High-damping machine tool component and precision molding method

Abstract

This invention discloses a high-damping machine tool component and a precision molding method. The first composite material of the surface layer includes a first aggregate, a first mineral powder, a fiber mixture, modified epoxy resin, functional filler, antimony additive, bismuth additive, and defoamer. The base layer is formed by curing a second composite material, which includes a second aggregate, quartz sand, a second mineral powder, reinforcing fibers, modified epoxy resin, functional filler, antimony additive, bismuth additive, and defoamer. This machine tool component, through its double-layer structure design of the surface and base layers and the synergistic effect of antimony, bismuth, and modified epoxy resin, significantly improves damping performance, dimensional stability, and crack resistance (compression, bending, and tensile strength) while maintaining high specific stiffness. It possesses excellent vibration absorption and damping capabilities, a low coefficient of thermal expansion, and lightweight characteristics, effectively suppressing vibration and thermal deformation during processing. It is particularly suitable for high-speed, high-precision CNC machine tool beds.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of machine tool component technology, specifically to a high-damping machine tool component and a precision forming method. Background Technology

[0002] As the fundamental supporting component of a machine tool, the machine tool bed's dynamic characteristics directly affect the machining accuracy and stability of the machine tool. Traditional machine tool beds are mostly made of cast iron, such as HT250 and HT300. Cast iron has high compressive strength and good casting properties, but its damping ratio is typically low (approximately 0.5 × 10⁻⁶). -3 ~1.0×10 -3 Cast iron machine beds are prone to vibration under high-speed cutting or complex working conditions, leading to decreased machining accuracy, poor surface quality, and even affecting tool life. Furthermore, cast iron beds have a high density (approximately 7.2 g / cm³) and are heavy, increasing the machine tool's energy consumption and kinetic inertia. To overcome the shortcomings of cast iron beds, the use of natural granite for machine tool beds has emerged in recent years. Natural granite possesses high specific stiffness and good damping performance (damping ratio approximately 2.0 × 10⁻⁶). -3 ~3.0×10 -3 However, natural granite is difficult and costly to process, and its size and internal defects limit its ability to manufacture large and complex bed structures. Furthermore, the damping properties of natural granite are insufficient to meet the demands of ultra-precision machining.

[0003] Mineral castings, as a novel type of machine tool structural material, are composed of natural aggregates and resin binders, possessing both high damping performance and good molding freedom. Current mineral casting technologies mostly employ single-layer homogeneous structures, which, while improving damping performance to some extent, still suffer from the following problems: First, the resin curing shrinkage rate is large, leading to insufficient dimensional stability of the components; second, the aggregate gradation is singular, making it difficult to simultaneously achieve surface precision and base layer stiffness; third, the thermal expansion coefficient of the resin system does not match that of the aggregate, easily generating internal stress and microcracks during temperature changes, affecting long-term stability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing machine tool beds, this invention provides a high-damping machine tool component. Through a double-layer structure design of the surface and base layers, and the synergistic effect of antimony, bismuth elements, and modified epoxy resin, it significantly improves damping performance, dimensional stability, and crack resistance (compression, bending, and tensile strength) while maintaining high specific stiffness. It has excellent vibration absorption and damping capabilities, a low coefficient of thermal expansion, and lightweight characteristics, effectively suppressing vibration and thermal deformation during processing. It is particularly suitable for high-speed, high-precision CNC machine tool beds.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a high-damping machine tool component, comprising a surface layer and a base layer;

[0006] The surface layer is formed by curing a first composite material, the first composite material comprising:

[0007] The first aggregate is 65±2 parts.

[0008] 20±2 parts of the first mineral powder

[0009] 1.5-2 parts fiber mixture,

[0010] 7±1 parts of modified epoxy resin,

[0011] Hardener 3 ± 0.5 parts,

[0012] 5±1 parts of functional filler

[0013] Defoamer 0.07±0.01 parts,

[0014] Antimony additive, wherein the amount of antimony additive added is 0.25% ± 0.02% of the total weight of the modified epoxy resin and curing agent in the first composite material.

[0015] Bismuth additive, wherein the amount of bismuth additive added is 0.25% ± 0.02% of the total weight of the modified epoxy resin and curing agent in the first composite material;

[0016] The base layer is formed by curing a second composite material, the second composite material comprising:

[0017] The second aggregate was 63±2 parts.

[0018] Quartz sand 14±2 parts,

[0019] 14±2 parts of the second mineral powder

[0020] Reinforcing fiber 1±0.2 parts,

[0021] 5±1 parts of modified epoxy resin,

[0022] Hardener 2 ± 0.5 parts,

[0023] Functional filler 1 ± 0.2 parts,

[0024] Defoamer 0.07±0.01 parts,

[0025] Antimony additive, wherein the amount of antimony additive added is 0.25% ± 0.02% of the total weight of the modified epoxy resin and curing agent in the second composite material.

[0026] Bismuth additive, wherein the amount of bismuth additive added is 0.25% ± 0.02% of the total weight of modified epoxy resin and curing agent in the second composite material.

[0027] Furthermore, the first aggregate in the surface layer is selected from at least one of basalt, granite, and quartz, with a particle size of 2-5 mm; the first mineral powder is selected from at least one of basalt powder and granite powder, with a fineness of 200-300 mesh.

[0028] Furthermore, the second aggregate in the base layer is selected from at least one of basalt and granite, with a particle size of 10-15 mm; the second mineral powder is selected from at least one of basalt powder and granite powder, with a fineness of 200-300 mesh; and the reinforcing fiber is chopped basalt fiber.

[0029] Furthermore, the functional filler includes at least one of alumina powder and silica powder.

[0030] Furthermore, the surface layer has a thickness of 100-200 mm; the base layer has a thickness of 300-600 mm.

[0031] Furthermore, the fiber mixture is composed of metal fibers and mineral material fibers.

[0032] Furthermore, the curing agent is composed of 30-70% polyetheramine and 30-70% alicyclic amine.

[0033] On the other hand, the precision forming method for the high-damping machine tool component includes the following steps:

[0034] S1: Stir the modified epoxy resin, curing agent, antimony additive, bismuth additive, and defoamer at room temperature for 5-10 minutes until they are evenly mixed to obtain the first modified resin mixture.

[0035] S2: The first aggregate is de-edged and cornered, retaining surface roughness. It is heated to 120-130℃ and held for 10-20 minutes to remove moisture, then naturally cooled to 50-60℃. The first aggregate and fiber mixture are mixed and kneaded evenly to obtain the first main mixture. The first mineral powder and functional filler are mixed and kneaded evenly to obtain the first auxiliary mixture. The first modified resin mixture is added to the first main mixture using a spray method, and vacuum kneaded and stirred evenly to increase the adhesion between the raw materials. The first auxiliary mixture is then added, and stirring is continued for 5-8 minutes until evenly mixed to obtain the first composite material.

[0036] S3: The first composite material is poured into the mold, fed onto the vibrating table and vibrated to compact it. After one vibration and two pressure vibrations, the surface is formed; then the surface is roughened.

[0037] S4: Mix the modified epoxy resin, curing agent, antimony additive, bismuth additive, and defoamer at room temperature for 5-10 minutes until homogeneous to obtain the second modified resin mixture; De-edge and remove the corners of the second aggregate, retaining surface roughness, and dry it until the moisture content is qualified to remove moisture, then cool it to 50-60℃; First, mix and knead the second aggregate, quartz sand, and reinforcing fiber evenly to obtain the second main mixture; Then, mix and knead the second mineral powder and functional filler evenly to obtain the second auxiliary mixture; Add the second modified resin mixture to the second main mixture using a spray method, and vacuum knead and stir evenly to increase the adhesion between the raw materials; Then add the second auxiliary mixture and continue stirring for 5-8 minutes until homogeneous to obtain the second composite material;

[0038] S5: The second composite material is cast onto the surface layer, and the material is placed on a vibrating table and vibrated to compact it. After one vibration and two pressure vibrations, the base layer is formed.

[0039] S6: After molding, heat preservation and curing are carried out, followed by natural cooling to obtain the finished machine tool component.

[0040] Furthermore, in S3 and S5, the vibration is performed using a high-frequency vibration table with a vibration frequency of 50-70Hz, a single vibration time of 10-20min, and a secondary pressure vibration with a pressure of 2-5T and a vibration time of 5-15min.

[0041] Furthermore, in S6, the heat preservation temperature is 40-50℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-15 hours.

[0042] The high-damping machine tool component of this invention has the following beneficial effects: its damping performance is far superior to that of gray cast iron and natural granite, effectively suppressing machining vibration; its compressive and bending strength meets the requirements for machine tool beds and is comparable to that of mineral castings; its linear expansion coefficient is comparable to that of mineral castings, and the addition of antimony and bismuth significantly reduces the thermal expansion and contraction rate of modified epoxy resin, which is superior to that of unmodified mineral castings; its density is only 1 / 3 that of gray cast iron, and its specific stiffness is much higher than that of gray cast iron and granite, which is beneficial for high-speed movement and energy saving; its low thermal conductivity reduces the impact of thermal deformation. Therefore, compared with existing technologies (gray cast iron beds, natural granite beds, and ordinary mineral castings), this invention significantly improves damping performance and dimensional stability while maintaining high stiffness, making it particularly suitable for high-speed, high-precision CNC machine tool beds. Attached Figure Description

[0043] Figure 1 This is an amplitude waveform diagram of the machine tool component in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 2 This is an amplitude waveform diagram of the machine tool component in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 3 This is an amplitude waveform diagram of the machine tool component in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 4 This is a waveform diagram of the amplitude of the machine tool component in Comparative Example 1 of this invention.

[0047] Figure 5 This is a waveform diagram of the amplitude of the machine tool component in Comparative Example 2 of this invention.

[0048] Figure 6 This is the amplitude waveform diagram of the machine tool component in Comparative Example 3 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] This invention provides a high-damping machine tool component, comprising a surface layer and a base layer;

[0051] The surface layer is formed by curing a first composite material, the first composite material comprising:

[0052] The first aggregate is 65±2 parts.

[0053] 20±2 parts of the first mineral powder

[0054] 1.5-2 parts fiber mixture,

[0055] 7±1 parts of modified epoxy resin,

[0056] Hardener 3 ± 0.5 parts,

[0057] 5±1 parts of functional filler

[0058] Polydimethylsiloxane defoamer 0.07±0.01 parts,

[0059] Antimony additive, wherein the amount of antimony additive added is 0.25% ± 0.02% of the total weight of the modified epoxy resin and curing agent in the first composite material.

[0060] Bismuth additive, wherein the amount of bismuth additive added is 0.25% ± 0.02% of the total weight of the modified epoxy resin and curing agent in the first composite material;

[0061] The base layer is formed by curing a second composite material, the second composite material comprising:

[0062] The second aggregate was 63±2 parts.

[0063] Quartz sand 14±2 parts,

[0064] 14±2 parts of the second mineral powder

[0065] Reinforcing fiber 1±0.2 parts,

[0066] 5±1 parts of modified epoxy resin,

[0067] Hardener 2 ± 0.5 parts,

[0068] Functional filler 1 ± 0.2 parts,

[0069] Polydimethylsiloxane defoamer 0.07±0.01 parts,

[0070] Antimony additive, wherein the amount of antimony additive added is 0.25% ± 0.02% of the total weight of the modified epoxy resin and curing agent in the second composite material.

[0071] Bismuth additive, wherein the amount of bismuth additive added is 0.25% ± 0.02% of the total weight of modified epoxy resin and curing agent in the second composite material.

[0072] The high-damping machine tool component (machine bed) of this invention forms a gradient damping structure through a double-layer structure of a surface layer and a base layer. The surface layer uses smaller-diameter aggregate and a higher resin content, giving the component excellent surface precision and damping performance; the base layer uses larger-diameter aggregate and reinforcing fibers, providing high rigidity and load-bearing capacity. The combination of the two layers enables the machine tool component to possess the characteristics of high damping, high strength, and low deformation, effectively suppressing vibration during processing and improving processing accuracy and stability. Polydimethylsiloxane is used as an antifoaming agent to reduce the generation of bubbles during casting, improving the component's density and surface quality.

[0073] In this invention, although antimony additives (such as antimony trioxide) and bismuth additives (such as organobismuth compounds) are used in small amounts, they play a crucial role in regulating the overall performance of the components. Machine tool spindle operation, cutting friction, and changes in ambient temperature all cause fluctuations in the bed temperature. If the bed material undergoes significant thermal expansion and contraction with temperature changes, it will directly affect machining accuracy, causing dimensional deviations or a decrease in surface quality. This invention simultaneously adds antimony and bismuth additives to the modified epoxy resin, primarily to suppress the thermal expansion and contraction of the bed during temperature changes. Epoxy resin itself has a larger coefficient of thermal expansion than natural aggregates; when the temperature rises, the expansion amplitude of the resin is much greater than that of stone aggregates, which generates minute expansion and contraction stresses within the component. This invention discovers that introducing appropriate amounts of antimony and bismuth elements into the resin system can effectively constrain the movement amplitude of the resin molecular chains during temperature changes, thereby reducing the coefficient of thermal expansion of the resin phase. In this way, the dimensional changes of the resin and aggregate during heating or cooling tend to be consistent, significantly reducing the overall thermal expansion and contraction of the component. The machine tool bed can maintain good dimensional accuracy even under temperature variations. Furthermore, antimony and bismuth additives can mitigate the exothermic reaction during resin curing to some extent, reducing internal stress caused by temperature differences during the curing process in thick machine tool beds, further improving the dimensional stability of the component.

[0074] In this invention, the first aggregate in the surface layer is selected from at least one of basalt, granite, and quartz, with a particle size of 2-5 mm; the first mineral powder is selected from at least one of basalt powder and granite powder, with a fineness of 200-300 mesh. The surface aggregate is made of high-hardness, high-density natural minerals such as basalt, granite, and quartz, with a particle size of 2-5 mm and rounded edges, which facilitates tight packing between aggregates and uniform resin coating. The use of 200-300 mesh mineral powder fills the gaps between aggregates, forming a dense structure and further improving the damping ratio and compressive strength of the component.

[0075] In this invention, the second aggregate in the base layer is selected from at least one of basalt and granite, with a particle size of 10-15 mm; the second mineral powder is selected from at least one of basalt powder and granite powder, with a fineness of 200-300 mesh; and the reinforcing fiber is chopped basalt fiber. The base layer uses 10-15 mm large-particle-size aggregate to provide high rigidity and flexural strength; the chopped basalt fiber, as a reinforcing phase, forms a three-dimensional network structure in the composite material, playing a toughening and crack-resistant role similar to reinforcing steel, effectively preventing micro-cracks from forming in large machine tool components during curing or use, and ensuring long-term dimensional stability.

[0076] In this invention, the functional filler includes at least one of alumina powder and silica powder. Alumina powder and silica powder, as functional fillers, can further improve the wear resistance, heat resistance, and interfacial bonding strength of the first composite material, while optimizing the compatibility between the resin and the inorganic filler and reducing curing internal stress.

[0077] In this invention, the modified epoxy resin is prepared in the following steps:

[0078] Step 1: Preheat E-51 epoxy resin, polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, and octyl glycidyl ether to 40-50℃ respectively to reduce viscosity and facilitate mixing; polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether acts as a flexible modifier, introducing flexible segments to reduce the brittleness of the resin after curing, improve impact resistance, and reduce internal stress; octyl glycidyl ether acts as an active diluent to reduce viscosity and facilitate mixing and casting with high filler content.

[0079] Step 2: Add 690g of preheated E-51 epoxy resin, 247g of polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, and 124g of octyl glycidyl ether to the reactor in sequence; turn on the stirrer, control the speed at 100-150 rpm, and stir for 5-8 minutes to ensure that the three main materials are fully mixed.

[0080] Step 3: While maintaining stirring, add 1g of BHT antioxidant, 3g of KH-560 coupling agent, and 1g of polydimethylsiloxane defoamer in sequence. Continue stirring for 3-5 minutes to ensure complete dissolution and dispersion of the additives. KH-560 coupling agent forms chemical bonds between the modified epoxy resin and inorganic fillers (aggregates, powders), improving interfacial bonding strength and enhancing the mechanical properties of the composite material. BHT antioxidant inhibits the thermal oxidative aging of the modified epoxy resin during curing and use, extending the service life of the component. Polydimethylsiloxane defoamer reduces porosity defects and improves density and surface quality.

[0081] Step 4: Add 0.2g of triethylamine catalyst, continue stirring for 2-3 minutes until well mixed, and allow to stand for 10-15 minutes under vacuum conditions (vacuum degree ≤ -0.095MPa) to degas, and obtain modified epoxy resin. Then seal and store for later use.

[0082] In this invention, the fiber mixture is composed of metal fibers and mineral fibers. Preferably, the mass ratio of metal fibers to mineral fibers is (40-60%):(40-60%).

[0083] In this invention, the curing agent is composed of 30-70% polyetheramine and 30-70% alicyclic amine. Polyetheramine increases flexibility, while alicyclic amine increases rigidity. When a machine tool bed with high toughness is required, the curing agent uses 70% polyetheramine and 30% alicyclic amine; when a machine tool bed with high rigidity is required, the curing agent uses 30% polyetheramine and 70% alicyclic amine.

[0084] In this invention, the surface layer thickness is 100-200mm; the base layer thickness is 300-600mm. The surface layer and base layer form a reasonable thickness ratio, ensuring that the surface layer of the component has good damping and vibration reduction effects, while the base layer provides sufficient structural rigidity, suitable for the load-bearing requirements of large precision machine tool beds.

[0085] The precision forming method for the high-damping machine tool component includes the following steps:

[0086] S1: Stir the modified epoxy resin, curing agent, antimony additive, bismuth additive, and defoamer at room temperature for 5-10 minutes until they are evenly mixed to obtain the first modified resin mixture.

[0087] S2: The first aggregate is de-edged and cornered, retaining surface roughness. It is heated to 120-130℃ and held for 10-20 minutes to remove moisture, and then naturally cooled to 50-60℃.

[0088] First, mix the first aggregate and fiber mixture, knead them evenly, and obtain the first main mixture material;

[0089] The first mineral powder and functional filler are then mixed and kneaded evenly to obtain the first mixed auxiliary material;

[0090] The first modified resin mixture is added to the first main mixture by spraying, and then vacuum kneaded and stirred evenly to increase the adhesion between the raw materials; then the first auxiliary mixture is added and stirred for 5-8 minutes until it is evenly mixed to obtain the first composite material.

[0091] S3: The first composite material is poured into the mold, fed onto the vibrating table and vibrated to compact it. After one vibration and two pressure vibrations, the surface is formed; then the surface is roughened.

[0092] S4: Stir the modified epoxy resin, curing agent, antimony additive, bismuth additive and defoamer at room temperature for 5-10 minutes, and mix them evenly to obtain the second modified resin mixture.

[0093] The second aggregate is de-edged and cornered, retaining surface roughness, and dried until the moisture content is qualified to remove moisture, and then cooled to 50-60℃;

[0094] First, mix and knead the second aggregate, quartz sand, and reinforcing fiber evenly to obtain the second main mixture.

[0095] The second mineral powder and functional filler are then mixed and kneaded evenly to obtain the second mixed auxiliary material;

[0096] The second modified resin mixture is added to the second main mixture by spraying, and then vacuum kneaded and stirred evenly to increase the adhesion between the raw materials; then the second auxiliary mixture is added and stirred for 5-8 minutes until it is evenly mixed to obtain the second composite material.

[0097] S5: The second composite material is cast onto the surface layer, and the material is placed on a vibrating table and vibrated to compact it. After one vibration and two pressure vibrations, the base layer is formed.

[0098] S6: After molding, heat preservation and curing are carried out, followed by natural cooling to obtain the finished machine tool component.

[0099] In S2, the first modified resin mixture is preferentially sprayed into the skeleton system composed of a large-particle-size first aggregate and a fiber mixture. The kneading shear force causes the resin to preferentially form a uniform adhesive film on the rough surface of the first aggregate and the fiber surface. This avoids the problem in traditional mixing where fine powders, due to their large specific surface area, preemptively adsorb resin, leading to insufficient interfacial bonding strength between aggregates. If the fiber mixture and mineral powder are directly dry-mixed, they are prone to clumping due to static electricity or density differences. Here, the fiber mixture is first kneaded with the moistened first aggregate, dispersing and compacting the fibers onto the surface of the first aggregate, forming a micro-reinforced structure. Simple stirring is insufficient to wet all the aggregates with resin; the kneading process utilizes shear force to forcibly spread the resin onto the aggregate surface. After an adhesive film layer forms on the surface of the first aggregate, a second mixing additive composed of fine mineral powder and functional fillers is added. At this point, the 200-300 mesh fine mineral powder can efficiently embed itself into the gaps between the first aggregate during the mixing process and be captured and adhered by the resin film layer. This achieves both extreme compactness of the aggregate gradation and ensures that the contact points of the first aggregate are connected by a continuous resin phase, thereby synergistically improving the compressive strength and dimensional stability of the component. Step S4 follows the same principle.

[0100] Preferably, in S3 and S5, the vibration is performed using a high-frequency vibration table with a vibration frequency of 50-70Hz and a single vibration time of 10-20 minutes. The secondary pressure vibration has a pressure of 2-5T and a vibration time of 5-15 minutes. By combining high-frequency vibration with secondary pressure vibration, the first composite material is allowed to flow fully and fill densely in the mold, effectively removing air bubbles, eliminating internal pores, improving the density and uniformity of the component, and thus enhancing damping performance and compressive strength.

[0101] Preferably, in S6, the heat preservation temperature is 40-50℃ and the heat preservation time is 10-15H, which provides a suitable temperature environment for resin curing, ensuring the full progress of the curing reaction, avoiding internal stress and microcracks caused by high temperature and rapid curing, and ensuring the dimensional stability of the component.

[0102] The beneficial technical effects of the high-damping machine tool component (machine tool bed) of the present invention will be described below through several embodiments and comparative examples.

[0103] Example 1

[0104] This example of a high-damping machine tool component includes a surface layer (150mm) and a base layer (450mm). The surface layer is formed by curing a first composite material, which includes: 65 parts basalt pebble (particle size 2-5mm), 20 parts basalt powder (200-300 mesh), 2 parts fiber mixture, 7 parts modified epoxy resin, 3 parts curing agent (70% polyetheramine and 30% alicyclic amine), 1 part alumina powder, 4 parts silica powder, 0.025 parts antimony trioxide, 0.025 parts organic bismuth, and 0.07 parts polydimethylsiloxane defoamer. The base layer is formed by curing a second composite material. The second composite material includes: 63 parts basalt pebble (particle size 10-15mm), 14 parts quartz sand (particle size 0.5-1mm), 14 parts basalt powder (200-300 mesh), 1 part short-cut basalt fiber (length 6-12mm), 5 parts modified epoxy resin, 2 parts curing agent (70% polyetheramine and 30% alicyclic amine), 1 part alumina powder, 0.0175 parts antimony trioxide, 0.0175 parts organic bismuth, and 0.07 parts polydimethylsiloxane defoamer.

[0105] The precision forming method for high-damping machine tool components includes the following steps:

[0106] S1: Mix 7 parts of modified epoxy resin, 3 parts of curing agent, 0.025 parts of antimony additive, 0.025 parts of bismuth additive, and 0.07 parts of defoamer at room temperature for 10 minutes. After mixing evenly, the first modified resin mixture is obtained.

[0107] S2: The basalt stones are de-edged and rounded, retaining surface roughness. They are heated to 120℃ and held for 15 minutes to remove moisture, then naturally cooled to 50℃. The basalt stones and fiber mixture are first mixed and kneaded evenly to obtain the first main mixture. The basalt powder, alumina powder, and silica powder are then mixed and kneaded evenly to obtain the first auxiliary mixture. The first modified resin mixture is added to the first main mixture using a spray method, and vacuum kneaded and stirred evenly to increase the adhesion between the raw materials. The first auxiliary mixture is then added, and stirring is continued for 8 minutes until evenly mixed to obtain the first composite material.

[0108] S3: Cast the first composite material into the mold, place it on a 60Hz high-frequency vibration table, and vibrate while feeding the material. After feeding, vibrate for 15 minutes. Apply 3T pressure and vibrate for 10 minutes to remove air bubbles and form a 150mm thick surface layer. Roughen the surface layer. Before the surface layer is cured, roughen the surface with a steel brush.

[0109] S4: Mix 5 parts modified epoxy resin, 2 parts curing agent, 0.0175 parts antimony trioxide, 0.0175 parts organic bismuth, and 0.07 parts polydimethylsiloxane defoamer at room temperature for 10 minutes until homogeneous to obtain the second modified resin mixture. Remove the edges and corners of the basalt stones, retaining surface roughness, and dry them until the moisture content is within acceptable limits to remove excess water. Then cool to 50℃. First, mix and knead the basalt stones, quartz sand, and chopped basalt fibers until homogeneous to obtain the second main mixture. Then, mix and knead the basalt powder and alumina powder until homogeneous to obtain the second auxiliary mixture. Add the second modified resin mixture to the second main mixture using a spray method, and vacuum knead and mix until homogeneous to increase the adhesion between the raw materials. Then add the second auxiliary mixture and continue stirring for 8 minutes until homogeneous to obtain the second composite material.

[0110] S5: Cast the second composite material onto the surface layer, and vibrate it while feeding it on a 60Hz high-frequency vibration table. After feeding, vibrate for 15 minutes. Apply 3T pressure and vibrate for 10 minutes to form a base layer with a thickness of 450mm.

[0111] S6: After casting, keep it at 45℃ for 12 hours, then let it cool naturally to room temperature, and demold to obtain the finished machine tool bed.

[0112] Example 2

[0113] This example of a high-damping machine tool component includes a surface layer (150mm) and a base layer (450mm). The surface layer is formed by curing a first composite material, which includes: 65 parts granite gravel (particle size 2-5mm), 20 parts granite powder (200-300 mesh), 2 parts fiber mixture, 7 parts modified epoxy resin, 3 parts curing agent (70% polyetheramine and 30% alicyclic amine), 1 part alumina powder, 4 parts silica powder, 0.025 parts antimony trioxide, 0.025 parts organic bismuth, and 0.07 parts polydimethylsiloxane defoamer. The base layer is formed by curing a second composite material. The second composite material includes: 63 parts granite gravel (particle size 10-15mm), 14 parts quartz sand (particle size 0.5-1mm), 14 parts granite powder (200-300 mesh), 1 part short-cut basalt fiber (length 6-12mm), 5 parts modified epoxy resin, 2 parts curing agent (70% polyetheramine and 30% alicyclic amine), 1 part alumina powder, 0.0175 parts antimony trioxide, 0.0175 parts organic bismuth, and 0.07 parts polydimethylsiloxane defoamer.

[0114] The precision forming method for high-damping machine tool components includes the following steps:

[0115] S1: Mix 7 parts of modified epoxy resin, 3 parts of curing agent, 0.025 parts of antimony additive, 0.025 parts of bismuth additive, and 0.07 parts of defoamer at room temperature for 5-10 minutes until homogeneous to obtain the first modified resin mixture.

[0116] S2: The granite pebbles are de-edged and cornered, retaining surface roughness. They are heated to 120℃ and held for 15 minutes to remove moisture, then allowed to cool naturally to 50℃. The granite pebbles and fiber mixture are first mixed and kneaded evenly to obtain the first main mixture. The granite powder, alumina powder, and silica powder are then mixed and kneaded evenly to obtain the first auxiliary mixture. The first modified resin mixture is added to the first main mixture using a spray method, and vacuum kneaded and stirred evenly to increase the adhesion between the raw materials. The first auxiliary mixture is then added, and stirring is continued for 8 minutes until evenly mixed to obtain the first composite material.

[0117] S3: Cast the first composite material into the mold, place it on a 60Hz high-frequency vibration table, and vibrate while feeding the material. After feeding, vibrate for 15 minutes. Apply 3T pressure and vibrate for 10 minutes to remove air bubbles and form a 150mm thick surface layer. Roughen the surface layer. Before the surface layer is cured, roughen the surface with a steel brush.

[0118] S4: Mix 5 parts modified epoxy resin, 2 parts curing agent, 0.0175 parts antimony trioxide, 0.0175 parts organic bismuth, and 0.07 parts polydimethylsiloxane defoamer at room temperature for 10 minutes until homogeneous to obtain the second modified resin mixture. Trim the granite pebbles, retaining surface roughness, and dry them until the moisture content is within acceptable limits to remove excess water. Then cool to 50℃. First, mix and knead the granite pebbles, quartz sand, and chopped basalt fibers until homogeneous to obtain the second main mixture. Then, mix and knead the granite powder and alumina powder until homogeneous to obtain the second auxiliary mixture. Add the second modified resin mixture to the second main mixture using a spray method, and vacuum knead and mix until homogeneous to increase the adhesion between the raw materials. Then add the second auxiliary mixture and continue stirring for 8 minutes until homogeneous to obtain the second composite material.

[0119] S5: Cast the second composite material onto the surface layer, and vibrate it while feeding it on a 60Hz high-frequency vibration table. After feeding, vibrate for 15 minutes. Apply 3T pressure and vibrate for 10 minutes to form a base layer with a thickness of 450mm.

[0120] S6: After casting, keep it at 45℃ for 12 hours, then let it cool naturally to room temperature, and demold to obtain the finished machine tool bed.

[0121] Example 3

[0122] This example of a high-damping machine tool component includes a surface layer (150mm) and a base layer (450mm). The surface layer is formed by curing a first composite material, which includes: 65 parts basalt pebble (particle size 2-5mm), 20 parts basalt powder (200-300 mesh), 2 parts fiber mixture, 7 parts modified epoxy resin, 3 parts curing agent (70% polyetheramine and 30% alicyclic amine), 1 part alumina powder, 4 parts silica powder, 0.025 parts antimony trioxide, 0.025 parts organic bismuth, and 0.07 parts polydimethylsiloxane defoamer; the base layer is formed by curing a second composite material... The composite material consists of: 63 parts basalt pebble (10-15 mm in diameter), 14 parts quartz sand (0.5-1 mm in diameter), 14 parts basalt powder (200-300 mesh), 1.2 parts short-cut basalt fiber (6-12 mm in length), 5 parts modified epoxy resin, 2 parts curing agent (70% polyetheramine and 30% alicyclic amine), 1 part alumina powder, 0.0175 parts antimony trioxide, 0.0175 parts organic bismuth, and 0.07 parts polydimethylsiloxane defoamer.

[0123] The precision forming method for high-damping machine tool components includes the following steps:

[0124] S1: Mix 7 parts of modified epoxy resin, 3 parts of curing agent, 0.025 parts of antimony additive, 0.025 parts of bismuth additive, and 0.07 parts of defoamer at room temperature for 5-10 minutes until homogeneous to obtain the first modified resin mixture.

[0125] S2: The basalt stones are de-edged and rounded, retaining surface roughness. They are heated to 120℃ and held for 15 minutes to remove moisture, then naturally cooled to 50℃. The basalt stones and fiber mixture are first mixed and kneaded evenly to obtain the first main mixture. The basalt powder, alumina powder, and silica powder are then mixed and kneaded evenly to obtain the first auxiliary mixture. The first modified resin mixture is added to the first main mixture using a spray method, and vacuum kneaded and stirred evenly to increase the adhesion between the raw materials. The first auxiliary mixture is then added, and stirring is continued for 8 minutes until evenly mixed to obtain the first composite material.

[0126] S3: Cast the first composite material into the mold, place it on a 60Hz high-frequency vibration table, and vibrate while feeding the material. After feeding, vibrate for 15 minutes. Apply 3T pressure and vibrate for 10 minutes to remove air bubbles and form a 150mm thick surface layer. Roughen the surface layer. Before the surface layer is cured, roughen the surface with a steel brush.

[0127] S4: Mix 5 parts modified epoxy resin, 2 parts curing agent, 0.0175 parts antimony trioxide, 0.0175 parts organic bismuth, and 0.07 parts polydimethylsiloxane defoamer at room temperature for 10 minutes until homogeneous to obtain the second modified resin mixture. Remove the edges and corners of the basalt stones, retaining surface roughness, and dry them until the moisture content is within acceptable limits to remove excess water. Then cool to 50℃. First, mix and knead the basalt stones, quartz sand, and chopped basalt fibers until homogeneous to obtain the second main mixture. Then, mix and knead the basalt powder and alumina powder until homogeneous to obtain the second auxiliary mixture. Add the second modified resin mixture to the second main mixture using a spray method, and vacuum knead and mix until homogeneous to increase the adhesion between the raw materials. Then add the second auxiliary mixture and continue stirring for 8 minutes until homogeneous to obtain the second composite material.

[0128] S5: Cast the second composite material onto the surface layer, and vibrate it while feeding it on a 60Hz high-frequency vibration table. After feeding, vibrate for 15 minutes. Apply 3T pressure and vibrate for 10 minutes to form a base layer with a thickness of 450mm.

[0129] S6: After casting, keep it at 45℃ for 12 hours, then let it cool naturally to room temperature, and demold to obtain the finished machine tool bed.

[0130] Comparative Example 1

[0131] The machine tool components in this example include a surface layer (150mm) and a base layer (450mm). The surface layer is formed by curing the first composite material, which includes: 65 parts basalt pebble (particle size 2-5mm), 20 parts basalt powder (200-300 mesh), 2 parts fiber mixture, 7 parts modified epoxy resin, 3 parts curing agent (70% polyetheramine and 30% cycloaliphatic amine), 1 part alumina powder, 4 parts silica powder, and 0.07 parts polydimethylsiloxane defoamer; the base layer is formed by curing the second composite material, which includes: 63 parts basalt pebble (particle size 10-15mm), 14 parts quartz sand (particle size 0.5-1mm), 14 parts basalt powder (200-300 mesh), 1 part short-cut basalt fiber (length 6-12mm), 5 parts modified epoxy resin, 2 parts curing agent (70% polyetheramine and 30% cycloaliphatic amine), 1 part alumina powder, and 0.07 parts polydimethylsiloxane defoamer.

[0132] The precision forming method for high-damping machine tool components includes the following steps:

[0133] S1: Mix 7 parts of modified epoxy resin, 3 parts of curing agent, and 0.07 parts of polydimethylsiloxane defoamer at room temperature for 5-10 minutes until homogeneous to obtain the first modified resin mixture.

[0134] S2: The basalt stones are de-edged and rounded, retaining surface roughness. They are heated to 120℃ and held for 15 minutes to remove moisture, then naturally cooled to 50℃. The basalt stones and fiber mixture are first mixed and kneaded evenly to obtain the first main mixture. The basalt powder, alumina powder, and silica powder are then mixed and kneaded evenly to obtain the first auxiliary mixture. The first modified resin mixture is added to the first main mixture using a spray method, and vacuum kneaded and stirred evenly to increase the adhesion between the raw materials. The first auxiliary mixture is then added, and stirring is continued for 8 minutes until evenly mixed to obtain the first composite material.

[0135] S3: Cast the first composite material into the mold, place it on a 60Hz high-frequency vibration table, and vibrate while feeding the material. After feeding, vibrate for 15 minutes. Apply 3T pressure and vibrate for 10 minutes to remove air bubbles and form a 150mm thick surface layer. Roughen the surface layer. Before the surface layer is cured, roughen the surface with a steel brush.

[0136] S4: Mix 5 parts modified epoxy resin, 2 parts curing agent, and 0.07 parts polydimethylsiloxane defoamer at room temperature for 10 minutes until homogeneous to obtain the second modified resin mixture; De-edge and remove the corners of basalt stones, retaining surface roughness, and dry until the moisture content is within acceptable limits to remove moisture, then cool to 50℃; First, mix and knead basalt stones, quartz sand, and chopped basalt fibers until homogeneous to obtain the second main mixture; then mix and knead basalt powder and alumina powder until homogeneous to obtain the second auxiliary mixture; Add the second modified resin mixture to the second main mixture using a spray method, and vacuum knead and mix until homogeneous to increase the adhesion between the raw materials; then add the second auxiliary mixture and continue stirring for 8 minutes until homogeneous to obtain the second composite material;

[0137] S5: Cast the second composite material onto the surface layer, and vibrate it while feeding it on a 60Hz high-frequency vibration table. After feeding, vibrate for 15 minutes. Apply 3T pressure and vibrate for 10 minutes to form a base layer with a thickness of 450mm.

[0138] S6: After casting, keep it at 45℃ for 12 hours, then let it cool naturally to room temperature, and demold to obtain the finished machine tool bed.

[0139] Comparative Example 2 (Traditional Cast Iron Bed)

[0140] Material: HT300 gray cast iron, chemical composition (mass fraction): 3%C, 1.8%Si, 0.8%Mn, P≤0.15%, S≤0.12%, balance Fe.

[0141] Molding process: Sand casting, casting temperature 1380℃, after natural cooling, the sand is removed and two aging treatments are performed (holding at 550℃ for 4 hours, then natural cooling; then holding at 250℃ for 6 hours, then natural cooling).

[0142] Structure: Single-layer structure, 600mm thick.

[0143] Machining: Milling and grinding are performed on the mounting surface and guide rail surface to achieve the required precision.

[0144] Comparative Example 3 (Natural granite bed frame)

[0145] Material: Natural granite (Jinan Green), main mineral component is gabbro, density 2.6 g / cm³ 3 Compressive strength 120-150MPa.

[0146] Forming process: Select natural granite blocks free of cracks and impurities, which are then cut, ground, and spliced ​​together. The overall thickness of the bed is 600mm, and it is assembled using epoxy resin adhesive with a finely ground surface.

[0147] Structure: A monolithic granite block with no distinction between surface and base layers.

[0148] Table 1 Performance indicators of machine tool beds in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3

[0149] Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3 Density (g / cm³) 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 7.25 2.9 Elastic modulus (GPa) 62 60 63 58 120 40 Compressive strength (MPa) 268 260 272 245 840 150 Flexural strength (MPa) 30 28 31 26 240 20 Tensile strength (MPa) 16 15 17 13 290 15 <![CDATA[Coefficient of linear expansion (10 -6 / K)]]> 10 10.5 10 15 9 6.5 Damping ratio (log.dec) 0.032 0.030 0.031 0.022 0.0045 0.015 Thermal conductivity (W / mK) 2 1.9 1.9 1.9 50 1.7 Poisson's ratio 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.25 0.22

[0150] (Note: Damping ratio was determined using the free beam vibration attenuation method.)

[0151] Table 2. Shock absorption test results of machine tool beds in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3

[0152] Initial amplitude (μm) Time (s) required for decay to 0.2 μm Attenuation curve characteristics Example 1 2.3 0.52 Rapid decay, no secondary oscillation Example 2 2.3 0.54 Rapid decay, slightly slower than in Example 1 Example 3 2.3 0.58 Rapid decay, slightly slower than in Example 1 Comparative Example 1 2.3 0.86 The decay rate is moderate. Comparative Example 2 2.3 1.96 Slow decay Comparative Example 3 2.3 1.56 Slow decay, long-term residual vibration

[0153] (Note: The decay curve was measured using a vibration meter and controller oscilloscope. Under the same excitation conditions, the amplitude decay over time was recorded.)

[0154] According to Tables 1 and 2, we can see that:

[0155] 1. The logarithmic decay rate (damping performance) of Examples 1-3 is 0.030-0.032, which is far superior to that of Comparative Example 2 (gray cast iron, 0.0045) and Comparative Example 3 (natural granite, 0.015). Examples 1-3 decay the amplitude from 2.3 μm to 0.2 μm in 0.52-0.58 seconds, while Comparative Example 2 (gray cast iron) requires 1.96 seconds and Comparative Example 3 (natural granite, 1.56 seconds).

[0156] This demonstrates that the machine tool components of the present invention have excellent vibration absorption and damping performance, which can effectively suppress vibration during the processing, thereby improving processing accuracy and surface quality.

[0157] 2. The compressive strength of Examples 1-3 is 260-272 MPa, which is comparable to the mineral casting standard (270 MPa). Although it is lower than that of the gray cast iron in Comparative Example 2 (840 MPa), it still meets the load-bearing requirements of the machine tool bed (generally required to be ≥150 MPa). The flexural strength of Examples 1-3 is 28-31 MPa, which reaches the mineral casting standard (30 MPa) and is significantly higher than that of the natural granite in Comparative Example 3 (20 MPa).

[0158] This demonstrates that the component of the present invention, while ensuring damping performance, possesses sufficient structural strength to meet the mechanical performance requirements of the machine tool bed.

[0159] 3. The linear expansion coefficient of Examples 1-3 is 10-10.5×10 -6 / K, and mineral casting reference (10×10) -6 The / K) is consistent with, and superior to, comparative example 2, gray cast iron (9×10) -6 / K), but compared to Comparative Example 3 granite (6.5 × 10⁻⁶ K),-6 The coefficient of linear expansion ( / K) is slightly higher than that of comparative example 1, which did not contain antimony or bismuth and had a linear expansion coefficient as high as 15 × 10⁻⁶. -6 / K, which is significantly higher than that in Examples 1-3, indicates that the addition of antimony and bismuth effectively reduces the thermal expansion and contraction rate of the resin.

[0160] This demonstrates that by adding antimony and bismuth additives to the modified epoxy resin, the thermal expansion coefficient of the component is improved to match the aggregate, resulting in better dimensional stability than ordinary mineral castings under temperature change conditions.

[0161] 4. Examples 1-3 have a density of 2.4 g / cm³, only 1 / 3 that of gray cast iron (7.25 g / cm³). Specific stiffness (elastic modulus / density):

[0162] Example 1: 62 / 2.4 = 25.8;

[0163] Comparative Example 2: 120 / 7.25 = 16.6;

[0164] Comparative Example 3: 40 / 2.9 = 13.8;

[0165] Mineral casting reference: 65 / 2.4=27.1.

[0166] This demonstrates that the specific stiffness of the component of this invention (25.8) is close to the benchmark (27.1) for mineral castings and far exceeds that of gray cast iron and granite. It provides higher structural rigidity for the same weight, which is beneficial for enabling rapid machine tool movement and reducing drive energy consumption.

[0167] 5. The thermal conductivity of Examples 1-3 is 1.9 W / mK, which is similar to that of mineral castings (2.0 W / mK) and natural granite (1.7 W / mK), and much lower than that of gray cast iron (50 W / mK).

[0168] This demonstrates that the low thermal conductivity gives the component of the present invention good thermal insulation performance, reduces the impact of external heat sources on the thermal balance of the machine tool, and helps maintain dimensional stability.

[0169] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-damping machine tool component, characterized in that: Including the surface layer and the base layer; The surface layer is formed by curing a first composite material, the first composite material comprising: The first aggregate is 65±2 parts. 20±2 parts of the first mineral powder 1.5-2 parts fiber mixture, 7±1 parts of modified epoxy resin, Hardener 3 ± 0.5 parts, 5±1 parts of functional filler Defoamer 0.07±0.01 parts, Antimony additive, wherein the amount of antimony additive added is 0.25% ± 0.02% of the total weight of the modified epoxy resin and curing agent in the first composite material. Bismuth additive, wherein the amount of bismuth additive added is 0.25% ± 0.02% of the total weight of the modified epoxy resin and curing agent in the first composite material; The base layer is formed by curing a second composite material, the second composite material comprising: The second aggregate was 63±2 parts. Quartz sand 14±2 parts, 14±2 parts of the second mineral powder Reinforcing fiber 1±0.2 parts, 5±1 parts of modified epoxy resin, Hardener 2 ± 0.5 parts, Functional filler 1 ± 0.2 parts, Defoamer 0.07±0.01 parts, Antimony additive, wherein the amount of antimony additive added is 0.25% ± 0.02% of the total weight of the modified epoxy resin and curing agent in the second composite material. Bismuth additive, wherein the amount of bismuth additive added is 0.25% ± 0.02% of the total weight of the modified epoxy resin and curing agent in the second composite material; The modified epoxy resin preparation steps are as follows: E-51 epoxy resin, polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, and octyl glycidyl ether are preheated respectively; the preheated E-51 epoxy resin, polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, and octyl glycidyl ether are added sequentially to the reaction vessel; the mixture is stirred and mixed; while maintaining the stirring state, antioxidant, coupling agent, and polydimethylsiloxane defoamer are added sequentially and stirring is continued; triethylamine catalyst is added and stirring is continued to be uniform; the mixture is allowed to stand under vacuum to remove bubbles, and then sealed and stored for later use.

2. The high-damping machine tool component according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first aggregate in the surface layer is selected from at least one of basalt, granite, and quartz, with a particle size of 2-5 mm; the first mineral powder is selected from at least one of basalt powder and granite powder, with a fineness of 200-300 mesh.

3. The high-damping machine tool component according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second aggregate in the base layer is selected from at least one of basalt and granite, with a particle size of 10-15 mm; the second mineral powder is selected from at least one of basalt powder and granite powder, with a fineness of 200-300 mesh; and the reinforcing fiber is chopped basalt fiber.

4. The high-damping machine tool component according to claim 1, characterized in that: The functional filler includes at least one of alumina powder and silica powder.

5. The high-damping machine tool component according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface layer has a thickness of 100-200mm; the base layer has a thickness of 300-600mm.

6. The high-damping machine tool component according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fiber mixture is composed of metal fibers and mineral fiber composites.

7. The high-damping machine tool component according to claim 1, characterized in that: The curing agent is composed of 30-70% polyetheramine and 30-70% alicyclic amine.

8. A precision forming method for implementing a high-damping machine tool component as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1: Stir the modified epoxy resin, curing agent, antimony additive, bismuth additive, and defoamer at room temperature for 5-10 minutes until they are evenly mixed to obtain the first modified resin mixture. S2: The first aggregate is de-edged and cornered, retaining surface roughness. It is heated to 120-130℃ and held for 10-20 minutes to remove moisture, and then naturally cooled to 50-60℃. First, mix the first aggregate and fiber mixture, knead them evenly, and obtain the first main mixture material; The first mineral powder and functional filler are then mixed and kneaded evenly to obtain the first mixed auxiliary material; The first modified resin mixture is added to the first main mixture using a spray method, and then vacuum kneaded and stirred evenly to increase the adhesion between the raw materials; then the first auxiliary mixture is added, and stirring is continued for 5-8 minutes until the mixture is uniform to obtain the first composite material; S3: The first composite material is poured into the mold, fed onto the vibrating table and vibrated to compact it. After one vibration and two pressure vibrations, the surface is formed; then the surface is roughened. S4: Stir the modified epoxy resin, curing agent, antimony additive, bismuth additive and defoamer at room temperature for 5-10 minutes, and mix them evenly to obtain the second modified resin mixture. The second aggregate is de-edged and cornered, retaining surface roughness, and dried until the moisture content is qualified to remove moisture, and then cooled to 50-60℃; First, mix and knead the second aggregate, quartz sand, and reinforcing fiber evenly to obtain the second main mixture. The second mineral powder and functional filler are then mixed and kneaded evenly to obtain the second mixed auxiliary material; The second modified resin mixture is added to the second main mixture by spraying, and then vacuum kneaded and stirred evenly to increase the adhesion between the raw materials; then the second auxiliary mixture is added, and stirring is continued for 5-8 minutes until the mixture is evenly mixed to obtain the second composite material; S5: The second composite material is cast onto the surface layer, and the material is placed on a vibrating table and vibrated to compact it. After one vibration and two pressure vibrations, the base layer is formed. S6: After molding, heat preservation and curing are carried out, followed by natural cooling to obtain the finished machine tool component.

9. The precision forming method according to claim 8, characterized in that: In S3 and S5, the vibration is performed using a high-frequency vibration table with a vibration frequency of 50-70Hz and a single vibration time of 10-20min. The pressure of the second pressurized vibration is 2-5T and the vibration time is 5-15min.

10. The precision forming method according to claim 8, characterized in that: In S6, the heat preservation temperature is 40-50℃ and the heat preservation time is 10-15 hours.

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