Method for inducing long-term red body color of cichlasoma managuense

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for inducing a long-term red body color in koi carp. The specific process is as follows: using a lighting device with a spectral wavelength of 580nm±10nm, the light intensity at the water surface reaches no less than 1.5W / m². 2 The invention involves providing light for more than 90 days, which induces a vibrant red color in koi carp during the breeding process, and this color remains for at least 7 days after the light is removed. This invention is applicable to large-scale, intensive factory farming, enhancing the formation of red body color in koi carp, thus increasing their market value. Furthermore, the method is simple, low-cost, and easy to promote.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of aquaculture technology, specifically relating to a method for inducing koi to maintain a long-term red body color. Background Technology

[0002] Koi, belonging to the class Actinopterygii, order Cypriniformes, family Cyprinidae, and genus Cyprini, is one of my country's important ornamental fish species. Its vibrant and diverse body colors give it significant ornamental and economic value. Body color is an important selective trait, and through breeding and selection, over 100 varieties with phenotypic differences in body color have been developed (DE KOCK S, GOMELSKY B. Japanese Ornamental Koi Carp: Origin, Variation and Genetics [M]. Biology and Ecology of Carp. 2015: 27-53). Red and white koi, as a representative variety of koi, have their market value closely related to their red body color. Therefore, improving the body color trait is particularly important and effective in increasing the market value of koi.

[0003] The color patterns of koi carp originate from early neural crest cells and have multiple biological functions, including social interaction (GUR D, BAIN EJ, JOHNSON KR, et al. In situ differentiation of iridophore crystallotypes underlies zebrafish stripe patterning [J]. Nature Communications, 2020, 11(1): 6391; HAYASHI K, TACHIHARA K, REIMER JD, et al. Colour patterns influence symbiosis and competition in the anemonefish-hostanemone symbiosis system [J]. Proceedings. Biological Sciences, 2022, 289(1984): 20221576) and predator avoidance (MATCHETTE SR, HAMILTON NM, SCHNEIDER J, et al. Predators hide against similarly colored species to camouflage on the move [J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society). B: Biological Sciences, 2025, 292(2061): 20252215; Plasticity in Animal Pigmentation: Emerging Processes UnderlyingColor Changes [J].Integrative Comparative Biology, 2020, 60(6): 1531-43), which is also an important indicator determining its economic value. There are more than six types of pigment cells in bony fish: melanocytes, erythrocytes, xanthophyllocytes, iridochromocytes, leukocytes, and cyanocytes, etc. (PATTERSON LB, PARICHY DM. Zebrafish Pigment Pattern Formation: Insights into the Development and Evolution of Adult Form [J]. Annual Review of Genetics, 2019, 53: 505-530; SCHARTL M, LARUE L, GODA M, et al. What is a vertebrate pigment cell? [J]. Pigment Cell Melanoma Research, 2016, 29(1): 8-14). These pigment cells collectively constitute the basis of fish body color diversity.

[0004] Patent document CN202510112564.2 discloses a method for regulating the body color of koi carp, including adjusting the brightness, redness, and yellowness of the koi carp. This is achieved by adding different amounts of astaxanthin and / or lutein to the basic feed, including zero, low, and high amounts. Using this method, the body color of koi carp can be regulated as needed, while controlling the amount of astaxanthin and lutein used and reducing costs. Patent document CN202510041375.0 discloses a feed for increasing the deep red body color of goldfish and its preparation method, relating to the field of fish feed. Long-term feeding of this feed can improve the redness and brightness of the deep red goldfish, resulting in a more beautiful swimming posture and a more rosy color. Both of these methods achieve koi carp body color regulation through feeding.

[0005] The body color of koi is influenced by the interaction of exogenous and endogenous factors (KANIKA NH, HOU X, LIU H, et al. Specific gut microbiome's role in skin pigmentation: insights from SCARB1 mutants in Oujiang colour common carp [J]. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2024, 135(9): lxae226.). When environmental conditions change, the secretion of neuroendocrine hormones MSH and MCH is promoted, leading to rapid changes in physiological body color (CAL L, SUAREZ-BREGUA P, CERDA-REVERTER JM, et al. Fishpigmentation and the melanocortin system [J]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -Part A : Molecular and Integrative Physiology, 2017, 211: 26-33; FENG J, YANG J, JIANG Z, et al. Melatonin modulates the hypothalamic-pituitary neuroendocrine axis to regulate physiological color change inteleost fish [J]. International Journal of Biological Sciences, 2023, 19(9):2914-2933.).This process is rapid and reversible (MIZUSAWA K, KOBAYASHI Y, YAMANOME T, et al. Interrelation between melanocyte-stimulating hormone and melanin-concentrating hormone in physiological body color change: Roles emerging from barfin flounder Verasper moseri [J]. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 2013, 181: 229-34; FENG J, YANG J, JIANG Z, et al. Melatonin modulates thehypothalamic-pituitary neuroendocrine axis to regulate physiological colorchange in teleost fish [J]. International Journal of Biological Sciences, 2023, 19(9): 2914-2933.). Conversely, under long-term stable conditions, fish can genetically influence the proliferation and differentiation of pigment cells (SINGH AP, DINWIDDIE A, MAHALWAR P, et al. Pigment Cell Progenitors in Zebrafish Remain Multipotent through Metamorphosis [J]. Developmental Cell, 2016, 38(3): 316-330; JANG HS, CHEN Y, GE J, et al. Epigenetic dynamics shaping melanophore and iridophore cell fate in zebrafish[J]. Genome Biology, 2021, 22(1): 282.), leading to changes in the number, distribution, and pigment synthesis of pigment cells, resulting in changes in morphological body color. Based on this characteristic, there is currently a lighting application technology in the industry for the short-term formation of yellow body color in fish, but as important ornamental fish, short-term body color changes cannot meet market demand. Currently, there is a lack of technology that can cause long-term changes in fish body color. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems in existing breeding models and to provide a method for inducing koi to maintain a long-term red body color. This method can enable koi to maintain a bright red body color for a long period of time at a low cost. The equipment is simple, there are no special restrictions except for light intensity, and the implementation method is simple.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a method for inducing koi to maintain a long-term red body color, wherein the lighting equipment is not particularly limited, a lighting device with a spectral wavelength of 580nm±10nm is used, and the light intensity at the water surface reaches not less than 1.5W / m². 2 The light exposure time is greater than 90 days, which induces the koi's body color to be a bright red during the breeding process, and maintains it for at least 7 days after the light is stopped.

[0008] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects and advantages of the technical solution of this invention are: this invention uses 1.5W / m at the water surface. 2 The light intensity, with a spectrum of 580nm±10nm, induces a vibrant red body color in koi carp during the breeding process, which is maintained for at least 7 days after the light is removed. This invention is applicable to large-scale, intensive factory farming, enhancing the formation of red body color in koi carp, helping to increase their market value. Furthermore, the method is simple, low-cost, and easy to promote. Attached Figure Description

[0009] Figure 1 These are the spectral compositions of the two LED light sources used in the verification process of this invention.

[0010] Figure 2 Images of the body color phenotypes of koi carp after 90 days of 580nm light treatment (580nm), 90 days of white light treatment (Broad), and 7 days (7d), 14 days (14d), and 28 days (28d) of white light treatment after 580nm light treatment.

[0011] Figure 3 The L*a*b* values ​​of koi carp were measured after 90 days of 580nm light treatment (580nm), 90 days of white light treatment (Broad), and 7 days (7d), 14 days (14d), and 28 days (28d) of white light treatment after 580nm light treatment. Figure 4 The morphology and quantity of pigments on the scales of koi carp were observed and photographed after 90 days of 580nm light treatment (580nm), 90 days of white light treatment (Broad), and 7 days (7d), 14 days (14d), and 28 days (28d) of white light treatment after 580nm light treatment. Detailed Implementation

[0012] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. Example

[0013] Experimental materials: The pure red koi used in this experiment were raised at the aquaculture base of the College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University. These pure red individuals had undergone three generations of selective breeding, and those with an initial weight of 5.61±0.6g and a body length of 6.2±0.7cm were selected. Before the experiment, they were temporarily kept under natural light for one week at a water temperature of 25±1℃.

[0014] The equipment used in this experiment includes an LED light source, a microscope, and a spectrophotometer.

[0015] Experimental methods: Experiment 1: Select pure red koi with good condition and uniform body color. After raising them under a 580nm wavelength spectrum for 90 days, photograph the body color of the fish, measure the color value, and observe and photograph the pigment cells of the scales.

[0016] Experiment 2: Select pure red koi with good condition and uniform body color. After raising them under white light in a simulated factory farming environment for 90 days, photograph the body color of the fish, measure the color value, and observe and photograph the pigment cells on the scales.

[0017] Experiment 3: After being raised under a 580nm wavelength spectrum for 90 days, the fish were then raised under white light for 7, 14, and 28 days. The phenotype of the fish was recorded and photographed at each time point.

[0018] Experimental results: The spectral composition of the LED light source used in this experiment is as follows: Figure 1 As shown.

[0019] After being raised for 90 days under a 580nm wavelength spectrum, the koi's body color became noticeably redder, with lower brightness and higher red-green saturation, and the number of pigment cells was greater and more dispersed.

[0020] After 90 days of simulated factory farming under white light, the koi carp had a lighter body color and a significantly higher brightness than those treated with 580nm light. At the same time, the red and green hues were significantly lower than those treated with 580nm light, and the number of pigment cells was lower and the degree of shrinkage was higher.

[0021] Pure red koi raised under 580nm light for 90 days were transferred to white light conditions for 7 days. Their body color was still relatively red. After 14 days in white light conditions, their body color was significantly reduced. After 28 days in white light conditions, their red color was similar to that of individuals raised under white light conditions.

[0022] This invention employs a water surface strength of 1.5 W / m. 2Illumination equipment with a wavelength of 580nm induced the formation of red body color in koi, which could be maintained for at least 7 days after switching to white light. This invention can be used for factory-scale, intensive aquaculture. By selecting lighting at a lower cost, it makes the red body color of pure red koi more vibrant, thereby increasing the economic value of koi. This invention is low-cost, simple, and easy to promote.

[0023] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed.

Claims

1. A method for inducing koi to maintain a long-term red body color, characterized in that: Using lighting equipment with a spectral wavelength of 580nm±10nm, the light intensity at the water surface should reach no less than 1.5W / m. 2 The light exposure time is greater than 90 days, which induces the koi's body color to be a bright red during the breeding process, and maintains it for at least 7 days after the light is stopped.

Images