template And read the resume anchor point. ; Execute template The main path is directly included. Continuation path Main body and continuation paragraph The correspondence between them enables the reverse business block. The same cross-carrier incremental redundancy organization method as the forward business block is used, instead of establishing a new reissue relationship separately.

[0210] According to the execution template For reverse business blocks Perform cross-carrier transmission: First, send the main body segment. Send to main pass path and according to the reverse business block position Send sequentially in the main body segment; Retaining the resume anchor point during transmission The corresponding switching boundary. The continuation trigger determination is recorded as... When the resume function is triggered. And the main transmission path Send to resume anchor point Stop the main transmission path at that time. At the anchor point of continuation Continue sending afterwards, and retransmit the anchor point. The unfinished parts are directly mapped to continuation segments. Then, by the continuation path Self-continuous transmission anchor point Continue sending at the corresponding position; a decision will be made when a continuation of transmission is triggered. At the same time, maintain the main pass path Continue sending to the end of the reverse service block and make the continuation segment Maintain a non-transmitting state. Do not transmit the reverse service block throughout the entire reverse transmission process. Re-segment, do not transmit template sets Resampling without changing the execution template In the continuation anchor point constraint.

[0211] For the reverse service block that has been sent Confirm receipt: Record the confirmation receipt as The receiving side follows the retransmission anchor point. Complete the main body section and continuation paragraph After concatenating the sequences, verify the reverse transmission direction. Reverse business block location and reverse business block length Check if it matches the sending side; if the verification matches, confirm receipt. Confirmed for execution When all reverse business blocks have received corresponding execution confirmations, the complete business block will be executed. Confirmation of execution Corresponding reverse business block The result was determined to be a two-way transmission. Among them, bidirectional transmission results Maintain the corresponding binding between the forward complete business block completion relationship and the reverse execution confirmation relationship, so as to ensure bidirectional transmission of results. It can directly represent a complete business interaction process.

[0212] Figure 8 This diagram illustrates the distribution of dual-carrier link states and the working domain of the execution template. The horizontal axis represents the pressure pulse link state, and the vertical axis represents the drill pipe vibration link state. Each cluster point cloud and the inner and outer ellipses represent the concentrated areas and fluctuation ranges of the business block states under different execution templates, respectively, to reflect the stable working domains and transition relationships of the early switching template, mid-switching template, late switching template, and full master transmission template in the dual-carrier joint state space.

[0213] Figure 9 This is a thermal distribution map of the dual-carrier link status and the retransmission trigger intensity. The colors from cool to warm represent the retransmission trigger intensity or template response intensity from low to high. The white contour lines represent continuous intensity levels, and the boundary lines reflect the division of different template regions and uncertain transition zones.

[0214] Combination Figure 8 and Figure 9As can be seen, this embodiment does not simply select one path for transmission, but rather maps the fluctuation states of the pressure pulse link and the drill pipe vibration link into a discriminable state space and a continuous intensity field. Based on this, the continuation anchor point and execution template are determined, enabling the continuous transmission of the same service block across carriers. Its advantages are: it can transform random link disturbances into calculable, partitionable, and executable continuation decisions, reducing the probability of blind switching and retransmission, and improving the integrity, continuity, and robustness of service block transmission in complex downhole environments.

[0215] Although embodiments of the present invention have been described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and all such changes and alterations shall not depart from the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for efficient bidirectional data transmission between downhole and surface under low-volume flushing fluid conditions, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Obtain the current business message and dual-carrier link status, and divide the business message into blocks according to the transmission direction to form a business block; S2. Perform cross-carrier incremental redundancy organization on the service block, determine the main transmission path and the continuation path between the pressure pulse and the drill pipe vibration, divide the service block into the main segment and the continuation segment, and write the continuation anchor point in the main segment to form a transmission template set. The continuation anchor point is used to limit the switching position of the service block from the main transmission path to the continuation path. S3. Extract the context state corresponding to the service block from the dual-carrier link state, input the context state into the multi-agent non-stationary context combination Thompson sampling model, perform combined sampling of the transmission template set around the resume anchor point, determine the execution template, and output the resume trigger judgment. S4. Send the service block according to the execution template. When the resume trigger determination meets the switching conditions, switch from the main transmission path to the continuation path according to the resume anchor point and complete the transmission of the continuation segment; when the resume trigger determination does not meet the switching conditions, complete the transmission of the service block along the main transmission path to form a complete service block. S5. Identify the transmission direction of the complete service block, parse it to generate the corresponding ground control requirements or downhole execution instructions, and form a control service block; S6. Construct a reverse service block based on the control service block, call the transmission template set, context state, execution template and resume anchor point to perform cross-carrier transmission on the reverse service block, output execution confirmation and form a bidirectional transmission result; Step S2 specifically includes: S21. Input the service block and dual-carrier link status into the transmission template set mapping layer, read the pressure pulse link status and drill pipe vibration link status according to the transmission direction, and determine the main transmission path based on the current amplitude level, recent arrival ratio, number of consecutive interruptions, acknowledgment interval, current proportion of transmittable segments and continuous delivery trend, and determine the other carrier as the continuation path. S22. Based on the continuous carrying capacity of the main transmission path at the current transmission time, perform cross-carrier incremental redundancy organization on the service block, divide the part of the service block initially undertaken by the main transmission path into the main body segment, and divide the part of the service block continued to be undertaken by the follow-up path into the continuation segment. S23. Write the resume anchor point in the main body section and limit the resume anchor point to the switching position within the main body section; S24. Based on the position of the continuation anchor point in the main segment (preceding, middle, following, and ending), construct early switching templates, middle switching templates, late switching templates, and full main transmission templates for the same service block. S25. Bind the main download path, continuation path, main body section, continuation section, and continuation anchor point in each template one by one; S26. Perform directional constraint verification on each transmission template according to the transmission direction, remove transmission templates that are inconsistent with the current transmission direction, and form a transmission template set by combining the transmission templates that satisfy the transmission direction constraints. S27. Associate the service block type, service block length, and service block location with the transmission template set; The multi-agent non-stationary context combination Thompson sampling model includes an input layer, a context encoding layer, a pressure pulse decision agent, a drill pipe vibration decision agent, a transmission template set mapping layer, a combination sampling layer, and a decision output layer. The input layer is used to receive a sixteen-dimensional context state vector composed of four-dimensional service block features and twelve-dimensional dual-carrier link state features. The input layer is set with sixteen neurons, which correspond one-to-one with the sixteen-dimensional vector. The context coding layer is configured with twenty-four neurons to compress a sixteen-dimensional vector into a context representation for business block continuation determination, and to send the context representation into the pressure pulse decision body and the drill pipe vibration decision body. Both the pressure pulse decision-making body and the drill pipe vibration decision-making body are set with a 12-neuron hidden layer and an 8-neuron output layer. The eight output neurons are divided into a four-dimensional template gain vector and a four-dimensional template fluctuation vector. The pressure pulse decision-making body and the drill pipe vibration decision-making body respectively give template gain and template fluctuation for the four transmission templates in the context of the main transmission path and the continuation path, switch the decision object from the carrier to the transmission template, and incorporate the continuation anchor point into the model. The transmission template set mapping layer is configured with four template neurons, which correspond one-to-one with four transmission templates. Each template neuron is written with the main transmission path, the continuation path, and the continuation anchor point position. Template neurons that do not meet the current transmission direction constraints do not participate in the combined sampling. The combined sampling layer is configured with four combined neurons, which respectively receive the template gain vector and template fluctuation vector output by the pressure pulse decision body, the template gain vector and template fluctuation vector output by the drill pipe vibration decision body, and the template constraints corresponding to the transmission template set mapping layer, and generate four template sampling values. The decision output layer is configured with five neurons, of which four execution template neurons correspond to four transmission templates and are used to output the selected execution template; one continuation trigger decision neuron is used to output the continuation trigger decision of whether the current service block meets the continuation switching conditions, so that the service block, main transmission path, continuation path and continuation anchor point are transmitted to the execution template and continuation trigger decision along the same computing link, realizing the combined sampling of transmission templates by the dual decision bodies. Step S3 specifically includes: S31. Extract the context state based on the service block and dual-carrier link state, and combine the transmission direction, service block type, service block length and service block position with the pressure pulse link state and drill pipe vibration link state; S32. Input the context state into the input layer of the multi-agent non-stationary context combination Thompson sampling model, and compress and encode the context state by the context encoding layer to form a context representation for business block continuation decision; S33. The context representation is fed into the pressure pulse decision body and the drill pipe vibration decision body respectively, so that the pressure pulse decision body generates the template income and template fluctuation of each transmission template around the context related to the main transmission path, and the drill pipe vibration decision body generates the template income and template fluctuation of each transmission template around the context related to the continuation path, and does not directly output the carrier selection result. S34. Send the transmission template set into the transmission template set mapping layer, so that cross-carrier incremental redundant hybrid retransmission is written into the transmission template set mapping layer as a structured action space, and write the main transmission path, continuation path and continuation anchor point position for the early switching template, mid-switching template, late switching template and full main transmission template respectively, and retain the transmission template that satisfies the transmission direction constraint. S35. The template revenue and template fluctuation generated by the pressure pulse decision body, the template revenue and template fluctuation generated by the drill pipe vibration decision body, and the transmission template constraints in the transmission template set mapping layer are sent to the combined sampling layer. The combined sampling layer performs combined sampling on the transmission template set around the transmission anchor point to generate the template sampling value of each transmission template. S36. The template sample value is sent to the decision output layer. The execution template neuron selects the transmission template with the highest template sample value as the execution template. The execution template contains the correspondence between the main transmission path, the continuation path, the main body segment, the continuation segment, and the continuation anchor point. The continuation trigger decision neuron generates the continuation trigger decision based on the comparison results of the continuation anchor point position corresponding to the execution template, the current transmittable segment ratio of the main transmission path, the number of consecutive interruptions of the main transmission path, and the recent arrival ratio of the continuation path with the preset switching threshold.

2. The method for efficient bidirectional data transmission between downhole and surface under low-volume flushing fluid conditions as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Step S1 specifically includes: S11. Obtain the current business message, identify the transmission direction of the current business message, and classify the current business message into a business message from underground to the surface or a business message from the surface to underground based on the business content; S12. Obtain the dual-carrier link status corresponding to the current business message at that time, and form pressure pulse link status and drill pipe vibration link status according to the carrier, so that the dual-carrier link status corresponds to the same sending time as the current business message; S13. Divide the current service message into continuous blocks according to the transmission direction and the preset service block length boundary, and determine the service block type, service block length and service block position for each service block according to the order in the current service message; S14. Associate each service block with the transmission direction, pressure pulse link status, and drill pipe vibration link status to form a service block input with context.

3. The method for efficient bidirectional data transmission between downhole and surface under low-volume flushing fluid conditions as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Step S4 specifically includes: S41. Read the correspondence between the main transmission path, continuation path, main body segment, continuation segment and continuation anchor point from the execution template, and identify whether the execution template belongs to the early switch template, mid-switch template, late switch template or full main transmission template, and determine the range of the main body segment of the business block on the main transmission path and the range of the continuation segment on the continuation path accordingly. S42. Send the main body segment into the main transmission path, continuously send the main body segment according to the business block position defined by the execution template, and use the continuation anchor point as the preset truncation position of the main body segment. S43. During the main segment transmission, the continued transmission status of the main transmission path is switched according to the resume trigger determination. When the resume trigger determination meets the switching condition, the continued transmission of the main transmission path after the resume anchor point is stopped, and the unfinished service block part after the resume anchor point is directly determined as the continuation segment. S44. Map the continuation segment to the starting transmission position of the continuation path according to the execution template, so that the continuation path continues to transmit the continuation segment from the position corresponding to the continuation anchor point, and keeps the main segment and the continuation segment connected continuously around the same service block. S45. When the retransmission trigger determination does not meet the switching conditions, the main body segment continues to be sent to the end of the service block along the main transmission path, and the continuation segment in the execution template is kept in a non-sending state, so that the main transmission path completes the entire carrying of the service block. S46. The main body segment completed via the main transmission path and the continuation segment completed via the continuation path are sequentially spliced ​​according to the corresponding positions of the continuation anchor points, or the result of the main transmission path being directly sent to the end of the service block is determined as the complete service block.

4. The method for efficient bidirectional data transmission between downhole and surface under low-volume flushing fluid conditions as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Step S5 specifically includes: S51. Based on the transmission direction and service block type associated with the complete service block, identify the direction of the complete service block to determine whether the complete service block belongs to the underground to surface direction or the surface to underground direction. S52. When a complete business block belongs to a complete business block from downhole to surface, the business content in the complete business block is interpreted in sequence according to the location of the business block, and the interpretation result is converted into the surface control requirements corresponding to the surface control object. S53. When a complete business block belongs to a complete business block from the surface to the downhole, the business content in the complete business block is interpreted in sequence according to the position of the business block, and the interpretation result is converted into downhole execution instructions corresponding to the downhole execution object; S54. Associate the ground control requirements or downhole execution instructions with the transmission direction, service block type and service block length corresponding to the complete service block to form a control service block.

5. The method for efficient bidirectional data transmission between downhole and surface under low-volume flushing fluid conditions as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Step S6 specifically includes: S61. Determine the transmission direction opposite to the complete service block based on the control service block, and divide the control service block into blocks according to the opposite transmission direction to form reverse service blocks; S62. Associate the reverse service block with the context state corresponding to the current dual-carrier link state, and call the transmission template set, execution template and resuming anchor point that satisfy the opposite transmission direction constraints to determine the main transmission path, resuming path, main body segment and continuation segment of the reverse service block; S63. Perform cross-carrier transmission of the reverse service block according to the execution template, and when the switching conditions are met, switch the reverse service block from the main transmission path to the continuation path to complete the transmission based on the continuation anchor point. S64. Receive confirmation for the completed reverse service block, determine the receive confirmation as the execution confirmation, and determine the complete service block and the reverse service block corresponding to the execution confirmation as the bidirectional transmission result.

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