A spiral energy-absorbing component, a support frame including the component, and a construction method thereof.

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of rockburst prevention and support in coal mine roadways, specifically providing a spiral energy-absorbing component, a support frame including the component, and a construction method. The spiral energy-absorbing component and support frame involve several parts: the spiral energy-absorbing component, the invert arch, and the arch crown. In the initial stage of roadway excavation support, the spiral energy-absorbing component partially deforms to adapt to the cross-sectional shape. During rockburst, energy is absorbed by the curling of the spiral region of the component, thus constituting primary support. After the internal support columns are fitted, the impact energy is absorbed through the plastic buckling of the component material and the concrete within the central columns, forming secondary support. The internal support provides the main support force for the steel-concrete composite pipe. Therefore, this invention can achieve partial absorption of impact energy, improving the energy absorption level. Furthermore, it possesses a two-stage energy absorption buffer mechanism and a steel-concrete composite pipe structure with extremely high load-bearing capacity, greatly improving the safety of roadway support.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rockfall protection support for coal mine roadways, and specifically discloses a spiral energy-absorbing component, a support frame including the component, and a construction method thereof. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing depth and expansion of coal mining areas, the frequency and severity of rockburst accidents are becoming increasingly prominent. Existing roadway supports can meet the requirements under quasi-static pressure or small impacts, but often when there is a sudden large impact or some degree of surrounding rock disturbance, the support structure will show local fragility or even overall instability, exhibiting a phenomenon where failure leads to extremely serious consequences. The instability and failure of the support system is mainly due to the poor impact resistance of the support structure and the lack of good yielding, buffering and energy absorption functions.

[0003] To address this issue, various energy-absorbing brackets have been disclosed in the prior art, such as patents CN116792136A, CN117167051A, CN118110549A, and CN120968691A. However, most of these energy-absorbing brackets are designed to be quite complex and are cumbersome to install. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a spiral energy-absorbing component, a support frame including the component, and a construction method.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a spiral energy-absorbing component, comprising a spiral outer shell, an internal support, a central column, a connecting port, and a connecting support; the central column is located at the center of the spiral outer shell, with a connecting port at one end and a closed end at the other; the central column is connected to the inner ring of the spiral outer shell via the connecting support, and the internal support is provided inside the spiral outer shell; the spiral outer shell is formed by rotating a spiral line around a central axis by 360°; the spiral line of the spiral energy-absorbing component consists of two arcs and a straight line, the two arcs being a 270° arc and a 100° arc; one end of the 100° arc is connected to the first end of the 270° arc, and the other end of the 100° arc is located inside the second end of the 270° arc, thus forming a partial overlap, and the second end of the 270° arc is connected to the straight line.

[0006] As a further technical solution, an internal support is provided on the inner wall of the outer shell corresponding to the 270° arc and the 100° arc; each internal support forms a circle around the central axis of the spiral outer shell; the cross-section of each internal support is trapezoidal; the deformation of the spiral energy-absorbing component can be adjusted by designing the base angle of the trapezoid.

[0007] As a further technical solution, the connecting support includes two inclined annular plates, namely a first annular plate and a second annular plate. One end of the first annular plate is connected to the upper side of the central column, and the other end of the first annular plate is connected to the center of the inner ring of the spiral shell. One end of the second annular plate is connected to the lower side of the central column, and the other end of the first annular plate is connected to the center of the inner ring of the spiral shell.

[0008] As a further technical solution, the connection port is provided with threads.

[0009] Secondly, the present invention also provides a support bracket, wherein a plurality of the aforementioned spiral energy-absorbing components are arranged on the outer ring of the support bracket.

[0010] As a further technical solution, it also includes an inverted arch and a crown, which are connected by bolts; the connection port of the spiral energy-absorbing component is connected to the pre-reserved holes in the inverted arch and the crown.

[0011] As a further technical solution, the spiral energy-absorbing component, the inverted arch, and the arch are all made of steel.

[0012] As a further technical solution, the inverted arch, the arch crown, and the central column of the spiral energy-absorbing component are all filled with concrete.

[0013] Thirdly, the present invention provides a construction method for a support frame, as follows: Several spiral energy-absorbing components are fixed on the outer ring of the invert and the crown; the connection ports of each spiral energy-absorbing component are aligned with the pre-set holes on the invert and the crown and fixed together to form an invert and a crown with spiral energy-absorbing components. The inverted arch with spiral energy-absorbing components is connected to the arch top with bolts to form a complete support structure. After the tunnel is excavated, the assembled main structure of the support is moved to the designated support position; concrete is filled into the invert and the arch through the holes, and concrete is also injected into the interior of the columns of all spiral energy-absorbing components; finally, a steel pipe concrete support support is formed.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The spiral energy-absorbing component provided by this invention exhibits low stiffness at the open end of the spiral shell during the initial stage of compression, enabling it to initiate deformation with a small load. This allows the support frame to quickly adapt to small displacements in the surrounding rock. Furthermore, the spiral design of the shell essentially provides a "pre-set track" for the metal shell. The 100° arc segment, utilizing its inner geometric characteristics, induces the shell to curl orderly towards the central axis along the spiral path. During this process, the outer wall of the 100° arc and the inner wall of the 270° arc segment slide relative to each other, absorbing the initial impact energy through interfacial friction and the plastic buckling of the 270° arc. Simultaneously, the inclined connecting column and the inner ring of the shell play a crucial synergistic role. Its double-ring plate structure provides lateral constraint for the curling in the arc region, preventing disorderly structural collapse, and also distributes the load of the central column, absorbing energy through the tensile deformation of the ring plate material. As the degree of curling increases, the spiral shell gradually tightens towards the central axis, and the internal trapezoidal support members on the inner wall sequentially approach and adjust the deformation resistance. Once the internal supports are tightly fitted, the spiral outer shell forms a unified ring that provides strong support, absorbing energy into the second stage. As the pressure further increases, the spiral structure absorbs residual energy through material collapse, while the concrete filling the central column shares the load with the component throughout the entire process. Furthermore, the spiral ring exerts a "stirrup effect" during impact, significantly enhancing the load-bearing capacity of the concrete central column.

[0015] The spiral energy-absorbing component provided by this invention forms a support frame that can partially adapt to the cross-sectional shape through deformation during the initial stage of tunnel excavation. During rockburst, energy is absorbed through the coiling of the spiral region of the component, thus constituting primary support. After the internal support columns are fitted, the impact energy is absorbed through the plastic buckling of the component material and the concrete within the central column, forming secondary support. The internal support provides the main support force for the steel-concrete composite structure. Therefore, this invention can achieve partial absorption of impact energy, improving the energy absorption level. Furthermore, it possesses a two-stage energy absorption buffer mechanism and a steel-concrete composite structure with extremely high load-bearing capacity, greatly improving the safety of tunnel support. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the spiral energy-absorbing component proposed in this invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the spiral energy-absorbing component proposed in this invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the spiral energy-absorbing component proposed in this invention. Figure 3 ; Figure 4 This is a two-dimensional schematic diagram of the spiral energy-absorbing component of the present invention; Figure 5 yes Figure 4 AA section view; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation state of the spiral energy-absorbing component of the present invention on the invert arch; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the installation of the spiral energy-absorbing component of the present invention on the invert arch; The diagram exaggerates the spacing or dimensions between parts to show their positions; the diagram is for illustrative purposes only.

[0018] 1. Spiral energy-absorbing component; 2. Inverted arch; 3. Arch top; 11. Screw-shaped outer shell; 12. Internal support; 13. Central column; 14. Connection port; 15. Connecting support; 111. A 270° arc; 112. A 100° arc; 113. A straight line; 23. Holes; Detailed Implementation It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0019] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, unless otherwise expressly indicated by the invention, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof. For ease of description, the words "up," "down," "left," and "right" appearing in this invention only indicate that they are consistent with the up, down, left, and right directions of the accompanying drawings themselves. They do not limit the structure and are merely for the purpose of facilitating the description of this invention and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0020] As described in the background section, the existing technology has shortcomings. To address the above-mentioned technical problems, this invention proposes a spiral energy-absorbing component and a support bracket including the component. The spiral energy-absorbing component comprises a spiral outer shell, an internal support, a central column, a connecting port, and a connecting support. The central column is located at the center of the spiral outer shell, with a connecting port at one end and a closed end. The central column is connected to the inner ring of the spiral outer shell via the connecting support, and the internal support is located inside the spiral outer shell. The spiral outer shell is formed by rotating a spiral line 360° around a central axis. The spiral line of the spiral energy-absorbing component consists of two arcs and a straight line, with the two arcs being a 270° arc and a 100° arc. One end of the 100° arc connects to the 270° arc... The first end is connected, and the other end of the 100° arc is located inside the second end of the 270° arc, forming a partial overlap at that end. The second end of the 270° arc is connected to the straight line. This spiral energy-absorbing component can be applied to fields such as anti-impact support in coal mine roadways. In the initial stage of roadway excavation support, the spiral energy-absorbing component can partially deform to adapt to the cross-sectional shape. During rockburst, the spiral energy-absorbing component absorbs energy through the curling of the spiral region, thus forming the first-level support. After the spiral internal support column is fitted, the impact energy is absorbed through the plastic buckling of the component material and the concrete in the central column, forming the second-level support. The internal support provides the main support force for the steel-concrete composite pipe. Therefore, this invention can achieve partial absorption of impact energy and improve the energy absorption level. It also has a two-stage energy absorption buffer mechanism and a steel-concrete composite pipe structure with extremely high load-bearing capacity, greatly improving the safety of roadway support.

[0021] Example 1 In a typical embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment provides a spiral energy-absorbing assembly 1, which includes a spiral outer shell 11, an internal support 12, a central column 13, a connection port 14, and a connection support 15; The central column 13 is located at the center of the spiral shell 11. One end of the central column 13 is provided with a connecting port 14 as an open end, and the other end is closed. The closed end is flush with the top of the spiral shell 11, forming a support plane. The outer side of the central column 13 is connected to the inner ring of the spiral shell 11 through the connecting support 15, so that the central column 13 and the spiral shell 11 are connected to form a whole. The spiral shell 11 is provided with an internal support 12. The purpose of making one end of the central column 13 an open end is mainly for later injection of concrete to provide a certain support force.

[0022] In this embodiment, the spiral outer shell 11 of the spiral energy-absorbing component is formed by rotating a spiral line 360° around a central axis. The spiral line of the spiral outer shell 11 consists of two arcs and a straight line 113. The two arcs are a 270° arc 111 and a 100° arc 112. One end of the 100° arc 112 is connected to the first end of the 270° arc 111, and the other end of the 100° arc 112 is located inside the second end of the 270° arc 111, and partially overlaps at that end. The other end of the 270° arc 111 is connected to the straight line 113. In the initial stage of compression, the open end of the spiral shell has low stiffness, enabling it to initiate deformation with a small load. This allows the support components to quickly adapt to small displacements of the surrounding rock. The spiral design essentially provides a "pre-set track" for the metal shell. The 100° arc 112 segment, utilizing its inner geometry, induces the shell to curl orderly towards the central axis along the spiral path. During this process, the outer wall of the 100° arc 112 and the inner wall of the 270° arc 111 segment slide relative to each other, absorbing the initial impact energy through interfacial friction and the plastic buckling of the 270° arc 111. Simultaneously, the inclined connecting column and the connecting support 15 of the inner ring of the shell play a crucial synergistic role. Its double-ring plate structure provides lateral restraint for the curling in the arc region, preventing disorderly structural collapse, and also distributes the load of the central column 13, absorbing energy through the tensile deformation of the ring plate material. As the degree of curling increases, the spiral shell gradually tightens towards the central axis, and the trapezoidal supports of the inner wall 12 sequentially approach and adjust the deformation resistance. Once the internal support 12 is tightly fitted, the integral ring formed by the spiral outer shell provides strong support and absorbs energy into the second stage. As the pressure further increases, the spiral absorbs residual energy through material collapse, while the concrete filling the central column 13 can share the load with the component throughout the entire process. Moreover, the spiral ring exerts a "stirrup effect" during impact, significantly enhancing the load-bearing capacity of the concrete central column.

[0023] Furthermore, an internal support 12 is provided on the inner wall of the outer shell corresponding to the 270° arc 111 and the 100° arc 112; each internal support 12 forms a circle around the central axis of the spiral outer shell 11; the cross-section of each internal support 12 is trapezoidal; the deformation of the spiral energy absorption component can be adjusted by designing the base angle of the trapezoid.

[0024] Furthermore, the connecting support 15 can help the curved area of ​​the internal spiral shell 11 curl up and provide a certain support force; Furthermore, the aforementioned connecting support 15 includes two inclined annular plates, namely a first annular plate and a second annular plate. One end of the first annular plate is connected to the upper side of the central column 13, and the other end of the first annular plate is connected to the center of the inner ring of the spiral shell 11. One end of the second annular plate is connected to the lower side of the central column 13, and the other end of the first annular plate is connected to the center of the inner ring of the spiral shell 11. Furthermore, the aforementioned connection port 14 is mainly used for connecting with other components to realize the application of the spiral energy absorption assembly.

[0025] Furthermore, the aforementioned spiral outer shell 11, internal support 12, central column 13, connecting port 14, and connecting support 15 are all made of Q235 steel.

[0026] Furthermore, the aforementioned connection port 14 is provided with threads, and the connection port 14 is connected to the hole 23 of the support bracket through the threads, which facilitates quick installation and disassembly.

[0027] The specific energy absorption principle of the aforementioned spiral energy absorption component is as follows: Level 1 support: spiral geometry and initial adaptation In the initial stage of impact loading, energy absorption mainly relies on the geometric changes of the spiral shell 11. The spiral shell can generate moderate pre-deformation to closely adhere to the irregular surrounding rock cross-section, ensuring uniform distribution of support force. The spiral line consists of 270° arcs, 100° arcs, and straight lines, with partial overlap at the ends. When subjected to external compressive loads, the arc-shaped area of ​​the shell curls inward under the guidance of the connecting support 15. The trapezoidal internal support 12, located on the inner wall, adjusts the deformation resistance through its base corner design. As the curling deepens, the trapezoidal supports approach each other and eventually fit together, a process that converts impact kinetic energy into the plastic deformation energy of the metal shell.

[0028] Second-level support: high load-bearing capacity and composite energy dissipation Once the spiral region is fully compacted and the internal support columns are in close contact with each other, the component enters the high-rigidity secondary support stage. At this point, the load acts directly on the compacted overall structure, absorbing the residual large-scale impact energy through the overall plastic buckling of the support components. The interior of the central column 13 is filled with concrete. Under extremely high loads, the central column 13 exerts radial restraint on the internal concrete, causing the concrete to be compacted and crushed under triaxial stress, thereby absorbing extremely high energy.

[0029] Example 2 Based on the spiral energy-absorbing component disclosed in Embodiment 1, this embodiment also provides a support bracket, which includes the spiral energy-absorbing component 1 described in Embodiment 1. Since the support bracket incorporates the spiral energy-absorbing component as described above, it also possesses all the advantages described above.

[0030] Specifically, the support frame is used in the field of coal mine roadway support, including a spiral energy-absorbing component 1, an inverted arch 2, and an arch 3; the inverted arch 2 and the arch 3 are connected by bolts to form the main body of the support frame. The spiral energy-absorbing component 1 is connected to the pre-reserved holes 23 in the inverted arch 2 and the arch 3; the cross-sectional shape of the inverted arch 2 and the arch 3 is an arc shape; several spiral energy-absorbing components 1 are fixed on the outer ring of the inverted arch 2 and the arch 3; the connection ports 14 of the several spiral energy-absorbing components 1 are aligned with the pre-reserved holes 23 on the inverted arch 2 and the arch 3, and then connected together.

[0031] The spiral energy-absorbing component 1, the inverted arch 2, and the arch 3 are all made of steel, such as Q235 steel. The inverted arch 2, the arch 3, and the central column 13 of the spiral energy-absorbing component 1 are all filled with concrete.

[0032] Example 3 This embodiment proposes a construction method based on the support frame disclosed in Embodiment 2. The specific construction method is as follows: Several spiral energy-absorbing components 1 are fixed on the outer ring of the invert arch 2 and the arch 3; the connection port 14 of each spiral energy-absorbing component 1 is aligned with the pre-set hole 23 on the invert arch and the arch and fixed together to form a main support with an energy-absorbing layer, namely the invert arch 2 and the arch 3 with spiral energy-absorbing components 1. The inverted arch 2 with the spiral energy-absorbing component 1 is connected to the arch 3 by bolts to form a complete support structure. After the tunnel is excavated, the assembled main structure of the support is moved to the designated support position; concrete is filled into the invert 2 and the crown 3 through one or more holes 23, and concrete is also injected into the interior of the columns 13 of other spiral energy-absorbing components. Finally, concrete is injected into the central column of the spiral energy-absorbing component at the filling port and connected to the main body, ultimately forming a high-load-bearing steel-concrete composite support system.

[0033] In the initial stage of tunnel excavation and support, the spiral energy-absorbing components can partially deform to adapt to the cross-sectional shape. During rockburst, the spiral energy-absorbing components absorb energy through the curling of the spiral region, thus constituting the primary support. After the internal support columns of the spiral are fitted, the impact energy is absorbed through the plastic buckling of the component material and the concrete within the central column, forming the secondary support. The internal support provides the main support force for the steel-concrete composite structure. Therefore, this invention can achieve partial absorption of impact energy, improving the energy absorption level. Furthermore, it possesses a two-stage energy absorption buffer mechanism and a steel-concrete composite structure with extremely high load-bearing capacity, greatly improving the safety of tunnel support.

[0034] Finally, it should be noted that relational terms such as first and second are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations.

[0035] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A spiral energy-absorbing component, characterized in that, The assembly includes a spiral outer shell, internal support, central column, connecting port, and connecting support. The central column is located at the center of the spiral outer shell, with a connecting port at one end and a closed end, and the middle part is filled with concrete. The central column is connected to the inner ring of the spiral outer shell through the connecting support, and the internal support is located inside the spiral outer shell. The spiral outer shell is formed by rotating a spiral line around a central axis by 360°. The spiral line of the spiral energy-absorbing component consists of two arcs and a straight line. The two arcs are a 270° arc and a 100° arc. One end of the 100° arc is connected to the first end of the 270° arc, and the other end of the 100° arc is located inside the second end of the 270° arc, thus forming a partial overlap. The second end of the 270° arc is connected to the straight line. An internal support is provided on the inner wall of the shell corresponding to the 270° arc and the 100° arc; each internal support forms a circle around the central axis of the spiral shell; the cross-section of each internal support is trapezoidal; as the degree of curling increases, the spiral shell gradually closes to the central axis, and the trapezoidal support members of the inner wall will move closer to each other and adjust the deformation resistance.

2. The helical energy absorbing assembly of claim 1, wherein, The connecting support includes two inclined annular plates, namely a first annular plate and a second annular plate. One end of the first annular plate is connected to the upper side of the central column, and the other end of the first annular plate is connected to the center of the inner ring of the spiral shell. One end of the second annular plate is connected to the lower side of the central column, and the other end of the first annular plate is connected to the center of the inner ring of the spiral shell.

3. The helical energy absorbing assembly of claim 1 wherein, The connection port is threaded.

4. A support bracket, characterized by A plurality of spiral energy-absorbing components as described in any one of claims 1-3 are provided on the outer ring of the support frame.

5. The support bracket of claim 4, wherein It also includes an inverted arch and a crown, which are connected by bolts; the connection port of the spiral energy-absorbing component is connected to the pre-reserved holes in the inverted arch and the crown.

6. The support bracket of claim 5, wherein The spiral energy-absorbing components, inverted arch, and arch are all made of steel.

7. The support bracket of claim 6, wherein The inverted arch, the arch crown, and the central column of the spiral energy-absorbing component are all filled with concrete.

8. A method of constructing a support frame as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein, as follows: Several spiral energy-absorbing components are fixed on the outer ring of the invert and the crown; the connection ports of each spiral energy-absorbing component are aligned with the pre-set holes on the invert and the crown and fixed together to form an invert and a crown with spiral energy-absorbing components. The inverted arch with spiral energy-absorbing components is connected to the arch top with bolts to form a complete support structure. After the tunnel is excavated, the assembled main support structure is moved to the designated support position; concrete is filled into the invert and crown through the holes, and concrete is also injected into the interior of the columns of all spiral energy-absorbing components. The final structure is a steel-concrete composite support frame.

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