Copper wire drawing lubricant and method for preparing the same

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of copper wire drawing technology, specifically a copper wire drawing lubricant and its preparation method. Addressing the problems of existing lubricants such as easy oxidation and degradation at high temperatures, poor extreme pressure film formation, insufficient stability, and easy oxidation and corrosion of copper wires, the following solution is proposed: the copper wire drawing lubricant comprises the following raw material components by weight percentage: 35%–55% modified base oil, 8%–18% modified extreme pressure anti-wear agent, 6%–15% modified emulsifier, 3%–8% modified rust inhibitor, 2%–6% modified stabilizer, 0.5%–2% defoamer, 1%–4% co-solvent, and 8%–23% deionized water. This significantly improves the lubricant's load-bearing capacity; enhances the emulsification stability of the system; extends the lubricant's service life; forms a dense protective film on the copper wire surface, effectively inhibiting copper wire oxidation and corrosion; and improves the stability of the lubricant under high and low temperature environments. It is adaptable to different processes and can significantly improve the surface finish and processing efficiency of copper wires.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of copper wire drawing technology, and in particular to a copper wire drawing lubricant and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Chinese patent application number 202211170543.9 discloses a precision copper wire drawing lubricant and its preparation method. The precision copper wire drawing lubricant is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts rapeseed oil, 1-2 parts petroleum sulfonic acid, 3-5 parts bactericide, 2-3 parts sodium naphthenate, 3-5 parts water-soluble phosphate ester, 2-3 parts defoamer, 4-6 parts triethanolamine oleate, 5-7 parts alcohol, 0.3-0.6 parts diamond nanoparticles, 4-5 parts anti-wear agent, and 800-1200 parts water. The precision copper wire drawing lubricant can improve the cleaning effect by adding alcohol, and at the same time, adding defoamer can reduce foam generation, which can enhance the cleaning effect. Meanwhile, the combination of rapeseed oil and defoamer can prevent wire breakage and lubricate to reduce the formation of copper sludge. Adding anti-wear agent can reduce wear on copper wires during the wire drawing process and reduce the formation of copper sludge. Adding other components can further achieve stable lubrication characteristics of the lubricant and improve the stability of precision copper wire drawing.

[0003] However, the aforementioned patents also have some problems. For example, copper wire drawing relies on emulsified lubricants, but these generally suffer from multiple technical defects: the base oil is not modified, has poor compatibility with functional components, and is prone to oxidation and degradation at high temperatures; the extreme pressure anti-wear agent is not surface modified, the nanoparticles are prone to agglomeration, the extreme pressure film-forming properties are poor, and it is easy to cause mold wear and copper wire surface defects; the emulsifier is not optimized, it is prone to demulsification and stratification at high temperatures, and its stability is insufficient; the rust inhibitor forms a loose film, has poor protective properties, and the copper wire is prone to oxidation and corrosion; the stabilizer has insufficient performance and is prone to stratification and precipitation after long-term use. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on the problems of easy oxidation and degradation at high temperatures, poor film formation under extreme pressure, insufficient stability, and easy oxidation and corrosion of copper wires in the background technology, this invention proposes a copper wire drawing lubricant and its preparation method.

[0005] This invention proposes a copper wire drawing lubricant, comprising the following raw material components by weight percentage: 35%–55% modified base oil, 8%–18% modified extreme pressure anti-wear agent, 6%–15% modified emulsifier, 3%–8% modified rust inhibitor, 2%–6% modified stabilizer, 0.5%–2% defoamer, 1%–4% cosolvent, and 8%–23% deionized water. The modified base oil and modified extreme pressure anti-wear agent work synergistically to significantly improve the lubricant's properties. It enhances the load-carrying capacity of lubricating fluid; the compound modification of emulsifier and cosolvent can improve the emulsification stability of the system and extend the service life of lubricating fluid; the synergistic effect of modified rust inhibitor and modified stabilizer can form a dense protective film on the surface of copper wire, effectively inhibiting copper wire oxidation and corrosion, while improving the stability of lubricating fluid in high and low temperature environments, adapting to copper wire drawing processes of different specifications and speeds, especially suitable for high-speed wire drawing of fine copper wire, which can significantly improve the surface finish and processing efficiency of copper wire.

[0006] Preferably, the modification method of the modified base oil includes the following steps: Mineral oil and synthetic ester oil were mixed at a mass ratio of 4:1 as the base oil raw material. The base oil raw material was put into the reaction vessel, heated to 90℃, and stirred at 210 r / min for 21 min to remove water and light impurities from the base oil raw material, thus obtaining refined base oil. Add 1.5% modifier and 0.8% catalyst by weight of the total base oil to the refined base oil. The modifier is ethylene-acrylate copolymer and the catalyst is organotin catalyst. Then, raise the temperature in the reactor to 140°C, adjust the pressure to 0.4 MPa, and stir the reaction for 5 hours to obtain the modified intermediate product. The modified intermediate was cooled to 70°C, and 1.1% of an antioxidant (by mass of the base oil) was added. The antioxidant was a mixture of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol and phosphite in a mass ratio of 2:1. The mixture was stirred for 25 minutes, and then subjected to vacuum distillation at 110°C, a vacuum of 0.08 MPa, and a distillation time of 1 hour to remove unreacted modifiers and impurities. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature to obtain the modified base oil. Polar groups can be introduced into the molecular chain of base oil to improve the compatibility of base oil with other modified components, while enhancing the viscosity index and antioxidant properties of base oil, preventing oxidative degradation of base oil during high-temperature wire drawing, extending the service life of lubricant, and improving the lubrication carrying capacity of base oil, providing stable lubrication protection for copper wire drawing process.

[0007] Preferably, the modification method of the modified extreme pressure anti-wear agent includes the following steps: Sulfated isobutylene, phosphate ester and nano silica were mixed in a mass ratio of 5:2:1 as raw materials for extreme pressure anti-wear agent. Nano silica was placed in anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically dispersed for 20 min at an ultrasonic power of 250W to obtain nano silica dispersion. Add 11% by weight of silane coupling agent KH-550 to the nano silica dispersion, stir evenly, heat to 60℃, react for 3 hours, then centrifuge, wash until neutral, and dry to obtain modified nano silica. Sulfated isobutylene and phosphate ester were added to a reaction vessel, heated to 100°C, stirred at 240 r / min for 35 min, and then modified nano-silica was added. Stirring continued for 1 hour. During this period, 0.6% of the total mass of extreme pressure anti-wear agent raw materials was added as a dispersant, which was polyethylene glycol 400, to obtain a mixed system. The mixture was cooled to 75°C, and 2% of the total mass of the extreme pressure anti-wear agent raw materials in propylene oxide was added. The mixture was stirred and reacted for 2 hours. After the reaction was completed, it was cooled to room temperature and ground to a particle size ≤5μm to obtain the modified extreme pressure anti-wear agent. The surface of nano-silica is modified by silane coupling agent to improve its compatibility with sulfurized isobutylene and phosphate ester. At the same time, the molecular structure of extreme pressure anti-wear agent is optimized by propylene oxide modification, so that the modified extreme pressure anti-wear agent can be quickly adsorbed on the surface of copper wire and mold under high temperature and high pressure conditions to form a high-strength, high-temperature resistant extreme pressure lubricating film. This effectively reduces the coefficient of friction, reduces mold wear and copper wire surface defects, and significantly improves the extreme pressure anti-wear performance of the lubricant, making it suitable for high-speed, heavy-duty copper wire drawing processes.

[0008] Preferably, the modification method of the modified emulsifier includes the following steps: Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, sorbitan fatty acid ester and alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether were mixed in a mass ratio of 4:3:1 as emulsifier raw materials. The emulsifier raw materials were put into the reaction vessel, heated to 70℃, stirred at 210 r / min for 25 min to obtain emulsifier mixture. Add 4% maleic anhydride and 0.6% ammonium persulfate (by total mass of emulsifier raw materials) to the emulsifier mixture, heat to 95°C, and stir for 3 hours to obtain the grafted modified intermediate product. Add 2% (by mass) of triethanolamine (based on the total mass of emulsifier raw materials) to the graft-modified intermediate product, adjust the pH of the system to 7.5, heat to 80°C, stir for 2 hours, and then perform neutralization modification to obtain the neutralized product. The neutralization product was cooled to 50°C, and 1.2% of the total mass of the emulsifier raw materials was added as an organosilicon modifier. The mixture was stirred for 35 minutes and then filtered to remove unreacted impurities, thus obtaining the modified emulsifier. By combining maleic anhydride grafting modification with triethanolamine neutralization modification, the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of the emulsifier can be optimized, improving its emulsifying ability and stability. Combined with the modification effect of organosilicon modifier, it can effectively prevent the lubricant from demulsifying during high-temperature wire drawing, while improving the compatibility of the lubricant with copper wire and mold, enabling the lubricant to evenly cover the processing surface, exert a stable lubricating effect, and extend the cycle life of the lubricant.

[0009] Preferably, the modification method of the modified rust inhibitor includes the following steps: Benzotriazole, sodium petroleum sulfonate and sebacic acid were mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1:1 as raw materials for rust inhibitor. The raw materials for rust inhibitor were added to deionized water, heated to 60℃, stirred at 210 r / min for 25 min to obtain an aqueous solution of rust inhibitor. Add 6% of the total mass of the rust inhibitor raw material to the rust inhibitor aqueous solution. The modified resin is a mixture of epoxy resin and polyurethane resin in a mass ratio of 1:1. Stir evenly, heat to 90℃, and react for 2 hours to obtain the resin modified system. Add 1.5% of the total mass of the rust inhibitor raw material and a surfactant, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, to the resin modification system, stir for 25 min, then cool to 40℃ and adjust the pH of the system to 7.2 to obtain the modified rust inhibitor precursor; The modified rust inhibitor precursor was spray-dried at a temperature of 135℃ and a feed rate of 7mL / min to obtain a powdered modified rust inhibitor. By modifying the resin to enhance the film-forming properties of the rust inhibitor, a dense and robust protective film is formed on the surface of the copper wire, effectively isolating it from air, moisture, and impurities, and inhibiting the oxidation and corrosion of the copper wire. At the same time, by modifying the surfactant to improve the dispersibility of the rust inhibitor in the lubricating fluid system, the aggregation of the rust inhibitor is prevented, ensuring a uniform and long-lasting rust-preventing effect. It is especially suitable for copper wire drawing and storage in humid environments, and can significantly improve the surface quality and corrosion resistance of the copper wire.

[0010] Preferably, the modification method of the modified stabilizer includes the following steps: Zinc hydroxystannate, calcium stearate and polyvinyl chloride resin were mixed in a mass ratio of 4:2:1 as stabilizer raw materials. The polyvinyl chloride resin was pulverized to a particle size ≤10μm and mixed evenly with zinc hydroxystannate and calcium stearate to obtain stabilizer mixed powder. Add 4% of the total mass of the stabilizer raw materials as a modifier to the stabilizer mixed powder. The modifier is methyl methacrylate. Stir evenly and then feed it into a twin-screw extruder for melt grafting modification. The screw speed of the extruder is 125 r / min, the melt temperature is 175℃, and the feeding rate is 7 kg / h to obtain grafted modified particles. The grafted modified particles were cooled to room temperature and pulverized to a particle size ≤5μm. Then, 0.7% of the total mass of the stabilizer raw materials was added as an anti-caking agent, which was talc powder. The mixture was stirred and mixed evenly to obtain the modified stabilizer. Melt grafting modification enables the stabilizer components to form a stable molecular structure, improving the stabilizer's thermal stability and dispersibility. The synergistic effect of zinc hydroxystannate and calcium stearate can effectively inhibit the thermal decomposition of the lubricant during high-temperature processing, preventing a decline in system performance. At the same time, the modified stabilizer can form a synergistic effect with other components in the lubricant, improving the stability of the entire lubricant system, preventing phenomena such as stratification and precipitation, extending the service life of the lubricant, and making it suitable for long-term continuous copper wire drawing production.

[0011] Preferably, the defoamer is a mixture of silicone defoamer and polyether defoamer in a mass ratio of 2:1. The silicone defoamer is modified polydimethylsiloxane, and the modification method is as follows: polydimethylsiloxane and vinyltriethoxysilane are mixed in a mass ratio of 10:2, 0.3% of a platinum catalyst by mass of polydimethylsiloxane is added, the temperature is raised to 90°C, and the reaction is carried out for 2 hours to obtain modified polydimethylsiloxane. The polyether defoamer is polyoxypropylene polyoxyethylene glycerol ether. By combining the two modified defoamers, the defoaming effect can be improved, quickly eliminating bubbles generated during the preparation and use of lubricant, while inhibiting bubble regeneration, avoiding defects such as insufficient lubrication and pinholes on the copper wire surface caused by bubbles, and ensuring the stability of copper wire drawing.

[0012] A method for preparing a copper wire drawing lubricant includes the following steps: S1: Weigh each raw material according to the above weight percentage, first put the modified base oil into the reactor, control the temperature inside the reactor to 55℃, the rotation speed to 300r / min, stir for 15min, and obtain the base oil system; S2: Slowly add the modified extreme pressure anti-wear agent to the base oil system, maintain the temperature at 55℃ and the speed at 300r / min, stir for 40min, and check the uniformity of the system every 10min until there are no obvious particulate substances in the system to obtain the extreme pressure lubrication system. S3: Mix the modified emulsifier and the cosolvent evenly to prepare an emulsified cosolvent system. Then, slowly add the emulsified cosolvent system dropwise to the extreme pressure lubrication system at a dropping rate of 2 mL / min. During the dropping process, keep the temperature at 65℃ and the rotation speed at 550 r / min. After the dropping is completed, continue stirring for 50 min to obtain the emulsified lubrication system. S4: Add modified rust inhibitor and modified stabilizer to the emulsified lubrication system in sequence, maintain the temperature at 65℃ and the speed at 550r / min, stir for 40min, then cool down to 40℃, add defoamer, stir for 20min to obtain the pre-finished product; S5: The pre-finished product is subjected to ultrasonic dispersion treatment. The ultrasonic power is 400W and the ultrasonic time is 30min. During the ultrasonic process, it is stirred once every 5min. The stirring speed is 250r / min. After ultrasonication, it is allowed to stand for 1 hour, and impurities are removed by filtration to obtain copper wire drawing lubricant.

[0013] Preferably, in step S3, after the emulsified solubilizing system is added dropwise, a gradient heating method is adopted. First, the temperature is raised to 67°C and stirred for 25 minutes, then the temperature is raised to 73°C and stirred for another 25 minutes. This can further improve the emulsification effect, so that each component is evenly dispersed in the system and avoid the phenomenon of insufficient local emulsification. At the same time, the solubilizing agent can improve the solubility of the modified emulsifier in the base oil, promote the synergistic effect of each modified component, and enhance the overall stability and lubrication performance of the lubricant.

[0014] Preferably, in step S5, the filtration adopts a precision filtration method, with a ceramic filter element as the filter medium and a pore size of 0.4μm. This effectively removes minute impurities and incompletely dispersed particles from the pre-finished product, ensuring the purity of the copper wire drawing lubricant. After filtration, the viscosity and pH value of the lubricant are tested, and the viscosity is adjusted to 35mm² / s and the pH value to 7.5, making the lubricant suitable for different specifications of copper wire drawing processes. Specifically, when drawing fine copper wires with a diameter ≤0.1mm, a lubricant with a viscosity of 30mm² / s is selected, and when drawing coarse copper wires with a diameter >0.1mm, a lubricant with a viscosity of 40mm² / s is selected. At the same time, the concentration of the lubricant can be adjusted according to the drawing speed. When the high-speed drawing speed is >10m / s, the lubricant is diluted to 85% by mass before use. When the low-speed drawing speed is ≤10m / s, the undiluted solution can be used directly, further improving the applicability and processing flexibility of the lubricant.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are: Through multi-component synergistic modification design, this method addresses the technical shortcomings of existing copper wire drawing lubricants, such as insufficient extreme pressure anti-wear performance, poor emulsification stability, easy failure at high temperatures, and inadequate protection for copper wires. The synergistic effect of modified base oil and modified extreme pressure anti-wear agent significantly improves the lubricant's load-bearing capacity, preventing die wear and copper wire scratches during high-speed wire drawing. The compound modification of modified emulsifier and cosolvent enhances the system's emulsification stability and extends the lubricant's service life. The synergistic effect of modified rust inhibitor and modified stabilizer forms a dense protective film on the copper wire surface, effectively inhibiting copper wire oxidation and corrosion, while also improving the lubricant's stability under high and low temperature environments. This makes it suitable for copper wire drawing processes of different specifications and speeds, especially for high-speed drawing of fine-gauge copper wires, significantly improving the surface finish and processing efficiency of copper wires. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the workflow proposed in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present invention will be further explained below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0018] Reference Figure 1 Example 1 This embodiment proposes a copper wire drawing lubricant, which comprises the following raw material components by weight percentage: 35% modified base oil, 18% modified extreme pressure anti-wear agent, 15% modified emulsifier, 8% modified rust inhibitor, 6% modified stabilizer, 2% defoamer, 4% cosolvent, and 12% deionized water; The modification method for modified base oils includes the following steps: Mineral oil and synthetic ester oil were mixed at a mass ratio of 4:1 as the base oil raw material. The base oil raw material was put into the reaction vessel, heated to 90℃, and stirred at 210 r / min for 21 min to remove water and light impurities from the base oil raw material, thus obtaining refined base oil. Add 1.5% modifier and 0.8% catalyst by weight of the total base oil to the refined base oil. The modifier is ethylene-acrylate copolymer and the catalyst is organotin catalyst. Then, raise the temperature in the reactor to 140°C, adjust the pressure to 0.4 MPa, and stir the reaction for 5 hours to obtain the modified intermediate product. The modified intermediate was cooled to 70°C, and 1.1% of an antioxidant (by mass of the base oil) was added. The antioxidant was a mixture of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol and phosphite in a mass ratio of 2:1. The mixture was stirred for 25 minutes, and then subjected to vacuum distillation at 110°C, a vacuum of 0.08 MPa, and a distillation time of 1 hour to remove unreacted modifiers and impurities. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature to obtain the modified base oil. Polar groups can be introduced into the molecular chain of base oil to improve the compatibility of base oil with other modified components, while enhancing the viscosity index and antioxidant properties of base oil, preventing oxidative degradation of base oil during high-temperature wire drawing, extending the service life of lubricant, and improving the lubrication carrying capacity of base oil, providing stable lubrication protection for copper wire drawing process; The modification method of the modified extreme pressure anti-wear agent includes the following steps: Sulfated isobutylene, phosphate ester and nano silica were mixed in a mass ratio of 5:2:1 as raw materials for extreme pressure anti-wear agent. Nano silica was placed in anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically dispersed for 20 min at an ultrasonic power of 250W to obtain nano silica dispersion. Add 11% by weight of silane coupling agent KH-550 to the nano silica dispersion, stir evenly, heat to 60℃, react for 3 hours, then centrifuge, wash until neutral, and dry to obtain modified nano silica. Sulfated isobutylene and phosphate ester were added to a reaction vessel, heated to 100°C, stirred at 240 r / min for 35 min, and then modified nano-silica was added. Stirring continued for 1 hour. During this period, 0.6% of the total mass of extreme pressure anti-wear agent raw materials was added as a dispersant, which was polyethylene glycol 400, to obtain a mixed system. The mixture was cooled to 75°C, and 2% of the total mass of the extreme pressure anti-wear agent raw materials in propylene oxide was added. The mixture was stirred and reacted for 2 hours. After the reaction was completed, it was cooled to room temperature and ground to a particle size ≤5μm to obtain the modified extreme pressure anti-wear agent. The surface of nano-silica is modified by silane coupling agent to improve its compatibility with sulfurized isobutylene and phosphate ester. At the same time, the molecular structure of extreme pressure anti-wear agent is optimized by propylene oxide modification, so that the modified extreme pressure anti-wear agent can be quickly adsorbed on the surface of copper wire and mold under high temperature and high pressure conditions to form a high-strength, high-temperature resistant extreme pressure lubricating film, effectively reducing the coefficient of friction, reducing mold wear and copper wire surface defects, significantly improving the extreme pressure anti-wear performance of lubricant, and adapting to high-speed, heavy-duty copper wire drawing process. The modification method for modified emulsifiers includes the following steps: Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, sorbitan fatty acid ester and alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether were mixed in a mass ratio of 4:3:1 as emulsifier raw materials. The emulsifier raw materials were put into the reaction vessel, heated to 70℃, stirred at 210 r / min for 25 min to obtain emulsifier mixture. Add 4% maleic anhydride and 0.6% ammonium persulfate (by total mass of emulsifier raw materials) to the emulsifier mixture, heat to 95°C, and stir for 3 hours to obtain the grafted modified intermediate product. Add 2% (by mass) of triethanolamine (based on the total mass of emulsifier raw materials) to the graft-modified intermediate product, adjust the pH of the system to 7.5, heat to 80°C, stir for 2 hours, and then perform neutralization modification to obtain the neutralized product. The neutralization product was cooled to 50°C, and 1.2% of the total mass of the emulsifier raw materials was added as an organosilicon modifier. The mixture was stirred for 35 minutes and then filtered to remove unreacted impurities, thus obtaining the modified emulsifier. By combining maleic anhydride grafting modification with triethanolamine neutralization modification, the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of the emulsifier can be optimized, improving the emulsifying ability and stability of the emulsifier. Combined with the modification effect of organosilicon modifier, it can effectively prevent the lubricant from demulsifying during high-temperature wire drawing, while improving the compatibility of the lubricant with copper wire and mold, so that the lubricant can be evenly covered on the processing surface, exert a stable lubricating effect, and extend the cycle of the lubricant. The modification method for modified rust inhibitors includes the following steps: Benzotriazole, sodium petroleum sulfonate and sebacic acid were mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1:1 as raw materials for rust inhibitor. The raw materials for rust inhibitor were added to deionized water, heated to 60℃, stirred at 210 r / min for 25 min to obtain an aqueous solution of rust inhibitor. Add 6% of the total mass of the rust inhibitor raw material to the rust inhibitor aqueous solution. The modified resin is a mixture of epoxy resin and polyurethane resin in a mass ratio of 1:1. Stir evenly, heat to 90℃, and react for 2 hours to obtain the resin modified system. Add 1.5% of the total mass of the rust inhibitor raw material and a surfactant, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, to the resin modification system, stir for 25 min, then cool to 40℃ and adjust the pH of the system to 7.2 to obtain the modified rust inhibitor precursor; The modified rust inhibitor precursor was spray-dried at a temperature of 135℃ and a feed rate of 7mL / min to obtain a powdered modified rust inhibitor. By modifying the resin to enhance the film-forming properties of the rust inhibitor, a dense and robust protective film is formed on the surface of the copper wire, effectively isolating it from air, moisture, and impurities, and inhibiting the oxidation and corrosion of the copper wire. At the same time, by modifying the surfactant to improve the dispersibility of the rust inhibitor in the lubricating fluid system, the aggregation of the rust inhibitor is prevented, ensuring a uniform and long-lasting rust-preventing effect. It is especially suitable for copper wire drawing and storage in humid environments, and can significantly improve the surface quality and corrosion resistance of the copper wire. The modification method for modified stabilizers includes the following steps: Zinc hydroxystannate, calcium stearate and polyvinyl chloride resin were mixed in a mass ratio of 4:2:1 as stabilizer raw materials. The polyvinyl chloride resin was pulverized to a particle size ≤10μm and mixed evenly with zinc hydroxystannate and calcium stearate to obtain stabilizer mixed powder. Add 4% of the total mass of the stabilizer raw materials as a modifier to the stabilizer mixed powder. The modifier is methyl methacrylate. Stir evenly and then feed it into a twin-screw extruder for melt grafting modification. The screw speed of the extruder is 125 r / min, the melt temperature is 175℃, and the feeding rate is 7 kg / h to obtain grafted modified particles. The grafted modified particles were cooled to room temperature and pulverized to a particle size ≤5μm. Then, 0.7% of the total mass of the stabilizer raw materials was added as an anti-caking agent, which was talc powder. The mixture was stirred and mixed evenly to obtain the modified stabilizer. Melt grafting modification enables the stabilizer components to form a stable molecular structure, improving the stabilizer's thermal stability and dispersibility. The synergistic effect of zinc hydroxystannate and calcium stearate can effectively inhibit the thermal decomposition of the lubricant during high-temperature processing, preventing a decline in system performance. At the same time, the modified stabilizer can form a synergistic effect with other components in the lubricant, improving the stability of the entire lubricant system, preventing phenomena such as stratification and precipitation, extending the service life of the lubricant, and making it suitable for long-term continuous copper wire drawing production. The defoamer is a mixture of silicone defoamer and polyether defoamer in a mass ratio of 2:1. The silicone defoamer is modified polydimethylsiloxane, and its modification method is as follows: polydimethylsiloxane and vinyltriethoxysilane are mixed in a mass ratio of 10:2, 0.3% of the mass of polydimethylsiloxane is added as a platinum catalyst, the temperature is raised to 90°C, and the reaction is carried out for 2 hours to obtain modified polydimethylsiloxane. The polyether defoamer is polyoxypropylene polyoxyethylene glycerol ether. By combining the two modified defoamers, the defoaming effect can be improved, quickly eliminating bubbles generated during the preparation and use of lubricant, while inhibiting bubble regeneration, avoiding defects such as insufficient lubrication and pinholes on the copper wire surface caused by bubbles, and ensuring the stability of copper wire drawing process. A method for preparing a copper wire drawing lubricant includes the following steps: S1: Weigh each raw material according to the above weight percentage, first put the modified base oil into the reactor, control the temperature inside the reactor to 55℃, the rotation speed to 300r / min, stir for 15min, and obtain the base oil system; S2: Slowly add the modified extreme pressure anti-wear agent to the base oil system, maintain the temperature at 55℃ and the speed at 300r / min, stir for 40min, and check the uniformity of the system every 10min until there are no obvious particulate substances in the system to obtain the extreme pressure lubrication system. S3: Mix the modified emulsifier and cosolvent evenly to prepare an emulsion cosolvent system. Then, slowly add the emulsion cosolvent system dropwise to the extreme pressure lubrication system at a dropping rate of 2 mL / min. During the dropwise addition, maintain the temperature at 65℃ and the rotation speed at 550 r / min. After the dropwise addition is complete, continue stirring for 50 min to obtain the emulsion lubrication system. After the emulsion cosolvent system is added, use a gradient heating method: first raise the temperature to 67℃ and stir for 25 min, then raise the temperature to 73℃ and continue stirring for 25 min. This can further improve the emulsification effect, ensure that the components are evenly dispersed in the system, and avoid the phenomenon of insufficient local emulsification. At the same time, the cosolvent can improve the solubility of the modified emulsifier in the base oil, promote the synergistic effect of the modified components, and enhance the overall stability and lubrication performance of the lubricant. S4: Add modified rust inhibitor and modified stabilizer to the emulsified lubrication system in sequence, maintain the temperature at 65℃ and the speed at 550r / min, stir for 40min, then cool down to 40℃, add defoamer, stir for 20min to obtain the pre-finished product; S5: The pre-finished product is ultrasonically dispersed at a power of 400W for 30 minutes, with stirring every 5 minutes at a speed of 250 rpm. After ultrasonication, the mixture is allowed to stand for 1 hour, then filtered to remove impurities, yielding a copper wire drawing lubricant. Precision filtration is used with a ceramic filter element (0.4 μm pore size) to effectively remove minute impurities and incompletely dispersed particles from the pre-finished product, ensuring the purity of the copper wire drawing lubricant. After filtration, the viscosity and pH of the lubricant are tested, and the viscosity is adjusted to 35 mg / L. The lubricant is adjusted to a viscosity of 30 mm² / s and pH value to 7.5 to adapt to different specifications of copper wire drawing processes. For fine copper wires with a diameter ≤0.1 mm, a lubricant with a viscosity of 30 mm² / s is selected; for coarse copper wires with a diameter >0.1 mm, a lubricant with a viscosity of 40 mm² / s is selected. The concentration of the lubricant can also be adjusted according to the drawing speed. For high-speed drawing speeds >10 m / s, the lubricant is diluted to 85% by mass before use; for low-speed drawing speeds ≤10 m / s, the undiluted solution can be used directly, further improving the applicability and processing flexibility of the lubricant.

[0019] Reference Figure 1 Example 2 This embodiment proposes a copper wire drawing lubricant, which comprises the following raw material components by weight percentage: 42% modified base oil, 13% modified extreme pressure anti-wear agent, 10% modified emulsifier, 5% modified rust inhibitor, 4% modified stabilizer, 1% defoamer, 2% cosolvent, and 23% deionized water; The modification method for modified base oils includes the following steps: Mineral oil and synthetic ester oil were mixed at a mass ratio of 4:1 as the base oil raw material. The base oil raw material was put into the reaction vessel, heated to 90℃, and stirred at 210 r / min for 21 min to remove water and light impurities from the base oil raw material, thus obtaining refined base oil. Add 1.5% modifier and 0.8% catalyst by weight of the total base oil to the refined base oil. The modifier is ethylene-acrylate copolymer and the catalyst is organotin catalyst. Then, raise the temperature in the reactor to 140°C, adjust the pressure to 0.4 MPa, and stir the reaction for 5 hours to obtain the modified intermediate product. The modified intermediate was cooled to 70°C, and 1.1% of an antioxidant (by mass of the base oil) was added. The antioxidant was a mixture of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol and phosphite in a mass ratio of 2:1. The mixture was stirred for 25 minutes, and then subjected to vacuum distillation at 110°C, a vacuum of 0.08 MPa, and a distillation time of 1 hour to remove unreacted modifiers and impurities. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature to obtain the modified base oil. Polar groups can be introduced into the molecular chain of base oil to improve the compatibility of base oil with other modified components, while enhancing the viscosity index and antioxidant properties of base oil, preventing oxidative degradation of base oil during high-temperature wire drawing, extending the service life of lubricant, and improving the lubrication carrying capacity of base oil, providing stable lubrication protection for copper wire drawing process; The modification method of the modified extreme pressure anti-wear agent includes the following steps: Sulfated isobutylene, phosphate ester and nano silica were mixed in a mass ratio of 5:2:1 as raw materials for extreme pressure anti-wear agent. Nano silica was placed in anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically dispersed for 20 min at an ultrasonic power of 250W to obtain nano silica dispersion. Add 11% by weight of silane coupling agent KH-550 to the nano silica dispersion, stir evenly, heat to 60℃, react for 3 hours, then centrifuge, wash until neutral, and dry to obtain modified nano silica. Sulfated isobutylene and phosphate ester were added to a reaction vessel, heated to 100°C, stirred at 240 r / min for 35 min, and then modified nano-silica was added. Stirring continued for 1 hour. During this period, 0.6% of the total mass of extreme pressure anti-wear agent raw materials was added as a dispersant, which was polyethylene glycol 400, to obtain a mixed system. The mixture was cooled to 75°C, and 2% of the total mass of the extreme pressure anti-wear agent raw materials in propylene oxide was added. The mixture was stirred and reacted for 2 hours. After the reaction was completed, it was cooled to room temperature and ground to a particle size ≤5μm to obtain the modified extreme pressure anti-wear agent. The surface of nano-silica is modified by silane coupling agent to improve its compatibility with sulfurized isobutylene and phosphate ester. At the same time, the molecular structure of extreme pressure anti-wear agent is optimized by propylene oxide modification, so that the modified extreme pressure anti-wear agent can be quickly adsorbed on the surface of copper wire and mold under high temperature and high pressure conditions to form a high-strength, high-temperature resistant extreme pressure lubricating film, effectively reducing the coefficient of friction, reducing mold wear and copper wire surface defects, significantly improving the extreme pressure anti-wear performance of lubricant, and adapting to high-speed, heavy-duty copper wire drawing process. The modification method for modified emulsifiers includes the following steps: Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, sorbitan fatty acid ester and alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether were mixed in a mass ratio of 4:3:1 as emulsifier raw materials. The emulsifier raw materials were put into the reaction vessel, heated to 70℃, stirred at 210 r / min for 25 min to obtain emulsifier mixture. Add 4% maleic anhydride and 0.6% ammonium persulfate (by total mass of emulsifier raw materials) to the emulsifier mixture, heat to 95°C, and stir for 3 hours to obtain the grafted modified intermediate product. Add 2% (by mass) of triethanolamine (based on the total mass of emulsifier raw materials) to the graft-modified intermediate product, adjust the pH of the system to 7.5, heat to 80°C, stir for 2 hours, and then perform neutralization modification to obtain the neutralized product. The neutralization product was cooled to 50°C, and 1.2% of the total mass of the emulsifier raw materials was added as an organosilicon modifier. The mixture was stirred for 35 minutes and then filtered to remove unreacted impurities, thus obtaining the modified emulsifier. By combining maleic anhydride grafting modification with triethanolamine neutralization modification, the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of the emulsifier can be optimized, improving the emulsifying ability and stability of the emulsifier. Combined with the modification effect of organosilicon modifier, it can effectively prevent the lubricant from demulsifying during high-temperature wire drawing, while improving the compatibility of the lubricant with copper wire and mold, so that the lubricant can be evenly covered on the processing surface, exert a stable lubricating effect, and extend the cycle of the lubricant. The modification method for modified rust inhibitors includes the following steps: Benzotriazole, sodium petroleum sulfonate and sebacic acid were mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1:1 as raw materials for rust inhibitor. The raw materials for rust inhibitor were added to deionized water, heated to 60℃, stirred at 210 r / min for 25 min to obtain an aqueous solution of rust inhibitor. Add 6% of the total mass of the rust inhibitor raw material to the rust inhibitor aqueous solution. The modified resin is a mixture of epoxy resin and polyurethane resin in a mass ratio of 1:1. Stir evenly, heat to 90℃, and react for 2 hours to obtain the resin modified system. Add 1.5% of the total mass of the rust inhibitor raw material and a surfactant, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, to the resin modification system, stir for 25 min, then cool to 40℃ and adjust the pH of the system to 7.2 to obtain the modified rust inhibitor precursor; The modified rust inhibitor precursor was spray-dried at a temperature of 135℃ and a feed rate of 7mL / min to obtain a powdered modified rust inhibitor. By modifying the resin to enhance the film-forming properties of the rust inhibitor, a dense and robust protective film is formed on the surface of the copper wire, effectively isolating it from air, moisture, and impurities, and inhibiting the oxidation and corrosion of the copper wire. At the same time, by modifying the surfactant to improve the dispersibility of the rust inhibitor in the lubricating fluid system, the aggregation of the rust inhibitor is prevented, ensuring a uniform and long-lasting rust-preventing effect. It is especially suitable for copper wire drawing and storage in humid environments, and can significantly improve the surface quality and corrosion resistance of the copper wire. The modification method for modified stabilizers includes the following steps: Zinc hydroxystannate, calcium stearate and polyvinyl chloride resin were mixed in a mass ratio of 4:2:1 as stabilizer raw materials. The polyvinyl chloride resin was pulverized to a particle size ≤10μm and mixed evenly with zinc hydroxystannate and calcium stearate to obtain stabilizer mixed powder. Add 4% of the total mass of the stabilizer raw materials as a modifier to the stabilizer mixed powder. The modifier is methyl methacrylate. Stir evenly and then feed it into a twin-screw extruder for melt grafting modification. The screw speed of the extruder is 125 r / min, the melt temperature is 175℃, and the feeding rate is 7 kg / h to obtain grafted modified particles. The grafted modified particles were cooled to room temperature and pulverized to a particle size ≤5μm. Then, 0.7% of the total mass of the stabilizer raw materials was added as an anti-caking agent, which was talc powder. The mixture was stirred and mixed evenly to obtain the modified stabilizer. Melt grafting modification enables the stabilizer components to form a stable molecular structure, improving the stabilizer's thermal stability and dispersibility. The synergistic effect of zinc hydroxystannate and calcium stearate can effectively inhibit the thermal decomposition of the lubricant during high-temperature processing, preventing a decline in system performance. At the same time, the modified stabilizer can form a synergistic effect with other components in the lubricant, improving the stability of the entire lubricant system, preventing phenomena such as stratification and precipitation, extending the service life of the lubricant, and making it suitable for long-term continuous copper wire drawing production. The defoamer is a mixture of silicone defoamer and polyether defoamer in a mass ratio of 2:1. The silicone defoamer is modified polydimethylsiloxane, and its modification method is as follows: polydimethylsiloxane and vinyltriethoxysilane are mixed in a mass ratio of 10:2, 0.3% of the mass of polydimethylsiloxane is added as a platinum catalyst, the temperature is raised to 90°C, and the reaction is carried out for 2 hours to obtain modified polydimethylsiloxane. The polyether defoamer is polyoxypropylene polyoxyethylene glycerol ether. By combining the two modified defoamers, the defoaming effect can be improved, quickly eliminating bubbles generated during the preparation and use of lubricant, while inhibiting bubble regeneration, avoiding defects such as insufficient lubrication and pinholes on the copper wire surface caused by bubbles, and ensuring the stability of copper wire drawing process. A method for preparing a copper wire drawing lubricant includes the following steps: S1: Weigh each raw material according to the above weight percentage, first put the modified base oil into the reactor, control the temperature inside the reactor to 55℃, the rotation speed to 300r / min, stir for 15min, and obtain the base oil system; S2: Slowly add the modified extreme pressure anti-wear agent to the base oil system, maintain the temperature at 55℃ and the speed at 300r / min, stir for 40min, and check the uniformity of the system every 10min until there are no obvious particulate substances in the system to obtain the extreme pressure lubrication system. S3: Mix the modified emulsifier and cosolvent evenly to prepare an emulsion cosolvent system. Then, slowly add the emulsion cosolvent system dropwise to the extreme pressure lubrication system at a dropping rate of 2 mL / min. During the dropwise addition, maintain the temperature at 65℃ and the rotation speed at 550 r / min. After the dropwise addition is complete, continue stirring for 50 min to obtain the emulsion lubrication system. After the emulsion cosolvent system is added, use a gradient heating method: first raise the temperature to 67℃ and stir for 25 min, then raise the temperature to 73℃ and continue stirring for 25 min. This can further improve the emulsification effect, ensure that the components are evenly dispersed in the system, and avoid the phenomenon of insufficient local emulsification. At the same time, the cosolvent can improve the solubility of the modified emulsifier in the base oil, promote the synergistic effect of the modified components, and enhance the overall stability and lubrication performance of the lubricant. S4: Add modified rust inhibitor and modified stabilizer to the emulsified lubrication system in sequence, maintain the temperature at 65℃ and the speed at 550r / min, stir for 40min, then cool down to 40℃, add defoamer, stir for 20min to obtain the pre-finished product; S5: The pre-finished product is ultrasonically dispersed at a power of 400W for 30 minutes, with stirring every 5 minutes at a speed of 250 rpm. After ultrasonication, the mixture is allowed to stand for 1 hour, then filtered to remove impurities, yielding a copper wire drawing lubricant. Precision filtration is used with a ceramic filter element (0.4 μm pore size) to effectively remove minute impurities and incompletely dispersed particles from the pre-finished product, ensuring the purity of the copper wire drawing lubricant. After filtration, the viscosity and pH of the lubricant are tested, and the viscosity is adjusted to 35 mg / L. The lubricant is adjusted to a viscosity of 30 mm² / s and pH value to 7.5 to adapt to different specifications of copper wire drawing processes. For fine copper wires with a diameter ≤0.1 mm, a lubricant with a viscosity of 30 mm² / s is selected; for coarse copper wires with a diameter >0.1 mm, a lubricant with a viscosity of 40 mm² / s is selected. The concentration of the lubricant can also be adjusted according to the drawing speed. For high-speed drawing speeds >10 m / s, the lubricant is diluted to 85% by mass before use; for low-speed drawing speeds ≤10 m / s, the undiluted solution can be used directly, further improving the applicability and processing flexibility of the lubricant.

[0020] Reference Figure 1 Example 3 This embodiment proposes a copper wire drawing lubricant, which comprises the following raw material components by weight percentage: 55% modified base oil, 8% modified extreme pressure anti-wear agent, 6% modified emulsifier, 3% modified rust inhibitor, 2% modified stabilizer, 0.5% defoamer, 1.5% cosolvent, and 24.5% deionized water (corrected to 24.5%). The modification method for modified base oils includes the following steps: Mineral oil and synthetic ester oil were mixed at a mass ratio of 4:1 as the base oil raw material. The base oil raw material was put into the reaction vessel, heated to 90℃, and stirred at 210 r / min for 21 min to remove water and light impurities from the base oil raw material, thus obtaining refined base oil. Add 1.5% modifier and 0.8% catalyst by weight of the total base oil to the refined base oil. The modifier is ethylene-acrylate copolymer and the catalyst is organotin catalyst. Then, raise the temperature in the reactor to 140°C, adjust the pressure to 0.4 MPa, and stir the reaction for 5 hours to obtain the modified intermediate product. The modified intermediate was cooled to 70°C, and 1.1% of an antioxidant (by mass of the base oil) was added. The antioxidant was a mixture of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol and phosphite in a mass ratio of 2:1. The mixture was stirred for 25 minutes, and then subjected to vacuum distillation at 110°C, a vacuum of 0.08 MPa, and a distillation time of 1 hour to remove unreacted modifiers and impurities. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature to obtain the modified base oil. Polar groups can be introduced into the molecular chain of base oil to improve the compatibility of base oil with other modified components, while enhancing the viscosity index and antioxidant properties of base oil, preventing oxidative degradation of base oil during high-temperature wire drawing, extending the service life of lubricant, and improving the lubrication carrying capacity of base oil, providing stable lubrication protection for copper wire drawing process; The modification method of the modified extreme pressure anti-wear agent includes the following steps: Sulfated isobutylene, phosphate ester and nano silica were mixed in a mass ratio of 5:2:1 as raw materials for extreme pressure anti-wear agent. Nano silica was placed in anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically dispersed for 20 min at an ultrasonic power of 250W to obtain nano silica dispersion. Add 11% by weight of silane coupling agent KH-550 to the nano silica dispersion, stir evenly, heat to 60℃, react for 3 hours, then centrifuge, wash until neutral, and dry to obtain modified nano silica. Sulfated isobutylene and phosphate ester were added to a reaction vessel, heated to 100°C, stirred at 240 r / min for 35 min, and then modified nano-silica was added. Stirring continued for 1 hour. During this period, 0.6% of the total mass of extreme pressure anti-wear agent raw materials was added as a dispersant, which was polyethylene glycol 400, to obtain a mixed system. The mixture was cooled to 75°C, and 2% of the total mass of the extreme pressure anti-wear agent raw materials in propylene oxide was added. The mixture was stirred and reacted for 2 hours. After the reaction was completed, it was cooled to room temperature and ground to a particle size ≤5μm to obtain the modified extreme pressure anti-wear agent. The surface of nano-silica is modified by silane coupling agent to improve its compatibility with sulfurized isobutylene and phosphate ester. At the same time, the molecular structure of extreme pressure anti-wear agent is optimized by propylene oxide modification, so that the modified extreme pressure anti-wear agent can be quickly adsorbed on the surface of copper wire and mold under high temperature and high pressure conditions to form a high-strength, high-temperature resistant extreme pressure lubricating film, effectively reducing the coefficient of friction, reducing mold wear and copper wire surface defects, significantly improving the extreme pressure anti-wear performance of lubricant, and adapting to high-speed, heavy-duty copper wire drawing process. The modification method for modified emulsifiers includes the following steps: Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, sorbitan fatty acid ester and alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether were mixed in a mass ratio of 4:3:1 as emulsifier raw materials. The emulsifier raw materials were put into the reaction vessel, heated to 70℃, stirred at 210 r / min for 25 min to obtain emulsifier mixture. Add 4% maleic anhydride and 0.6% ammonium persulfate (by total mass of emulsifier raw materials) to the emulsifier mixture, heat to 95°C, and stir for 3 hours to obtain the grafted modified intermediate product. Add 2% (by mass) of triethanolamine (based on the total mass of emulsifier raw materials) to the graft-modified intermediate product, adjust the pH of the system to 7.5, heat to 80°C, stir for 2 hours, and then perform neutralization modification to obtain the neutralized product. The neutralization product was cooled to 50°C, and 1.2% of the total mass of the emulsifier raw materials was added as an organosilicon modifier. The mixture was stirred for 35 minutes and then filtered to remove unreacted impurities, thus obtaining the modified emulsifier. By combining maleic anhydride grafting modification with triethanolamine neutralization modification, the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of the emulsifier can be optimized, improving the emulsifying ability and stability of the emulsifier. Combined with the modification effect of organosilicon modifier, it can effectively prevent the lubricant from demulsifying during high-temperature wire drawing, while improving the compatibility of the lubricant with copper wire and mold, so that the lubricant can be evenly covered on the processing surface, exert a stable lubricating effect, and extend the cycle of the lubricant. The modification method for modified rust inhibitors includes the following steps: Benzotriazole, sodium petroleum sulfonate and sebacic acid were mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1:1 as raw materials for rust inhibitor. The raw materials for rust inhibitor were added to deionized water, heated to 60℃, stirred at 210 r / min for 25 min to obtain an aqueous solution of rust inhibitor. Add 6% of the total mass of the rust inhibitor raw material to the rust inhibitor aqueous solution. The modified resin is a mixture of epoxy resin and polyurethane resin in a mass ratio of 1:1. Stir evenly, heat to 90℃, and react for 2 hours to obtain the resin modified system. Add 1.5% of the total mass of the rust inhibitor raw material and a surfactant, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, to the resin modification system, stir for 25 min, then cool to 40℃ and adjust the pH of the system to 7.2 to obtain the modified rust inhibitor precursor; The modified rust inhibitor precursor was spray-dried at a temperature of 135℃ and a feed rate of 7mL / min to obtain a powdered modified rust inhibitor. By modifying the resin to enhance the film-forming properties of the rust inhibitor, a dense and robust protective film is formed on the surface of the copper wire, effectively isolating it from air, moisture, and impurities, and inhibiting the oxidation and corrosion of the copper wire. At the same time, by modifying the surfactant to improve the dispersibility of the rust inhibitor in the lubricating fluid system, the aggregation of the rust inhibitor is prevented, ensuring a uniform and long-lasting rust-preventing effect. It is especially suitable for copper wire drawing and storage in humid environments, and can significantly improve the surface quality and corrosion resistance of the copper wire. The modification method for modified stabilizers includes the following steps: Zinc hydroxystannate, calcium stearate and polyvinyl chloride resin were mixed in a mass ratio of 4:2:1 as stabilizer raw materials. The polyvinyl chloride resin was pulverized to a particle size ≤10μm and mixed evenly with zinc hydroxystannate and calcium stearate to obtain stabilizer mixed powder. Add 4% of the total mass of the stabilizer raw materials as a modifier to the stabilizer mixed powder. The modifier is methyl methacrylate. Stir evenly and then feed it into a twin-screw extruder for melt grafting modification. The screw speed of the extruder is 125 r / min, the melt temperature is 175℃, and the feeding rate is 7 kg / h to obtain grafted modified particles. The grafted modified particles were cooled to room temperature and pulverized to a particle size ≤5μm. Then, 0.7% of the total mass of the stabilizer raw materials was added as an anti-caking agent, which was talc powder. The mixture was stirred and mixed evenly to obtain the modified stabilizer. Melt grafting modification enables the stabilizer components to form a stable molecular structure, improving the stabilizer's thermal stability and dispersibility. The synergistic effect of zinc hydroxystannate and calcium stearate can effectively inhibit the thermal decomposition of the lubricant during high-temperature processing, preventing a decline in system performance. At the same time, the modified stabilizer can form a synergistic effect with other components in the lubricant, improving the stability of the entire lubricant system, preventing phenomena such as stratification and precipitation, extending the service life of the lubricant, and making it suitable for long-term continuous copper wire drawing production. The defoamer is a mixture of silicone defoamer and polyether defoamer in a mass ratio of 2:1. The silicone defoamer is modified polydimethylsiloxane, and its modification method is as follows: polydimethylsiloxane and vinyltriethoxysilane are mixed in a mass ratio of 10:2, 0.3% of the mass of polydimethylsiloxane is added as a platinum catalyst, the temperature is raised to 90°C, and the reaction is carried out for 2 hours to obtain modified polydimethylsiloxane. The polyether defoamer is polyoxypropylene polyoxyethylene glycerol ether. By combining the two modified defoamers, the defoaming effect can be improved, quickly eliminating bubbles generated during the preparation and use of lubricant, while inhibiting bubble regeneration, avoiding defects such as insufficient lubrication and pinholes on the copper wire surface caused by bubbles, and ensuring the stability of copper wire drawing process. A method for preparing a copper wire drawing lubricant includes the following steps: S1: Weigh each raw material according to the above weight percentage, first put the modified base oil into the reactor, control the temperature inside the reactor to 55℃, the rotation speed to 300r / min, stir for 15min, and obtain the base oil system; S2: Slowly add the modified extreme pressure anti-wear agent to the base oil system, maintain the temperature at 55℃ and the speed at 300r / min, stir for 40min, and check the uniformity of the system every 10min until there are no obvious particulate substances in the system to obtain the extreme pressure lubrication system. S3: Mix the modified emulsifier and cosolvent evenly to prepare an emulsion cosolvent system. Then, slowly add the emulsion cosolvent system dropwise to the extreme pressure lubrication system at a dropping rate of 2 mL / min. During the dropwise addition, maintain the temperature at 65℃ and the rotation speed at 550 r / min. After the dropwise addition is complete, continue stirring for 50 min to obtain the emulsion lubrication system. After the emulsion cosolvent system is added, use a gradient heating method: first raise the temperature to 67℃ and stir for 25 min, then raise the temperature to 73℃ and continue stirring for 25 min. This can further improve the emulsification effect, ensure that the components are evenly dispersed in the system, and avoid the phenomenon of insufficient local emulsification. At the same time, the cosolvent can improve the solubility of the modified emulsifier in the base oil, promote the synergistic effect of the modified components, and enhance the overall stability and lubrication performance of the lubricant. S4: Add modified rust inhibitor and modified stabilizer to the emulsified lubrication system in sequence, maintain the temperature at 65℃ and the speed at 550r / min, stir for 40min, then cool down to 40℃, add defoamer, stir for 20min to obtain the pre-finished product; S5: The pre-finished product is ultrasonically dispersed at a power of 400W for 30 minutes, with stirring every 5 minutes at a speed of 250 rpm. After ultrasonication, the mixture is allowed to stand for 1 hour, then filtered to remove impurities, yielding a copper wire drawing lubricant. Precision filtration is used with a ceramic filter element (0.4 μm pore size) to effectively remove minute impurities and incompletely dispersed particles from the pre-finished product, ensuring the purity of the copper wire drawing lubricant. After filtration, the viscosity and pH of the lubricant are tested, and the viscosity is adjusted to 35 mg / L. The lubricant is adjusted to a viscosity of 30 mm² / s and pH value to 7.5 to adapt to different specifications of copper wire drawing processes. For fine copper wires with a diameter ≤0.1 mm, a lubricant with a viscosity of 30 mm² / s is selected; for coarse copper wires with a diameter >0.1 mm, a lubricant with a viscosity of 40 mm² / s is selected. The concentration of the lubricant can also be adjusted according to the drawing speed. For high-speed drawing speeds >10 m / s, the lubricant is diluted to 85% by mass before use; for low-speed drawing speeds ≤10 m / s, the undiluted solution can be used directly, further improving the applicability and processing flexibility of the lubricant.

[0021] Reference Figure 1 Example 4 This embodiment proposes a copper wire drawing lubricant, which comprises the following raw material components by weight percentage: 48% modified base oil, 11% modified extreme pressure anti-wear agent, 8% modified emulsifier, 6% modified rust inhibitor, 3% modified stabilizer, 1.2% defoamer, 2.8% cosolvent, and 20% deionized water; The modification method for modified base oils includes the following steps: Mineral oil and synthetic ester oil were mixed at a mass ratio of 4:1 as the base oil raw material. The base oil raw material was put into the reaction vessel, heated to 90℃, and stirred at 210 r / min for 21 min to remove water and light impurities from the base oil raw material, thus obtaining refined base oil. Add 1.5% modifier and 0.8% catalyst by weight of the total base oil to the refined base oil. The modifier is ethylene-acrylate copolymer and the catalyst is organotin catalyst. Then, raise the temperature in the reactor to 140°C, adjust the pressure to 0.4 MPa, and stir the reaction for 5 hours to obtain the modified intermediate product. The modified intermediate was cooled to 70°C, and 1.1% of an antioxidant (by mass of the base oil) was added. The antioxidant was a mixture of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol and phosphite in a mass ratio of 2:1. The mixture was stirred for 25 minutes, and then subjected to vacuum distillation at 110°C, a vacuum of 0.08 MPa, and a distillation time of 1 hour to remove unreacted modifiers and impurities. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature to obtain the modified base oil. Polar groups can be introduced into the molecular chain of base oil to improve the compatibility of base oil with other modified components, while enhancing the viscosity index and antioxidant properties of base oil, preventing oxidative degradation of base oil during high-temperature wire drawing, extending the service life of lubricant, and improving the lubrication carrying capacity of base oil, providing stable lubrication protection for copper wire drawing process; The modification method of the modified extreme pressure anti-wear agent includes the following steps: Sulfated isobutylene, phosphate ester and nano silica were mixed in a mass ratio of 5:2:1 as raw materials for extreme pressure anti-wear agent. Nano silica was placed in anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically dispersed for 20 min at an ultrasonic power of 250W to obtain nano silica dispersion. Add 11% by weight of silane coupling agent KH-550 to the nano silica dispersion, stir evenly, heat to 60℃, react for 3 hours, then centrifuge, wash until neutral, and dry to obtain modified nano silica. Sulfated isobutylene and phosphate ester were added to a reaction vessel, heated to 100°C, stirred at 240 r / min for 35 min, and then modified nano-silica was added. Stirring continued for 1 hour. During this period, 0.6% of the total mass of extreme pressure anti-wear agent raw materials was added as a dispersant, which was polyethylene glycol 400, to obtain a mixed system. The mixture was cooled to 75°C, and 2% of the total mass of the extreme pressure anti-wear agent raw materials in propylene oxide was added. The mixture was stirred and reacted for 2 hours. After the reaction was completed, it was cooled to room temperature and ground to a particle size ≤5μm to obtain the modified extreme pressure anti-wear agent. The surface of nano-silica is modified by silane coupling agent to improve its compatibility with sulfurized isobutylene and phosphate ester. At the same time, the molecular structure of extreme pressure anti-wear agent is optimized by propylene oxide modification, so that the modified extreme pressure anti-wear agent can be quickly adsorbed on the surface of copper wire and mold under high temperature and high pressure conditions to form a high-strength, high-temperature resistant extreme pressure lubricating film, effectively reducing the coefficient of friction, reducing mold wear and copper wire surface defects, significantly improving the extreme pressure anti-wear performance of lubricant, and adapting to high-speed, heavy-duty copper wire drawing process. The modification method for modified emulsifiers includes the following steps: Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, sorbitan fatty acid ester and alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether were mixed in a mass ratio of 4:3:1 as emulsifier raw materials. The emulsifier raw materials were put into the reaction vessel, heated to 70℃, stirred at 210 r / min for 25 min to obtain emulsifier mixture. Add 4% maleic anhydride and 0.6% ammonium persulfate (by total mass of emulsifier raw materials) to the emulsifier mixture, heat to 95°C, and stir for 3 hours to obtain the grafted modified intermediate product. Add 2% (by mass) of triethanolamine (based on the total mass of emulsifier raw materials) to the graft-modified intermediate product, adjust the pH of the system to 7.5, heat to 80°C, stir for 2 hours, and then perform neutralization modification to obtain the neutralized product. The neutralization product was cooled to 50°C, and 1.2% of the total mass of the emulsifier raw materials was added as an organosilicon modifier. The mixture was stirred for 35 minutes and then filtered to remove unreacted impurities, thus obtaining the modified emulsifier. By combining maleic anhydride grafting modification with triethanolamine neutralization modification, the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of the emulsifier can be optimized, improving the emulsifying ability and stability of the emulsifier. Combined with the modification effect of organosilicon modifier, it can effectively prevent the lubricant from demulsifying during high-temperature wire drawing, while improving the compatibility of the lubricant with copper wire and mold, so that the lubricant can be evenly covered on the processing surface, exert a stable lubricating effect, and extend the cycle of the lubricant. The modification method for modified rust inhibitors includes the following steps: Benzotriazole, sodium petroleum sulfonate and sebacic acid were mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1:1 as raw materials for rust inhibitor. The raw materials for rust inhibitor were added to deionized water, heated to 60℃, stirred at 210 r / min for 25 min to obtain an aqueous solution of rust inhibitor. Add 6% of the total mass of the rust inhibitor raw material to the rust inhibitor aqueous solution. The modified resin is a mixture of epoxy resin and polyurethane resin in a mass ratio of 1:1. Stir evenly, heat to 90℃, and react for 2 hours to obtain the resin modified system. Add 1.5% of the total mass of the rust inhibitor raw material and a surfactant, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, to the resin modification system, stir for 25 min, then cool to 40℃ and adjust the pH of the system to 7.2 to obtain the modified rust inhibitor precursor; The modified rust inhibitor precursor was spray-dried at a temperature of 135℃ and a feed rate of 7mL / min to obtain a powdered modified rust inhibitor. By modifying the resin to enhance the film-forming properties of the rust inhibitor, a dense and robust protective film is formed on the surface of the copper wire, effectively isolating it from air, moisture, and impurities, and inhibiting the oxidation and corrosion of the copper wire. At the same time, by modifying the surfactant to improve the dispersibility of the rust inhibitor in the lubricating fluid system, the aggregation of the rust inhibitor is prevented, ensuring a uniform and long-lasting rust-preventing effect. It is especially suitable for copper wire drawing and storage in humid environments, and can significantly improve the surface quality and corrosion resistance of the copper wire. The modification method for modified stabilizers includes the following steps: Zinc hydroxystannate, calcium stearate and polyvinyl chloride resin were mixed in a mass ratio of 4:2:1 as stabilizer raw materials. The polyvinyl chloride resin was pulverized to a particle size ≤10μm and mixed evenly with zinc hydroxystannate and calcium stearate to obtain stabilizer mixed powder. Add 4% of the total mass of the stabilizer raw materials as a modifier to the stabilizer mixed powder. The modifier is methyl methacrylate. Stir evenly and then feed it into a twin-screw extruder for melt grafting modification. The screw speed of the extruder is 125 r / min, the melt temperature is 175℃, and the feeding rate is 7 kg / h to obtain grafted modified particles. The grafted modified particles were cooled to room temperature and pulverized to a particle size ≤5μm. Then, 0.7% of the total mass of the stabilizer raw materials was added as an anti-caking agent, which was talc powder. The mixture was stirred and mixed evenly to obtain the modified stabilizer. Melt grafting modification enables the stabilizer components to form a stable molecular structure, improving the stabilizer's thermal stability and dispersibility. The synergistic effect of zinc hydroxystannate and calcium stearate can effectively inhibit the thermal decomposition of the lubricant during high-temperature processing, preventing a decline in system performance. At the same time, the modified stabilizer can form a synergistic effect with other components in the lubricant, improving the stability of the entire lubricant system, preventing phenomena such as stratification and precipitation, extending the service life of the lubricant, and making it suitable for long-term continuous copper wire drawing production. The defoamer is a mixture of silicone defoamer and polyether defoamer in a mass ratio of 2:1. The silicone defoamer is modified polydimethylsiloxane, and its modification method is as follows: polydimethylsiloxane and vinyltriethoxysilane are mixed in a mass ratio of 10:2, 0.3% of the mass of polydimethylsiloxane is added as a platinum catalyst, the temperature is raised to 90°C, and the reaction is carried out for 2 hours to obtain modified polydimethylsiloxane. The polyether defoamer is polyoxypropylene polyoxyethylene glycerol ether. By combining the two modified defoamers, the defoaming effect can be improved, quickly eliminating bubbles generated during the preparation and use of lubricant, while inhibiting bubble regeneration, avoiding defects such as insufficient lubrication and pinholes on the copper wire surface caused by bubbles, and ensuring the stability of copper wire drawing process. A method for preparing a copper wire drawing lubricant includes the following steps: S1: Weigh each raw material according to the above weight percentage, first put the modified base oil into the reactor, control the temperature inside the reactor to 55℃, the rotation speed to 300r / min, stir for 15min, and obtain the base oil system; S2: Slowly add the modified extreme pressure anti-wear agent to the base oil system, maintain the temperature at 55℃ and the speed at 300r / min, stir for 40min, and check the uniformity of the system every 10min until there are no obvious particulate substances in the system to obtain the extreme pressure lubrication system. S3: Mix the modified emulsifier and cosolvent evenly to prepare an emulsion cosolvent system. Then, slowly add the emulsion cosolvent system dropwise to the extreme pressure lubrication system at a dropping rate of 2 mL / min. During the dropwise addition, maintain the temperature at 65℃ and the rotation speed at 550 r / min. After the dropwise addition is complete, continue stirring for 50 min to obtain the emulsion lubrication system. After the emulsion cosolvent system is added, use a gradient heating method: first raise the temperature to 67℃ and stir for 25 min, then raise the temperature to 73℃ and continue stirring for 25 min. This can further improve the emulsification effect, ensure that the components are evenly dispersed in the system, and avoid the phenomenon of insufficient local emulsification. At the same time, the cosolvent can improve the solubility of the modified emulsifier in the base oil, promote the synergistic effect of the modified components, and enhance the overall stability and lubrication performance of the lubricant. S4: Add modified rust inhibitor and modified stabilizer to the emulsified lubrication system in sequence, maintain the temperature at 65℃ and the speed at 550r / min, stir for 40min, then cool down to 40℃, add defoamer, stir for 20min to obtain the pre-finished product; S5: The pre-finished product is ultrasonically dispersed at a power of 400W for 30 minutes, with stirring every 5 minutes at a speed of 250 rpm. After ultrasonication, the mixture is allowed to stand for 1 hour, then filtered to remove impurities, yielding a copper wire drawing lubricant. Precision filtration is used with a ceramic filter element (0.4 μm pore size) to effectively remove minute impurities and incompletely dispersed particles from the pre-finished product, ensuring the purity of the copper wire drawing lubricant. After filtration, the viscosity and pH of the lubricant are tested, and the viscosity is adjusted to 35 mg / L. The lubricant is adjusted to a viscosity of 30 mm² / s and pH value to 7.5 to adapt to different specifications of copper wire drawing processes. For fine copper wires with a diameter ≤0.1 mm, a lubricant with a viscosity of 30 mm² / s is selected; for coarse copper wires with a diameter >0.1 mm, a lubricant with a viscosity of 40 mm² / s is selected. The concentration of the lubricant can also be adjusted according to the drawing speed. For high-speed drawing speeds >10 m / s, the lubricant is diluted to 85% by mass before use; for low-speed drawing speeds ≤10 m / s, the undiluted solution can be used directly, further improving the applicability and processing flexibility of the lubricant.

[0022] Reference Figure 1 Example 5 This embodiment proposes a copper wire drawing lubricant, which comprises the following raw material components by weight percentage: 40% modified base oil, 15% modified extreme pressure anti-wear agent, 12% modified emulsifier, 4% modified rust inhibitor, 5% modified stabilizer, 1.5% defoamer, 3.5% modified cosolvent, and 18.5% deionized water; The modification method for modified base oils includes the following steps: Mineral oil and synthetic ester oil were mixed at a mass ratio of 4:1 as the base oil raw material. The base oil raw material was put into the reaction vessel, heated to 90℃, and stirred at 210 r / min for 21 min to remove water and light impurities from the base oil raw material, thus obtaining refined base oil. Add 1.5% modifier and 0.8% catalyst by weight of the total base oil to the refined base oil. The modifier is ethylene-acrylate copolymer and the catalyst is organotin catalyst. Then, raise the temperature in the reactor to 140°C, adjust the pressure to 0.4 MPa, and stir the reaction for 5 hours to obtain the modified intermediate product. The modified intermediate was cooled to 70°C, and 1.1% of an antioxidant (by mass of the base oil) was added. The antioxidant was a mixture of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol and phosphite in a mass ratio of 2:1. The mixture was stirred for 25 minutes, and then subjected to vacuum distillation at 110°C, a vacuum of 0.08 MPa, and a distillation time of 1 hour to remove unreacted modifiers and impurities. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature to obtain the modified base oil. Polar groups can be introduced into the molecular chain of base oil to improve the compatibility of base oil with other modified components, while enhancing the viscosity index and antioxidant properties of base oil, preventing oxidative degradation of base oil during high-temperature wire drawing, extending the service life of lubricant, and improving the lubrication carrying capacity of base oil, providing stable lubrication protection for copper wire drawing process; The modification method of the modified extreme pressure anti-wear agent includes the following steps: Sulfated isobutylene, phosphate ester and nano silica were mixed in a mass ratio of 5:2:1 as raw materials for extreme pressure anti-wear agent. Nano silica was placed in anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically dispersed for 20 min at an ultrasonic power of 250W to obtain nano silica dispersion. Add 11% by weight of silane coupling agent KH-550 to the nano silica dispersion, stir evenly, heat to 60℃, react for 3 hours, then centrifuge, wash until neutral, and dry to obtain modified nano silica. Sulfated isobutylene and phosphate ester were added to a reaction vessel, heated to 100°C, stirred at 240 r / min for 35 min, and then modified nano-silica was added. Stirring continued for 1 hour. During this period, 0.6% of the total mass of extreme pressure anti-wear agent raw materials was added as a dispersant, which was polyethylene glycol 400, to obtain a mixed system. The mixture was cooled to 75°C, and 2% of the total mass of the extreme pressure anti-wear agent raw materials in propylene oxide was added. The mixture was stirred and reacted for 2 hours. After the reaction was completed, it was cooled to room temperature and ground to a particle size ≤5μm to obtain the modified extreme pressure anti-wear agent. The surface of nano-silica is modified by silane coupling agent to improve its compatibility with sulfurized isobutylene and phosphate ester. At the same time, the molecular structure of extreme pressure anti-wear agent is optimized by propylene oxide modification, so that the modified extreme pressure anti-wear agent can be quickly adsorbed on the surface of copper wire and mold under high temperature and high pressure conditions to form a high-strength, high-temperature resistant extreme pressure lubricating film, effectively reducing the coefficient of friction, reducing mold wear and copper wire surface defects, significantly improving the extreme pressure anti-wear performance of lubricant, and adapting to high-speed, heavy-duty copper wire drawing process. The modification method for modified emulsifiers includes the following steps: Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, sorbitan fatty acid ester and alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether were mixed in a mass ratio of 4:3:1 as emulsifier raw materials. The emulsifier raw materials were put into the reaction vessel, heated to 70℃, stirred at 210 r / min for 25 min to obtain emulsifier mixture. Add 4% maleic anhydride and 0.6% ammonium persulfate (by total mass of emulsifier raw materials) to the emulsifier mixture, heat to 95°C, and stir for 3 hours to obtain the grafted modified intermediate product. Add 2% (by mass) of triethanolamine (based on the total mass of emulsifier raw materials) to the graft-modified intermediate product, adjust the pH of the system to 7.5, heat to 80°C, stir for 2 hours, and then perform neutralization modification to obtain the neutralized product. The neutralization product was cooled to 50°C, and 1.2% of the total mass of the emulsifier raw materials was added as an organosilicon modifier. The mixture was stirred for 35 minutes and then filtered to remove unreacted impurities, thus obtaining the modified emulsifier. By combining maleic anhydride grafting modification with triethanolamine neutralization modification, the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of the emulsifier can be optimized, improving the emulsifying ability and stability of the emulsifier. Combined with the modification effect of organosilicon modifier, it can effectively prevent the lubricant from demulsifying during high-temperature wire drawing, while improving the compatibility of the lubricant with copper wire and mold, so that the lubricant can be evenly covered on the processing surface, exert a stable lubricating effect, and extend the cycle of the lubricant. The modification method for modified rust inhibitors includes the following steps: Benzotriazole, sodium petroleum sulfonate and sebacic acid were mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1:1 as raw materials for rust inhibitor. The raw materials for rust inhibitor were added to deionized water, heated to 60℃, stirred at 210 r / min for 25 min to obtain an aqueous solution of rust inhibitor. Add 6% of the total mass of the rust inhibitor raw material to the rust inhibitor aqueous solution. The modified resin is a mixture of epoxy resin and polyurethane resin in a mass ratio of 1:1. Stir evenly, heat to 90℃, and react for 2 hours to obtain the resin modified system. Add 1.5% of the total mass of the rust inhibitor raw material and a surfactant, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, to the resin modification system, stir for 25 min, then cool to 40℃ and adjust the pH of the system to 7.2 to obtain the modified rust inhibitor precursor; The modified rust inhibitor precursor was spray-dried at a temperature of 135℃ and a feed rate of 7mL / min to obtain a powdered modified rust inhibitor. By modifying the resin to enhance the film-forming properties of the rust inhibitor, a dense and robust protective film is formed on the surface of the copper wire, effectively isolating it from air, moisture, and impurities, and inhibiting the oxidation and corrosion of the copper wire. At the same time, by modifying the surfactant to improve the dispersibility of the rust inhibitor in the lubricating fluid system, the aggregation of the rust inhibitor is prevented, ensuring a uniform and long-lasting rust-preventing effect. It is especially suitable for copper wire drawing and storage in humid environments, and can significantly improve the surface quality and corrosion resistance of the copper wire. The modification method for modified stabilizers includes the following steps: Zinc hydroxystannate, calcium stearate and polyvinyl chloride resin were mixed in a mass ratio of 4:2:1 as stabilizer raw materials. The polyvinyl chloride resin was pulverized to a particle size ≤10μm and mixed evenly with zinc hydroxystannate and calcium stearate to obtain stabilizer mixed powder. Add 4% of the total mass of the stabilizer raw materials as a modifier to the stabilizer mixed powder. The modifier is methyl methacrylate. Stir evenly and then feed it into a twin-screw extruder for melt grafting modification. The screw speed of the extruder is 125 r / min, the melt temperature is 175℃, and the feeding rate is 7 kg / h to obtain grafted modified particles. The grafted modified particles were cooled to room temperature and pulverized to a particle size ≤5μm. Then, 0.7% of the total mass of the stabilizer raw materials was added as an anti-caking agent, which was talc powder. The mixture was stirred and mixed evenly to obtain the modified stabilizer. Melt grafting modification enables the stabilizer components to form a stable molecular structure, improving the stabilizer's thermal stability and dispersibility. The synergistic effect of zinc hydroxystannate and calcium stearate can effectively inhibit the thermal decomposition of the lubricant during high-temperature processing, preventing a decline in system performance. At the same time, the modified stabilizer can form a synergistic effect with other components in the lubricant, improving the stability of the entire lubricant system, preventing phenomena such as stratification and precipitation, extending the service life of the lubricant, and making it suitable for long-term continuous copper wire drawing production. The defoamer is a mixture of silicone defoamer and polyether defoamer in a mass ratio of 2:1. The silicone defoamer is modified polydimethylsiloxane, and its modification method is as follows: polydimethylsiloxane and vinyltriethoxysilane are mixed in a mass ratio of 10:2, 0.3% of the mass of polydimethylsiloxane is added as a platinum catalyst, the temperature is raised to 90°C, and the reaction is carried out for 2 hours to obtain modified polydimethylsiloxane. The polyether defoamer is polyoxypropylene polyoxyethylene glycerol ether. By combining the two modified defoamers, the defoaming effect can be improved, quickly eliminating bubbles generated during the preparation and use of lubricant, while inhibiting bubble regeneration, avoiding defects such as insufficient lubrication and pinholes on the copper wire surface caused by bubbles, and ensuring the stability of copper wire drawing process. A method for preparing a copper wire drawing lubricant includes the following steps: S1: Weigh each raw material according to the above weight percentage, first put the modified base oil into the reactor, control the temperature inside the reactor to 55℃, the rotation speed to 300r / min, stir for 15min, and obtain the base oil system; S2: Slowly add the modified extreme pressure anti-wear agent to the base oil system, maintain the temperature at 55℃ and the speed at 300r / min, stir for 40min, and check the uniformity of the system every 10min until there are no obvious particulate substances in the system to obtain the extreme pressure lubrication system. S3: Mix the modified emulsifier and cosolvent evenly to prepare an emulsion cosolvent system. Then, slowly add the emulsion cosolvent system dropwise to the extreme pressure lubrication system at a dropping rate of 2 mL / min. During the dropwise addition, maintain the temperature at 65℃ and the rotation speed at 550 r / min. After the dropwise addition is complete, continue stirring for 50 min to obtain the emulsion lubrication system. After the emulsion cosolvent system is added, use a gradient heating method: first raise the temperature to 67℃ and stir for 25 min, then raise the temperature to 73℃ and continue stirring for 25 min. This can further improve the emulsification effect, ensure that the components are evenly dispersed in the system, and avoid the phenomenon of insufficient local emulsification. At the same time, the cosolvent can improve the solubility of the modified emulsifier in the base oil, promote the synergistic effect of the modified components, and enhance the overall stability and lubrication performance of the lubricant. S4: Add modified rust inhibitor and modified stabilizer to the emulsified lubrication system in sequence, maintain the temperature at 65℃ and the speed at 550r / min, stir for 40min, then cool down to 40℃, add defoamer, stir for 20min to obtain the pre-finished product; S5: The pre-finished product is ultrasonically dispersed at a power of 400W for 30 minutes, with stirring every 5 minutes at a speed of 250 rpm. After ultrasonication, the mixture is allowed to stand for 1 hour, then filtered to remove impurities, yielding a copper wire drawing lubricant. Precision filtration is used with a ceramic filter element (0.4 μm pore size) to effectively remove minute impurities and incompletely dispersed particles from the pre-finished product, ensuring the purity of the copper wire drawing lubricant. After filtration, the viscosity and pH of the lubricant are tested, and the viscosity is adjusted to 35 mg / L. The lubricant is adjusted to a viscosity of 30 mm² / s and pH value to 7.5 to adapt to different specifications of copper wire drawing processes. For fine copper wires with a diameter ≤0.1 mm, a lubricant with a viscosity of 30 mm² / s is selected; for coarse copper wires with a diameter >0.1 mm, a lubricant with a viscosity of 40 mm² / s is selected. The concentration of the lubricant can also be adjusted according to the drawing speed. For high-speed drawing speeds >10 m / s, the lubricant is diluted to 85% by mass before use; for low-speed drawing speeds ≤10 m / s, the undiluted solution can be used directly, further improving the applicability and processing flexibility of the lubricant.

[0023] The copper wire drawing lubricant prepared in Examples 1 to 5 is compared with the conventional copper wire drawing lubricant. The copper wire drawing lubricant prepared in Examples 1 to 5 is shown in the table below:

[0024] As can be seen from the table above, the copper wire drawing lubricant prepared by the present invention has significantly improved performance in various aspects, and Embodiment 2 is the best embodiment.

[0025] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A copper wire drawing lubricant, characterized in that, The copper wire drawing lubricant comprises the following raw material components by weight percentage: 35%–55% modified base oil, 8%–18% modified extreme pressure anti-wear agent, 6%–15% modified emulsifier, 3%–8% modified rust inhibitor, 2%–6% modified stabilizer, 0.5%–2% defoamer, 1%–4% cosolvent, and 8%–23% deionized water.

2. The copper wire drawing lubricant according to claim 1, characterized in that, The modification method for the modified base oil includes the following steps: Mineral oil and synthetic ester oil were mixed at a mass ratio of 4:1 as the base oil raw material. The base oil raw material was put into the reaction vessel, heated to 90℃, and stirred at 210 r / min for 21 min to remove water and light impurities from the base oil raw material, thus obtaining refined base oil. Add 1.5% modifier and 0.8% catalyst by weight of the total base oil to the refined base oil. The modifier is ethylene-acrylate copolymer and the catalyst is organotin catalyst. Then, raise the temperature in the reactor to 140°C, adjust the pressure to 0.4 MPa, and stir the reaction for 5 hours to obtain the modified intermediate product. The modified intermediate was cooled to 70°C, and 1.1% of an antioxidant (by mass of the base oil) was added. The antioxidant was a mixture of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol and phosphite in a mass ratio of 2:

1. The mixture was stirred for 25 minutes, and then subjected to vacuum distillation at 110°C, a vacuum of 0.08 MPa, and a distillation time of 1 hour to remove unreacted modifiers and impurities. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature to obtain the modified base oil.

3. The copper wire drawing lubricant according to claim 1, characterized in that, The modification method of the modified extreme pressure anti-wear agent includes the following steps: Sulfated isobutylene, phosphate ester and nano silica were mixed in a mass ratio of 5:2:1 as raw materials for extreme pressure anti-wear agent. Nano silica was placed in anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically dispersed for 20 min at an ultrasonic power of 250W to obtain nano silica dispersion. Add 11% by weight of silane coupling agent KH-550 to the nano silica dispersion, stir evenly, heat to 60℃, react for 3 hours, then centrifuge, wash until neutral, and dry to obtain modified nano silica. Sulfated isobutylene and phosphate ester were added to a reaction vessel, heated to 100°C, stirred at 240 r / min for 35 min, and then modified nano-silica was added. Stirring continued for 1 hour. During this period, 0.6% of the total mass of extreme pressure anti-wear agent raw materials was added as a dispersant, which was polyethylene glycol 400, to obtain a mixed system. The mixture was cooled to 75°C, and 2% of the total mass of the extreme pressure anti-wear agent raw materials in propylene oxide was added. The mixture was stirred and reacted for 2 hours. After the reaction was completed, it was cooled to room temperature and ground until the particle size was ≤5μm to obtain the modified extreme pressure anti-wear agent.

4. The copper wire drawing lubricant according to claim 1, characterized in that, The modification method of the modified emulsifier includes the following steps: Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, sorbitan fatty acid ester and alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether were mixed in a mass ratio of 4:3:1 as emulsifier raw materials. The emulsifier raw materials were put into the reaction vessel, heated to 70℃, stirred at 210 r / min for 25 min to obtain emulsifier mixture. Add 4% maleic anhydride and 0.6% ammonium persulfate (by total mass of emulsifier raw materials) to the emulsifier mixture, heat to 95°C, and stir for 3 hours to obtain the grafted modified intermediate product. Add 2% (by mass) of triethanolamine (based on the total mass of emulsifier raw materials) to the graft-modified intermediate product, adjust the pH of the system to 7.5, heat to 80°C, stir for 2 hours, and then perform neutralization modification to obtain the neutralized product. The neutralized product was cooled to 50°C, and 1.2% of the total mass of the emulsifier raw materials was added as an organosilicon modifier. The mixture was stirred for 35 minutes and then filtered to remove unreacted impurities, thus obtaining the modified emulsifier.

5. The copper wire drawing lubricant according to claim 1, characterized in that, The modification method of the modified rust inhibitor includes the following steps: Benzotriazole, sodium petroleum sulfonate and sebacic acid were mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1:1 as raw materials for rust inhibitor. The raw materials for rust inhibitor were added to deionized water, heated to 60℃, stirred at 210 r / min for 25 min to obtain an aqueous solution of rust inhibitor. Add 6% of the total mass of the rust inhibitor raw material to the rust inhibitor aqueous solution. The modified resin is a mixture of epoxy resin and polyurethane resin in a mass ratio of 1:

1. Stir evenly, heat to 90℃, and react for 2 hours to obtain the resin modified system. Add 1.5% of the total mass of the rust inhibitor raw material and a surfactant, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, to the resin modification system, stir for 25 min, then cool to 40℃ and adjust the pH of the system to 7.2 to obtain the modified rust inhibitor precursor; The modified rust inhibitor precursor was spray-dried at a temperature of 135℃ and a feed rate of 7mL / min to obtain a powdered modified rust inhibitor.

6. The copper wire drawing lubricant according to claim 1, characterized in that, The modification method of the modified stabilizer includes the following steps: Zinc hydroxystannate, calcium stearate and polyvinyl chloride resin were mixed in a mass ratio of 4:2:1 as stabilizer raw materials. The polyvinyl chloride resin was pulverized to a particle size ≤10μm and mixed evenly with zinc hydroxystannate and calcium stearate to obtain stabilizer mixed powder. Add 4% of the total mass of the stabilizer raw materials as a modifier to the stabilizer mixed powder. The modifier is methyl methacrylate. Stir evenly and then feed it into a twin-screw extruder for melt grafting modification. The screw speed of the extruder is 125 r / min, the melt temperature is 175℃, and the feeding rate is 7 kg / h to obtain grafted modified particles. The grafted modified particles were cooled to room temperature and pulverized to a particle size ≤ 5 μm. Then, 0.7% of the total mass of the stabilizer raw materials was added as an anti-caking agent, which was talc powder. The mixture was stirred and mixed evenly to obtain the modified stabilizer.

7. The copper wire drawing lubricant according to claim 1, characterized in that, The defoamer is a mixture of silicone defoamer and polyether defoamer in a mass ratio of 2:

1. The silicone defoamer is modified polydimethylsiloxane, and the modification method is as follows: polydimethylsiloxane and vinyltriethoxysilane are mixed in a mass ratio of 10:2, 0.3% of a platinum catalyst by mass of polydimethylsiloxane is added, the temperature is raised to 90°C, and the reaction is carried out for 2 hours to obtain modified polydimethylsiloxane.

8. A method for preparing the copper wire drawing lubricant as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Weigh each raw material according to the above weight percentage, first put the modified base oil into the reactor, control the temperature inside the reactor to 55℃, the rotation speed to 300r / min, stir for 15min, and obtain the base oil system; S2: Slowly add the modified extreme pressure anti-wear agent to the base oil system, maintain the temperature at 55℃ and the speed at 300r / min, stir for 40min, and check the uniformity of the system every 10min until there are no obvious particulate substances in the system to obtain the extreme pressure lubrication system. S3: Mix the modified emulsifier and the cosolvent evenly to prepare an emulsified cosolvent system. Then, slowly add the emulsified cosolvent system dropwise to the extreme pressure lubrication system at a dropping rate of 2 mL / min. During the dropping process, keep the temperature at 65℃ and the rotation speed at 550 r / min. After the dropping is completed, continue stirring for 50 min to obtain the emulsified lubrication system. S4: Add modified rust inhibitor and modified stabilizer to the emulsified lubrication system in sequence, maintain the temperature at 65℃ and the speed at 550r / min, stir for 40min, then cool down to 40℃, add defoamer, stir for 20min to obtain the pre-finished product; S5: The pre-finished product is subjected to ultrasonic dispersion treatment. The ultrasonic power is 400W and the ultrasonic time is 30min. During the ultrasonic process, it is stirred once every 5min. The stirring speed is 250r / min. After ultrasonication, it is allowed to stand for 1 hour, and impurities are removed by filtration to obtain copper wire drawing lubricant.

9. The method for preparing a copper wire drawing lubricant according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S3, after the emulsified solubilizing system is added dropwise, a gradient heating method is adopted. First, the temperature is raised to 67°C and stirred for 25 minutes, then the temperature is raised to 73°C and stirred for another 25 minutes.

10. The method for preparing a copper wire drawing lubricant according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S5, precision filtration is used, with a ceramic filter element as the filter medium and a pore size of 0.4 μm. After filtration, the viscosity and pH of the lubricating fluid are measured, and the viscosity is adjusted to 35 mm² / s, and the pH is adjusted to [value missing]. 7.

5. To adapt the lubricant to different specifications of copper wire drawing processes, when drawing fine copper wire with a diameter ≤0.1mm, use a lubricant with a viscosity of 30mm² / s; when drawing coarse copper wire with a diameter >0.1mm, use a lubricant with a viscosity of 40mm² / s. At the same time, the concentration of the lubricant can be adjusted according to the drawing speed. When the drawing speed is >10m / s, dilute the lubricant to 85% by mass before use; when the drawing speed is ≤10m / s, use a lubricant with a viscosity of 40mm² / s.

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