An inter-basin canal ecological sensitive area influence evaluation system and method

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of water environment protection technology, and specifically discloses a system and method for assessing the impact of cross-basin canals on ecologically sensitive areas. By establishing a water body fingerprint feature database and inverting the mixed water bodies at cross-sections of ecologically sensitive areas, this invention can obtain dynamic time series of the volume proportions of various water sources. This provides the ability to clearly define the contribution ratio of different water sources in sensitive areas, laying a data foundation for implementing management measures targeting specific water sources. Furthermore, by constructing a source-sink directed network and coupling it with hydrodynamic processes, this invention can quantify the contribution of various water sources to ecologically sensitive areas via different spatial paths, making it possible to identify key impact paths. This supports the transformation of management measures from extensive regional control to precise path regulation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water environment protection technology, and in particular to a system and method for assessing the impact of cross-basin canals on ecologically sensitive areas. Background Technology

[0002] Existing assessment methods typically treat mixed water bodies entering ecologically sensitive areas as a whole for analysis, focusing only on whether the overall water quality at a cross-section meets standards. This approach cannot quantitatively analyze the specific contribution ratios of different sources in the mixed water body, such as inter-basin water transfers, natural water inflows from the same basin, and secondary water from engineering projects. This leads to unclear accountability for ecological impacts and makes it difficult to formulate precise management measures for specific water sources.

[0003] Existing assessments are mostly based on total volume calculations at the administrative unit or as a whole river section, failing to combine hydrodynamic processes with spatial topology, and thus failing to depict the specific transport paths of different water sources from their sources to ecologically sensitive areas. Consequently, they cannot identify the key pollution transmission channels that have the greatest impact on sensitive areas.

[0004] Furthermore, existing methods often rely on single water quality indicators (such as pollutant concentration) or general descriptions of ecological status, failing to integrate multiple dimensions such as water source contribution, pollution load transported via pathways, actual response of ecosystems, and the vulnerability of sensitive areas into a comprehensive and comparable quantitative index. This makes it difficult to scientifically determine the relative severity of the impacts of different water sources and different transmission pathways.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an impact assessment system and method for cross-basin canals in ecologically sensitive areas, which can provide quantifiable and traceable technical support for optimizing water diversion project operation, controlling total pollutant discharge, and accurately protecting ecologically sensitive areas. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the problems of lack of detailed source tracing and inaccurate assessment results due to reliance on a single indicator in existing impact assessments of ecologically sensitive areas of canals, this invention provides a cross-basin impact assessment system and method for ecologically sensitive areas of canals.

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for assessing the impact of cross-basin canals on ecologically sensitive areas, including:

[0008] A water body fingerprint feature database is constructed based on a unified spatial coordinate system and a unified time base; the water body fingerprint feature database is used to distinguish different types of water sources; In the control section of the ecologically sensitive area, the fingerprint features of mixed water bodies are obtained. Based on the water body fingerprint feature library, multi-terminal hybrid inversion is performed to obtain the time series of water source volume proportion of various water sources in the control section. Based on the spatial topology and hydrodynamic processes of the canal and its connected water bodies, a source-sink directed network is constructed, and the transmission paths from various water sources to the ecologically sensitive areas are enumerated. Based on the time series of water source volume proportion and path flux, the water source contribution coefficient matrix is ​​calculated, and the path pollution load, ecological response index deviation and ecological sensitivity coefficient are integrated to calculate the path-level water source ecological impact comprehensive index of each water source along each transmission path on the ecologically sensitive area.

[0009] According to one specific implementation, the method described above, in which the water fingerprint feature database is constructed, includes: In a unified spatial coordinate system, the locations where various water sources enter the canal or have hydraulic connections with ecologically sensitive areas are marked as source nodes; For each type of water source, a fingerprint feature vector is generated by statistically analyzing the typical characteristics of one or more fingerprint parameters of each type of water source based on a unified time base. Under the preset statistical period and representative hydrological conditions, a water body fingerprint feature database is obtained by combining the fingerprint feature vectors of various water sources, indexed by water source type, time period and hydrological conditions. The fingerprint parameters include conductivity, temperature, dissolved ion concentration, stable isotopes, and characteristic trace elements.

[0010] According to one specific implementation, the multi-terminal hybrid inversion in the above method includes: A linear mixing relationship is established between the measured fingerprint feature vector of the mixed water body at a given time and the end-member fingerprint feature vectors of various water sources extracted from the water body fingerprint feature database. Under the conditions of introducing non-negativity constraints and volume distribution constraints, solve for the volume proportion of each type of water source at this moment.

[0011] According to a specific implementation, in the above method, when flow monitoring conditions are available, the multi-terminal hybrid inversion also combines the flow records of the hybrid section and the source node, and introduces water balance constraints for solution.

[0012] According to a specific implementation method, calculating the comprehensive ecological impact index of the path-level water source in the above method specifically includes: Based on the water source contribution coefficient matrix within the preset evaluation period, the path contribution coefficient is determined. The load impact coefficient is determined based on the ratio of the target pollutant load transported along the corresponding transmission path to the reference load during the preset evaluation period. The ecological response coefficient is determined based on the degree of deviation of the ecological response index from the baseline state during the preset evaluation period. Obtain the ecological sensitivity coefficient of the target ecologically sensitive area; The comprehensive index of ecological impact of water sources at the path level is obtained by integrating the path contribution coefficient, load impact coefficient, ecological response coefficient, and ecological sensitivity coefficient.

[0013] According to one specific implementation method, the ecological sensitivity coefficient is assigned a value based on the type of sensitive area, the presence of endangered or critically endangered species, historical pollution events, and ecosystem vulnerability.

[0014] According to one specific implementation, the method further includes: Multiple scheduling scenarios were set up, and the comprehensive index of path-level water source ecological impact was recalculated under each scheduling scenario. The adjustable range of each transmission path under the preset rigid constraints is analyzed, as well as the unit comprehensive cost of implementing the control. Based on the comprehensive index of ecological impact of water sources at the path level, the adjustable range, and the comprehensive cost of unit regulation, calculate the comprehensive index of regulation priority for each transmission path, and rank the regulation priorities according to the comprehensive index of regulation priority. The adjustable range is the maximum relative proportion of the reduction in water flow or pollution load along the transmission path under the rigid constraints of water supply security, ecological base flow, emission standards and minimum operating load.

[0015] According to a specific implementation method, the unit control comprehensive cost in the above method includes direct operating input, engineering facility input, and system risk and flexibility input.

[0016] According to one specific implementation method, the formula for calculating the comprehensive index of regulation priority in the above method is as follows:

[0017] in, Water source type Along the transmission path The comprehensive index of regulatory priorities This is a comprehensive index of the ecological impact of water sources at the path level. For adjustable range, To adjust the overall cost per unit of this transmission path, It is a positive number.

[0018] Secondly, this invention provides an impact assessment system for ecologically sensitive areas of inter-basin canals, the system comprising: The water source fingerprint feature database construction module is used to construct a water body fingerprint feature database under a unified spatiotemporal benchmark; the water body fingerprint feature database is used to distinguish different water source types. The mixed water source inversion module is used to perform source analysis on the mixed water bodies at the control section of the ecologically sensitive area based on the water body fingerprint feature database, and obtain the time series of the volume proportion of each water source type at the control section. The source-sink impact path assessment module is used to construct a source-sink directed network based on the spatial topology and hydrodynamic processes of the canal and connected water bodies, enumerate the transmission paths from various water sources to the ecologically sensitive area, and calculate the water source contribution coefficient matrix based on the water source volume proportion time series and path flux. It also integrates path pollution load, ecological response index deviation, and ecological sensitivity coefficient to calculate the path-level water source ecological impact comprehensive index of each water source along each transmission path on the ecologically sensitive area.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention establishes a water body fingerprint feature database and inverts the mixed water bodies in ecologically sensitive areas to obtain dynamic time series of the volume proportions of various water sources. This provides the ability to clearly define the contribution ratio of different water sources in sensitive areas, laying a data foundation for implementing management measures targeting specific water sources. Furthermore, by constructing a source-sink directed network and coupling it with hydrodynamic processes, this invention can quantify the contribution of various water sources to ecologically sensitive areas via different spatial paths, making it possible to identify key impact paths. This supports the transformation of management measures from extensive regional control to precise path regulation. Additionally, by integrating water source contribution coefficients, path pollution loads, ecological response deviations, and ecological sensitivity, this invention calculates a path-level water source ecological impact comprehensive index, achieving a standardized and comprehensive measurement of ecological impact. This index can be used to objectively compare the impact of different water sources and different transmission paths, providing a scientific basis for identifying priority control targets. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating an impact assessment method for ecologically sensitive areas of a cross-basin canal, provided as an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating the calculation of the comprehensive index of path-level water source ecological impact provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating an ecologically sensitive area impact assessment method provided in another embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments. However, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention to the following embodiments; all technologies implemented based on the content of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0022] Unless otherwise specified, in the description of specific embodiments of the present invention, "several", "more than", or "a number of" represent at least two. The number can be any number, such as two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or nine, and can even exceed nine.

[0023] With the uneven spatial and temporal distribution of regional water resources and the rigid increase in water demand, more and more regions are relying on inter-basin water transfer projects to maintain urban water supply, safe supply, and ecological water replenishment. Inter-basin canals often pass through ecologically sensitive areas such as drinking water sources, important wetlands, and nature reserves. These areas are highly sensitive to changes in water volume, water quality, and hydraulic conditions. If the superposition of external water transfer, natural water inflow from the basin, and secondary water from the project is inappropriate, it can easily lead to ecological risks such as eutrophication, algal blooms, and habitat degradation.

[0024] Existing ecological impact assessments of inter-basin water transfers often employ methods such as single-section water quality compliance rates, total pollutant control, or typical operating scenario simulations to assess the macroscopic impact of project operation on downstream ecological conditions. These methods typically treat water from different sources as a whole, lacking the ability to finely trace sources based on water fingerprints. They struggle to answer which water sources, along which transmission paths, and at what time periods have a major adverse impact on specific ecologically sensitive areas. Furthermore, they only conduct total quantity accounting at the administrative unit or river section scale, lacking source-sink relationship modeling coupled with hydrodynamic processes. This makes it difficult to characterize the dynamic contribution pattern of inter-basin water transfers, local natural water inflows, and secondary water from engineering projects to sensitive areas under a unified time base.

[0025] At the management decision-making level, existing assessment technologies mostly remain at the level of providing scenario comparisons of several alternative scheduling or emission reduction schemes. They lack a control priority assessment framework that quantifies the intensity, controllability, and comprehensive costs of path-level ecological impacts, making it difficult to support the refined governance prioritization of specific source and sink paths and the optimized allocation of phased implementation paths.

[0026] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a cross-basin canal ecological sensitive area impact assessment system and method that takes into account the fingerprint characteristics of multiple water bodies, source-sink directed networks, water source contribution coefficient matrix and path-level comprehensive index of water source ecological impact under a unified spatiotemporal reference, so as to provide quantifiable and traceable technical support for water diversion project operation optimization, total pollutant discharge control and precise protection of ecological sensitive areas.

[0027] Please refer to Figure 1 This document illustrates a flowchart of an impact assessment method for ecologically sensitive areas of inter-basin canals provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The method includes: Step 1: Construct a water body fingerprint feature database based on a unified spatial coordinate system and a unified time base; Step 2: Obtain the mixed water body fingerprint features at the control section of the ecologically sensitive area, and perform multi-terminal hybrid inversion based on the water body fingerprint feature library to obtain the time series of water source volume proportion of various water sources in the control section; Step 3: Based on the spatial topology and hydrodynamic processes of the canal and its connected water bodies, construct a source-sink directed network and enumerate the transmission paths from various water sources to the ecologically sensitive areas; Step 4: Based on the time series of water source volume proportion and path flux, calculate the water source contribution coefficient matrix, and integrate the path pollution load, ecological response index deviation and ecological sensitivity coefficient to calculate the path-level water source ecological impact comprehensive index of each water source along each transmission path on the ecologically sensitive area.

[0028] The water fingerprint feature database is used to distinguish different types of water sources.

[0029] Specifically, in this embodiment of the invention, step 1 aims to systematically identify various water sources in the inter-basin canal that may affect ecologically sensitive areas, and establish corresponding monitoring foundations and water body fingerprint feature databases, so as to provide reliable data support for subsequent decomposition of mixed water sources, modeling of source-sink relationships, and path-level analysis of the ecological impact of water sources.

[0030] In one possible implementation, constructing a water fingerprint feature database includes: Step 101: Mark the locations where various water sources enter the canal or have hydraulic connections with ecologically sensitive areas in a unified spatial coordinate system as source nodes; Step 102: For each type of water source, based on a unified time base, statistically analyze the typical features of one or more fingerprint parameters of each type of water source to generate a fingerprint feature vector; Step 103: Under the preset statistical period and representative hydrological conditions, combine the fingerprint feature vectors of various water sources to obtain a water body fingerprint feature database indexed by water source type, time period and hydrological conditions.

[0031] Specifically, the above steps first combine the overall planning data of the inter-basin water transfer project, the canal project layout map, and the distribution of the basin's water system to organize the main water sources within the study area, and classify the water sources that have hydraulic connections with ecologically sensitive areas into three categories, including: One type is inter-basin water transfer, which mainly refers to water from external water sources introduced into the canal through water transfer projects; One category is natural water inflow from the basin, including runoff from local rivers, tributaries, and related lakes and depressions into the canal; One category is engineering secondary water, which typically includes water bodies with engineering regulation characteristics such as wastewater reuse from urban sewage treatment plants along the route, industrial cooling drainage, and irrigation runoff.

[0032] After completing the above division, the locations where various types of water enter the canal main line or have hydraulic connections with ecologically sensitive areas are marked under a unified spatial coordinate system. Key locations such as inter-basin diversion inlets, tributary confluence inlets of the basin, secondary water discharge outlets of major projects, and upstream control sections of various ecologically sensitive areas are identified. These locations are regarded as source nodes and important control sections in the subsequent source-sink relationship model, so that subsequent steps have clear spatial references.

[0033] After identifying the key source nodes and control sections, this embodiment of the invention performs monitoring at the aforementioned source nodes to construct a basic monitoring network for different water source types.

[0034] When setting up monitoring systems, priority should be given to locations with stable water flow and relatively regular cross-sectional conditions in order to obtain more representative observation data.

[0035] Specifically, in addition to conventional hydrological elements such as flow rate and water level, the monitoring content also includes water quality parameters that can be continuously recorded online, such as conductivity, temperature, pH value, typical dissolved ion concentration, and nutrient index. When conditions permit, manual sampling can also be arranged in this embodiment of the invention to measure physicochemical indicators that are difficult to monitor in real time but can effectively distinguish the source of water bodies, such as stable isotopes and characteristic trace elements, which are the fingerprint parameters mentioned above.

[0036] All the above-mentioned observation data are processed uniformly after collection. First, they undergo basic quality checks, such as verifying the status of monitoring equipment, measurement range, and data fluctuations, and eliminating outliers that deviate significantly from the norm. For omissions and shortages in the observation data, reasonable supplementation can be carried out by means of interpolation, short window averaging, or collaborative repair of adjacent sections, taking into full account the hydrological background and upstream and downstream cross-section conditions.

[0037] After data cleaning, the time series of different monitoring stations are resampled and synchronized with a unified time base to ensure that the observation records of each source node can correspond in time at any given moment. At the same time, the monitoring locations are marked according to a unified spatial coordinate system so that these data can be directly called under the same coordinate framework when performing mixed water body analysis and source-sink relationship modeling.

[0038] Based on the aforementioned source monitoring data, this embodiment of the invention further includes constructing a water fingerprint feature database through statistical analysis.

[0039] Specifically, under a preset statistical period and representative hydrological conditions, fingerprint parameters such as conductivity, temperature, concentration of major dissolved ions, and selected isotopes or trace elements for each type of water source are compiled to examine the stability of these parameters within the same water source and their distinguishability between different water sources.

[0040] For indicators that exhibit significant seasonal variations or are greatly affected by scheduling conditions, statistical analysis can be conducted in segments according to preset statistical periods such as high-water season, normal-water season, low-water season, or different scheduling methods. This allows each type of water source to be described by a relatively stable set of fingerprint feature vectors within a specific period.

[0041] After summarizing the typical values, fluctuation ranges, and uncertainties of each fingerprint parameter, a water body fingerprint feature database is formed, indexed by water source type, time period, and hydrological situation.

[0042] Furthermore, in one possible implementation, the multi-terminal hybrid inversion in step 2 includes: Step 201: Establish a linear mixing relationship between the measured fingerprint feature vector of the mixed water body at a given time and the end-member fingerprint feature vectors of various water sources extracted from the water body fingerprint feature database; Step 202: Under the conditions of introducing non-negativity constraints and volume distribution constraints, solve for the volume proportion of each type of water source at this moment.

[0043] In one or more embodiments, when flow monitoring conditions are available, the multi-terminal hybrid inversion further includes combining the flow records of the hybrid section and the source node, and introducing water balance constraints for solving.

[0044] Specifically, in this embodiment of the invention, step 2 focuses on acquiring observational information of mixed water bodies at the scale of ecologically sensitive areas, and using the water body fingerprint feature database formed in step 1, performs multi-endpoint mixing inversion on the source composition of the mixed water bodies, ultimately obtaining the time series of water source volume proportions of inter-basin transferred water, natural water inflow from the local basin, and secondary water from engineering projects at each ecologically sensitive area control section. The output of the above steps will directly serve as the basic data for subsequent source-sink relationship modeling and path-level comprehensive analysis of the ecological impact of water sources.

[0045] In practice, based on the geometry, water flow direction and hydrodynamic conditions of the ecologically sensitive area, one or more cross sections are selected at the upstream inlet of each target sensitive area and at locations where the water flow conditions are relatively stable within the area, as monitoring sections for mixed water bodies.

[0046] Specifically, online monitoring equipment can be installed on the aforementioned cross-sections to record conventional water quality parameters such as water level, flow rate, conductivity, temperature, pH value, typical dissolved ion concentration, and nutrient index. Where conditions permit, manual sampling and testing can be carried out at a predetermined frequency to supplement the determination of indicators that are difficult to obtain online but have a strong ability to distinguish water sources, such as stable isotopes and characteristic trace elements corresponding to the water body fingerprint feature database.

[0047] All monitoring data undergoes a unified process of equipment status check, range rationality assessment, and simple statistical verification after collection. Outliers that clearly do not conform to physical laws are removed. For individual time periods of missing data due to short-term power outages, equipment maintenance, or communication failures, this embodiment of the invention, based on an understanding of upstream and downstream cross-sectional changes and the current hydrological situation, can employ interpolation, short-window smoothing, or collaborative repair methods based on adjacent cross-sections to fill the gaps, thus avoiding the artificial introduction of abrupt changes.

[0048] After quality control, the time series of each monitoring section of the mixed water body is resampled using a unified time base to ensure that it corresponds one-to-one with the data of the source monitoring unit in step 1 in time; at the same time, the coordinate information of each section is recorded under a unified spatial reference system to ensure that the spatial relationship with the source node, river section and sensitive area boundary can be directly called in the future.

[0049] After obtaining the mixed water fingerprint feature time series that meets the quality requirements and aligning it with the water fingerprint feature database, this invention uses a multi-terminal hybrid inversion method to quantitatively decompose the source of mixed water at the control section of each ecologically sensitive area.

[0050] For ease of explanation, the mixed water fingerprint of a certain sensitive area control section at time t can be represented as a vector. This vector consists of several components, including conductivity, temperature, typical dissolved ion concentration, and selected isotope or trace element concentration. The typical fingerprint features of various water sources, calibrated for different time periods and hydrological conditions in the water fingerprint feature database established in step 1, are represented as endmember vectors. .

[0051] During inversion calculations, endmember vectors The methods for obtaining it are as follows: Based on the time period to which the current time t belongs and the current hydrological situation and operating conditions, the corresponding typical fingerprint feature vector is retrieved from the water fingerprint feature database. If time t is in the transition period between two typical time periods or operating conditions in the feature database, then linear interpolation is used to interpolate adjacent typical fingerprint feature vectors according to time weights or operating condition parameters to obtain... .

[0052] Where 'i' is used to distinguish different water source types, such as inter-basin water transfer, natural water from within the basin, and secondary water from engineering projects; the volume percentage of each water source to be solved is denoted as... .

[0053] Under the premise that the mixing relationship can be approximated as a linear superposition, the mixed water fingerprint and the endmember fingerprint satisfy the following approximate relationship:

[0054] in, This refers to the fingerprint feature vector obtained from actual measurements at the monitoring section of the mixed water body. The endmember fingerprint feature vector of the i-th type of water source is obtained by selecting or interpolating from the water fingerprint feature database according to time period and operating conditions. The unknown volume percentage parameter that needs to be solved in this invention represents the volume fraction of the i-th type of water source in the mixed water body at time t.

[0055] To ensure the inversion results have practical significance, this invention addresses the issue of solving... When introducing nonnegativity constraints and volume distribution constraints, that is, each It is not less than zero, and the sum of the volume proportions of each water source is close to 1 within a given tolerance range.

[0056] In embodiments with flow monitoring capabilities, the present invention can also combine flow records from the mixing section and source nodes to introduce water balance constraints, so that the volume contribution of each water source within a given time step matches the overall flow of water through the mixing section, thereby reducing the deviation between the inversion results and the actual water flow process.

[0057] Considering the seasonal fluctuations and measurement errors inherent in water fingerprint features, this embodiment of the invention can employ weighted least squares or optimization methods with regularization terms in the multi-terminal component hybrid inversion process to assign weights to different fingerprint components that match their stability and discriminative ability, thereby improving the stability of the solution process.

[0058] In areas with abundant historical data, several samples of mixed water body fingerprint features and known water sources can be selected. A supervised learning model can be pre-trained to establish an approximate mapping relationship from fingerprint vectors to volume proportions. This mapping output can then be used as the basis for online inversion. The initial estimate is then combined with the above-mentioned constrained hybrid equations for a corrected solution, in order to balance computational efficiency and physical constraints.

[0059] Furthermore, by continuously executing the above inversion process throughout the entire evaluation period, the time series of water source volume proportions at each ecologically sensitive area control section under a unified time base can be obtained, namely, the corresponding values ​​of inter-basin water transfer, local natural water inflow, and secondary water from engineering projects at each time point. sequence.

[0060] In embodiments where source pollution load analysis is required, the present invention can also combine source pollutant concentration or load information, multiply the volume percentage by the mass concentration, and further calculate the time series of source pollution loads introduced by different water source types at the control section of the sensitive area.

[0061] The above-mentioned water source volume proportion and source load results will be used in step 3 to construct the water source contribution coefficient matrix A(t) and calculate the path-level comprehensive index of water source ecological impact. Direct input ensures consistency in data structure and terminology across all steps.

[0062] Furthermore, in this embodiment of the invention, step 3 is mainly used to analyze in detail the source and destination of the water source, and after obtaining accurate data, to give quantitative results on the impact of each transmission path on the ecologically sensitive area.

[0063] The aforementioned steps have yielded the time series of water source volume proportions at the control sections of each ecologically sensitive area, including inter-basin diversion water, natural water from the basin, and secondary water from engineering projects. Meanwhile, the hydrodynamic model has also provided the flow direction, flow rate, and water residence time of the canal main line, tributaries, and related water bodies under a unified time base.

[0064] Specifically, in this embodiment of the invention, based on the layout map of the inter-basin water transfer project, the structure of the river network and the location of the main drainage outlets, water inlets and control sections of each ecologically sensitive area along the route, the inter-basin canal and its connected water bodies are abstracted into a directed network composed of nodes and connected edges under a unified spatial coordinate system.

[0065] It should be noted that source nodes are used to represent different types of inflow locations, such as inter-basin diversion inlets, inlets of major tributaries in the basin, and secondary water discharge outlets of engineering projects; sink nodes correspond to control sections of each ecologically sensitive area or representative locations within the area; the two are connected by connecting edges, which are used to represent river or channel sections with a clear flow direction and flux under certain hydraulic conditions.

[0066] By combining the hydrodynamic simulation results, at each time step, it is possible to determine along which connecting edges the incoming water from different source nodes propagates downstream, to which sensitive control sections it reaches, as well as the approximate time delay and flow rate during propagation. This allows for the enumeration of multiple source and sink paths from various water sources to various ecologically sensitive areas.

[0067] It should be noted that, in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, enumeration refers to listing one by one, used to list all objects in a certain finite sequence set.

[0068] Furthermore, the calculation of the comprehensive ecological impact index of the path-level water source in step 4 above specifically includes: Step 401: Determine the path contribution coefficient based on the water source contribution coefficient matrix within the preset evaluation period; Step 402: Determine the load impact coefficient based on the ratio of the target pollutant load transported along the corresponding transmission path to the reference load within the preset evaluation period; Step 403: Determine the ecological response coefficient based on the degree of deviation of the ecological response indicators from the baseline state during the preset evaluation period; Step 404: Obtain the ecological sensitivity coefficient of the target ecologically sensitive area; Step 405: Based on the path contribution coefficient, load impact coefficient, ecological response coefficient and ecological sensitivity coefficient, a comprehensive index of path-level water source ecological impact is obtained by fusion calculation.

[0069] The ecological sensitivity coefficient is assigned a value based on the type of sensitive area, the presence of endangered or critically endangered species, historical pollution events, and ecosystem vulnerability.

[0070] For details, please refer to Figure 2 This diagram illustrates the flowchart for calculating the comprehensive index of water source ecological impact at the path level, provided by an embodiment of the present invention. After obtaining the source-sink directed network, the next step is to link the transport process in the time dimension with the water source composition results from the previous step. Under a unified time base, this embodiment of the present invention can, on the one hand, grasp the flow process and water residence time of each connected edge at each time, and on the other hand, has already obtained the water source volume ratio of each sensitive area control section at the same time through step 2.

[0071] Based on these two types of information, all water source types and transmission paths that may affect a particular ecologically sensitive area can be numbered: The index i represents the water source type, such as water transferred from other basins, natural water from the local basin, and secondary water from engineering projects. The index p represents the specific transmission path from a source node to the control section of the target sensitive area. The t represents the time.

[0072] Furthermore, using the path flux and corresponding propagation time delay given by the hydrodynamic model, the volume contribution of water source type i actually entering the target sensitive area control section along the transmission path p at time t can be calculated, denoted as . At the same time, normalizing the volumetric contributions of all water source types and all transmission paths yields the water source contribution coefficient matrix A(t), where... This represents the proportion of the volume belonging to water source type i in the mixed water body input to the control section of the sensitive area via transmission path p at time t.

[0073] The change of matrix A(t) over time describes the dynamic pattern of different water source types entering ecologically sensitive areas along different spatial paths, and is a core intermediate quantity for subsequent comprehensive analysis and regulation decisions.

[0074] In step 4 of this invention, the hydrodynamic, water quality and ecological integrated model is invoked to simulate or update the water quality indicators and ecological response indicators in each ecologically sensitive area under a unified time base, so as to obtain the time-varying sequences of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, dissolved oxygen, algal bloom risk index, habitat suitability index, species risk index and other indicators.

[0075] To facilitate evaluation, these indicators are compared with a selected baseline state or ecological target. ΔE(t) can be used to represent the deviation of a representative ecological indicator at time t. The greater the deviation, the more the ecological state at that time differs from the ideal state.

[0076] Furthermore, to reflect the differences in vulnerability among different sensitive areas, an ecological sensitivity coefficient can be assigned to each sensitive area. A higher value indicates that the region is more sensitive to the same disturbance.

[0077] Based on this, calculate the comprehensive index of path-level water source ecological impact. This index is a comprehensive quantitative indicator that integrates multiple factors, such as the water contribution of the transmission path, pollutant load transport, and the resulting deviation in ecological response, into a single scalar value by integrating over a pre-set evaluation period. This value represents the overall impact intensity of the transmission path on a specific sensitive area.

[0078] In one alternative implementation, the evaluation period T can be used to evaluate the results. Represented as:

[0079] in, Comprehensive index of ecological impact of water sources at the path level , The path contribution coefficient. This is the load influence factor. This is the ecological response coefficient. This is the ecological response coefficient. This represents the ecological sensitivity coefficient. and These are the weight parameters.

[0080] Specifically, The intensity of the comprehensive ecological impact of water source type i along the transmission path p on the target ecologically sensitive area during the entire preset evaluation period; The elements in the aforementioned water source contribution coefficient matrix reflect the volume fraction of water entering the control section of the sensitive area via transmission path p at time t that belongs to water source type i, i.e., the path contribution coefficient. The path pollution load represents the instantaneous load of the target pollutant transported from water source type i along the transmission path p to the control section of the sensitive area at time t. It can be obtained by multiplying the path flux by the source concentration. A reference pollution load selected based on environmental capacity or management objectives, used to assess... Dimensionless processing is performed, prioritizing the use of total pollutant control targets issued by local governments or river basin management agencies; if none are available, the water environmental capacity is calculated using a water quality model based on the hydrological conditions and water quality targets of the sensitive area. If none of the above are available, the load impact coefficient can be obtained by referring to the average load during historical good periods; ΔE(t) is the deviation of the ecological response index, which represents the deviation of a selected ecological index from the baseline or ecological target value at time t. The reference threshold for this ecological indicator is used to convert the degree of deviation into a dimensionless form to obtain the ecological response coefficient. For indicators with national standards, the standard value of the corresponding functional area is directly adopted. For comprehensive ecological indicators, the threshold is set according to the protection target of sensitive area. If there is no clear standard, the historical health level of long-term monitoring data, such as the 75th percentile, can be referred to. The ecological sensitivity coefficient of this ecologically sensitive area takes a value within the range [0,1]. For example, the following scoring system can be used for quantitative assignment: First, determine the base score based on the type of sensitive area. If it is a national nature reserve or a primary drinking water source protection zone, the base score is 1.0; if it is a provincial nature reserve, an important wetland, or a secondary drinking water source protection zone, the base score is 0.7; if it is a general river ecological function zone or an aquatic germplasm resource protection zone, the base score is 0.4. Based on this, additional points are awarded according to other ecological attributes: if critically endangered or endangered species and their key habitats exist in the area, an additional 0.2 points are added; if a major water pollution or ecological damage event has occurred within the past three years, an additional 0.1 points are added; if the ecosystem is fragile and has poor self-recovery capacity, an additional 0.1 points are added. The base score and all additional points are added together to obtain the total score. If the total score is greater than 1.0, then... =1.0; and Used to balance the relative importance of pollution load and ecological response, and satisfying + =1, for example =0.4, =0.6; T is the total duration of the evaluation period, used to average the impact over the entire evaluation period.

[0081] Through such calculations Three types of key information were considered simultaneously: The factors considered are: first, the water volume contribution of the transmission path in the mixed water body; second, the relative intensity of the pollution load carried by the transmission path; and third, the actual ecological response of the load. The vulnerability of the sensitive area itself is also introduced through a sensitivity coefficient.

[0082] The final result This is a quantity that can be directly used for ranking and classification, and can be viewed as the comprehensive ecological impact score of water source type i along transmission path p. Within the same ecologically sensitive area, for all transmission paths... By making comparisons, it becomes clear which transmission paths are the main sources of risk and which transmission paths, although carrying more water, have relatively limited ecological impact.

[0083] Based on the above technical solutions, this invention establishes a water body fingerprint feature database and inverts the mixed water bodies in ecologically sensitive areas to obtain dynamic time series of the volume proportion of various water sources. This provides the ability to clearly define the contribution ratio of different water sources in sensitive areas, laying a data foundation for implementing management measures targeting specific water sources. Furthermore, by constructing a source-sink directed network and coupling it with hydrodynamic processes, this invention can quantify the contribution of various water sources to ecologically sensitive areas via different spatial paths, making it possible to identify key impact paths. This supports the transformation of management measures from extensive regional control to precise path regulation. In addition, this invention integrates water source contribution coefficients, path pollution loads, ecological response deviation, and ecological sensitivity to calculate a path-level water source ecological impact comprehensive index, achieving a standardized and comprehensive measurement of ecological impact. This index can be used to objectively compare the impact degree of different water sources and different transmission paths, providing a scientific decision-making basis for identifying priority control targets.

[0084] Based on this, the method provided in the embodiments of the present invention further includes: Multiple scheduling scenarios were set up, and the comprehensive index of path-level water source ecological impact was recalculated under each scheduling scenario. The adjustable range of each transmission path under the preset rigid constraints is analyzed, as well as the unit comprehensive cost of implementing the control. Based on the comprehensive index of ecological impact of water sources at the path level, the adjustable range, and the comprehensive cost of unit regulation, the comprehensive index of regulation priority for each transmission path is calculated, and the regulation priority is ranked according to the comprehensive index of regulation priority.

[0085] Specifically, the above-mentioned regulation priority ranking is based on the aforementioned water source composition inversion, source-sink relationship modeling, and path-level water source ecological impact comprehensive analysis. It introduces specific scheduling schemes and management constraints to comprehensively evaluate the regulation value of different source and sink paths.

[0086] In practice, while maintaining the layout of inter-basin water transfer projects, the topology of river networks, and the spatial distribution of ecologically sensitive areas, several representative scheduling scenarios are set up in conjunction with medium- and long-term water demand forecasts, current scheduling procedures, total pollutant discharge control targets, and ecological protection requirements.

[0087] Each scenario provides a set of time series to describe the process of diverting water from other basins, the regulation and utilization of natural water inflow within the basin, and the arrangements for the discharge or reduction of secondary water from engineering projects.

[0088] For example, in one scenario, the flow of external water diversion can be appropriately reduced during the dry season, while simultaneously reducing the discharge load of some reclaimed water; in another scenario, the scale of water diversion remains unchanged, and water quality fluctuations during ecologically sensitive periods are buffered only by adjusting the timing of water storage inflow from local tributaries.

[0089] For each alternative scenario, this embodiment of the invention re-invokes the hydrodynamic, water quality, and ecological integrated model and the water source decomposition method used in steps 1 to 3 under a unified time base to obtain the time series of water source volume proportion and water source contribution coefficient matrix A(t) of each ecologically sensitive area control section under that scenario, and recalculates the path-level water source ecological impact comprehensive index accordingly. This results in a set of contextualized impact outcomes corresponding to the baseline operating conditions.

[0090] In obtaining different scheduling scenarios Subsequently, this invention further incorporates information on the controllability and control cost of source and sink paths to comprehensively evaluate the control priority of transmission paths.

[0091] Therefore, in each scenario, the adjustable space for each water source type i and each source-sink path p is analyzed, taking into account the safe operation boundary of the inter-basin water transfer project, the rigid constraints of water resource allocation, the ecological base flow requirements, and the total wastewater discharge control indicators of each management unit. For example, for a main water transfer path that undertakes an important water supply task, its adjustable range is usually small; while for some secondary water discharge paths of the project, a relatively large reduction ratio can be given under the premise of meeting the minimum treatment capacity and downstream water safety. The above analysis results are used... express, The value is usually in the range of [0,1], which can be understood as the maximum relative reduction that the transmission path can achieve for traffic or pollution load without breaking security and management constraints.

[0092] Furthermore, embodiments of the present invention also comprehensively consider the costs incurred in implementing regulation along different transmission paths. These costs include not only the energy consumption and maintenance costs of increasing or adjusting water diversion operations, but also the risk costs arising from the adjustment of output on existing water supply security, the technological upgrades and operating costs required for emission reduction in local industries or towns, and potential ecological compensation expenditures. By summarizing and unifying the dimensions of the above factors, a unit comprehensive regulation cost is set for each water source type i and each source-sink path p. This parameter is positive and reflects the overall input level corresponding to a unit reduction in flow or a unit reduction in pollution load along the transmission path. and Compared with the result obtained in step three Together, these constitute the input quantities for the comprehensive analysis in this step.

[0093] Based on this, the present invention defines a comprehensive index for regulation priority in step 4. This comprehensive index is used to simultaneously characterize the ecological impact intensity, controllability potential, and control costs of a transmission path within the same framework. The calculation formula for this comprehensive index in a typical implementation is as follows:

[0094] in, To regulate the priority composite index, This is a comprehensive index of the ecological impact of water sources at the path level. For adjustable range, To control the overall cost per unit, It is a positive number.

[0095] Specifically, Water source type Along the transmission path The higher the comprehensive index of regulation priority, the higher the ecological risk reduction benefit per unit of comprehensive cost when regulation is implemented on that transmission path.

[0096] The adjustable range obtained from the above assessment represents the maximum reduction ratio of the flow or pollution load of water source type i on the transmission path p under all rigid constraints. The quantification process includes three steps: First, identifying rigid constraints: analyzing the minimum water supply guarantee capacity of the transmission path, the ecological baseflow requirements of the downstream river, the pollutant discharge standard limits enforced at the discharge outlet, and the minimum operating load rate of the wastewater treatment plant, etc.; Second, calculating the adjustable space: based on the constraint values ​​from the first step, calculating... ,in This refers to the current actual flux or load. To meet the minimum required flux or load for all rigid constraints; the third step, rationality correction: if the calculated value is less than 0, then let If the calculated value is greater than 1, then let .

[0097] The unit control cost for this transmission path is a parameter that comprehensively reflects the total resources consumed and the engineering complexity required to implement unit control along this transmission path. It mainly consists of three types of technical inputs: direct operating inputs This refers to the energy and materials directly consumed for implementing regulation, such as the increased energy consumption of pumping stations to achieve flow adjustment, or the increased consumption of chemical agents and electricity to improve sewage treatment levels; investment in engineering facilities. This refers to the scale of investment in new or upgraded facilities required to ensure regulatory capacity, and can be averaged annually over the evaluation period T. Examples include the area of ​​newly constructed wetland purification projects, the scale of expanded wastewater treatment facilities, or the length of newly added ecological water replenishment pipelines for emission reduction; system risk and flexibility investment. This refers to the potential burden on system security and resilience caused by the implementation of regulation, such as the amount of emergency backup water needed due to reduced water diversion, the increased system storage capacity required to ensure water supply security, or the amount of alternative ecological restoration work required to maintain ecological balance. The comprehensive cost per unit of regulation along this transmission path... The calculation formula is: ,in To determine the total amount of pollutants or water that can be reduced through regulation along this transport path during the evaluation period, the numerator of the formula represents the total resource cost required to achieve this regulation effect. Before actual calculation, all the above-mentioned inputs need to be unified to the same dimension using reasonable conversion coefficients. For example, all inputs can be converted into equivalent energy consumption: direct operating inputs... Energy consumption is directly included, and material consumption is calculated based on its production energy consumption; investment in engineering facilities Calculated based on its construction materials and energy consumption; system risk investment. The water volume and capacity can be calculated based on the energy consumption required for pumping and processing when it is lifted or called up.

[0098] γ is a positive constant used to avoid excessive amplification of the exponent when the denominator approaches zero when the control cost of some transmission paths is close to zero. The value of γ is determined by the following formula: ,in For all evaluated transmission paths under the current evaluation scenario The arithmetic mean of the values.

[0099] Complete all source and sink paths under each scheduling scenario After calculation, embodiments of the present invention can sort transmission paths within the same scenario and select combinations of transmission paths that, under the current scheduling mode, have a significant adverse impact on ecologically sensitive areas, yet possess a certain degree of controllability and relatively acceptable overall costs, as priority governance targets; alternatively, they can sort the same transmission path across different scenarios. The system compares and analyzes the impact of different scheduling strategies or emission reduction schemes on the regulation value of this transmission path. Based on the above analysis, the system can generate regulation recommendations, such as appropriately reducing the inflow of a certain route during critical ecologically sensitive periods, or focusing on reducing the load of secondary water discharge paths of several projects during specific periods, or buffering the risk peak in sensitive areas by adjusting the regulation and storage operation of tributaries in the basin. These recommendations can be further integrated with subsequent risk assessment and classification steps, visualization display, and early warning output modules to... The sorting results are used as input, and risk zoning, early warning threshold setting, and dynamic adjustment of operation control rules are supported.

[0100] Based on the above technical solution, this invention conducts source-specific monitoring of inter-basin water transfer, local natural water inflow, and secondary water from engineering projects under a unified spatial coordinate system and time base. It constructs a water body fingerprint feature database indexed by water source type, time period, and hydrological conditions. Furthermore, it performs multi-terminal hybrid inversion at control sections in ecologically sensitive areas to obtain the time series of water source volume proportions. This enables a detailed characterization of the composition ratio of different water sources in various ecologically sensitive areas and their changes over time. Compared to existing technologies that treat different inflows as a whole and only perform macroscopic assessments based on single-section water quality compliance rates or total pollutant amounts, this invention answers the key questions of which water sources, at what time, and in what proportion enter specific sensitive areas. It provides a source-specific, time-specific, and traceable quantitative basis for the impact of inter-basin water transfer projects on ecologically sensitive areas.

[0101] Furthermore, based on hydrodynamic simulation results, this invention abstracts the canal and its connected water bodies into a source-sink directed network, constructs a water source contribution coefficient matrix, and introduces path pollution load, ecological response index deviation, and ecological sensitivity coefficient to form a path-level comprehensive index of water source ecological impact. This refines the evaluation unit from the traditional administrative unit or river section scale to a combination of units from water source type to propagation path to target sensitive area. Through this index, the critical paths and key water source types that contribute the most and pose the highest risk to a specific ecologically sensitive area within a given evaluation period can be intuitively identified. This helps to accurately implement management and governance measures at specific source nodes and transport paths, overcoming the limitations of existing technologies that only know the overall impact and not the main responsible paths, resulting in coarse-grained assessments.

[0102] Furthermore, based on path-level ecological impact analysis, this invention introduces adjustable amplitude and unit comprehensive cost of regulation to construct a comprehensive index for regulation priority. This integrates the path-level water source ecological impact index, the potential for reduction under rigid safety and management constraints, and multi-dimensional cost factors such as operation, engineering, risk, and flexibility into a unified measurement framework. By comparing the comprehensive index of regulation priority for different scheduling scenarios and different source and sink paths, this invention can help management departments select the priority governance path combinations with the highest ecological risk reduction benefits per unit comprehensive cost. This reduces the workload of scenario comparison based on experience-based trial and error, and improves the scientific rigor and transparency of scheduling optimization and emission reduction decisions.

[0103] The technical solution provided by the present invention will be described and explained in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. Please refer to... Figure 3This illustration shows a flowchart of an ecologically sensitive area impact assessment method provided by another embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment takes the Pinglu Canal, a cross-basin water transfer project in southwestern my country, as an example, and specifically describes the implementation process of the method of this embodiment for important mangrove ecologically sensitive areas in its estuary region (such as the Maoweihai Mangrove Nature Reserve).

[0104] Step 1: Constructing a water source fingerprint feature database.

[0105] Water source classification and source node identification: Based on the Pinglu Canal project plan, the main water source types and spatial inlets affecting the downstream mangrove sensitive area are determined. The following source nodes are identified in a unified spatial coordinate system (such as the National Geodetic Coordinate System 2000): Inter-basin water transfer (SW): The source node is the key pumping station (designated as S1) that draws water from the Beibu Gulf through the canal.

[0106] Natural inflow (NW) in this basin: Source nodes include the main local river inlets along the canal, such as the inlet of the Qinjiang River tributary (designated as S2) and the inlet of the Dafengjiang River (designated as S3).

[0107] Secondary water (TW) of the project: The source nodes are the sewage treatment plants of key towns along the route (designated as S4) and the drainage outlets of industrial parks (designated as S5).

[0108] Source monitoring and data acquisition: Online monitoring stations were deployed at the aforementioned source nodes (S1-S5) to continuously monitor conventional parameters such as flow rate, water level, water temperature, conductivity (EC), pH value, dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and total phosphorus (TP). Manual samples were collected quarterly during typical hydrological periods (high, normal, and low) for each type of water source and sent to the laboratory for stable isotope (δ²H, δ¹⁰H) analysis. 8 O) and characteristic trace elements (such as strontium ions Sr²). + Concentration, these parameters can effectively distinguish between seawater, freshwater and treated wastewater.

[0109] Constructing a fingerprint feature database: Monitoring data was organized using a unified time base (e.g., the 2023 hydrological year). For each type of water source (SW, NW, TW), typical values ​​and fluctuation ranges of fingerprint parameters under various hydrological conditions were statistically analyzed. For example, it was found that the Beibu Gulf diverted water (SW) has high conductivity and high strontium ion content; the isotopic signal of local river water (NW) shows obvious seasonal variations; and wastewater treatment plant effluent (TW) exhibits high nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients but low content of specific trace elements. Finally, a fingerprint feature database was formed, indexed by water source type, time (quarter), and hydrological condition.

[0110] Step 2: Inversion of mixed water source.

[0111] Establish mixed cross-sections: Set up a mixed water monitoring cross-section (H1) at the main water intake channel upstream of the core area of ​​the mangrove sensitive area.

[0112] Acquiring hybrid fingerprint data: Online monitoring and manual sampling synchronized with the source node were performed at section H1 to obtain time series data of fingerprint features of the hybrid water body.

[0113] Multi-endpoint hybrid inversion calculation: For a specific time t (e.g., July 15, 2023, during the normal water season), endpoint fingerprint vectors for the three water sources SW, NW, and TW at this time are extracted (or interpolated) from the fingerprint feature database. A linear hybrid model is established between the hybrid fingerprint vector measured at section H1 at time t and the three endpoint fingerprint vectors. Under the constraints (non-negative contribution ratios of each source, sum of which is 1), the least squares method is used to solve the model, yielding the volume proportions of SW, NW, and TW in the mangrove sensitive area inlet at that time: α_SW(t) = 35%, α_NW(t) = 50%, and α_TW(t) = 15%. Continuous inversion is performed on the annual data to obtain the daily variation sequence of water source volume proportions.

[0114] Step 3: Construct a source-sink directed network.

[0115] Constructing a source-sink network: Based on the Pinglu Canal water system map, source nodes S1-S5 and sensitive sink node H1, as well as the intermediate waterways and dams, are abstracted as nodes and directed edges to establish a source-sink directed network. Combined with hydrodynamic model simulation, it is confirmed that there are multiple hydraulic paths from each source node to H1, such as: path P1 (S1→canal main channel→H1), path P2 (S2→tributary→canal→H1), and path P3 (S4→sewage canal→river mouth→H1).

[0116] Step 4: Calculate the path-level ecological impact index.

[0117] Calculate the water source contribution coefficient matrix: Couple the path flux data output by the hydrodynamic model with the water source proportion sequence obtained in step two to calculate the daily water source contribution coefficient matrix A(t). For example, data on a certain day shows that 80% of the water entering H1 through path P3 comes from TW (S4 discharge), and 20% is NW mixed along the way.

[0118] Calculate the path-level ecological impact index: Determine the input parameters: Set the evaluation period to the entire year of 2023. Obtain the total phosphorus load transported daily via route P3, using the water environmental capacity of the mangrove area as the reference load L. ref Using an ecological model simulation, the daily deviation ΔE(t) of the "algae growth risk index" in the mangrove area from the health baseline was obtained. Based on the "Nature Reserve Regulations" and the fact that endangered birds are present in the mangrove forest, its ecological sensitivity coefficient S=0.9 (high sensitivity) was set.

[0119] Index Calculation: Substituting the daily contribution coefficient, total phosphorus load ratio, algal risk deviation, and sensitivity coefficient of path P3 into the calculation formula and performing integration, the annual path impact index of water source TW along path P3 on the mangrove sensitive area in 2023 is finally obtained. Similarly, calculate the index for all water sources along all paths.

[0120] Based on this, the priority of the control paths is ranked.

[0121] Setting up scheduling scenarios: Design two control scenarios: Scenario A: During the sensitive period for mangroves (summer), reduce the proportion of water diversion from the Beibu Gulf (SW) by 20%, and require the S4 wastewater treatment plant to implement stricter effluent standards (total phosphorus reduction of 30%).

[0122] Scenario B: Maintain the scale of water diversion, but increase the protection of the ecological base flow of the S2 tributary during sensitive periods, and shut down unnecessary drainage from the S5 industrial park.

[0123] Recalculation and Comparison: For scenarios A and B, repeat steps 1 to 4 to calculate new path-level ecological impact indices.

[0124] Analysis of regulatory potential and costs: Adjustable range: Analysis revealed that path P3 (wastewater treatment plant drainage) has a greater potential for load reduction (R=0.5), while path P1 (main trunk water diversion) has a smaller adjustable range (R=0.1) due to water supply security constraints.

[0125] Unit regulation and control costs: Estimates show that reducing the load of path P3 mainly increases the operating costs of wastewater treatment plants (lower C), while reducing the water diversion volume of path P1 may involve complex cross-regional water supply coordination and risk costs (higher C).

[0126] Priority and ranking calculation: The impact index (I), adjustable range (R), and control cost (C) of each path under the baseline scenario were substituted into the priority index formula for calculation. The results show that under scenario A, path P3 (TW water source) has the highest comprehensive priority index due to its large impact, large adjustable range, and relatively controllable cost. Therefore, the system output recommends: prioritizing the implementation of advanced treatment upgrades and strict seasonal control measures at the S4 wastewater treatment plant as the most cost-effective intervention to protect this sensitive mangrove area.

[0127] Through the above-described implementation methods, this invention enables refined management decision support for mangrove-sensitive areas affected by the Pinglu Canal. It not only quantifies the contributions of water from different sources but also accurately identifies the key impact pathway of "sewage treatment plant discharge." Furthermore, through cost-benefit analysis, it clarifies the optimal control target, changing the previous experience-based decision-making model and providing quantifiable and operable technological support for the green operation of the Pinglu Canal and the protection of mangrove ecosystems.

[0128] On the other hand, embodiments of the present invention also provide an impact assessment system for ecologically sensitive areas of cross-basin canals, the system comprising: The water source fingerprint feature database construction module is used to construct a water body fingerprint feature database under a unified spatiotemporal benchmark; the water body fingerprint feature database is used to distinguish different water source types. The mixed water source inversion module is used to perform source analysis on the mixed water bodies at the control section of the ecologically sensitive area based on the water body fingerprint feature database, and obtain the time series of the volume proportion of each water source type at the control section. The source-sink impact path assessment module is used to construct a source-sink directed network based on the spatial topology and hydrodynamic processes of the canal and connected water bodies, enumerate the transmission paths from various water sources to the ecologically sensitive area, and calculate the water source contribution coefficient matrix based on the water source volume proportion time series and path flux. It also integrates path pollution load, ecological response index deviation, and ecological sensitivity coefficient to calculate the path-level water source ecological impact comprehensive index of each water source along each transmission path on the ecologically sensitive area.

[0129] Specifically, the cross-basin canal ecological sensitive area impact assessment system proposed in this invention integrates functional modules such as water source fingerprint feature database construction, mixed water body source inversion, source-sink impact path assessment, and regulation path priority ranking. It can be deployed based on existing hydrological and water quality monitoring networks and hydrodynamic and water quality ecological models, exhibiting good engineering feasibility and scalability. The system outputs water source volume proportion time series, water source contribution coefficient matrix, path-level water source ecological impact comprehensive index, and regulation priority ranking results, which can be easily visualized in the form of charts, thematic maps, etc. This provides continuous, quantitative, and traceable technical support for cross-basin water transfer scheme optimization, total pollutant discharge control decomposition, ecological sensitive area hierarchical protection, and early warning threshold setting.

[0130] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this invention.

[0131] In the embodiments provided by this invention, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0132] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0133] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0134] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), portable hard drives, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0135] The storage media described in the embodiments of the present invention are intended to include, but are not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0136] Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiments of the present invention should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of terms such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a concrete manner for ease of understanding.

[0137] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for assessing the impact of trans-basin canals on ecologically sensitive areas, characterized in that, include: A water body fingerprint feature database is constructed based on a unified spatial coordinate system and a unified time base; The water body fingerprint feature database is used to distinguish different types of water sources; In the control section of the ecologically sensitive area, the fingerprint features of mixed water bodies are obtained. Based on the water body fingerprint feature library, multi-terminal hybrid inversion is performed to obtain the time series of water source volume proportion of various water sources in the control section. Based on the spatial topology and hydrodynamic processes of the canal and its connected water bodies, a source-sink directed network is constructed, and the transmission paths from various water sources to the ecologically sensitive areas are enumerated. Based on the time series of water source volume proportion and path flux, the water source contribution coefficient matrix is ​​calculated, and the path pollution load, ecological response index deviation and ecological sensitivity coefficient are integrated to calculate the path-level water source ecological impact comprehensive index of each water source along each transmission path on the ecologically sensitive area.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The construction of a water fingerprint feature database includes: In a unified spatial coordinate system, the locations where various water sources enter the canal or have hydraulic connections with ecologically sensitive areas are marked as source nodes; For each type of water source, a fingerprint feature vector is generated by statistically analyzing the typical characteristics of one or more fingerprint parameters of each type of water source based on a unified time base. Under the preset statistical period and representative hydrological conditions, a water body fingerprint feature database is obtained by combining the fingerprint feature vectors of various water sources, indexed by water source type, time period and hydrological conditions. The fingerprint parameters include conductivity, temperature, dissolved ion concentration, stable isotopes, and characteristic trace elements.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-terminal hybrid inversion includes: A linear mixing relationship is established between the measured fingerprint feature vector of the mixed water body at a given time and the end-member fingerprint feature vectors of various water sources extracted from the water body fingerprint feature database. Under the conditions of introducing non-negativity constraints and volume distribution constraints, solve for the volume proportion of each type of water source at this moment.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, When flow monitoring conditions are available, the multi-terminal hybrid inversion also incorporates the flow records of the hybrid section and source nodes, and introduces water balance constraints for solution.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of the comprehensive ecological impact index of the path-level water source specifically includes: Based on the water source contribution coefficient matrix within the preset evaluation period, the path contribution coefficient is determined. The load impact coefficient is determined based on the ratio of the target pollutant load transported along the corresponding transmission path to the reference load during the preset evaluation period. The ecological response coefficient is determined based on the degree of deviation of the ecological response index from the baseline state during the preset evaluation period. Obtain the ecological sensitivity coefficient of the target ecologically sensitive area; The comprehensive index of ecological impact of water sources at the path level is obtained by integrating the path contribution coefficient, load impact coefficient, ecological response coefficient, and ecological sensitivity coefficient.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The ecological sensitivity coefficient is assigned a value based on the type of sensitive area, the presence of endangered or critically endangered species, historical pollution events, and ecosystem vulnerability.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The method further includes: Multiple scheduling scenarios were set up, and the comprehensive index of path-level water source ecological impact was recalculated under each scheduling scenario. The adjustable range of each transmission path under the preset rigid constraints is analyzed, as well as the unit comprehensive cost of implementing the control. Based on the comprehensive index of ecological impact of water sources at the path level, the adjustable range, and the comprehensive cost of unit regulation, calculate the comprehensive index of regulation priority for each transmission path, and rank the regulation priorities according to the comprehensive index of regulation priority. The adjustable range is the maximum relative proportion of the reduction in water flow or pollution load along the transmission path under the rigid constraints of water supply security, ecological base flow, emission standards and minimum operating load.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The unit control comprehensive cost includes direct operating input, engineering facility input, and system risk and flexibility input.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the comprehensive index of regulation priority is as follows: in, Water source type Along the transmission path The comprehensive index of regulatory priorities This is a comprehensive index of the ecological impact of water sources at the path level. For adjustable range, To adjust the overall cost per unit of this transmission path, It is a positive number.

10. A cross-basin canal ecological sensitive area impact assessment system, characterized in that, The system includes: The water source fingerprint feature database construction module is used to construct a water body fingerprint feature database under a unified spatiotemporal benchmark; the water body fingerprint feature database is used to distinguish different water source types. The mixed water source inversion module is used to perform source analysis on the mixed water bodies at the control section of the ecologically sensitive area based on the water body fingerprint feature database, and obtain the time series of the volume proportion of each water source type at the control section. The source-sink impact path assessment module is used to construct a source-sink directed network based on the spatial topology and hydrodynamic processes of the canal and connected water bodies, enumerate the transmission paths from various water sources to the ecologically sensitive area, and calculate the water source contribution coefficient matrix based on the water source volume proportion time series and path flux. It also integrates path pollution load, ecological response index deviation, and ecological sensitivity coefficient to calculate the path-level water source ecological impact comprehensive index of each water source along each transmission path on the ecologically sensitive area.

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