Panel assembly, glazing assembly, and vehicle

Abstract

This application relates to a panel assembly, a glass assembly, and a vehicle. The panel assembly includes a substrate, a housing, and a sound-emitting unit. The housing is connected to the substrate, and the housing and the substrate together form a sound cavity. The sound cavity has a sound outlet for communicating with the outside. The sound-emitting unit is disposed opposite to the housing in a first direction. The output end of the sound-emitting unit is located within the sound cavity, and at least a portion of the output end of the sound-emitting unit is disposed opposite to the sound outlet in the first direction. Sound waves emitted by the output end of the sound-emitting unit within the sound cavity can be reflected by the panel and then emitted from the sound outlet. The panel assembly of this application reduces the size in the vehicle body height direction, increasing the usable space inside the vehicle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of vehicle technology, and in particular to a panel assembly, glass assembly, and vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Automotive sound units are typically installed inside the body panels, such as in the door panels, dashboard panels, and headliner. In related technologies, a sound unit generally includes a speaker body, which is mounted at an opening in the body panel. The back of the speaker body is located inside the panel (outside the vehicle), while the front faces the interior. When the speaker body operates, the diaphragm vibrates to generate sound waves. These sound waves are emitted through the sound outlet on the front of the speaker body and then transmitted into the interior space via mesh covers on interior trim components (such as door panels, dashboards, and headliner trim). This installation method relies on the body panel as the mounting base and rear cavity structure for the speaker, resulting in a relatively large overall weight for the speaker body and its mounting structure, which is detrimental to overall vehicle weight reduction.

[0003] To reduce weight and simplify structure, the industry is considering mounting the sound unit directly onto vehicle glass (such as sunroof and side window glass), using the glass as a mounting base for the sound unit or even as a vibrating component. However, mounting the sound unit directly onto the glass presents new problems. For example, when a sound unit needs to be installed between the sunroof and the roof, the vertical (Z-axis) space in that area is extremely limited. If a circular speaker is used and its axis is arranged parallel to the vehicle's height, it will occupy a large dimension in the vertical direction, reducing the usable space inside the vehicle and hindering overall vehicle design and application. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a panel assembly, glass assembly, and vehicle that reduces the size in the vehicle height direction and increases the usable interior space.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a panel assembly, including:

[0006] substrate;

[0007] A housing connected to the substrate, wherein the housing and the substrate enclose a sound cavity, and the sound cavity has a sound outlet for communicating with the outside.

[0008] A sound-generating unit is disposed opposite to the housing in a first direction. The output end of the sound-generating unit is located inside the sound cavity. At least a portion of the output end of the sound-generating unit and the sound outlet are disposed opposite to each other in the first direction. The sound waves emitted by the output end of the sound-generating unit inside the sound cavity can be reflected by the substrate and then transmitted out from the sound outlet.

[0009] In one embodiment, the sound cavity has an arc-shaped sound guiding surface on the side opposite to the substrate in the second direction, and the first direction intersects the second direction.

[0010] In one embodiment, the distance between the arcuate sound-guiding surface and the substrate decreases in the second direction along the first direction from the sound-generating unit to the sound outlet.

[0011] In one embodiment, the housing is provided with a plurality of sound-guiding grilles, the plurality of sound-guiding grilles are located in the sound cavity, the plurality of sound-guiding grilles are spaced apart in a third direction, and a plurality of sound-guiding channels are formed between adjacent sound-guiding grilles and between the sound-guiding grilles and the inner wall of the sound cavity, the first direction and the third direction intersect.

[0012] In one embodiment, a transition rounded corner is provided at the junction between the sound guide grille and the inner wall of the sound cavity;

[0013] And / or, the thickness of the sound-guiding grille in the third direction decreases in the second direction from the housing to the substrate, and the first direction, the second direction and the third direction intersect each other.

[0014] In one embodiment, the minimum distance between the output end of the sound-generating unit and the sound-guiding grille in the first direction is M, where 1mm ≤ M ≤ 3mm.

[0015] In one embodiment, in the second direction, the maximum distance between the outer wall of the housing and the side of the substrate facing the housing is L, where L ≤ 27 mm, and the second direction intersects the first direction.

[0016] In one embodiment, the lower limit of the low frequency of the sound wave emitted from the sound outlet is less than or equal to 150 Hz.

[0017] In one embodiment, the housing is made of a material that suppresses standing waves.

[0018] In one embodiment, the sound-generating unit includes a support, an electromagnetic component, a flexible surround, and a diaphragm. The support is connected to the housing, the electromagnetic component is connected to the support, the flexible surround is connected to the housing and located within the sound cavity, and the diaphragm is connected to the flexible surround and located within the sound cavity.

[0019] The electromagnetic component is energized to form a magnetic field, which drives the diaphragm to reciprocate in the first direction to emit sound waves.

[0020] In one embodiment, the electromagnetic component includes a magnetic element and a voice coil, the magnetic element being connected to the bracket, the voice coil being sleeved outside the magnetic element, and the voice coil being connected to the diaphragm;

[0021] And / or, the magnetic component includes a plurality of permanent magnets, which are arranged sequentially in the first direction and are fitted together between adjacent permanent magnets.

[0022] In one embodiment, the sound-generating unit further includes a dustproof and breathable component, the bracket and the housing together form a mounting cavity, the electromagnetic component is located in the mounting cavity, the side wall of the bracket has a mounting hole communicating with the mounting cavity, and the dustproof and breathable component is installed in the mounting hole.

[0023] In one embodiment, the distance between the two opposing side walls of the sound cavity increases in a third direction along the first direction from the sound-generating unit toward the sound outlet, and the first direction intersects the third direction.

[0024] In one embodiment, in the second direction, the maximum distance from the output end of the sound-generating unit to the side surface of the substrate facing the sound cavity is N1, and the maximum distance from the sound outlet to the side surface of the substrate facing the sound cavity is N2, 0.9 < N2 / N1 < 1, and the second direction intersects the first direction.

[0025] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a glass assembly including the panel assembly described in any one of the first aspects, wherein the substrate is a vehicle window glass.

[0026] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a vehicle, including a body and the glass assembly described in the second aspect, wherein the body is connected to the window glass.

[0027] In the aforementioned panel assembly, the housing and substrate enclose a sound cavity, and the sound-emitting unit is positioned opposite to the housing in a first direction, which reduces the size of the panel assembly in the vehicle body height direction. Furthermore, at least a portion of the output end of the sound-emitting unit and the sound outlet are positioned opposite each other in the first direction, reducing sound wave reflection / refraction within the sound cavity as it propagates along the first direction. Simultaneously, sound waves emitted from the output end of the sound-emitting unit within the sound cavity can be reflected by the panel and emitted from the sound outlet. This allows the sound waves to be directly transmitted to the panel without multiple reflections / refractions, enabling the sound waves to form a uniform sound field on the panel surface facing the sound cavity. This improves the low-frequency performance of the panel assembly and reduces distortion. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a panel assembly in one embodiment of this application.

[0029] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the panel assembly in one embodiment of this application.

[0030] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of a panel assembly in one embodiment of this application.

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sound-generating unit and the housing in one embodiment of this application.

[0032] Figure 5 This is a structural schematic diagram of the sound-generating unit and the housing from another perspective in one embodiment of this application.

[0033] Figure 6 This is a top view of a panel assembly in one embodiment of this application.

[0034] Figure 7 This is an exploded view of the sound-generating unit and the housing in one embodiment of this application.

[0035] Figure 8 This is an exploded view of the panel assembly from another perspective in one embodiment of this application.

[0036] Figure 9 This is a diagram of the fundamental frequency plus harmonic distortion components of panel components in related technologies.

[0037] Figure 10 This is a diagram of the fundamental frequency plus harmonic distortion components of a panel assembly in one embodiment of this application.

[0038] The attached figures are labeled as follows:

[0039] 1. Substrate; 2. Housing; 21. Sound guide grille; 22. Transition rounded corner; 3. Sound cavity; 31. Sound outlet; 32. Arc-shaped sound guide surface; 4. Sound generating unit; 41. Bracket; 411. Bracket body; 4111. Mounting hole; 412. Connector; 4121. Guide groove; 42. Electromagnetic component; 421. Magnetic component; 4211. Permanent magnet; 422. Voice coil; 43. Flexible surround; 44. Diaphragm; 45. Dustproof and breathable component; 5. Mounting cavity. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0041] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 An embodiment of this application provides a panel assembly including a substrate 1, a housing 2, and a sound-emitting unit 4. The housing 2 is connected to the substrate 1, and the housing 2 and substrate 1 together form a sound cavity 3. The sound cavity 3 has a sound outlet 31 for communicating with the outside. Compared to related technologies where the housing forms the sound cavity separately, this reduces the size of the panel assembly in the vehicle height direction. Furthermore, the sound-emitting unit 4 is disposed opposite to the housing 2 in a first direction, and both the sound-emitting unit 4 and the housing 2 are arranged in the first direction, further reducing the size of the panel assembly in the vehicle height direction. The output end of the sound-emitting unit 4 is located inside the sound cavity 3, and at least a portion of the output end of the sound-emitting unit 4 is disposed opposite to the sound outlet 31 in the first direction. When sound waves propagate along the first direction, reflection / refraction of sound waves within the sound cavity 3 can be reduced. Meanwhile, the sound waves emitted by the output end of the sound unit 4 in the sound cavity 3 can be reflected by the substrate 1 and transmitted out from the sound outlet 31. The sound waves can be directly transmitted to the substrate 1 without going through multiple reflections / refractions, so that the sound waves can form a uniform sound field on the side surface of the substrate 1 facing the sound cavity 3. The sound waves are uniformly reflected to the ears of the driver and passengers through the substrate 1, which improves the low-frequency effect of the panel assembly and reduces distortion.

[0042] It should be noted that, as Figure 4 As shown, the housing 2 has a cavity inside. The cavity has openings on the side away from the sound-generating unit 4 in a first direction and on the side facing the substrate 1 in a second direction. When the housing 2 is connected to the substrate 1, the housing 2 and the substrate 1 together form a sound cavity 3 and a sound outlet 31. Figure 3 As shown, the output end of the sound-generating unit 4 extends in the first direction. Simultaneously, on a plane perpendicular to the first direction, the projection of the output end of the sound-generating unit 4 at least partially coincides with the projection of the sound outlet 31. This indicates that the output end of the sound-generating unit 4 and at least a portion of the sound outlet 31 are arranged opposite each other in the first direction. Specifically, when a three-magnet loudspeaker is selected as the sound-generating unit 4, as... Figure 3 As shown, the voice coil 422 and the diaphragm 44 are arranged sequentially close to the sound outlet 31 in the first direction. The axis of the voice coil 422 is parallel to the first direction. On the plane perpendicular to the first direction, the projection of the diaphragm 44 and the sound outlet 31 at least partially coincide, which indicates that the diaphragm 44 is arranged opposite to at least part of the sound outlet 31 in the first direction. That is, the output end of the sound generating unit 4 is arranged opposite to at least part of the sound outlet 31 in the first direction.

[0043] In related technologies, the housing and the circular speaker are arranged along the vehicle body height direction. In this application, as... Figure 1 As shown, the sound-emitting unit 4 and the housing 2 are positioned opposite each other in the first direction, further reducing the size of the panel assembly in the vehicle body height direction. It should be noted that, as... Figure 1As shown, the first direction is the length direction of the housing 2 (X-axis direction in the figure), the second direction is the height direction of the housing 2 (Y-axis direction in the figure), and the third direction is the width direction of the housing 2 (Z-axis direction in the figure). The first direction, the second direction, and the third direction intersect each other. In this application, the second direction is parallel to the vehicle height direction.

[0044] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the acoustic cavity 3 has an arc-shaped sound-guiding surface 32 on the side opposite to the substrate 1 in the second direction. After being reflected by the arc-shaped sound-guiding surface 32, the sound waves can be guided to the surface of the substrate 1, which is beneficial to forming a uniform sound field on the surface of the substrate 1. Furthermore, in one embodiment, the arc-shaped sound-guiding surface 32 is a circular arc surface. Since the circular arc has a uniform radius of curvature, the reflection angle of the sound waves is the same at all points on the arc-shaped sound-guiding surface 32, so that the energy distribution is uniform during the process of the sound waves propagating to the surface of the substrate 1 after reflection, forming a uniform sound field, which is beneficial to forming a surround sound field inside the vehicle.

[0045] like Figure 3 As shown, with the volume of the sound cavity 3 remaining unchanged, in order to reduce the transmission resistance of the sound waves transmitted from the output end of the sound unit 4 on the arc-shaped sound guide surface 32, the projection of the arc-shaped sound guide surface 32 on the plane parallel to the first and second directions is an arc. The sound waves can maintain a continuous propagation path when passing through the arc-shaped sound guide surface 32, avoiding sound wave reflection and scattering caused by abrupt changes in the shape of the sound guide surface, thereby significantly reducing the energy loss during sound wave transmission and reducing the distortion of the sound waves.

[0046] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, to reduce the reflection / refraction of sound waves at the sound outlet 31 when propagating along the first direction, in one embodiment, in the second direction, the maximum distance from the output end of the sound-generating unit to the side surface of the substrate 1 facing the sound cavity 3 is N1, and the maximum distance from the sound outlet 31 to the side surface of the substrate 1 facing the sound cavity 3 is N2, where 0.9 < N2 / N1 < 1. If N2 / N1 < 0.9, when the sound wave propagates along the first direction and approaches the sound outlet 31, some of the sound wave cannot be directly transmitted from the sound outlet 31 and needs to be further reflected / refracted on the arc-shaped sound guiding surface 32, reducing the energy of the sound wave. If N2 / N1 > 1, when the sound wave propagates along the first direction to the sound outlet 31, the energy is dispersed and cannot converge, reducing the clarity of the sound wave. N2 / N1 can take values ​​of 0.91, 0.92, or 0.93, etc., and the value of N2 / N1 can be adaptively adjusted according to actual needs.

[0047] Furthermore, such as Figure 3As shown, in one embodiment, the distance between the arc-shaped sound-guiding surface 32 and the substrate 1 decreases in the second direction along the first direction from the sound-generating unit 4 to the sound outlet 31. After the sound wave is emitted from the sound-generating unit 4, it propagates from left to right within the sound cavity 3 to the sound outlet 31. The cross-section of the sound cavity decreases in the plane perpendicular to the first direction. When propagating from a larger cross-section area to a smaller cross-section area, the sound wave can be guided to concentrate in an orderly manner towards the sound outlet 31, effectively suppressing the disorderly diffusion of the sound wave within the sound cavity 3, thereby achieving energy convergence. Furthermore, in order to facilitate the diffusion of the sound wave from the sound outlet 31 within the sound cavity 3 and increase the diffusion range of the sound wave, the distance between the two opposing side walls of the sound cavity 3 in the third direction increases in the first direction from the sound-generating unit 4 to the sound outlet 31. In this way, the cross-section of the sound cavity 3 can smoothly transition in the direction from the sound-generating unit 4 to the sound outlet 31. At the same time, when the sound wave is emitted from the sound cavity 3, it can diffuse outward from multiple directions to form a uniform sound field.

[0048] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, due to the reduction in the size of the panel assembly in the second direction, the volume of the sound cavity 3 decreases. Low-frequency sound waves (with longer wavelengths, typically less than 200Hz) are prone to generating strong standing waves and energy loss within the sound cavity 3, thereby weakening the low-frequency response. To enable the panel assembly to have better low-frequency performance, in one embodiment, the housing 2 is provided with multiple sound guide grilles 21 located within the sound cavity 3. Specifically, the sound guide grilles 21 are located on the arc-shaped sound guide surface 32, and the multiple sound guide grilles 21 are spaced apart in the third direction. Multiple sound guide channels are formed between adjacent sound guide grilles 21 and between the sound guide grilles 21 and the inner wall of the sound cavity 3.

[0049] It should be noted that the sound guide grille 21 has an arc-shaped protruding structure, meaning that after the sound waves are emitted from the output end of the sound-generating unit 4, they are orderly guided to each sound guide channel and then emitted through the sound outlet 31. By constraining and regulating the sound wave propagation path through the sound guide channels, the disordered reflection and scattering of low-frequency sound waves within the sound cavity 3 can be effectively suppressed. At the same time, the synergistic effect of multiple sound guide channels enhances the spatial convergence effect of low-frequency sound energy, improving the sound pressure level and energy transmission efficiency. Furthermore, by synergistically optimizing the phase and propagation direction of the sound waves through the arc-shaped sound guide surface 32 and the sound guide grille 21, impedance mismatch and energy dissipation during sound wave transmission are further reduced, thereby effectively improving the low-frequency sound performance of the panel assembly. In addition, the sound guide grille 21 can also be regarded as a reinforcing rib structure inside the sound cavity 3, improving the structural strength of the shell 2 and reducing abnormal noises caused by resonance within the sound cavity 3.

[0050] Furthermore, such as Figure 4As shown, in one embodiment, a transition fillet 22 is provided at the junction between the sound guide grille 21 and the inner wall of the sound cavity 3. Sharp edges at the junction can cause local reflection, scattering, or turbulent vortexing of sound waves during propagation, resulting in concentrated energy loss in specific areas. The transition fillet 22, through a smooth geometric transition, ensures uniform propagation of sound waves within the sound guide channel, eliminates acoustic interference caused by abrupt geometric changes, and improves the stability of the surround sound field. Furthermore, during the forming process of the sound guide grille 21, the transition fillet 22 reduces stress concentration caused by local geometric changes in the sound guide grille 21, improving the structural stability of the sound guide grille 21 and making it easier to process. Further, in one embodiment, the thickness of the sound guide grille 21 in the third direction decreases in the second direction from the housing 2 towards the substrate 1. When sound waves propagate into the sound guide channel within the sound cavity 3, it effectively reduces reflection and energy loss caused by sudden obstruction, allowing sound waves to enter each sound guide channel more smoothly and improving the continuity of sound wave propagation.

[0051] Furthermore, in this application, the connection between the sound-emitting unit 4 and the housing 2 is detachable. Since the output end of the sound-emitting unit 4 is located inside the sound cavity 3, to avoid interference between the output end of the sound-emitting unit 4 and the sound guide grille 21, such as... Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the minimum distance between the output end of the sound-generating unit and the sound guide grille 21 in the first direction is M, where 1mm ≤ M ≤ 3mm. When M < 1mm, the output end of the sound-generating unit 4 is prone to interference with the sound guide grille 21. When M > 3mm, the distance from the output end of the sound-generating unit 4 to the sound guide channel increases, reducing the guiding effect of the sound guide channel on the sound waves, resulting in poor low-frequency performance of the sound-generating unit. M can be 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, or 3mm, and the value of M can be adaptively adjusted according to actual sound generation requirements.

[0052] Furthermore, in order to control the dimensions of the panel assembly in the second direction, such as Figure 3As shown, in some embodiments, the maximum distance between the outer wall of the housing 2 and the substrate 1 in the second direction is L, where L ≤ 27 mm. That is, the maximum dimension occupied by the panel assembly in the vehicle height direction is less than 27 mm. It should be noted that the value of L is related to the type of sound-generating unit 4 used. The sound-generating unit 4 can be a single-magnet speaker, a dual-magnet speaker, or a triple-magnet speaker, etc., and can be directly purchased. L can be 25 mm, 24 mm, 23 mm, 21 mm, etc. When the sound-generating unit 4 is a triple-magnet speaker, the value of L is smaller, and can be 21 mm. The value of L can be adaptively adjusted according to the actual usage requirements of the panel assembly. Furthermore, in this application, the lower limit of the low frequency of the sound wave transmitted from the sound outlet 31 is less than or equal to 150 Hz, for example, it can reach 120 Hz, 100 Hz, etc. This allows the panel assembly to have a wider low-frequency coverage range. The panel assembly can still maintain effective sound pressure output in the frequency band of 150 Hz and below, thereby expanding the lower limit of low-frequency response and improving the low-frequency performance of the panel assembly.

[0053] It should be noted that the lower frequency limit specifically refers to the frequency at which, under standard testing conditions, the sound pressure level output by the panel assembly decreases by -10 dB relative to the reference sound pressure level. The panel assembly of this application can reduce this frequency to below 150 Hz, thereby achieving a richer low-frequency performance.

[0054] Furthermore, due to the detachable connection between the sound-generating unit 4 and the housing 2, in order to improve the structural strength of the housing 2, eliminate acoustic short circuits within the sound cavity 3, and suppress vibration noise within the sound cavity 3, the housing 2 is made of a material that suppresses standing waves. It should be noted that, in this application, the material that suppresses standing waves specifically refers to a material with high rigidity, high density, and high internal loss, thereby ensuring the loudness, clarity, and smoothness of the sound waves transmitted from the sound outlet 31. Specifically, in some embodiments, the housing 2 is made of materials such as aluminum alloy, fiberglass composite material, or PC material, and the manufacturing material of the housing 2 can be adaptively adjusted according to actual production needs.

[0055] Furthermore, such as Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, the sound-generating unit 4 includes a support 41, an electromagnetic component 42, a flexible folded ring 43, and a diaphragm 44. The support 41 is connected to the housing 2, the electromagnetic component 42 is connected to the support 41, the flexible folded ring 43 is connected to the housing 2 and located within the sound cavity 3, and the diaphragm 44 is connected to the flexible folded ring 43 and located within the sound cavity 3. The electromagnetic component 42, when energized, forms a magnetic field to drive the diaphragm 44 to reciprocate in a first direction, emitting sound waves. Specifically, in one embodiment, the electromagnetic component 42 includes a magnetic element 421 and a voice coil 422. The magnetic element 421 is connected to the support 41, the voice coil 422 is sleeved outside the magnetic element 421, and the voice coil 422 is connected to the diaphragm 44. The flexible surround 43 is bonded to the housing 2 and the diaphragm 44, and the voice coil 422 and the diaphragm 44 are also bonded together. The flexible surround 43 is made of rubber or silicone material. In this way, when the voice coil 422 drives the diaphragm 44 to move, the flexible surround 43 undergoes local synchronous elastic deformation, which can reduce the resistance when the voice coil 422 drives the diaphragm 44 to reciprocate in the first direction.

[0056] It should be noted that the axis of the voice coil 422 is parallel to the first direction. A coil is fitted around the voice coil 422. When the coil is energized, under the action of the magnetic field formed by the magnetic component 421, the voice coil 422 is driven by electromagnetic force to reciprocate in the first direction, so that the diaphragm 44 emits sound waves. Figure 7 As shown, furthermore, in order to reduce the size of the panel assembly in the second direction, in some embodiments, the magnetic element 421 includes a plurality of permanent magnets 4211, which are arranged sequentially in the first direction, with adjacent permanent magnets 4211 bonded together. Thus, the arrangement of the plurality of permanent magnets 4211 in the first direction can reduce the size of the magnetic element 421 in the second direction. Figure 7 As shown, in one embodiment, the number of permanent magnets 4211 is three. In this embodiment, the sound-generating unit 4 adopts a three-magnet loudspeaker, which enables the panel assembly to have a smaller size in the second direction. As shown, in the second direction, the maximum distance from the diaphragm 44 to the side surface of the substrate 1 facing the sound cavity 3 is N1, and the maximum distance from the sound outlet 31 to the side surface of the substrate 1 facing the sound cavity 3 is N2, where 0.9 < N2 / N1 < 1.

[0057] In the above embodiments, the magnetic component 421 is made of multiple permanent magnets 4211. By adjusting the number and shape of the permanent magnets 4211, the magnetic field strength generated by the magnetic component 421 can be quickly adjusted, thereby changing the frequency of the reciprocating motion of the diaphragm 44 in the first direction. This allows for adjustment of the frequency and type of sound waves generated by the panel assembly, enabling the panel assembly to be suitable for different application scenarios. Furthermore, to facilitate the connection between the magnetic component 421 and the support 41, such as... Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, in one embodiment, the bracket 41 includes a bracket body 411 and a connecting seat 412. The connecting seat 412 is made of ferromagnetic material, which is a material that can be strongly magnetized under the action of an external magnetic field. Thus, when the permanent magnet 4211 is installed, it can be attracted to the connecting seat 412.

[0058] like Figure 7 As shown, to guide the voice coil 422 in the first direction, a guide groove 4121 is provided on the connecting seat 412, and the end of the voice coil 422 away from the diaphragm 44 is inserted into the guide groove 4121. Further, as shown in the figure, to increase the volume of the panel assembly, a higher-power sound-generating unit 4 is generally selected, increasing the external dimensions of the sound-generating unit 4. Therefore, in this application, to increase the volume of the panel assembly while reducing its size, multiple electromagnetic components 42 are used, spaced apart in a third-direction upward direction. That is, multiple voice coils 422 and magnetic components 421 are used, each voice coil 422 driving the diaphragm 44 to move with the same amplitude, and they are spaced apart in a third-direction upward direction. Similarly, the number of guide grooves 4121 corresponds one-to-one with the number of voice coils 422. As shown in the figure, in one embodiment, there are 3 electromagnetic components 42 and 3 guide grooves 4121. To facilitate processing, the multiple guide grooves 4121 are interconnected. The number of electromagnetic components 42 can be adaptively adjusted according to the actual usage requirements of the panel assembly.

[0059] It should be noted that the bracket 41 and the housing 2 can be detachably connected by a snap-fit ​​structure, or by threaded fasteners, which facilitates quick assembly and disassembly of the bracket 41 and the housing 2, and improves the assembly and maintenance efficiency of the panel assembly.

[0060] Furthermore, the sound-generating unit 4 also includes a dustproof and breathable component 45, such as... Figure 3 , Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, the bracket 41 and the housing 2 together form a mounting cavity 5. The electromagnetic component 42 is located inside the mounting cavity 5. The side wall of the bracket 41 has a mounting hole 4111 communicating with the mounting cavity 5. A dustproof and breathable component 45 is installed in the mounting hole 4111. The presence of the dustproof and breathable component 45 allows the electromagnetic component 42 to communicate with the external environment and prevents dust from entering the mounting cavity 5, affecting the normal operation of the electromagnetic component 42. At the same time, when the diaphragm 44 reciprocates in the first direction, the air in the mounting cavity 5 can enter and exit the mounting cavity 5 through the dustproof and breathable component 45. If the mounting cavity 5 cannot be isolated from the external environment, the diaphragm 44 will be obstructed by the air inside the mounting cavity 5 when it reciprocates in the first direction, resulting in a decrease in the amplitude of the sound wave and affecting the normal operation of the panel component. It should be noted that the dustproof and breathable component 45 can be a dustproof and breathable membrane, which can be cut according to the size of the mounting hole 4111 and fixed in the mounting hole 4111 with adhesive, which is convenient for installation.

[0061] To verify the distortion of the panel assembly in this application, a comparative test was conducted on panel assemblies from related technologies and the panel assembly of this application in a fully anechoic chamber. The test signal was a swept-frequency signal with a frequency range of 20Hz-20kHz, the input voltage was 1.41V, the measurement distance was 1m, and the fundamental frequency and harmonic distortion components were recorded. Under identical test conditions, the measured sound wave frequency changes were as follows: Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown. Comparison Figure 9 and Figure 10 It is known that when the frequency of the sound wave exceeds 2kHz, the sound wave variation fluctuation of the panel component in this application is significantly smaller than that in related technologies, indicating that the panel component of this application can reduce sound wave distortion and improve high-frequency sound quality. The panel component in this application has better audio effects and can simultaneously improve low-frequency and high-frequency effects. It should be noted that... Figure 9 and Figure 10 In the figure, the horizontal axis represents the frequency of the sound wave, and the vertical axis represents the sound pressure level (dB SPL, reference 20µPa).

[0062] Based on the same concept, this application also provides a glass assembly, including the panel assembly described above. When the substrate 1 is a vehicle window glass, the panel assembly is the glass assembly. In some other embodiments, the substrate 1 may be a roof, interior panel, exterior panel, or door panel, and the housing 2 may be connected to the corresponding substrate 1 according to the actual installation position of the panel assembly. It should be noted that the substrate 1 may be made of glass, metal, plastic, or wood, and the material of the substrate 1 varies according to the actual installation position of the panel assembly.

[0063] To facilitate the connection between the substrate 1 and the housing 2, in some embodiments, the substrate 1 and the housing 2 are connected by adhesive bonding or by edge-sealing injection molding. For example... Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, substrate 1 and housing 2 are bonded together in the second direction. Adhesive can be directly applied to the opposite sidewalls of housing 2 and substrate 1, enabling rapid fixation of substrate 1 to the panel assembly. When improved installation accuracy of substrate 1 and panel assembly is required, substrate 1 and housing 2 are connected via edge-wrapping injection molding. That is, after panel assembly is completed, it is placed into an injection mold along with substrate 1. By positioning substrate 1 and panel assembly within the mold, installation accuracy is improved. An edge-wrapping structure is formed at the interface where substrate 1 and housing 2 are bonded, thus securing substrate 1 to the panel assembly. The connection method between substrate 1 and panel assembly can be adaptively adjusted according to actual production needs.

[0064] It should be noted that in the above glass assembly, the substrate 1 and the housing 2 are directly fixed by adhesive bonding or directly connected by edge injection molding process, which can make the glass assembly have a smaller size in the height direction of the vehicle body. In some other embodiments, auxiliary parts can also be provided to indirectly connect the substrate 1 and the housing 2, provided that the maximum distance L between the outer wall of the housing 2 and the substrate 1 is ≤27mm.

[0065] Based on the same concept, this application also provides a vehicle, including a body and the aforementioned glass assembly, with the body and the glass assembly connected to the window glass. When the glass assembly is connected to the body, it is one of the vehicle's sunroof, side window, windshield, or rear windshield. The panel assembly is mounted on the surface of the substrate 1 facing the vehicle interior, preventing the panel assembly from being exposed to the external environment and subjected to wind, rain, dust, etc. The glass assembly is securely mounted through the body, adapting to the vibrations and bumps during vehicle operation, facilitating stable operation of the panel assembly, and creating a stable sound field within the vehicle cabin.

[0066] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0067] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A panel assembly, characterized in that, include: substrate; A housing connected to the substrate, wherein the housing and the substrate enclose a sound cavity, and the sound cavity has a sound outlet for communicating with the outside. A sound-generating unit is disposed opposite to the housing in a first direction. The output end of the sound-generating unit is located inside the sound cavity. At least a portion of the output end of the sound-generating unit and the sound outlet are disposed opposite to each other in the first direction. The sound waves emitted by the output end of the sound-generating unit inside the sound cavity can be reflected by the substrate and then transmitted out from the sound outlet.

2. The panel assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sound cavity has an arc-shaped sound guiding surface on the side opposite to the substrate in the second direction, and the first direction intersects with the second direction.

3. The panel assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the direction from the sound-generating unit to the sound outlet along the first direction, the distance between the arc-shaped sound-guiding surface and the substrate decreases in the second direction.

4. The panel assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The housing is provided with a plurality of sound guiding grilles, which are located inside the sound cavity. The plurality of sound guiding grilles are spaced apart in a third direction. A plurality of sound guiding channels are formed between adjacent sound guiding grilles and between the sound guiding grilles and the inner wall of the sound cavity. The first direction and the third direction intersect.

5. The panel assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that, The junction between the sound guide grille and the inner wall of the sound cavity is provided with a transition rounded corner; And / or, the thickness of the sound-guiding grille in the third direction decreases in the second direction from the housing to the substrate, and the first direction, the second direction and the third direction intersect each other.

6. The panel assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that, The minimum distance between the output end of the sound-generating unit and the sound guide grille in the first direction is M, where 1mm ≤ M ≤ 3mm.

7. The panel assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the second direction, the maximum distance between the outer wall of the housing and the side of the substrate facing the housing is L, where L ≤ 27 mm, and the second direction intersects with the first direction.

8. The panel assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower limit of the low frequency of the sound wave transmitted from the sound outlet is less than or equal to 150Hz.

9. The panel assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The housing is made of a material that suppresses standing waves.

10. The panel assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sound-generating unit includes a support, an electromagnetic component, a flexible surround, and a diaphragm. The support is connected to the housing, the electromagnetic component is connected to the support, the flexible surround is connected to the housing and located within the sound cavity, and the diaphragm is connected to the flexible surround and located within the sound cavity. The electromagnetic component is energized to form a magnetic field, which drives the diaphragm to reciprocate in the first direction to emit sound waves.

11. The panel assembly according to claim 10, characterized in that, The electromagnetic component includes a magnetic element and a voice coil. The magnetic element is connected to the bracket, and the voice coil is sleeved outside the magnetic element and connected to the diaphragm. And / or, the magnetic component includes a plurality of permanent magnets, which are arranged sequentially in the first direction and are fitted together between adjacent permanent magnets.

12. The panel assembly according to claim 10, characterized in that, The sound-generating unit also includes a dustproof and breathable component. The bracket and the housing together form a mounting cavity. The electromagnetic component is located inside the mounting cavity. The side wall of the bracket has a mounting hole that communicates with the mounting cavity. The dustproof and breathable component is installed in the mounting hole.

13. The panel assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, Along the first direction from the sound-generating unit toward the sound outlet, the distance between the two opposing side walls of the sound cavity increases in the third direction, and the first direction intersects with the third direction.

14. The panel assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the second direction, the maximum distance from the output end of the sound-generating unit to the side surface of the substrate facing the sound cavity is N1, and the maximum distance from the sound outlet to the side surface of the substrate facing the sound cavity is N2, 0.9 < N2 / N1 < 1, and the second direction intersects with the first direction.

15. A glass assembly, characterized in that, The panel assembly includes any one of claims 1-14, wherein the substrate is a vehicle window glass.

16. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle includes a vehicle body and the glass assembly as described in claim 15, wherein the vehicle body is connected to the window glass.

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