Hollow floor structure construction progress real-time evaluation method based on BIM

Abstract

This invention specifically relates to a BIM-based real-time assessment method for the construction progress of hollow core slab structures, belonging to the field of building construction progress management technology. It includes: deducting static and dynamic restricted areas and safety margin spaces on site, and then calculating the currently usable three-dimensional space for material storage through gridding and foundation bearing capacity analysis. In this invention, BIM multi-dimensional spatiotemporal modeling, three-dimensional laser scanning acquisition, and spatial Boolean calculation enable real-time and accurate assessment of the construction progress of hollow core slab structures and dynamic quantitative control of on-site space, addressing the problems of lagging traditional construction progress assessments and inefficient space utilization. Relying on progress binding and deterministic on-site identification methods, the construction status of the physical site and the digital model can be synchronized in real time, identifying progress deviations and providing timely warnings, ensuring the efficient implementation of the construction plan.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building construction progress management technology, and in particular to a BIM-based method for real-time assessment of the construction progress of hollow floor slab structures. Background Technology

[0002] Hollow core slab structures are widely used in large-scale construction projects such as shopping malls, sports stadiums, and office buildings due to their light weight, large span, and excellent sound and heat insulation properties. During the construction of hollow core slab structures, the hollow tubes, as the core components, are directly affected by their arrival scheduling, stacking management, and installation progress, which in turn affect the overall construction progress and safety.

[0003] Currently, the assessment of construction progress for hollow core slab structures mainly relies on manual records and experience-based judgment, which has the following technical shortcomings: Traditional methods do not accurately calculate the space at the construction site, and the stacking of materials lacks scientific guidance, which can easily lead to problems such as material accumulation, wasted space, or "overcrowding" on site, thereby affecting construction efficiency. The material scheduling is not matched with the on-site capacity. The procurement and delivery volume is determined only based on theoretical construction needs without taking into account the actual space available on site. This can easily lead to materials being unable to be stacked after they arrive on site, or being stacked beyond the safety limit, causing safety hazards. The technology is too simplistic and fails to integrate BIM technology with spatial geometric calculations and mechanical constraint verification, resulting in low accuracy in progress assessment and making it difficult to meet the intelligent and information-based needs of modern construction.

[0004] Therefore, a BIM-based real-time assessment method for the construction progress of hollow floor slab structures is proposed to address the aforementioned issues. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to propose a BIM-based method for real-time evaluation of the construction progress of hollow slab structures in order to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A BIM-based real-time assessment method for the construction progress of hollow core slab structures includes: By establishing a BIM three-dimensional global coordinate system, importing static obstacle bounding boxes, and binding hollow tube components with the construction progress, a multi-dimensional spatiotemporal benchmark model corresponding to the physical site and the digital world is constructed. Collect on-site construction status, compare and update the component installation status in the BIM model, so that the actual on-site progress is synchronized with the digital model in real time; After deducting the static and dynamic restricted areas and safety margin space on site, and through gridding and foundation bearing capacity analysis, the three-dimensional available space that can be used for material storage is calculated. Extract the list of materials to be installed based on construction requirements, and calculate the maximum quantity of materials that can be stacked on site and the optimal placement coordinates; The actual shipment volume is determined based on the spatial calculation results, a logistics shipment order with stacking constraints is generated, and a warehouse overload interception and warning are triggered when the demand exceeds the on-site capacity.

[0007] Preferably, the steps of establishing a BIM 3D global coordinate system and importing static obstacle bounding boxes specifically include: A three-dimensional global coordinate system based on the permanent reference point at the construction site is established using the right-hand rule. ,in The axis is perpendicular to the ground. The axis is parallel to the long side of the building. The axis is parallel to the short side of the building; A 3D laser scanner was used to scan all static obstacles at the construction site to obtain their 3D point cloud data and generate a 3D bounding box for each static obstacle. The 3D bounding box coordinates of all static obstacles are entered into the BIM system to form a set of static no-object zones. .

[0008] Preferably, the construction of a multi-dimensional spatiotemporal reference model corresponding to the physical site and the digital world specifically includes: Import the hollow core slab construction schedule into the BIM system. The schedule clearly defines the start time, end time, construction team, and required hollow core tube type and quantity for each WBS node. By using the progress association function of BIM software, each WBS node is hard-bound to the corresponding hollow tube component in the BIM model in the time dimension. Each hollow tube component is assigned a unique GUID, making each component uniquely identifiable; the following attributes are also entered: Physical dimensional attributes: length, width, height; Material mechanical properties: maximum compressive strength Material density, mass of a single pipe ; Stacking constraint attributes: maximum number of stacking layers allowed, and allowed placement direction.

[0009] Preferably, the step of collecting on-site construction status data, comparing and updating the component installation status in the BIM model, so that the actual on-site progress is synchronized with the digital model in real time, specifically includes: The system uses a combination of a 3D laser scanner and an RFID reader to collect data. The scanner is responsible for acquiring spatial point clouds, and the RFID reader is responsible for identifying the hollow tubes. Scope of data collection: Covering the entire construction site, including the hollow pipe stacking area, installation area, and areas with static obstacles; The point cloud of the floor obtained by laser scanning is compared with the standard point cloud of hollow tubes in the BIM model through a spatial feature matching algorithm to determine whether the hollow tubes have been installed; at the same time, the RFID reader reads the RFID tags on the surface of the installed hollow tubes for double verification. The system automatically compares the scan results collected this time with the BIM benchmark model and extracts a list of hollow pipes whose status has changed to "installed". Permanently remove the installed hollow tubes from the list of materials to be delivered, and automatically save the removal record; In the global coordinate system of the BIM model, the three-dimensional coordinate area of ​​the installed hollow tube is marked as occupied, and the marked range is the actual coordinates of the three-dimensional bounding box of the hollow tube.

[0010] Preferably, the process for identifying the occupied space of the dynamic no-discharge zone includes: Dynamic material scope: Materials that are present on site but not yet installed at the current time, including scaffolding, steel bars that have arrived but not yet installed, hollow pipes that have arrived but not yet installed, and temporarily stockpiled construction tools; The three-dimensional bounding boxes of all dynamic materials are obtained by using three-dimensional laser scanning and point cloud processing. The three-dimensional bounding box coordinate parameters of all dynamic materials are entered into the system to form a dynamic no-displacement zone set. Each dynamic no-deployment zone is labeled with the corresponding material type, entry time, and estimated removal time, and is updated in real time.

[0011] Preferably, the logic for obtaining the currently available three-dimensional space for material stacking is as follows: Definitions of each spatial parameter: Total physical space on site Using the actual area within the construction site's perimeter wall as the boundary, its three-dimensional coordinate range is obtained through laser scanning; Static no-clothing zone collection Known static no-dispatch zones are used in real time and do not change with the on-site conditions; Dynamic no-closing zones collection Known dynamic no-fly zones, updated in real time; Safe breakaway distance : Set specific values ​​based on the type of equipment at the construction site; Safety margin :by and Based on the boundary, expand outwards The space created by the distance is used to ensure construction safety, and the stacking of any materials is prohibited. Calculation steps: First, calculate the union of the static and dynamic no-closing regions. ; Then from the total physical space on site Subtract the union region from the middle: This yields initial usable space; Then deduct the safety margin space from the initial available space. To obtain the currently absolutely usable set of three-dimensional spaces .

[0012] Preferably, the acquisition Next, meshing and topology analysis are required: Will The grid is divided into three-dimensional voxel meshes with uniform mesh size. Each voxel mesh is labeled with unique coordinates and mesh status. Each voxel grid corresponds to a foundation bearing capacity value, which is entered into the system. Based on the stacking weight of the hollow tubes, calculate the pressure that each voxel grid needs to withstand. If the pressure exceeds the foundation bearing capacity of the corresponding grid, then the corresponding grid area is removed. Topological analysis is performed on the remaining available voxel meshes to ultimately form a continuous and usable set of 3D meshes.

[0013] Preferably, the process of extracting the bill of materials to be installed includes: Based on the current construction progress and WBS node logic, the system automatically extracts a list of hollow pipes that need to be installed within the next forecast time window; The requirement list includes the GUID, model, and quantity of the hollow tubes. The estimated installation time, corresponding WBS nodes, and the theoretical total volume of the inventory are calculated.

[0014] Preferably, the process for obtaining the maximum quantity of materials that can be stacked on site and the optimal placement coordinates is as follows: Introducing the compressive strength threshold of materials for hollow tubes To ensure that the number of stacked layers does not exceed the compressive strength limit of the hollow tube, the calculation formula is as follows: ; Parameter description: This represents the number of stacking layers along the Z-axis. This refers to the actual mass of a single hollow tube; It is the acceleration due to gravity; This refers to the bottom contact area of ​​a single hollow tube. The maximum compressive strength of the hollow tube For safety factor; The system outputs the maximum number of hollow tubes that can be accommodated in the currently available space. Optimal stacking coordinate system.

[0015] Preferably, the calculation process for the actual shipment volume is as follows: The system automatically compares the theoretical demand for the next stage. Compared with the actual maximum capacity on site ; Final shipment scheduling volume That is, the smaller of the two values ​​is taken as the final shipment quantity; according to Automatically generate purchase and delivery orders; when > If the system determines that there is a risk of margin call at the scene, it will take corresponding interception actions.

[0016] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention achieves real-time and accurate assessment of the construction progress of hollow core slabs and dynamic quantitative control of on-site space through BIM multi-dimensional spatiotemporal modeling, three-dimensional laser scanning acquisition and spatial Boolean calculation, in order to address the problems of lagging construction progress assessment and extensive space utilization in traditional construction. Relying on progress binding and deterministic on-site identification methods, the construction status of the physical site and digital model can be synchronized in real time, progress deviations can be identified and timely warnings can be issued to ensure the efficient implementation of the construction plan.

[0017] 2. This invention, through three-dimensional spatial Boolean operations, voxel meshing, and foundation bearing capacity verification, can accurately calculate the effective space available for material storage on site, abandoning the experience-based and arbitrary storage mode, improving the space utilization rate of the construction site, avoiding idle space or local congestion, providing a reliable quantitative basis for dynamic control of construction progress, and realizing the transformation and upgrading of progress management from manual experience judgment to digital and precise control. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Further details, features, and advantages of this application are disclosed in the following description of exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] Several embodiments of this application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings to enable those skilled in the art to implement this application. This application may be embodied in many different forms and for various purposes and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. These embodiments are provided to make this application thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of this application to those skilled in the art. The embodiments described do not limit this application.

[0020] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) shall have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. It will be further understood that terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries shall be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the relevant field and / or the context of this specification, and shall not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly defined herein.

[0021] Example 1

[0022] Its specific implementation method is combined with the appendix Figure 1 Please provide a detailed explanation.

[0023] Appendix Figure 1 The flowchart of the real-time evaluation method for construction progress of hollow floor slab structures based on BIM provided in the embodiments of the present invention shows the complete steps from establishing a BIM three-dimensional global coordinate system to determining the actual delivery quantity based on spatial calculation results.

[0024] In this embodiment, it includes: By establishing a BIM three-dimensional global coordinate system, importing static obstacle bounding boxes, and binding hollow tube components with the construction progress, a multi-dimensional spatiotemporal benchmark model that corresponds one-to-one between the physical site and the digital world is constructed. Specifically, it includes: Establish a unique and deterministic coordinate correspondence between the physical construction site and the digital BIM model to provide a unified benchmark for all subsequent spatial calculations, status identification, and instruction generation, ensuring consistency between the digital model and the physical site and avoiding calculation errors caused by coordinate deviations.

[0025] Static site modeling: Modeling tools: Use commonly used BIM modeling software in this field (such as Revit 2024 and NavisworksManage 2024) to ensure software compatibility and modeling accuracy; Global coordinate system establishment: A three-dimensional global coordinate system based on the right-hand rule is established, using permanent reference points at the construction site (such as intersections of building axes or coordinate control points designated by the planning department) as the origin. ,in The axis is perpendicular to the ground (elevation 0.000). The axis is parallel to the long side of the building. The axis is parallel to the short side of the building, the coordinate unit is uniformly millimeters (mm), and the coordinate accuracy is controlled within ±1mm; Importing 3D bounding boxes for static obstacles: Use a 3D laser scanner (such as FaroFocusS70, scanning accuracy ±2mm) to scan all static obstacles on the construction site to obtain their 3D point cloud data. After denoising and simplifying the point cloud data using MeshLab software, generate an accurate 3D bounding box for each static obstacle. The size error of the bounding box does not exceed ±5mm. The static no-layout zone set A is formed by: static obstacles including tower cranes (including foundation, tower body, and boom), temporary office areas, temporary warehouses, permanent construction roads, the top projection area of ​​underground pipelines, and the edge of the foundation pit (with a 500mm safety distance), etc. The 3D bounding box coordinate parameters of all static obstacles are entered into the BIM system to form the static no-layout zone set. Each no-laying zone is marked with a unique identifier (such as "Tower Crane-01" or "Temporary Warehouse-02") and the types of materials that are prohibited from being piled up. Verification criteria: After modeling is completed, use a total station to compare the actual coordinates of at least 10 static obstacles with the coordinates in the BIM model. If the deviation is ≤3mm, the modeling is considered qualified. If it is not qualified, the modeling should be re-scanned and remodeled.

[0026] Dynamic progress mapping: Importing the construction schedule: Import the hollow core slab construction schedule (using the WBS work breakdown structure, broken down to the smallest construction unit, such as "3-story 1-zone hollow tube installation") into the BIM system. The schedule clearly defines the start time, end time, construction team, required hollow tube type and quantity for each WBS node.

[0027] 4D hard binding operation: Through the progress association function of BIM software, each WBS node is hard bound to the corresponding hollow tube component in the BIM model in the time dimension (4D). The binding logic is "the corresponding hollow tube is delivered to the site 3 days before the start of the WBS node and the corresponding hollow tube is installed when the WBS node ends". Once bound, it cannot be changed at will. If a change is required, it must be approved by the system permissions. Hollow tube component attribute assignment: Each hollow tube component is assigned a unique GUID (generated using UUID version 1.1, in hexadecimal string format 8-4-4-4-12) to ensure that each component can be uniquely identified; at the same time, the following attributes are entered, all of which are from the hollow tube factory inspection report, and the entry error is ≤1%: Physical dimension attributes: length (e.g., 2000mm, 3000mm, accuracy ±1mm), width (e.g., 150mm, 200mm, accuracy ±1mm), height (e.g., 100mm, 120mm, accuracy ±1mm); Material mechanical properties: maximum compressive strength (e.g., 30MPa, 40MPa, with reports issued by a third-party testing agency), material density, and the weight of a single pipe. (Based on actual weighing, with an accuracy of ±0.1kg); Stacking constraint attributes: maximum number of stacking layers allowed (initial value is initially calculated based on P), and allowed placement direction (e.g., only horizontal placement is allowed, while sideways and inverted placement are prohibited).

[0028] The on-site construction status is collected using deterministic methods such as 3D laser scanning, and the installation status of components in the BIM model is compared and updated to ensure that the actual on-site progress is synchronized with the digital model in real time. Specifically, it includes: Real-time acquisition of the current construction progress, material status, and space occupancy at the construction site forms an objective "snapshot," providing a true and accurate initial input for subsequent spatial calculations. This ensures that the calculation results are consistent with the actual site conditions and avoids scheduling errors caused by information lag.

[0029] Physical state acquisition: Data acquisition equipment: A combination of a 3D laser scanner (FaroFocusS70) and an RFID reader (such as AlienALR-9900, with a reading distance of 0.1-10m and a reading accuracy of ±0.01s) is used for data acquisition. The scanner is responsible for acquiring spatial point clouds, and the RFID reader is responsible for identifying the hollow tubes. Data collection frequency: twice a day (9:00 am and 4:00 pm). During peak construction periods (such as the concentrated installation of hollow tubes), the frequency is increased to once every 4 hours. Data collection times are avoided during interference scenarios such as tower crane operations and material transportation. Data collection scope: Covering the entire construction site, including the hollow pipe stacking area, installation area, and static obstacle area; scanning angle ensures no blind spots (360° horizontally, 0-90° vertically); point cloud density ≥100 points / day. ; Hollow tube installation identification: The floor point cloud obtained by laser scanning is compared with the standard point cloud of hollow tubes in the BIM model using a spatial feature matching algorithm (using the SIFT algorithm with a matching threshold of 0.85). When the feature point matching degree of the two is ≥85% and the coordinate deviation is ≤5mm, it is determined that the hollow tube has been installed. At the same time, the RFID reader reads the RFID tag on the surface of the installed hollow tube (pre-stitched at the end of the hollow tube, the tag uniquely corresponds to the GUID), and the double verification ensures the accuracy of identification. Anomaly Handling: If the point cloud matching degree is between 70% and 85% and the RFID tag cannot be read, the on-site construction personnel shall manually check and confirm the hollow tube status before manually entering the data into the system. The data entry record shall be kept for future reference.

[0030] State update and stripping: Comparison logic: The system automatically compares the scan results collected this time with the BIM benchmark model and extracts a list of hollow pipes whose status has changed to "installed" (including GUID, installation coordinates, and installation time). List Removal: Permanently remove installed hollow tubes from the list of materials to be received. Removal records are automatically saved (including removal time, operator, and corresponding WBS node) for easy traceability. Spatial Marking: In the global coordinate system of the BIM model, the three-dimensional coordinate area of ​​the installed hollow tube is marked as occupied, the marking color is set to red (RGB: 255,0,0), the marking range is the actual coordinates of the three-dimensional bounding box of the hollow tube, and the installation completion time is also marked. Synchronization verification: After the status update is completed, the system automatically generates a "progress synchronization report" to compare the planned progress of the WBS node with the actual installation progress. If the deviation exceeds 24 hours, a progress warning (pop-up window and SMS notification) will be triggered to the project manager.

[0031] By subtracting the static and dynamic restricted areas and safety margin space on site through spatial Boolean operations, and then through gridding and foundation bearing capacity analysis, the three-dimensional available space that can be used for material storage is calculated. Specifically, it includes: Objective: Based on the current static restricted areas, dynamic occupied space, and safety constraints, this study uses precise spatial geometric calculations to determine the three-dimensional space that can be used to stack new materials (hollow tubes) at the current moment, ensuring the safety and compliance of the stacking area and providing accurate spatial input for subsequent packing calculations.

[0032] Dynamic space occupancy identification: Dynamic material scope: Materials that are present on site but not yet installed at the current time, including scaffolding (including uprights, horizontal bars, and scaffold boards), steel bars that have arrived on site but not yet installed, hollow pipes that have arrived on site but not yet installed, and temporarily stockpiled construction tools, etc. Dynamic bounding box acquisition: Using the same 3D laser scanning and point cloud processing method as for static obstacles, the 3D bounding boxes of all dynamic materials are acquired. The bounding box size error is ≤5mm, and the acquisition frequency is consistent with the physical state acquisition frequency (synchronous acquisition). Dynamic no-closing zones collection Formation: The three-dimensional bounding box coordinate parameters of all dynamic materials are entered into the system to form a set of dynamic no-displacement zones. Each dynamic no-deployment zone is labeled with the corresponding material type, entry time, and estimated removal time, and is updated in real time (immediately after the material is used or removed). (Delete) Dynamic region verification: The system automatically verifies every hour. The material state in the sample was compared with the laser scanning results. Record the data; if a material position deviation is ≥10mm, automatically update the bounding box coordinates of the material to ensure accuracy. Consistent with the actual situation on site.

[0033] Definitions of each spatial parameter: Total physical space on site Using the actual area inside the construction site fence as the boundary, the three-dimensional coordinate range is obtained through laser scanning, and the value ranges of the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis are determined (e.g., X: 0~100000mm, Y: 0~80000mm, Z: 0~10000mm), and invalid space outside the fence is eliminated. Static no-clothing zone collection Known static no-dispatch zones are used in real time and do not change with the on-site conditions; Dynamic no-closing zones collection Known dynamic no-fly zones, updated in real time; Safe breakaway distance Specific values ​​should be set according to the type of equipment at the construction site. The safety margin outside the tower crane's rotation radius should be 1000mm, the safety margin on both sides of temporary roads should be 500mm, and the safety margin at the edge of the foundation pit should be 500mm. If there are high-voltage lines on site, the safety margin should be 2000mm. It can be manually adjusted according to the actual scene (authorization approval required). Safety margin :by and Based on the boundary, expand outwards The space created by the distance is used to ensure construction safety, and the stacking of any materials is prohibited. Calculation formula and steps: First, calculate the union of the static and dynamic no-closing regions. This means merging all static and dynamic areas that are prohibited from being stacked, thus avoiding redundant calculations; Then from the total physical space on site Subtract the union region from the middle: This yields initial usable space; Then deduct the safety margin space from the initial available space. To obtain the currently absolutely usable set of three-dimensional spaces The calculation formula is: ;

[0034] Calculation verification: After the calculation is completed, the system will automatically generate... A 3D schematic diagram is prepared, and the spatial coordinate range is marked. The diagram is then checked by on-site technical personnel. Only after confirming that there are no safety hazards or spatial conflicts can the next step be taken.

[0035] Get Next, meshing and topology analysis are required: 3D voxel mesh generation: A voxelization algorithm is used to generate... The system is divided into three-dimensional voxel grids, with a uniform grid size of 500mm×500mm×500mm (which can be adjusted according to the size of the hollow tube, with an adjustment range of 300mm~1000mm). Each voxel grid is labeled with unique coordinates (e.g., Voxel-X01-Y02-Z03) and grid status (available / unavailable). Foundation bearing capacity limit verification: Bearing capacity data acquisition: The bearing capacity values ​​of the foundation in different areas of the construction site are obtained through static load tests (the test method complies with the "Standard for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Building Foundation Engineering" GB50202-2018). Each voxel grid corresponds to one foundation bearing capacity value, which is then entered into the system. Verification criteria: Based on the stacking weight of hollow tubes (mass of a single tube m × maximum expected number of stacking layers n), calculate the pressure that each voxel grid needs to withstand (pressure = total weight / grid bottom area). If the pressure exceeds the foundation bearing capacity value of the corresponding grid (with a safety factor of 1.2), then the grid area is removed and marked as "unusable". Topology analysis: Perform topology analysis on the remaining available voxel meshes to remove isolated, scattered meshes that cannot meet the stacking size requirements of hollow tubes (such as meshes smaller than 1.2 times the minimum size of hollow tubes), and finally form a continuous and usable set of three-dimensional meshes as the spatial basis for subsequent three-dimensional packing.

[0036] Based on the construction requirements, a list of materials to be installed is extracted. A deterministic three-dimensional packing algorithm is used in combination with the placement direction of hollow tubes and the mechanical constraints of compressive strength to calculate the maximum quantity of materials that can be stacked on site and the optimal placement coordinates.

[0037] Specifically, it includes: The purpose of this step is to calculate the available space. Internally, by combining the physical properties, mechanical constraints, and stacking rules of hollow tubes, a deterministic packing algorithm is used to simulate the extreme stacking methods of hollow tubes, accurately determining the actual number of hollow tubes that the physical space can accommodate, providing a scientific basis for subsequent shipment volume determination.

[0038] Material Requirements Extraction: Demand extraction logic: The system automatically extracts the list of hollow pipes that need to be installed in the next prediction time window based on the current construction progress (synchronized BIM progress) and WBS node logic. Forecast time window setting: The default setting is the next 3 days (72 hours), which can be adjusted according to the construction progress (adjustment range 1-7 days). The adjustment is based on the hollow tube transportation cycle and installation cycle to ensure that the incoming materials can be installed in a timely manner and avoid long-term stockpiling. Requirements list should include: clearly specifying the GUID, model (size), and quantity of the hollow tubes. The estimated installation time, corresponding WBS nodes, and the theoretical total volume of the bill of quantities are calculated. ( =Volume of a single tube × Required quantity, where volume of a single tube = length × width × height, accuracy ±1000. ); Requirements verification: The system automatically compares the hollow tube attributes in the requirements list with those in the BIM model. If there is a mismatch in model or the quantity exceeds the requirements of the corresponding WBS node, an anomaly alert will be automatically triggered, and the construction management personnel will verify and make adjustments.

[0039] Constraint rule bin packing algorithm: Algorithm selection: The deterministic Bottom-Left-Fill (BLF) 3D bin packing algorithm is adopted to ensure the repeatability of the bin packing results (the calculation results are consistent each time under the same input conditions) and avoid the uncertainty of results caused by the use of random algorithms; Algorithm implementation steps: Initialization: Use the obtained set of available voxel meshes as the binning container, set the origin and size range of the container, and define the starting position of binning (bottom left corner of the container, the point with the smallest coordinates); Material sorting: Sort the hollow tubes required for the next stage by volume from largest to smallest (for tubes of the same volume, sort by length from longest to shortest), and prioritize placing the larger hollow tubes to improve space utilization; Placement attempt: Following the Bottom-Left-Fill rule, starting from the bottom left corner of the container, place the hollow tubes into the available grid area one by one. When placing them, ensure that the hollow tubes are completely within the available grid, do not exceed the container boundary, and do not overlap with other placed hollow tubes. Space update: Each time a hollow tube is placed, the available grid area is updated in real time, and the occupied grid is marked as "occupied". Subsequent hollow tubes can only be placed in the remaining available grid. The algorithm terminates when all hollow tubes have been placed or when the remaining available grid cannot accommodate another hollow tube (regardless of size).

[0040] Algorithm precision control: During the packing process, the gap between hollow tubes is controlled within 50mm (to avoid excessive gaps and wasting space), the gap between hollow tubes and the container boundary is controlled within 100mm (to ensure stacking stability), and the coordinate deviation is ≤5mm.

[0041] Layout rules constraints: Placement orientation constraints: It is clearly stipulated that hollow tubes must be laid flat (i.e., the length direction of the hollow tube is parallel to the X-axis or Y-axis, and the height direction is parallel to the Z-axis). It is forbidden to place them on their side or upside down. The system automatically verifies the placement orientation during the packing process. If an attempt is made to place them on their side or upside down, the placement scheme is rejected and the correct placement orientation is tried again. Placement alignment requirements: Hollow tubes in the same layer must maintain the same length direction and be aligned at the ends (deviation ≤10mm). The placement direction of hollow tubes in adjacent layers can be crossed (e.g., the upper layer is parallel to the X-axis and the lower layer is parallel to the Y-axis), but stacking stability must be ensured. Special constraints: If there are tower crane lifting radius restrictions at the construction site, the hollow tube stacking area must be located within the tower crane lifting radius (distance from the tower crane center ≤ the tower crane's maximum lifting radius). The system will automatically verify this constraint during packing, and placement schemes that exceed the lifting radius will be considered invalid.

[0042] Mechanical stacking constraints: Constraint basis: Introducing the compressive strength threshold of the hollow tube material. (From the hollow tube factory inspection report, accurate to 0.1MPa), ensuring that the number of stacked layers does not exceed the compressive strength limit of the hollow tube, thus avoiding damage to the hollow tube; Pressure calculation formula and parameter definitions (all parameters are quantifiable and obtainable): Calculation formula: ; Parameter description: The number of stacking layers in the Z-axis direction (positive integer, n≥1); The actual mass (kg) of a single hollow tube is obtained from the factory weighing record, with an accuracy of ±0.1kg; The acceleration due to gravity (taken as 9.8 m / s²) (Fixed value, no on-site measurement required) The bottom contact area of ​​a single hollow tube ( ), calculated from the cross-sectional dimensions at the bottom of the hollow tube ( =width × height, units converted Accuracy ±0.0001 ); The maximum compressive strength of the hollow tube (MPa) is converted to Pa and then used in the calculation. For safety factors, the value is set according to the construction site environment. Under normal circumstances, it is 0.8 (for indoor storage), 0.7 for open-air storage, and 0.6 for storage during the rainy season. It can be manually adjusted (requires authorization approval).

[0043] Stacking layer verification: When calculating the number of stacking layers n in the Z-axis direction, the system verifies whether the pressure satisfies the above formula layer by layer. When the number of layers increases to n+1, the pressure exceeds... If n is the maximum number of stacking layers, then the space beyond this number of layers is marked as "unavailable" and further stacking is prohibited. Verification frequency: After each layer of hollow tubes is placed, a mechanical stacking constraint verification is automatically performed to ensure that the stacking of each layer meets the compressive strength requirements and to avoid damage to the bottom hollow tubes caused by the subsequent stacking of layers.

[0044] Capacity calculation: Calculation results: After the bin packing algorithm terminates, the system automatically outputs two core results: The maximum number of hollow tubes that can be accommodated in the current available space. (Positive integer, accurate to 1), which is the maximum number of hollow tubes that can be stacked under all physical and geometric constraints; Optimal stacking coordinate system: Determine the specific placement coordinates of each hollow tube in the global coordinate system (start and end coordinates of X, Y, and Z axes), the number of stacking layers, and the placement direction, forming a detailed stacking diagram (which can be exported as a PDF for on-site construction guidance).

[0045] Result verification: System automatically calculates The corresponding total volume of the hollow tube, and The effective volume (volume after deducting gaps and safety distances) is compared. A volume utilization rate of 70% to 85% is considered reasonable. If the utilization rate is lower than 70%, the bin packing algorithm parameters (such as sorting method and placement gap) are readjusted and recalculated.

[0046] Based on spatial calculation results, the actual shipment volume is determined, and a logistics shipment order with stacking constraints is automatically generated. When the demand exceeds the on-site capacity, a warehouse overflow interception and warning are triggered. Specifically, it includes: The results of space physics calculations ( The system transforms calculations (such as optimal stacking coordinates) into management / logistics instructions, enabling closed-loop control of "spatial calculation - instruction generation - execution feedback" to ensure that the shipment volume matches the on-site space, avoid warehouse overload, and translate the technical calculation results into actual procurement and shipment operations.

[0047] Automatic determination of shipment volume: Decision logic: The system automatically compares two core parameters: the theoretical demand for the next stage. (i.e., the number of hollow tubes to be installed in the next 3 days) and the actual maximum capacity of the site. ; Decision Formula: Final Shipment Scheduling Quantity That is, take the smaller value of the two as the final shipment quantity, and ensure that the shipment quantity does not exceed the maximum capacity of the site. Decision Record: The system automatically records the decision process, including... , , The specific values, decision time, and calculation basis should be kept on file for future reference and to facilitate traceability.

[0048] Restricted shipping order and loading instructions: Delivery note generation: The system generates delivery notes based on... Automatically generate purchase and delivery orders. The order format conforms to industry standards and includes the following core information (ensuring suppliers can execute them accurately): Delivery note issuance: The system automatically issues delivery notes to the supplier's ERP system via API interface, and simultaneously sends SMS notifications to the supplier's contact person to ensure timely receipt by the supplier; the issuance record is automatically saved, and if the issuance fails, the system triggers a retry mechanism (retrying once every 30 minutes, for a total of 3 retries), and if it still fails, it notifies the procurement management personnel to handle it manually.

[0049] Loading guidance: The system generates a loading guidance plan based on the optimal stacking coordinate system, which clarifies the loading sequence, placement direction, and number of stacking layers of hollow tubes (the number of stacking layers during loading must not exceed the load limit of the transport vehicle and must match the number of stacking layers on site), so as to avoid damage to hollow tubes or affect the on-site unloading efficiency during loading.

[0050] Explosion-proof warehouse interception: Interception trigger condition: When > At that time, the system determined that there was a risk of overstocking on site (i.e., the theoretical demand exceeded the on-site capacity limit, and forcibly delivering the goods would cause the materials to be piled up beyond the safe range, causing safety hazards). Interception operation: Automatic Freeze: The system automatically freezes the excess portion of purchase requests (frozen quantity = - If the item is frozen, a delivery note for that part cannot be generated. It needs to be unlocked before you can continue. Warning Trigger: Simultaneously trigger "Insufficient Site Space Warning" to project managers, procurement managers, and on-site technicians. Warning methods include system pop-ups, SMS notifications, and BIM model pop-ups. The warning information clearly includes the reasons for the risk of overstocking, the quantity exceeding the limit, and the current available space. Spatial conflict alert: Highlight the spatial conflict area in the BIM model (using yellow semi-transparent rendering, RGB: 255,255,0), and indicate the reason for the conflict (such as "the required quantity exceeds the capacity limit") and the coordinates of the conflict area, so that on-site personnel can quickly locate the problem and take countermeasures (such as clearing dynamic materials on site and adjusting the construction schedule).

[0051] Unlock condition: When site space is freed up (e.g., dynamic materials are removed, or construction progress is accelerated, resulting in reduced demand), recalculation occurs. ,like ≥ The system will automatically unlock frozen purchase requests; if there is still a risk of overstocking, manual review and confirmation of countermeasures are required before manual unlocking.

[0052] The foregoing has only described certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

[0053] It should be noted that, in this document, the use of relational terms such as "first" and "second" is merely for distinguishing one entity or operation from another, and does not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the element.

[0054] It should be understood that in the various embodiments of this application, the order of the above-mentioned processes does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0055] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0056] Those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0057] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0058] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0059] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

[0060] The foregoing has only described certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A BIM-based real-time assessment method for the construction progress of hollow slab structures, characterized in that, include: By establishing a BIM three-dimensional global coordinate system, importing static obstacle bounding boxes, and binding hollow tube components with the construction progress, a multi-dimensional spatiotemporal benchmark model corresponding to the physical site and the digital world is constructed. Collect on-site construction status, compare and update the component installation status in the BIM model, so that the actual on-site progress is synchronized with the digital model in real time; After deducting the static and dynamic restricted areas and safety margin space on site, and through gridding and foundation bearing capacity analysis, the three-dimensional available space that can be used for material storage is calculated. Extract the list of materials to be installed based on construction requirements, and calculate the maximum quantity of materials that can be stacked on site and the optimal placement coordinates; The actual shipment volume is determined based on the spatial calculation results, a logistics shipment order with stacking constraints is generated, and a warehouse overload interception and warning are triggered when the demand exceeds the on-site capacity.

2. The method for real-time evaluation of construction progress of hollow floor slab structures based on BIM according to claim 1, characterized in that, Establishing a BIM 3D global coordinate system and importing static obstacle bounding boxes specifically includes: A three-dimensional global coordinate system based on the permanent reference point at the construction site is established using the right-hand rule. ,in The axis is perpendicular to the ground. The axis is parallel to the long side of the building. The axis is parallel to the short side of the building; A 3D laser scanner was used to scan all static obstacles at the construction site to obtain their 3D point cloud data and generate a 3D bounding box for each static obstacle. The 3D bounding box coordinates of all static obstacles are entered into the BIM system to form a set of static no-object zones. .

3. The method for real-time evaluation of construction progress of hollow floor slab structures based on BIM according to claim 2, characterized in that, Constructing a multi-dimensional spatiotemporal benchmark model corresponding to the physical site and the digital world specifically includes: Import the hollow core slab construction schedule into the BIM system. The schedule clearly defines the start time, end time, construction team, and required hollow core tube type and quantity for each WBS node. By using the progress association function of BIM software, each WBS node is hard-bound to the corresponding hollow tube component in the BIM model in the time dimension. Each hollow tube component is assigned a unique GUID, making each component uniquely identifiable; the following attributes are also entered: Physical dimensional attributes: length, width, height; Material mechanical properties: maximum compressive strength Material density, mass of a single pipe ; Stacking constraint attributes: maximum number of stacking layers allowed, and allowed placement direction.

4. The method for real-time evaluation of construction progress of hollow floor slab structures based on BIM according to claim 1, characterized in that, Collect on-site construction data, compare and update the component installation status in the BIM model, so that the actual on-site progress is synchronized with the digital model in real time. This includes: The system uses a combination of a 3D laser scanner and an RFID reader to collect data. The scanner is responsible for acquiring spatial point clouds, and the RFID reader is responsible for identifying the hollow tubes. Scope of data collection: Covering the entire construction site, including the hollow pipe stacking area, installation area, and areas with static obstacles; The point cloud of the floor obtained by laser scanning is compared with the standard point cloud of hollow tubes in the BIM model through a spatial feature matching algorithm to determine whether the hollow tubes have been installed; at the same time, the RFID reader reads the RFID tags on the surface of the installed hollow tubes for double verification. The system automatically compares the scan results collected this time with the BIM benchmark model and extracts a list of hollow pipes whose status has changed to "installed". Permanently remove the installed hollow tubes from the list of materials to be delivered, and automatically save the removal record; In the global coordinate system of the BIM model, the three-dimensional coordinate area of ​​the installed hollow tube is marked as occupied, and the marked range is the actual coordinates of the three-dimensional bounding box of the hollow tube.

5. The method for real-time evaluation of construction progress of hollow floor slab structures based on BIM according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of identifying the occupied space of a dynamic no-fly zone includes: Dynamic material scope: Materials that are present on site but not yet installed at the current time, including scaffolding, steel bars that have arrived but not yet installed, hollow pipes that have arrived but not yet installed, and temporarily stockpiled construction tools; The three-dimensional bounding boxes of all dynamic materials are obtained by using three-dimensional laser scanning and point cloud processing. The three-dimensional bounding box coordinate parameters of all dynamic materials are entered into the system to form a dynamic no-displacement zone set. Each dynamic no-deployment zone is labeled with the corresponding material type, entry time, and estimated removal time, and is updated in real time.

6. The method for real-time evaluation of construction progress of hollow floor slab structures based on BIM according to claim 5, characterized in that, The logic for obtaining the available three-dimensional space for material stacking is as follows: Definitions of each spatial parameter: Total physical space on site Using the actual area within the construction site's perimeter wall as the boundary, its three-dimensional coordinate range is obtained through laser scanning; Static no-clothing zone collection Known static no-dispatch zones are used in real time and do not change with the on-site conditions; Dynamic no-closing zones collection Known dynamic no-fly zones, updated in real time; Safe breakaway distance : Set specific values ​​based on the type of equipment at the construction site; Safety margin :by and Based on the boundary, expand outwards The space created by the distance is used to ensure construction safety, and the stacking of any materials is prohibited. Calculation steps: First, calculate the union of the static and dynamic no-closing regions. ; Then from the total physical space on site Subtract the union region from the middle: This yields initial usable space; Then deduct the safety margin space from the initial available space. To obtain the currently absolutely usable set of three-dimensional spaces .

7. The method for real-time evaluation of construction progress of hollow floor slab structures based on BIM according to claim 6, characterized in that, Get Next, meshing and topology analysis are required: Will The grid is divided into three-dimensional voxel meshes with uniform mesh size. Each voxel mesh is labeled with unique coordinates and mesh status. Each voxel grid corresponds to a foundation bearing capacity value, which is entered into the system. Based on the stacking weight of the hollow tubes, calculate the pressure that each voxel grid needs to withstand. If the pressure exceeds the foundation bearing capacity of the corresponding grid, then the corresponding grid area is removed. Topological analysis is performed on the remaining available voxel meshes to ultimately form a continuous and usable set of 3D meshes.

8. The method for real-time evaluation of construction progress of hollow floor slab structures based on BIM according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of extracting the bill of materials to be installed includes: Based on the current construction progress and WBS node logic, the system automatically extracts a list of hollow pipes that need to be installed within the next forecast time window; The requirement list includes the GUID, model, and quantity of the hollow tubes. The estimated installation time, corresponding WBS nodes, and the theoretical total volume of the inventory are calculated.

9. The method for real-time evaluation of construction progress of hollow floor slab structures based on BIM according to claim 8, characterized in that, The process for obtaining the maximum quantity of materials that can be stacked on site and the optimal placement coordinates is as follows: Introducing the compressive strength threshold of materials for hollow tubes To ensure that the number of stacked layers does not exceed the compressive strength limit of the hollow tube, the calculation formula is as follows: ; Parameter description: This represents the number of stacking layers along the Z-axis. This refers to the actual mass of a single hollow tube; It is the acceleration due to gravity; This refers to the bottom contact area of ​​a single hollow tube. The maximum compressive strength of the hollow tube For safety factor; The system outputs the maximum number of hollow tubes that can be accommodated in the currently available space. Optimal stacking coordinate system.

10. The method for real-time evaluation of construction progress of hollow floor slab structures based on BIM according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation process for the actual shipment volume is as follows: The system automatically compares the theoretical demand for the next stage. Compared to the actual maximum capacity on site ; Final shipment scheduling volume That is, the smaller of the two values ​​is taken as the final shipment quantity; according to Automatically generate purchase and delivery orders; when > If the system determines that there is a risk of margin call at the scene, it will take corresponding interception actions.

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