Anesthesia medicine management method in operating room based on RFID
By adaptively switching dynamic frame time slot ALOHA and query tree algorithm in the operating room, the problem of efficiency and accuracy in identifying narcotic and psychotropic drugs was solved, realizing efficient, reliable, and closed-loop intelligent management of drugs, and improving drug safety and operational smoothness.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- RUIJIN HOSPITAL AFFILIATED TO SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIV SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
- Filing Date
- 2026-02-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-19
Smart Images
Figure CN122245660A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of pharmaceutical management technology, and in particular to an RFID-based method for managing anesthetic and psychotropic drugs in the operating room. Background Technology
[0002] In the operating room, the management of anesthetic and psychotropic drugs (MCDs) is subject to strict regulatory requirements and operational procedures. Accurate traceability and real-time monitoring of each drug are necessary throughout the entire process, from warehousing and inventory to dispensing, administration, and disposal. Traditional MCD management relies heavily on manual recording or barcode scanning, which suffers from low efficiency, error-proneness, and difficulty in achieving rapid batch identification, failing to meet the high-intensity, high-timeliness demands of the operating room. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology, with its advantages of non-contact operation, batch reading capability, and large information storage capacity, has been gradually introduced into the field of medical drug management, particularly in scenarios such as intelligent management cabinets for MCDs in operating rooms. By affixing RFID tags to each drug and deploying RFID readers within the cabinet, theoretically, automatic drug identification, real-time inventory updates, and full-process traceability can be achieved.
[0003] However, in practical applications, especially in complex electromagnetic environments and densely packed drug storage scenarios like operating rooms, RFID systems still face several key technical challenges. First, there's the tag collision problem. When multiple drugs, corresponding to multiple RFID tags, simultaneously enter the reader's working area, the tags will simultaneously respond to the reader's query signals, causing signal interference. The reader cannot correctly parse individual tag information, resulting in missed or misreads. Second, there's insufficient environmental adaptability. Drug management cabinets in operating rooms are often made of metal, whose shielding and reflection effects on radio signals significantly affect RFID signal transmission and reception, further reducing the success rate and reading distance. Furthermore, a balance between efficiency and accuracy is needed in specific situations. Existing RFID anti-collision algorithms often struggle to simultaneously maintain both recognition speed and accuracy when the number of tags changes dynamically. In scenarios requiring the reading of multiple tags at once, such as bulk drug warehousing and rapid inventory checks, some tags may not be recognized or the recognition time may be too long, affecting the continuity of the operation and the real-time nature of the data. The aforementioned problems easily lead to inaccurate inventory data, incomplete medication records, and broken drug traceability chains during actual management. This not only increases the workload of medical staff but also poses potential risks to drug safety management and patient medication safety. Therefore, how to achieve efficient, accurate, and stable batch identification of RFID tags for narcotic and psychotropic drugs in the complex environment of the operating room, ensuring full traceability of drug circulation and real-time reliable data, is a technical problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology by providing an RFID-based method for managing narcotic and psychotropic drugs in the operating room. By dynamically comparing the number of remaining RFID tags to be identified in real time with a preset threshold, the method adaptively switches between a throughput-priority dynamic frame slot ALOHA algorithm and a deterministic identification-priority query tree algorithm. In the complex electromagnetic environment and dense tag application scenario of the operating room, this method achieves both high efficiency and high accuracy in batch identification of drugs, thereby ensuring the real-time reliability and complete traceability of data throughout the entire process of narcotic and psychotropic drug management.
[0005] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: According to one aspect of the present invention, an RFID-based method for managing anesthetic and psychotropic drugs in the operating room is provided, characterized in that the specific steps include: S1. When a business operation instruction for the target drug is received, the RFID reader is activated to perform initial frame identification on the RFID tag set on the target drug. S2. Estimate the number of RFID tags to be identified based on the initial frame recognition result, set the current frame length according to the number of RFID tags to be identified, and perform dynamic frame slot ALOHA recognition operation. S3. After each frame identification is completed, estimate the number of RFID tags to be identified, and select and execute the identification operation for the next frame. If the number of RFID tags to be identified is greater than a preset threshold, execute the dynamic frame slot ALOHA identification operation to identify the tags; otherwise, execute the query tree operation to identify the tags. S4. Obtain the corresponding drug traceability information based on the label recognition result, associate the drug traceability information with the business operation instruction, and output the drug management result.
[0006] Furthermore, the initial frame identification adopts dynamic frame slot ALOHA identification operation, and its initial frame length is a preset value; based on the number of collision slots generated during the initial frame identification process, the number of RFID tags to be identified after the initial frame identification is estimated.
[0007] Furthermore, the specific steps for tag identification in the dynamic frame slot ALOHA identification operation include: The current frame length is set based on the estimated number of RFID tags to be identified, and the reader broadcasts a frame start command. After receiving the frame start command, the unidentified tag randomly selects a time slot from the number of time slots corresponding to the current frame length to respond. The reader receives the tag response in each time slot and determines whether the time slot type is a success time slot, an idle time slot, or a collision time slot. After the identification of each frame ends, the number of remaining unidentified tags is estimated based on the number of collision time slots in the identification process of this frame.
[0008] Furthermore, if the time slot is determined to be successful, the reader successfully reads the tag ID within that time slot and controls the tag to enter a sleep state; if the time slot is determined to be a collision time slot or an idle time slot, the collision time slot count or the idle time slot count is recorded respectively.
[0009] Furthermore, the specific steps for tag recognition in the query tree operation include: Initialize a prefix stack for storing the prefixes to be queried, and push the empty prefix corresponding to the root node onto the stack. The prefix stack is used to manage the traversal process of the ID prefix corresponding to the current RFID tag to be identified. Determine if the prefix stack is empty. If it is empty, all currently identified RFID tags have been identified, and the query tree operation ends. If it is not empty, proceed to the next step. A prefix is popped from the prefix stack as the current query prefix, and the reader broadcasts the current query prefix; the ID prefix in the current RFID tag to be identified is matched with the current query prefix, and if a match is found, a response signal is sent to the reader through the RFID tag; The reader executes corresponding operations based on the received response signals.
[0010] Furthermore, the specific steps for the reader to perform corresponding operations based on the received response signal include: If the response signal is a single and valid tag ID signal, it is determined to be a successful response. The corresponding tag ID is read and added to the list of successfully identified tags. The system then returns to determine whether the prefix stack is empty. If no response signal is received, it is determined that there is no response, and the process returns directly to check whether the prefix stack is empty; If multiple interfering response signals are received, it is determined to be a collision response. The current query prefix is expanded into two sub-prefixes. The first sub-prefix is formed by concatenating the current query prefix with binary 0s, and the second sub-prefix is formed by concatenating the current query prefix with binary 1s. The first sub-prefix and the second sub-prefix are pushed onto the prefix stack, and then the process returns to determine whether the prefix stack is empty.
[0011] Furthermore, when the operational instruction received in S1 for the target drug is a drug replenishment instruction, the specific steps for receiving the instruction include: Receive the input prescription for medication and obtain information about the medication to be refilled; The automatic labeling equipment is controlled to affix RFID tags to the medicines to be replenished, and the RFID tags are bound to the medicine traceability codes; In response to the warehousing confirmation instruction triggered by the drug administrator for the drug to be replenished, the RFID reader is activated to perform the initial frame identification on the drug to be replenished that has been labeled.
[0012] Furthermore, when the operational instruction received in S1 for the target drug is a medication retrieval instruction from the preparation room or the operating room, the specific steps for receiving the instruction include: For medication retrieval in the preparation room, the system receives the medication retrieval instructions from the physician for the target operating room and target medication, and controls the corresponding medicine cabinet unit to unlock after receiving confirmation of the medication retrieval instructions. For medication retrieval in the operating room, the system receives patient medical orders from the hospital information system or anesthesia information system, and receives medication selection instructions triggered by the physician based on the medical orders or emergency medication retrieval instructions. Upon receiving confirmation of the medication retrieval instruction, the system controls the corresponding medicine cabinet unit to unlock. In response to the medicine being taken out of the medicine cabinet unit, the RFID reader is activated to perform the initial frame identification on the taken-out medicine; S4, corresponding to the medication retrieval instruction in the preparation room or operating room, specifically involves verifying the identified medication traceability information against the retrieval instruction to confirm that the actual medication retrieved matches the registered quantity, and updating the medication inventory status. In response to a return instruction for unopened medication or a return instruction for damaged medication, the corresponding medication status update and inventory adjustment are executed. According to a second aspect of the present invention, an electronic device is provided, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the program to implement the method described above.
[0013] According to a third aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method described thereon.
[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) This invention achieves adaptive switching of anti-collision algorithms by using the technical means of estimating the total number of tags and dynamically setting the optimal frame length after initial frame recognition, and estimating the remaining number of tags according to the collision time slot after each frame recognition, and comparing it with a preset threshold to determine whether to use the dynamic frame time slot ALOHA algorithm or query tree algorithm for the next frame. This effectively reduces the probability of signal collision when multiple tags are recognized simultaneously in the complex electromagnetic environment of the operating room, improves the stability of the recognition process and the overall throughput. In scenarios such as batch warehousing and rapid inventory of anesthetic and psychotropic drugs in the operating room, it can significantly improve the success rate and speed of batch drug recognition, and ensure the real-time update of inventory data and the smoothness of the operation process.
[0015] (2) This invention achieves an adaptive balance between recognition efficiency and recognition integrity by using the dynamic frame slotted ALOHA algorithm with high throughput when the number of tags is large, and switching to the query tree algorithm that can ensure all tags are recognized when the number of remaining tags drops below the threshold. The emphasis is dynamically adjusted according to the real-time recognition status, which not only meets the need for rapid processing of most tags, but also ensures that all tags are accurately read in the end. This allows the method to flexibly adapt to the different requirements of different business links for processing speed or result accuracy. For example, efficiency is emphasized when picking up medicine in an emergency, and accuracy is emphasized when checking the final result. This improves the reliability and controllability of the drug management process as a whole.
[0016] (3) This invention deeply integrates the adaptive RFID identification mechanism with the specific business operation instructions for the management of narcotic and psychotropic drugs in the operating room. It realizes automatic identification of tags, information verification and record update in multiple links such as drug replenishment, drug retrieval, inventory and verification. It constructs a complete drug data collection and processing link, realizes accurate tracking of the circulation status of each narcotic and psychotropic drug and automatic synchronization of system records. It builds an efficient, accurate and closed-loop intelligent management system for narcotic and psychotropic drugs in the operating room, reduces the manual operation burden of medical staff, reduces the safety hazards caused by information omissions and misreadings, and provides a solid technical guarantee for patient medication safety and medical quality control. Attached Figure Description
[0017] Figure 1 A flowchart of an RFID-based method for managing anesthetic and psychotropic drugs in the operating room; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the drug replenishment and warehousing process in this embodiment; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the drug inventory counting process in this embodiment; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the drug retrieval process in the preparation room in this embodiment; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the operating room medication dispensing and verification process in this embodiment; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the postoperative medication reimbursement and billing synchronization process in this embodiment. Detailed Implementation
[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0019] like Figure 1The diagram shows the RFID-based method for managing anesthetic and psychotropic drugs in the operating room provided in this embodiment. The specific steps include: S1. When a business operation instruction for the target drug is received, the RFID reader is activated to perform initial frame recognition on the RFID tag set on the target drug. S2. Estimate the number of RFID tags to be identified based on the initial frame recognition results, set the current frame length according to the number of RFID tags to be identified, and perform dynamic frame slot ALOHA recognition operation. S3. After each frame identification is completed, estimate the number of RFID tags to be identified, and select and execute the identification operation for the next frame. If the number of RFID tags to be identified is greater than the preset threshold, execute the dynamic frame slot ALOHA identification operation to identify the tags; otherwise, execute the query tree operation to identify the tags. S4. Obtain the corresponding drug traceability information based on the label recognition results, associate the drug traceability information with the business operation instructions, and output the drug management results.
[0020] The dynamic frame slot ALOHA recognition algorithm used in this embodiment is a probabilistic algorithm. Its advantage is that it has a high system throughput when the number of tags is large, but its disadvantage is that there is uncertainty in the recognition process. When the number of remaining tags is small, due to improper frame length setting or random number conflict, a few tags may not be successfully recognized, thus significantly prolonging the total recognition time.
[0021] In contrast, query tree, as a deterministic algorithm, has the advantage of being able to identify all tags without any risk of omission. However, its identification latency is approximately linearly related to the number of tags. When the number of tags is huge, its identification efficiency will be much lower than that of the dynamic frame slot ALOHA identification algorithm.
[0022] Therefore, in this embodiment, when the number of tags is large in the initial stage of identification, a high-efficiency dynamic frame slot ALOHA identification algorithm is used for fast "coarse identification". When the number of remaining tags decreases to a certain extent, the efficiency of the dynamic frame slot ALOHA identification algorithm decreases and the deterministic advantage of the query tree becomes prominent, the algorithm is switched to a highly deterministic query tree algorithm for "fine identification".
[0023] Specifically, the initial frame identification uses dynamic frame slot ALOHA identification operation, with the initial frame length set to a predetermined fixed value, such as 5 or 10. Based on the number of collision slots generated during the initial frame identification process, the number of RFID tags to be identified after the initial frame identification is estimated. In this embodiment, the Chebyshev inequality method or the lower bound method is used.
[0024] To determine the optimal threshold, this embodiment conducts system simulation and testing in a typical hospital operating room RFID application environment. Through simulation testing, a comparison curve of "remaining tag count - recognition efficiency" is plotted. Analyzing the curve, it is assumed that when the remaining tag count > 10, the dynamic frame slotted ALOHA recognition algorithm, under optimal frame length configuration, has a significantly faster average recognition speed than the query tree algorithm, with an advantage of over 30%. At this point, using the query tree algorithm would lead to unnecessary latency. When the remaining tag count decreases to the 5-10 range, the recognition speed advantage of the dynamic frame slotted ALOHA recognition algorithm narrows rapidly, and due to reduced collisions leading to frame length contraction, its recognition latency instability increases, while the QT algorithm's recognition latency steadily decreases. Assuming that when the remaining tag count ≤ 5, the average recognition latency of the query tree algorithm begins to be lower than that of the dynamic frame slotted ALOHA recognition algorithm, then considering the comprehensive indicators of minimizing overall recognition time and maximizing recognition integrity, the algorithm switching threshold is set to 5, which achieves Pareto optimality in most operating conditions.
[0025] Although this embodiment sets the threshold to a fixed value of 5 based on testing, the threshold is not necessarily a fixed value, but rather a key system parameter that can be dynamically configured according to the specific business scenario requirements. For example, the basis for its setting can be automatically adjusted according to the corresponding situation.
[0026] For example, in scenarios with extremely high timeliness requirements, such as emergency medication dispensing, the threshold can be appropriately increased (e.g., set to 8) to allow the system to switch to deterministic algorithms earlier, sacrificing a small amount of throughput in exchange for more predictable worst-case identification time.
[0027] For example, in specific operating rooms with strong electromagnetic interference, the threshold can be appropriately reduced (e.g., set to 3) through system self-learning to reduce the performance fluctuation of the DFSA algorithm caused by signal instability in complex channels, depending on the ambient noise level.
[0028] For example, for readers with stronger processing capabilities, which can withstand the slightly larger computational overhead of the QT algorithm, the threshold can be appropriately lowered to pursue higher recognition certainty.
[0029] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a threshold configuration interface, which allows hospital equipment administrators to fine-tune the system based on long-term operational data, thereby enabling the system to have good self-adaptability and optimizability.
[0030] Specifically, the specific steps for tag identification in the dynamic frame slot ALOHA identification operation in this embodiment include: The current frame length is set based on the estimated number of RFID tags to be identified, and the reader broadcasts a frame start command. This allows unidentified tags to randomly select a time slot from the number of time slots corresponding to the current frame length to respond after receiving the start-of-frame command; The reader receives the tag response in each time slot and determines the time slot type as a success time slot, an idle time slot, or a collision time slot. After each frame recognition is completed, the number of remaining unrecognized tags is estimated based on the number of collision time slots during the recognition process of this frame.
[0031] If the time slot is determined to be successful, the reader successfully reads the tag ID in that time slot and controls the tag to enter a sleep state; if the time slot is determined to be a collision time slot or an idle time slot, the collision time slot count or the idle time slot count is recorded respectively.
[0032] The current frame length is set to the optimal frame length, slightly larger than the estimated number of RFID tags to be identified, thereby maximizing throughput. After the reader broadcasts a frame start command including the current frame length L, unidentified tags randomly select one of the L time slots and prepare to send their IDs. The reader then reads each time slot one by one, distinguishing the time slot type based on the response: if only one tag responds, it is a successful time slot; its ID is read, the tag is put to sleep, and it is added to the identified list; if no tag responds, it is recorded as an idle time slot, and the idle time slot count is incremented; if multiple tags respond simultaneously, it is recorded as a collision time slot, and the collision time slot count is incremented. Both the idle time slot count and the collision time slot count are used for subsequent tag count estimation.
[0033] When the number of remaining tags is less than or equal to a preset value, the system switches from dynamic frame slot ALOHA recognition operation to query tree operation to ensure complete recognition of the remaining few tags. The query tree operation uses a stack structure to manage the prefixes to be queried and employs a depth-first search to traverse the corresponding binary tree to achieve tag-by-tag recognition. Specific steps include: Initialize the prefix stack to store the prefixes to be queried, and push the empty prefix corresponding to the root node onto the stack. The prefix stack is used to manage the traversal process of the ID prefix corresponding to the current RFID tag to be identified. Check if the prefix stack is empty. If it is empty, all currently identified RFID tags have been identified, and the query tree operation ends; otherwise, proceed to the next step. Pop a prefix from the prefix stack as the current query prefix and broadcast the current query prefix by the reader; match the ID prefix in the current RFID tag to be identified with the current query prefix, and if a match is found, send a response signal to the reader through the RFID tag; The reader executes corresponding operations based on the received response signal: If the response signal is a single and valid tag ID signal, it is considered a successful response. The corresponding tag ID is read and added to the list of successfully identified tags. The system then returns to check if the prefix stack is empty. If no response signal is received, it is determined that there is no response, and the process returns directly to check if the prefix stack is empty; If multiple interfering response signals are received, it is determined to be a collision response. The current query prefix is expanded into two sub-prefixes. The first sub-prefix is formed by concatenating 0 bits to the current query prefix, and the second sub-prefix is formed by concatenating 1 bits to the current query prefix. The first and second sub-prefixes are then pushed onto the prefix stack, and the process returns to check if the prefix stack is empty. This process is repeated until the stack is empty, completing the identification of all tags.
[0034] The query tree algorithm resolves collisions by progressively expanding the binary prefix. When the reader broadcasts the current query prefix, if a collision is detected, it means that at least two tag IDs match the prefix and they differ in the next bit. In this case, the reader expands the current query prefix into two new sub-prefixes: one appended with a binary 0, and the other appended with a binary 1. These two sub-prefixes correspond to the subsets of tags with the next bit set to 0 and 1, respectively. By pushing these two sub-prefixes onto the prefix stack, the algorithm can systematically perform a depth-first search on all possible ID combinations until each tag is uniquely identified.
[0035] For example, if the current query prefix is "10" and a collision occurs, the reader expands it to a first subprefix "100" and a second subprefix "101," then queries for tags whose IDs begin with "100" and "101" respectively. This process is repeated recursively until all tags are identified.
[0036] The query tree algorithm uses a stack data structure to manage the prefix to be queried and recursively splits the prefix in the manner described above. Essentially, it traverses an implicit binary tree using a depth-first search strategy to systematically parse all possible tag IDs.
[0037] Ultimately, the drug management results include: comparing successfully identified drug traceability information with corresponding business operation instructions to generate operation verification results; updating system inventory records based on operation verification results; and triggering corresponding exception prompts and handling procedures if the operation verification results are abnormal.
[0038] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a more refined algorithm switching decision mechanism. This mechanism, after an initial judgment based on the number of tags, further introduces a real-time evaluation of the current frame recognition efficiency to achieve a more intelligent balance between recognition speed and accuracy in the complex and ever-changing operating room environment. Specifically, in another embodiment of the present invention, if the number of RFID tags to be identified is greater than a preset threshold, the step of performing dynamic frame slot ALOHA recognition operation for tag identification includes: When the number of RFID tags to be identified exceeds a preset threshold, at least one dynamic feature is extracted from the identification result of the current frame time slot ALOHA identification operation. Based on the at least one dynamic feature, a switching value assessment value is calculated using a preset evaluation function. If the switching value assessment value is greater than a preset decision threshold, the query tree operation is switched to tag identification. If the switching value assessment value is not greater than the preset decision threshold, the dynamic frame time slot ALOHA identification operation continues to be performed for tag identification.
[0039] In dynamic and complex scenarios such as operating room drug management, there may be situations where the number of tags is still large, but the recognition process has already fallen into inefficient collisions. If the ALOHA algorithm is still mechanically executed at this time, the system will cause it to idle in the inefficient range, resulting in a decrease in overall recognition efficiency. Therefore, in this embodiment, after determining that "the number is greater than the threshold" and thus initially deciding to continue using dynamic frame slot ALOHA recognition, it does not execute it immediately, but instead inserts a performance evaluation step based on the real-time state of the current frame.
[0040] Specifically, this embodiment first extracts dynamic features from the recognition results of the current frame. These dynamic features are quantitative indicators used to evaluate the recognition efficiency of the current frame, and include, but are not limited to, collision slot density. Its value is the ratio of the number of collision slots in the current frame to the frame length of the current frame. This feature directly measures the proportion of resource waste caused by signal collisions within the current frame. The number of collision slots in the current frame refers to the number of slots where signal collisions occur, detected by the reader during the recognition process of the current frame. (Recognition efficiency trend) The value is the difference between the throughput of the current frame and the average throughput of the previous M consecutive frames, where M is a preset positive integer, and the throughput of the current frame is the ratio of the number of tags successfully identified in the current frame to the length of the current frame. If there is a negative trend, it indicates that the efficiency of continuing to use the current recognition algorithm will continue to decrease.
[0041] Secondly, the dynamic features are input into a preset evaluation function to calculate the switching value assessment value V. The evaluation function is as follows: ;in, and These are the characteristic values of the collision slot density and efficiency variation trends mentioned above. α and β are weighting coefficients pre-optimized based on data from the operating room anesthetic and psychotropic drug management scenario. It is a switching overhead compensation constant used to quantify the protocol overhead, such as instruction interaction and initialization time, generated when switching from the dynamic frame slot ALOHA identification algorithm to the QT algorithm.
[0042] Finally, the switching value assessment value V is compared with the preset decision threshold. Where the preset decision threshold is zero, V > 0 indicates that the predicted net switching benefit is positive, and then switching to the query tree algorithm is preferred; V ≤ 0 indicates that it is more advantageous to continue executing the dynamic frame slot ALOHA identification algorithm.
[0043] This embodiment introduces an intelligent decision-making mechanism based on real-time frame status. On the basis of the original quantity threshold judgment, it adds dynamic perception and prediction of the efficiency of the recognition process. In the case of large-scale inventory, it can avoid the inefficient stage of the dynamic frame time slot ALOHA recognition algorithm in advance, thereby improving the overall recognition speed. At the same time, it can quickly respond to collision risks in key operations such as drug retrieval. By switching to the deterministic query tree algorithm in time, the recognition accuracy is guaranteed, which meets the high safety requirements of narcotic and psychotropic drug management.
[0044] The RFID-based operating room anesthetic and psychotropic drug management method provided in this embodiment can dynamically adjust the identification strategy based on the number of tags identified in real time in specific business scenarios, thereby effectively balancing real-time performance and accuracy in different stages of drug management. Examples of process implementations in business scenarios such as drug replenishment, drug inventory counting, drug retrieval in the preparation room, drug retrieval in the operating room, and postoperative drug verification and billing synchronization are provided. Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown.
[0045] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, before executing S1, the system interface receives a refill order and obtains information about the drugs to be refilled. When the business operation instruction received in S1 for the target drug is a drug refill instruction, the specific steps for receiving the instruction include: Receive the input prescription for medication and obtain information about the medication to be refilled; The system controls the automatic labeling equipment to affix RFID tags to the medicines to be replenished and binds the RFID tags to the medicine traceability codes. In response to the warehousing confirmation instruction for the medicines to be replenished triggered by the medicine administrator, the RFID reader is activated to perform initial frame identification on the medicines to be replenished that have been labeled.
[0046] like Figure 3As shown, when the business operation instruction received in S1 for the target drug is a drug inventory count instruction, the system receives the inventory count instruction selected by the drug administrator via the terminal, either by cabinet or by floor. The inventory count operation must be completed by two people jointly verifying the data. After the RFID automatic detection is completed, the system first compares the identified drug data with the system records to determine if the detection is normal. If the detection is normal, the corresponding drawer is unlocked, allowing the drug administrator to remove the medicine box and perform normal drug inventory count operations, including verifying the book quantity and batch number. If the detection is abnormal, the system issues an abnormality alert while unlocking the drawer. The alert may include discrepancies between the book and the machine, missed or incorrect reads, abnormal labels, or abnormal drug traceability code status. The drug administrator must handle the abnormality according to the actual situation, such as performing inventory count and outbound / inbound operations for discrepancies between the book and the machine or missing drugs, clearing abnormal labels, removing drugs from the retrieval port, and re-counting and inbounding them. All normal or abnormal drug inventory count operations require manual verification of the inventory data and completion of the corresponding processing before closing the drawer. Finally, the drug administrator confirms the completion of the inventory task.
[0047] The inventory process in this embodiment makes full use of the method of the present invention. While performing automatic detection and comparison, it combines the necessary manual verification step of unlocking, thus realizing an efficient, reliable and fault-tolerant operation closed loop in the inventory scenario.
[0048] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, when the operational instruction received in S1 for the target drug is a medication retrieval instruction from the preparation room or the operating room, the specific steps for receiving the instruction include: For medication retrieval in the preparation room, the system receives the medication retrieval instructions from the physician for the target operating room and target medication, and controls the corresponding medicine cabinet unit to unlock after receiving confirmation of the medication retrieval instructions. For medication retrieval in the operating room, the system receives patient medical orders from the hospital information system or anesthesia information system, and receives medication selection instructions triggered by physicians based on medical orders or emergency medication retrieval instructions. Upon receiving confirmation of the medication retrieval instruction, the system controls the corresponding medication cabinet unit to unlock. In response to the medicine being taken out of the medicine cabinet unit, the RFID reader is activated to perform initial frame identification of the taken-out medicine.
[0049] Specifically, S4 for the medication retrieval instruction in the preparation room or the operating room involves verifying the identified drug traceability information against the retrieval instruction to confirm that the actual amount of medication retrieved matches the registered quantity, and updating the drug inventory status. In response to the return instruction for unopened medications or the return instruction for damaged medications, the corresponding drug status update and inventory adjustment are executed.
[0050] The entire medication retrieval process involves a double-checking step to ensure operational safety. For medication retrieval in the preparation room, after the physician selects the target operating room and corresponding medication via the terminal, they must confirm the retrieval instruction to trigger the storage location to unlock. The medication is then retrieved and verified using RFID. Once the quantity matches the registered quantity, the retrieval is complete. After the surgery, medication return or damage refund is also supported according to the operating room. For medication retrieval in the operating room, the system first receives patient orders from the HIS or anesthesia system. The physician selects the specific order or emergency medication on the terminal and further selects the medication by package or storage location. After confirmation and double-checking, the corresponding storage location unlocks, the physician retrieves the medication, and it is again verified using RFID. Once the quantity is confirmed, the retrieval is complete. Furthermore, after the operating room medication retrieval process, there are also steps for returning intact, unopened medications and refunding damaged medications. Whether in the preparation room or the operating room, the completion of the medication retrieval task is marked by closing the corresponding storage location lock or drawer, thus forming a complete closed-loop management process that includes authorization authentication, instruction confirmation, double-person verification, physical operation, RFID batch identification and verification, and subsequent processing.
[0051] like Figure 6 As shown, when the business operation instruction received in S1 for the target drug is a postoperative drug reimbursement and billing synchronization instruction, the patient still needs to log in to the terminal system and select a specific drug preparation order after the surgery. The entire process also includes a two-person verification step. After receiving the patient's actual medication information from the HIS or anesthesia system, the system automatically unlocks the corresponding storage location so that the physician can perform reimbursement operations including returning medication, empty bottles, collecting prescriptions, and verifying billing. When the physician places the relevant medications, empty bottles, or prescriptions into the designated storage location, the RFID reader is activated to detect and identify the items, and the identification results are compared with the registration information to confirm whether the physical items match the registered quantity. After verification, the system not only confirms that the surgical drug preparation task is completed, but also synchronously transmits the patient's actual medication information and drug traceability code information back to the HIS system for final billing, thus forming a complete closed loop from information reception, authorization authentication, physical reimbursement, RFID batch identification to data synchronization and fee settlement.
[0052] Therefore, the method provided in this embodiment dynamically switches algorithms based on the number of remaining tags in high-frequency, multi-tag application scenarios. When there are many tags, dynamic frame slot ALOHA is used to quickly identify most tags, and when there are few remaining tags, the algorithm switches to query tree algorithm to ensure that all tags are accurately identified. This balances identification efficiency and accuracy, ensures the accuracy of inventory data and the complete traceability of medication records, thereby improving the level of drug safety management and providing reliable protection for patient medication safety.
[0053] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working process of the described module can be referred to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.
[0054] The electronic device of this invention includes a central processing unit (CPU), which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to computer program instructions stored in read-only memory (ROM) or loaded from a storage unit into random access memory (RAM). The RAM may also store various programs and data required for device operation. The CPU, ROM, and RAM are interconnected via a bus. Input / output (I / O) interfaces are also connected to the bus.
[0055] Multiple components in the device are connected to an I / O interface, including: input units such as a keyboard, mouse, etc.; output units such as various types of displays, speakers, etc.; storage units such as disks, optical disks, etc.; and communication units such as network interface cards, modems, wireless transceivers, etc. The communication unit allows the device to exchange information / data with other devices through computer networks such as the Internet and / or various telecommunications networks. The processing unit performs the various methods and processes described above, such as the method of the present invention. For example, in some embodiments, the method of the present invention may be implemented as a computer software program tangibly contained in a machine-readable medium, such as a storage unit. In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program may be loaded and / or installed on the device via ROM and / or the communication unit. When the computer program is loaded into RAM and executed by the CPU, one or more steps of the method of the present invention described above may be performed. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the CPU may be configured to execute the method of the present invention by any other suitable means (e.g., by means of firmware).
[0056] The functions described above in this document can be performed, at least in part, by one or more hardware logic components. For example, exemplary types of hardware logic components that can be used, without limitation, include: Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Application Standard Products (ASSPs), System-on-Chip (SoCs), Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLDs), and so on.
[0057] The program code used to implement the methods of the present invention can be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. This program code can be provided to a processor or controller of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing device, such that when executed by the processor or controller, the program code causes the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code can be executed entirely on the machine, partially on the machine, as a standalone software package partially on the machine and partially on a remote machine, or entirely on a remote machine or server.
[0058] In the context of this invention, a machine-readable medium can be a tangible medium that may contain or store a program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. A machine-readable medium can be a machine-readable signal medium or a machine-readable storage medium. Machine-readable media can include, but are not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, apparatus, or devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of machine-readable storage media include electrical connections based on one or more wires, portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fibers, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0059] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions should all be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A method for managing anesthetic and psychotropic drugs in the operating room based on RFID, characterized in that, The specific steps include: S1. When a business operation instruction for the target drug is received, the RFID reader is activated to perform initial frame identification on the RFID tag set on the target drug. S2. Estimate the number of RFID tags to be identified based on the initial frame recognition result, set the current frame length according to the number of RFID tags to be identified, and perform dynamic frame slot ALOHA recognition operation. S3. After each frame identification is completed, estimate the number of RFID tags to be identified, and select and execute the identification operation for the next frame. If the number of RFID tags to be identified is greater than a preset threshold, execute the dynamic frame slot ALOHA identification operation to identify the tags; otherwise, execute the query tree operation to identify the tags. S4. Obtain the corresponding drug traceability information based on the label recognition result, associate the drug traceability information with the business operation instruction, and output the drug management result.
2. The method for managing anesthetic and psychotropic drugs in the operating room based on RFID according to claim 1, characterized in that, The initial frame identification adopts dynamic frame slot ALOHA identification operation, and its initial frame length is a preset value; the number of RFID tags to be identified after the initial frame identification is estimated based on the number of collision slots generated during the initial frame identification process.
3. The method for managing anesthetic and psychotropic drugs in the operating room based on RFID according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for tag identification in the dynamic frame slot ALOHA identification operation include: The current frame length is set based on the estimated number of RFID tags to be identified, and the reader broadcasts a frame start command. After receiving the frame start command, the unidentified tag randomly selects a time slot from the number of time slots corresponding to the current frame length to respond. The reader receives the tag response in each time slot and determines whether the time slot type is a success time slot, an idle time slot, or a collision time slot. After the identification of each frame ends, the number of remaining unidentified tags is estimated based on the number of collision time slots in the identification process of this frame.
4. The RFID-based method for managing anesthetic and psychotropic drugs in the operating room according to claim 3, characterized in that, If the time slot is determined to be successful, the reader successfully reads the tag ID in that time slot and controls the tag to enter a sleep state; if the time slot is determined to be a collision time slot or an idle time slot, the collision time slot count or the idle time slot count is recorded respectively.
5. The method for managing anesthetic and psychotropic drugs in the operating room based on RFID according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for tag recognition in the query tree operation include: Initialize a prefix stack for storing the prefixes to be queried, and push the empty prefix corresponding to the root node onto the stack. The prefix stack is used to manage the traversal process of the ID prefix corresponding to the current RFID tag to be identified. Determine if the prefix stack is empty. If it is empty, all currently identified RFID tags have been identified, and the query tree operation ends. If it is not empty, proceed to the next step. A prefix is popped from the prefix stack as the current query prefix, and the reader broadcasts the current query prefix; the ID prefix in the current RFID tag to be identified is matched with the current query prefix, and if a match is found, a response signal is sent to the reader through the RFID tag; The reader executes corresponding operations based on the received response signals.
6. The method for managing anesthetic and psychotropic drugs in the operating room based on RFID according to claim 5, characterized in that, The specific steps by which the reader performs corresponding operations based on the received response signal include: If the response signal is a single and valid tag ID signal, it is determined to be a successful response. The corresponding tag ID is read and added to the list of successfully identified tags. The system then returns to determine whether the prefix stack is empty. If no response signal is received, it is determined that there is no response, and the process returns directly to check whether the prefix stack is empty; If multiple interfering response signals are received, it is determined to be a collision response. The current query prefix is expanded into two sub-prefixes. The first sub-prefix is formed by concatenating the current query prefix with binary 0s, and the second sub-prefix is formed by concatenating the current query prefix with binary 1s. The first sub-prefix and the second sub-prefix are pushed onto the prefix stack, and then the process returns to determine whether the prefix stack is empty.
7. The RFID-based method for managing anesthetic and psychotropic drugs in the operating room according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the business operation instruction received in S1 for the target drug is a drug replenishment instruction, the specific steps for receiving the instruction include: Receive the input prescription for medication and obtain information about the medication to be refilled; The automatic labeling equipment is controlled to affix RFID tags to the medicines to be replenished, and the RFID tags are bound to the medicine traceability codes; In response to the warehousing confirmation instruction for the medicine to be replenished triggered by the medicine administrator, the RFID reader is activated to perform the initial frame identification on the medicine to be replenished that has been labeled.
8. The method for managing anesthetic and psychotropic drugs in the operating room based on RFID according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the operational instruction received in S1 for the target drug is a medication retrieval instruction from the preparation room or the operating room, the specific steps for receiving the instruction include: For medication retrieval in the preparation room, the system receives the medication retrieval instructions from the physician for the target operating room and target medication, and controls the corresponding medicine cabinet unit to unlock after receiving confirmation of the medication retrieval instructions. For medication retrieval in the operating room, the system receives patient medical orders from the hospital information system or anesthesia information system, and receives medication selection instructions triggered by the physician based on the medical orders or emergency medication retrieval instructions. Upon receiving confirmation of the medication retrieval instruction, the system controls the corresponding medicine cabinet unit to unlock. In response to the medicine being taken out of the medicine cabinet unit, the RFID reader is activated to perform the initial frame identification on the taken-out medicine; Specifically, S4 corresponding to the medication retrieval instruction in the preparation room or the operating room involves verifying the identified drug traceability information against the medication retrieval instruction to confirm that the actual medication taken is consistent with the registered quantity, and updating the medication inventory status; in response to the medication return instruction for unopened medications or the medication return instruction for damaged medications, the corresponding medication status update and inventory adjustment are performed.
9. An electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, characterized in that, When the processor executes the program, it implements the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the program is executed by the processor, it implements the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.