A fuel cell operation reliability evaluation method and related device

Abstract

This application discloses a method and related apparatus for evaluating the operational reliability of fuel cells, relating to the field of fuel cell technology. It includes determining the operational reliability of a fuel cell stack through a target evaluation scheme. Because the target evaluation scheme is generated based on the current distribution characteristics within the electrode surfaces or plates of the cells in the fuel cell stack, it overcomes the inherent limitations of existing evaluation methods based on the measured voltage of each individual cell (or the voltage of each cell measured by a monitoring device). Starting from the core characteristic of current distribution, which more directly reflects the electrochemical reaction, it accurately captures the actual operating state and consistency differences of each cell, thereby establishing a fuel cell operational reliability and consistency evaluation system that better reflects the actual operating conditions of the stack and possesses high reliability and physical meaning.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of fuel cell technology, and in particular to a method and related apparatus for evaluating the operational reliability of fuel cells. Background Technology

[0002] Fuel cells are a new type of zero-emission energy conversion device that can directly convert the chemical energy of fuel into electrical energy. They have the advantages of high efficiency and environmental protection and are widely used in passenger cars, commercial vehicles, distributed power generation and other fields. They are an important development direction in the field of new energy.

[0003] A fuel cell stack is composed of multiple individual cells stacked in series, and its overall power generation performance is closely related to the operating status of each individual cell. Currently, fuel cell stack products typically use voltage monitoring modules to collect the voltage of each cell, and then use statistical measures such as variance and standard deviation to quantify consistency, indirectly judging the reliability of the stack.

[0004] The voltage monitoring system typically obtains the voltage by collecting potential data from the electrodes on both sides of a single battery cell using wires and calculating the potential difference. This voltage is used to characterize the output voltage of that battery cell. The effectiveness of the voltage monitoring system in characterizing the battery state and accurately reflecting the output voltage hinges on whether the electrodes possess equipotential properties. This property, in turn, depends on a high degree of consistency in the current distribution within the electrode surfaces of adjacent battery cells. However, in the actual operation of a fuel cell stack, multiple factors, including the number of stack cells, cell installation location, manufacturing and assembly precision, application scenarios, electrode morphology variations, device failure states, and voltage acquisition methods, make it difficult to maintain a similar current distribution within the electrodes of each cell. Therefore, the electrodes often cannot strictly maintain equipotential properties, leading to inaccuracies or ambiguous physical meanings in the potential data collected from the electrodes and the calculated potential difference (battery output voltage). Consequently, the method of judging stack reliability using a voltage monitoring module suffers from insufficient reliability and low evaluation accuracy. It cannot accurately reflect the true operating state of the stack and cannot effectively identify abnormal battery cells within the stack.

[0005] Therefore, how to establish an accurate and reliable evaluation method for the operational reliability or consistency of fuel cell stacks based on actual operating conditions has become a key issue that urgently needs to be addressed in the current fuel cell field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides a method and related apparatus for evaluating the operational reliability of fuel cells.

[0007] The embodiments of this application disclose the following technical solutions: The first aspect of this application provides a method for evaluating the operational reliability of a fuel cell, including: Obtain a target evaluation scheme; the target evaluation scheme is one of a first evaluation scheme, a second evaluation scheme, and a third evaluation scheme; the first evaluation scheme is generated based on the current distribution characteristics within the battery electrodes or plate surfaces in the fuel cell stack; the second evaluation scheme is generated based on the current distribution characteristics within the battery electrodes or plate surfaces in the fuel cell stack; the third evaluation scheme is generated based on the lateral current characteristics on the plates in the fuel cell stack. The operational reliability of the fuel cell stack is determined using the target evaluation scheme.

[0008] In one optional implementation, obtaining the target evaluation scheme includes: If the performance evaluation scenario corresponding to the fuel cell stack is a simulation or theoretical calculation scenario, then the first evaluation scheme or the second evaluation scheme shall be used as the target evaluation scheme. If the performance evaluation scenario is a product testing scenario, then the first evaluation scheme, the second evaluation scheme, or the third evaluation scheme shall be used as the target evaluation scheme.

[0009] In one optional implementation, the target evaluation scheme is the first evaluation scheme, and determining the operational reliability of the fuel cell stack through the target evaluation scheme includes: For each cell in the fuel cell stack, the electrode or plate surface of the cell is divided into... Each sub-region is defined, and the current generated in or flowing through each sub-region is acquired; Based on each cell in the fuel cell stack The current in each sub-region, the total operating current of the fuel cell stack, and the first formula are used to determine the consistency of current distribution in each cell of the fuel cell stack; the expression of the first formula is:

[0010] in, It ensures the consistency of current distribution among the cells within the fuel cell stack. This refers to the number of cells in the fuel cell stack. It is the total number of sub-regions within the surface of the battery electrode or plate; It is the first in the fuel cell stack One battery; It is the first sub-region within the surface of the battery electrode or plate. Sub-regions; It is the first The first battery The current in each sub-region; This is the total operating current; It is the first of all cells in the fuel cell stack. The average current of each sub-region; The operational reliability of the fuel cell stack is determined based on the consistency of the current distribution.

[0011] In one optional implementation, the target evaluation scheme is the second evaluation scheme, and determining the operational reliability of the fuel cell stack through the target evaluation scheme includes: For each cell in the fuel cell stack, the electrode or plate surface of the cell is divided into... Each sub-region is divided into sub-regions, and the current in each sub-region is obtained; For each cell in the fuel cell stack, the corresponding cell... The current in each sub-region is used as the region current dataset corresponding to the battery. For any two cells in the fuel cell stack, the similarity of cell states within the stack is determined based on two sets of regional current datasets corresponding to the two cells. The reliability of the fuel cell stack is determined based on the similarity of the battery states.

[0012] In one optional implementation, determining the battery state similarity within the stack based on two sets of regional current datasets corresponding to the two batteries includes: Based on the two sets of regional current datasets corresponding to the two batteries and the second formula, the battery state similarity corresponding to the two batteries is determined; wherein, the expression of the second formula is:

[0013] in, yes The first sub-region Sub-regions; It is the first of the two batteries. The current in each sub-region; It is the second battery in the two batteries. The current in each sub-region; It is the average current of each sub-region in the first battery; It is the average current of each sub-region in the second battery; It is the battery state similarity between the two batteries.

[0014] In one optional implementation, the operational reliability of the fuel cell stack includes identifying cells within the fuel cell stack that are malfunctioning; the target evaluation scheme is the third evaluation scheme, and determining the operational reliability of the fuel cell stack through the target evaluation scheme includes: For each cell in the fuel cell stack, multiple measurement points are preset on the corresponding two side plates of the cell, and the transverse current value between each pair of measurement points on the cell plate is determined by the multiple measurement points on the cell plate. For the first in the fuel cell stack The battery has two sides. -1 electrode plate and the first Plate, based on the first -1 The lateral current value of the electrode plate and the first The magnitude and sign of the lateral current of the electrode plate are used to determine the first... Check if the target battery is abnormal.

[0015] In one optional implementation, the operational reliability of the fuel cell stack includes identifying cells within the fuel cell stack that are malfunctioning; the target evaluation scheme is the third evaluation scheme, and determining the operational reliability of the fuel cell stack through the target evaluation scheme includes: For each cell in the fuel cell stack, multiple measurement points are preset on the corresponding two side plates of the cell, and the transverse current value between each pair of measurement points on the cell plate is determined by the multiple measurement points on the cell plate. For multiple consecutive electrode plates in the fuel cell stack, if the values ​​of multiple transverse currents corresponding to the multiple electrode plates are all greater than the values ​​of the transverse currents corresponding to other electrode plates, and the algebraic sum of the multiple transverse currents corresponding to the multiple electrode plates is equal to 0 or less than a preset target threshold, then it is determined that the multiple consecutive cells corresponding to the multiple electrode plates are in an abnormal state.

[0016] In one optional implementation, the operational reliability of the fuel cell stack includes identifying cells within the fuel cell stack that are malfunctioning; the target evaluation scheme is the third evaluation scheme, and determining the operational reliability of the fuel cell stack through the target evaluation scheme includes: Obtain the transverse current between each pair of regions on each divided region of each electrode plate in the fuel cell stack; Based on the transverse current between each pair of regions on each of the divided regions on each of the electrode plates in the fuel cell stack, the normal distribution function of the transverse current on each cell in the fuel cell stack is determined. Based on the normal distribution function and the preset confidence interval, the location or number of cells in the fuel cell stack that are out of the loop is determined.

[0017] A second aspect of this application provides a fuel cell operation reliability evaluation device, comprising: An evaluation scheme determination module is used to obtain a target evaluation scheme; the target evaluation scheme is one of a first evaluation scheme, a second evaluation scheme, and a third evaluation scheme; the first evaluation scheme is generated based on the current distribution characteristics within the battery electrodes or plate surfaces in the fuel cell stack; the second evaluation scheme is generated based on the current distribution characteristics within the battery electrodes or plate surfaces in the fuel cell stack; and the third evaluation scheme is generated based on the lateral current characteristics on the plates in the fuel cell stack. The reliability determination module is used to determine the operational reliability of the fuel cell stack through the target evaluation scheme.

[0018] A third aspect of this application provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method described in any implementation of the first aspect.

[0019] A fourth aspect of this application provides an electronic device, comprising: A memory on which computer programs are stored; A processor for executing the computer program in the memory to implement the steps of the method described in any implementation of the first aspect.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following beneficial effects: This application provides a method for evaluating the operational reliability of fuel cells, including: determining the reliability of the fuel cell stack through a target evaluation scheme. Since the target evaluation scheme is generated based on the current distribution characteristics within the electrode surfaces or plates of the fuel cell stack, it overcomes the inherent limitations of existing evaluation methods based on the measured voltage of each individual cell (or the voltage of each cell measured by a monitoring device). Starting from the core characteristic of current distribution, which more directly reflects the electrochemical reaction, it accurately captures the actual operating state and consistency differences of each cell, thereby establishing a fuel cell operational reliability and consistency evaluation system that better reflects the actual operating conditions of the stack and possesses high reliability and physical meaning. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This application provides a method for evaluating the operational reliability of a fuel cell. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fuel cell stack core provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This application provides an embodiment of dividing the surface of the battery electrodes or plates in a fuel cell stack into... A schematic diagram of each sub-region; Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing the measurement results of the current in each sub-region of the electrode or plate surface of the battery in the fuel cell stack, obtained by measurement, as provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the current distribution in each sub-region of the electrode or plate surface of a battery in a fuel cell stack, obtained through simulation calculation, provided for an embodiment of this application. Figure 6 This application provides a schematic diagram of a structure for measuring the transverse current between sub-regions of an electrode plate, as shown in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 7 A schematic diagram illustrating an anomaly in a single cell of a fuel cell stack, provided as an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating how to identify differences in current distribution or relative distribution on the electrodes or plates of adjacent cells in a fuel cell stack by measuring transverse current of the electrode plates, as provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 9 A schematic diagram illustrating an anomaly in multiple cells of a fuel cell stack, provided as an embodiment of this application; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell operation reliability evaluation device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0023] As mentioned earlier, during the actual operation of a fuel cell stack, the electrode surfaces of each cell are difficult to achieve the same current distribution due to multiple factors, including the configuration of the number of stack cells, the installation position of individual cells, the processing and assembly precision, the actual application scenario, changes in electrode morphology, the lifespan of devices, and the voltage acquisition process.

[0024] Specifically: (1) The more cells there are in a fuel cell stack, the more prominent the problem of uneven distribution of fuel and oxidant gas becomes. This is an inherent characteristic of fluid supply and distribution among cells in the stack; (2) The stress distribution of cells located at the edge and middle of the stack is significantly different, which will cause different contact states between the electrodes. Moreover, the edge cells have a slower temperature dynamic response under dynamic conditions. This problem is particularly obvious under conditions such as rapid temperature alternation and large temperature alternation, which leads to a significant difference in the current distribution of cells at the edge and middle; (3) The tolerance or local defects of the physical properties of the electrode materials, the dimensional tolerance of the components, and the stack stack assembly tolerance will lead to differences in the physical structure of the fluid cavity, ultimately resulting in uneven fluid distribution in the overall and local cavities; (4) When the fuel cell system is actually running, hydrogen enters The uneven influx of liquid water into the stack will cause different water flooding conditions at the hydrogen inlet of each cell, which may not only lead to additional chemical and electrochemical reactions, but also further exacerbate the differences in fluid distribution; (5) The dynamic changes in heat generation and heat transfer, and water absorption and release processes of membrane electrodes will cause highly random and multi-path changes in the thermal properties, structural properties, mechanical state and even volume morphology of the electrode structure, which will interfere with the current distribution in the battery electrodes; (6) At different life stages of the stack, uneven failure will occur in the plates and electrode surfaces, especially in the middle and late stages of life, the failure mode, failure degree and failure location of each cell are difficult to keep consistent, resulting in significant differences in the distribution of electrochemical reactions in the surface; (7) The differences in the voltage acquisition method, acquisition location and acquisition device accuracy of each cell will increase in tandem with the intensification of the aforementioned factors.

[0025] The combined effect of the above factors results in a significant inconsistency in the current distribution across the electrode surfaces of each cell within the fuel cell stack. This inconsistency leads to two core problems: Firstly, a transverse current or potential difference will be generated along the plane of the electrode plate, meaning the electrode plate cannot be an equipotential body. The voltage of each cell is usually obtained by collecting potential signals from fixed positions on adjacent electrodes using a monitoring voltage acquisition device (hereinafter referred to as monitoring) and subtracting them. In other words, when the acquisition position of the potential signal on the electrode plate changes, the voltage value collected by the monitoring device will also change, which directly weakens the effectiveness of the collected voltage data. This phenomenon is more prominent in short stacks. Because short stacks are highly sensitive to the above-mentioned factors, the accuracy and reliability of the monitoring voltage of each cell in the stack decreases significantly. The monitoring voltage can no longer truly reflect the actual operating state of the monitored cell. Furthermore, the parameter sensitivity characteristics of short stacks themselves differ significantly from those of multi-cell high-power stacks, which greatly hinders the accurate analysis of the operating state of each cell.

[0026] Secondly, the reliability or consistency evaluation indicators of the fuel cell stack, such as variance, standard deviation, deviation from the mean, and coefficient of variation, obtained by relying on the voltage of the inspection measurement, have not only lost their due reliability, but in some cases have even completely lost their physical meaning, and can no longer serve as an effective basis for measuring the overall reliability of the fuel cell stack and the consistency of the operating status of each cell.

[0027] Therefore, how to overcome the limitations of existing methods for evaluating the reliability or consistency of fuel cell stack operation based on the voltage of the monitoring measurement, and establish an accurate and reliable evaluation method for the reliability of fuel cell stack operation and the consistency of operation of each cell in combination with the actual operating conditions of the fuel cell stack, has become a key issue that urgently needs to be solved in the current fuel cell field.

[0028] As discussed above, the method for evaluating the reliability or consistency of fuel cell operation based on the inspection voltage has inherent defects. The core reason is that the effectiveness of the inspection voltage depends on the equipotential properties of the plates, and the establishment of this property has strict prerequisites.

[0029] After in-depth research, the inventors discovered that a necessary condition for an electrode plate to function as, or approximately function as, an equipotential body is that the current distribution within adjacent battery electrode surfaces is exactly the same or highly similar. If this premise is not met, a transverse current will be generated within the electrode plate surface, creating a potential difference. This leads to the ambiguity or even failure of the physical meaning of the voltage measured by the monitoring system, and the operational reliability or consistency parameters derived from it will also lose their reference value.

[0030] Since the similarity of current distribution is the core prerequisite for ensuring the equipotential properties of the plates and the effectiveness of the voltage of the survey measurement, the fundamental limitation of the existing methods lies in taking "voltage consistency" as the core evaluation index, while ignoring the essential condition of "similarity of current distribution".

[0031] Therefore, to overcome technical bottlenecks and avoid a series of problems caused by voltage failure during inspection, it is necessary to move beyond the evaluation framework centered on voltage and redefine the indicators of fuel cell stack operational reliability or consistency based on essential conditions. Accordingly, the similarity of current distribution within the electrodes or plates of each cell should be considered the absolute core parameter for evaluating the operational reliability and consistency of the fuel cell stack, as it can fundamentally reflect the synergy of the operation of each individual cell within the stack.

[0032] Further research by the inventors revealed that the magnitude of the lateral current on the electrode plate can directly serve as an indicator of the consistency or similarity of the current distribution in the battery cells on both sides. The logical relationship between the two is as follows: the lateral current is caused by the difference in current distribution within the electrode surfaces of adjacent batteries; the greater the difference, the more significant the lateral current. Conversely, the smaller the lateral current, the higher the similarity of the current distribution and various physical field distributions of adjacent batteries. In this case, if there is a voltage difference, it can be attributed to the inherent differences in the material properties of the battery cells.

[0033] Based on an in-depth analysis of existing technologies and research on the current distribution within the electrode surfaces of fuel cell stacks and the equipotential characteristics of the plates, this application provides a method for evaluating the operational reliability of fuel cells. This method includes: determining a target evaluation scheme based on a performance evaluation scenario for the fuel cell stack and multiple preset evaluation schemes for the operational reliability of the fuel cell stack; and determining the operational reliability of the fuel cell stack through the target evaluation scheme. Since the evaluation scheme is generated based on the current distribution characteristics within the electrode surfaces or plates of the fuel cell stack, it overcomes the inherent limitations of existing evaluation methods based on the measured voltage of each individual cell (or the voltage of each cell measured by a monitoring device). Starting from the core characteristic of current distribution, which more directly reflects the electrochemical reaction, it accurately captures the actual operating state and consistency differences of each cell, thereby establishing a fuel cell operational reliability and consistency evaluation system that better reflects the actual operating conditions of the stack and possesses high reliability and physical connotation.

[0034] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0035] Figure 1 This application provides a method for evaluating the operational reliability of a fuel cell. (In conjunction with...) Figure 1 As shown, the fuel cell operation reliability evaluation method in this application includes: S101, Obtain the target evaluation scheme.

[0036] The target evaluation scheme in this application is one of the first, second, and third evaluation schemes. The first evaluation scheme is generated based on the current distribution characteristics within the electrode or plate surface of the fuel cell stack; the second evaluation scheme is generated based on the current distribution characteristics within the electrode or plate surface of the fuel cell stack; and the third evaluation scheme is generated based on the lateral current characteristics on the plates of the fuel cell stack. The current distribution characteristics within the electrode or plate surface of the fuel cell stack refer to the distribution of the operating current (also called vertical current, which is the current generated or flowing over the area of ​​a sub-region, and its conduction direction is usually perpendicular to the electrode or plate plane) in different sub-regions within the electrode or plate surface of each cell in the stack. The lateral current on the plates of the fuel cell stack refers to the current conducted along the plate plane in each cell. There is a mutually correlated and characterizing correspondence between the operating current in different sub-regions within the cell surface and the corresponding lateral current on the plate. Specifically, when there is a difference in the distribution of operating current in the electrode surface of adjacent battery cells, it will directly lead to the generation of transverse current on the corresponding plate, and the change patterns of the two are consistent or synchronous; that is, the greater the difference in the current distribution in the electrode or plate surface of the two battery cells, the higher the value of the transverse current on the corresponding plate, and vice versa, the smaller the value of the transverse current, and the closer the equipotential characteristics of the plate are to the ideal state.

[0037] The performance evaluation scenarios for fuel cell stacks in this application include simulation calculation scenarios and product testing scenarios.

[0038] Among them, the simulation calculation scenario refers to the scenario in which the internal physical field of the fuel cell stack is virtually simulated and verified under different operating conditions by relying on multiphysics simulation models or hardware-in-the-loop simulation platforms during the fuel cell stack research and design stage. In this scenario, the current distribution and conduction characteristics on various structural planes such as electrodes and plates of the battery in the fuel cell stack can be conveniently and accurately obtained through various measurement devices and simulation methods.

[0039] Among them, the product testing scenario refers to the performance testing, consistency screening, quality spot checks or return-to-factory repairs carried out on the actual fuel cell stack after it comes off the production line. In such scenarios, it is not convenient to conduct simulation. The current distribution characteristics in the electrode or plate surface can be obtained (or approximately obtained) through a dedicated measuring device, and the transverse current characteristics on the plate can be obtained through a simple measuring method. This directly or indirectly characterizes the current distribution state in the battery surface, so as to meet the requirements of multi-scenario, high efficiency and low cost of industrial testing.

[0040] In one alternative implementation, the target evaluation scheme can be obtained in the following ways: If the performance evaluation scenario corresponding to the fuel cell stack is a simulation or theoretical calculation scenario, then the first evaluation scheme or the second evaluation scheme shall be used as the target evaluation scheme; if the performance evaluation scenario is a product test scenario, then the first evaluation scheme, the second evaluation scheme, or the third evaluation scheme shall be used as the target evaluation scheme.

[0041] S102, the reliability of the fuel cell stack is determined through the target evaluation scheme.

[0042] Once the target evaluation scheme is determined, the reliability of the fuel cell stack can be evaluated using the target evaluation scheme.

[0043] The reliability evaluation of fuel cell stacks in this application includes, but is not limited to: the definition of the concept of consistency of the overall operating state of each cell in the fuel cell stack (i.e., the consistency of the current distribution in the plane of each cell), the definition of the concept of local consistency in the fuel cell stack (i.e., the consistency and similarity between any cells), the evaluation of whether there are abnormalities in a single cell in the fuel cell stack, whether there are abnormalities in multiple cells, and the location of the abnormal cells.

[0044] In one optional implementation, the target evaluation scheme is the first evaluation scheme, and determining the reliability of the fuel cell stack using the target evaluation scheme includes the following steps: A1, for each cell in the fuel cell stack, the electrode or plate surface of the cell is divided into... The system divides the data into sub-regions and obtains the current in each of these sub-regions.

[0045] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fuel cell stack core provided for an embodiment of this application (only key power generation components and accessories are shown). Combined with... Figure 2 As shown, the fuel cell stack in this application is composed of multiple stacked individual cells. Each cell consists of upper and lower electrode plates (anode and cathode) and a membrane electrode assembly between them. Adjacent cells can share a single electrode plate (electrode plate 0 to electrode plate i+1), which serves as both the cathode of the upper cell and the anode of the lower cell, achieving both electrical series connection and distributing reaction gases to both cells through internal flow channels. The top and bottom of the stack are equipped with current collectors and end plates. The current collectors collect the series current from all individual cells and connect it to the load via an external circuit. The end plates provide the preload required for stacking to ensure structural stability. During operation, current flows in from the top current collector, sequentially through the electrode plates and electrodes of each cell, and finally exits from the bottom current collector to the load. The total output voltage of the stack is the sum of the voltages of all individual cells.

[0046] Figure 3The embodiments of this application provide a method for dividing the electrodes or plates of the cells in a fuel cell stack into A schematic diagram of each sub-region. Combined with... Figure 3 As shown in A1, each cell in the fuel cell stack is divided into its electrodes or plates. The sub-regions are: a grid-like partition from row 1, column 1 to row m, column n (denoted as...). , , , , and The operating current (i.e., the vertical current mentioned in the foregoing embodiments of this application) of each sub-region is obtained by means of partitioned current acquisition device (such as integrated array current sensor) or simulation computing domain mesh partitioning.

[0047] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the measurement results of the current in each sub-region within the electrode or plate surface of a battery in a fuel cell stack, obtained through measurement, as provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 4 The measured results of current density distribution in each measurement sub-region within a single battery cell are presented visually, with different colors representing different current density values. The current density value is calculated as: sub-region current ÷ sub-region area. For sub-regions with the same area, the current density value is equivalent to the current value. Figure 4 As can be seen, the right sub-region near the air inlet exhibits a significant high current density (red-orange), while the left sub-region near the hydrogen inlet shows a low current density (blue). This difference in distribution reflects the non-uniformity of the distribution of reactant gas flow rate, pressure, and coolant temperature within the surface. At the same time, the current density also shows a regular change along the gas flow direction (from inlet to outlet), further confirming the non-uniformity of the electrochemical reaction distribution within the battery electrode surface.

[0048] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the current distribution in each sub-region of the electrode or plate surface of a battery in a fuel cell stack, obtained through simulation calculation, as provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 5 The simulation calculations visually presented the continuous distribution characteristics of the current density (or current) within the battery electrode surface. The changes in color and contour lines reflected the current density from 75.00 mA cm⁻¹. -2 up to 150.00mA cm -2 The gradient change. Combined with Figure 5As shown, the right sub-region near the air inlet and hydrogen outlet exhibits a significantly high current density (red-orange), which is the most active sub-region in the electrochemical reaction; the left sub-region near the hydrogen inlet and air outlet has a low current density (blue-green), reflecting the influence of the supply of reactant gases and the discharge of products on the electrochemical reaction rate; the overall distribution shows a gradient along the gas flow direction, and the density of the contour lines reflects the drastic change in current density.

[0049] A2, based on each cell in the fuel cell stack... The current distribution consistency of each cell in the fuel cell stack is determined by the current in each sub-region, the total operating current of the fuel cell stack, and the first formula.

[0050] The current distribution of each cell in the fuel cell stack in this application is consistent, that is, the operating state of the cells in the stack is consistent.

[0051] Specifically, in obtaining the corresponding cells in each cell of the fuel cell stack After determining the current in each sub-region and the total operating current of the fuel cell stack, these values ​​are substituted into the first formula to obtain the consistency of current distribution among the cells within the fuel cell stack. The expression for the first formula is:

[0052] It ensures the consistency of current distribution among the cells within the fuel cell stack. This refers to the number of cells in the fuel cell stack. It is the total number of sub-regions within the surface of the battery electrode or plate; It is the first in the fuel cell stack One battery; It is the first sub-region within the surface of the battery electrode or plate. Sub-regions; It is the first The first battery The current in each sub-region; This is the total operating current; It is the first of all cells in the fuel cell stack. The average current of each sub-region.

[0053] A3. Based on the consistency of the current distribution, the reliability of the fuel cell stack is determined.

[0054] In an ideal, completely reliable fuel cell stack, the current distribution within each cell is highly consistent: that is, the current values ​​in corresponding sub-regions between any two cells in the stack are highly consistent.

[0055] Under this ideal condition, the current distribution consistency value calculated by the formula above will approach the ideal minimum value of 0 (A, ampere), that is, the operating state of each cell is highly similar, the state consistency is excellent, and the reliability of the stack is excellent.

[0056] As discussed above, we have already divided the battery surface (electrodes or plates) into multiple sub-regions ( Figure 3 ), obtain the current of each sub-region ( Figure 4 Actual measurement Figure 5 The simulation method was used to calculate the actual current distribution consistency. When the calculated distribution consistency is close to the ideal minimum value, it indicates that the actual state of the fuel cell stack is close to the ideal reliable state, the current distribution consistency of each cell is good, and the fuel cell stack is judged to have high operational reliability. Otherwise, it indicates that there is a problem of poor consistency among the cells in the stack, which will affect the stable operation of the stack, and therefore the fuel cell stack is judged to have low operational reliability.

[0057] In one optional implementation, the target evaluation scheme is the second evaluation scheme, and determining the reliability of the fuel cell stack through the target evaluation scheme includes: B1, for each cell in the fuel cell stack, the electrode or plate surface of the cell is divided into... The system identifies several sub-regions and obtains the operating current of each sub-region.

[0058] B2, for each cell in the fuel cell stack, the corresponding cell... The current in each sub-region is used as the region current dataset corresponding to the battery.

[0059] For the content in B1 and B2, please refer to the relevant description in A1. Using the method described in A1, the regional current dataset corresponding to each cell in the fuel cell stack can be obtained.

[0060] B3. For any two cells in the fuel cell stack, determine the similarity of cell states within the stack based on two sets of regional current datasets corresponding to the two cells.

[0061] For any two cells in a fuel cell stack, after obtaining two sets of regional current datasets corresponding to these two cells, any correlation coefficient method can be used to calculate the degree of correlation or correlation between the two sets of regional current datasets, and the calculated correlation result can be used as the cell state similarity.

[0062] For example, after obtaining the two sets of regional current datasets corresponding to the two batteries, the two sets of regional current datasets corresponding to the two batteries can be substituted into the second formula to obtain the battery state similarity.

[0063] Among them, the expression of the second formula is:

[0064] Among them, is the th sub-region in sub-regions; is the current of the th sub-region of the first battery in the two batteries; is the current of the th sub-region in the second battery in the two batteries; is the average value of the currents of each sub-region in the first battery; is the battery state similarity of the corresponding two batteries.

[0065] B4. Based on the battery state similarity, determine the reliability of the fuel cell stack.

[0066] After obtaining the battery similarity between the two batteries, the reliability of the fuel cell stack can be determined based on the battery state similarity, and at the same time, the battery cells with abnormal operating states can be identified.

[0067] The in-plane current distribution similarity of the two batteries is characterized by Combined with the preset thresholds P1 and P2, the battery state similarity and the correlation state of the stack reliability are determined in three levels: If < P1, it means that the in-plane current distribution similarity between the first battery and the second battery is low and the correlation is weak. At this time, a large transverse current will be generated along the plate or electrode plane direction in the corresponding plates or electrode surfaces of the two batteries. The physical states in the plane of the two batteries are significantly different, and the dynamic sensitivity and synchronization during the operation of the batteries are poor, and the state consistency is not good, which will affect the overall reliability of the stack; If P1 ≤ < P2, it means that the in-plane current distributions of the two batteries have medium similarity and correlation, and the state consistency of the two is at a medium level, and the impact on the stack reliability is relatively mild; If P2 ≤ ≤ 1, it means that the in-plane current distribution similarity of the two batteries is high and the correlation is strong. Their dynamic characteristics are similar, and the excellent state consistency is beneficial to improving the overall operation reliability of the stack.

[0068] Among them, P1 and P2 are preset correlation thresholds, which need to be comprehensively formulated based on different fuel cell stack product specifications, initial operating characteristics of the stack, target measured lifespan and cumulative operating time within the lifespan, to ensure that the judgment results are consistent with the actual operating requirements of the stack.

[0069] Compared with the evaluation schemes in A1-A3, the evaluation schemes shown in B1-B4 are more suitable for situations where the stability of a certain cell in a fuel cell stack is known to be excellent. In this case, by calculating the similarity of the in-plane current distribution between the cell with excellent stability and another cell, the operational stability of the other cell and its consistency with the state of the reference cell can be determined, thereby evaluating the local and even overall operational reliability of the stack.

[0070] In one optional implementation, the target evaluation scheme is the third evaluation scheme, and determining the reliability of the fuel cell stack through the target evaluation scheme includes: C1. For each cell in the fuel cell stack, multiple measurement points are preset on the corresponding two side plates of the cell (the location of the measurement points is not limited and can be located at the edge of the plate for non-destructive measurement). The transverse current value between each pair of measurement points on the plate of the cell is determined by the multiple measurement points on the plate of the cell.

[0071] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a structure for measuring the transverse current between sub-regions of an electrode, provided as an embodiment of this application. (Combined with...) Figure 6 As shown, for the electrode plates in a fuel cell stack, multiple measurement points A, B, C, D, etc. can be defined on the outer contour of the electrode plate (the number and location of measurement points are not limited, taking four measurement points as an example). There should be a certain distance between the measurement points to reduce the impact of measurement errors.

[0072] For example, the specific process of determining the value of the transverse current conducted along the plane of the electrode plate on the corresponding electrode plate of the battery cell by means of multiple measurement points on the electrode plate is as follows: First, at predetermined measurement points A, B, C, and D on the outer contour of the electrode, measure the in-plane lateral resistance between any two measurement points, and record it as . , , , , and .

[0073] Then, the fuel cell stack is operated under arbitrary load conditions, such as idle load, rated load, or peak load. At this time, for each electrode plate within the stack, the first... Taking a block plate as an example, the potential difference (including sign and direction of potential) between its preset measurement points A, B, C, and D is measured and denoted as... , , , , and .

[0074] Finally, according to Ohm's law, and combining the above-mentioned transverse resistance value and potential difference, calculate the transverse current value between any two measurement points (the positive and negative signs represent the current direction), denoted as . , , , , and .

[0075] C2, for the first in the fuel cell stack The battery has two sides. -1 electrode plate and the first Plate, based on the first -1 The lateral current value of the electrode plate and the first The magnitude and sign of the lateral current of the electrode plate are used to determine the first... Check if the target battery is abnormal. Combined with... Figure 7 As shown, if the serial number is Transverse current on the plate at -1 A (or < 0A, positive and negative only represent the direction of current, and can be arbitrarily defined), and the serial number is lateral current on the plates (>0A), then the first The battery is malfunctioning. The cause is that the current in reaction zone a is too low (or too high). The direct cause is insufficient gas supply or excessive dryness in the electrochemical reaction zone a (b). Insufficient gas supply can be caused by various factors, such as abnormal (high) flow resistance in the gas flow field of that zone, dryness, or water flooding. Figure 7 The first one shown Battery malfunction case.

[0076] For example, if the sequence number is Transverse current on the plate at -1 (<0A), and the sequence number is lateral current on the plates (>0A), then the first The battery is malfunctioning. The cause of the malfunction is that the current in reaction zone a is too low (or too high). The direct cause is that the electrochemical reaction in zone a is under-gasified or too dry (or the zone c is under-gasified or severely flooded).

[0077] For example, if the sequence number is Transverse current on the plate at -1 (<0A), and the sequence number is lateral current on the plates (>0A), then the first The battery is malfunctioning. The cause of the malfunction is that the current in reaction zone b is too low (or too high). The direct cause is excessive gas flow or severe water flooding in zone b (or insufficient gas or severe dryness in zone d).

[0078] Furthermore, through the above numerical analysis, the direction and magnitude of the transverse current flow between regions a, b, c, and d within the electrode (or plate) surface of the abnormal cell can be obtained. This allows us to determine the increase or decrease of the operating current in regions a, b, c, and d of this abnormal cell compared to the normal cells in adjacent cells. In other words, we can indirectly obtain the difference in current distribution within the electrode surface of normal and abnormal cells.

[0079] Compared to the currents in regions a, b, c, and d of a normal battery cell, the difference in current in region a of the electrode of an abnormal battery cell is: The current difference in region b of the abnormal battery cell is: The current difference in region c of the abnormal battery cell is: The current difference in region d of the abnormal battery cell is: The changes in current in regions a, b, c, and d above allow for an indirect comparative analysis of the in-plane current distribution between normal and abnormal battery cells. This enables the determination and identification of the changing trends and amounts of current distribution in the electrode surfaces of abnormal battery cells, without the need to measure the actual current distribution in each region of the abnormal battery.

[0080] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating how to identify differences in current distribution or relative distribution on the electrodes or plates of adjacent cells in a fuel cell stack through transverse current measurement, as provided in this application embodiment. (Combined with...) Figure 8 As shown, the current gradients in the four reaction zones (a, b, c, and d) of a normal battery are reasonable. Region a (air inlet side) exhibits high current characteristics, while region c (air outlet side) shows low current. It is worth noting that the current distribution of a single cell in a normal battery is not a necessary known quantity in this method. The current changes in regions a, b, c, and d within the surface of the abnormal battery are calculated. , , , By observing the changes in the in-plane current distribution of the abnormal battery compared to the normal battery, the trend and magnitude of these changes can be obtained. The abnormal battery exhibits obvious current distribution disorder: the current values ​​in regions a and d are significantly higher than those in the normal battery, while the current values ​​in regions b and c are abnormally lower. In other words, compared to the normal battery, the in-plane current of the abnormal battery shows a trend of converging towards regions a (air inlet) and d (hydrogen outlet). Based on this, the cause of the fault can be further determined: there is insufficient reactive gas (air) (e.g., low oxygen pressure, low oxygen flow rate, etc.) or water flooding in regions b and c corresponding to the hydrogen inlet and air outlet of the abnormal battery, resulting in overcompensatory high current in regions a and d, reflecting an imbalance between gas distribution and electrochemical reaction.

[0081] In one optional implementation, the target evaluation scheme is the third evaluation scheme, and determining the reliability of the fuel cell stack through the target evaluation scheme includes the following steps: D1. For each cell in the fuel cell stack, multiple measurement points are preset on the corresponding two side plates of the cell (the location of the measurement points is not limited and can be located at the edge of the plate). The transverse current value between each pair of measurement points on the plate of the cell is determined by the multiple measurement points on the plate of the cell.

[0082] The transverse current values ​​between each pair of measurement points on the battery plates in this application are the current values ​​conducted along the plane of the plates.

[0083] This content is described in section C1 and will not be repeated here.

[0084] D2, for multiple consecutive electrode plates in the fuel cell stack, if the multiple lateral current values ​​(absolute values) corresponding to the multiple electrode plates are all greater than the corresponding lateral current values ​​(absolute values) on other electrode plates, and the algebraic sum of the multiple lateral current values ​​corresponding to the multiple electrode plates is equal to 0A (theoretically) or less than a preset target threshold (in actual operation, due to various influencing factors, the algebraic sum may not be strictly equal to or close to 0A, so a target threshold can be set), then it is determined that the multiple consecutive cells corresponding to the multiple electrode plates are in an abnormal state.

[0085] Transverse current on the plates For example, in a fuel cell stack, if there is a transverse current on multiple consecutive electrode plates... A, and specifically for these plates. or If the algebraic sum of the multiple transverse currents corresponding to multiple plates is equal to 0 (theoretically) or less than the preset target threshold, then it is determined that the condition of multiple consecutive battery cells is abnormal and the consistency of the battery stack is poor, and maintenance and troubleshooting are recommended.

[0086] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an anomaly in multiple cells of a fuel cell stack, as provided in an embodiment of this application. (Combined with...) Figure 9 As shown, due to the battery and batteries +1 corresponds to the three plates (plates) -1. Electrode Plate Electrode plate There is a transverse current on +1). Furthermore, the transverse currents of the three types have both positive and negative directions, and their amplitudes are similar. If it is approximately 0, then the battery is determined. and batteries +1 indicates an abnormal battery pack, meaning that the two batteries are operating out of sync and the stack consistency is poor, requiring maintenance and troubleshooting.

[0087] In one optional implementation, the target evaluation scheme is the third evaluation scheme, and determining the reliability of the fuel cell stack through the target evaluation scheme includes the following steps: F1, obtain the transverse current between each pair of regions on each divided area of ​​each electrode plate in the fuel cell stack.

[0088] For example, the transverse current between each pair of regions on each divided region of each electrode plate in the fuel cell stack is obtained by the measurement method shown in C1.

[0089] In the subsequent calculations of the normal distribution, the plates in the fuel cell stack will be considered. The transverse current flowing from region a to region b is expressed as: (Example, can be defined) A positive value indicates flow from a to b, a negative value indicates flow from b to a, and vice versa; the same applies to other regions. This indicates the battery's serial number.

[0090] F2, based on the transverse current between each pair of regions on each of the divided regions of the fuel cell stack, determines the normal distribution function of the transverse current on each cell of the fuel cell stack.

[0091] After obtaining the transverse current between each pair of regions on each plate of the fuel cell stack, the above data is calculated using a normal distribution to obtain the normal distribution function corresponding to the fuel cell stack.

[0092] The expression for the normal distribution function of the lateral current on each cell in a fuel cell stack is as follows:

[0093] in, Represents the normal distribution function; Indicates the electrode plates in the fuel cell stack The transverse current conducted from region a to region b; This represents the average value of the transverse current conducted from region a to region b on all plates in the fuel cell stack. R is the standard deviation of the transverse currents on all plates; R is the set of real numbers.

[0094] After processing the normal distribution function corresponding to the above fuel cell stack, the standardized data is obtained, which satisfies the standard normal distribution as follows:

[0095] For a normal distribution, the area under the curve with a mean distance of ±1 standard deviation is 68.27%; the area with a mean distance of ±2 standard deviations is 95.45%; and the area with a mean distance of ±3 standard deviations is 99.73%.

[0096] For a standard normal distribution, the area under the curve in the range of -1.96 to +1.96 is 0.9500; and the area under the curve in the range of -2.58 to +2.58 is 0.9900.

[0097] F3, based on the normal distribution function and the preset confidence interval, determines the number of battery cells in the fuel cell stack that are in an outlier state.

[0098] After obtaining the normal distribution function, a suitable confidence interval is first selected based on actual needs such as the total operating life of the fuel cell stack and the performance degradation trend. For example, for newly manufactured fuel cell stack products, a 99% confidence interval (-2.58 to +2.58) can be selected. Then, the standardized transverse current value of each electrode is compared with the confidence interval to identify the electrode serial number that falls outside the interval. -1 and It can be determined that the battery If a cell is operating out of order, it needs to be troubleshooted or repaired. If the standardized lateral current values ​​of multiple consecutive plates fall outside the confidence interval, then the cells corresponding to these plates are considered to be operating out of order, and troubleshooting or repair is required for these cells. For example, if the plates... -1、 and If the standardized transverse current value of +1 falls outside the confidence interval, then the battery is considered to be... and batteries +1 If two batteries malfunction consecutively, they should be analyzed and investigated.

[0099] In summary, based on an in-depth analysis of existing technologies and research on the current distribution within the cell surfaces and the equipotential characteristics of the electrode plates in a fuel cell stack, this application provides a method for evaluating the operational reliability of a fuel cell, including: determining a target evaluation scheme; and determining the operational reliability of the fuel cell stack through the target evaluation scheme. Since the evaluation scheme is generated based on the current distribution characteristics within the cell electrode surfaces or electrode plates in the fuel cell stack, it overcomes the inherent limitations of existing evaluation methods based on the measured voltage of each cell (or the voltage of each cell measured by a voltage monitoring device). Starting from the core characteristic of current distribution, which more directly reflects the electrochemical reaction, it accurately captures the actual operating state and consistency differences of each cell, thereby establishing a fuel cell operational reliability and consistency evaluation system that is more closely aligned with the actual operating conditions of the stack and possesses high reliability and physical connotation.

[0100] This application addresses key issues related to the operational reliability of fuel cell stacks by redefining the concept of fuel cell stack consistency. It is applicable to the quantitative characterization of the operational consistency of each cell within a fuel cell stack under any condition, scenario, and lifespan. Furthermore, this application enables rapid assessment of abnormal cell failures within the fuel cell stack, providing a fast and effective evaluation and analysis method for abnormal cell operating characteristics. This enhances our understanding of stack operational reliability, external stack characteristics, and the interaction patterns between cells within the stack, significantly contributing to improving the reliability and durability of fuel cells throughout their entire lifecycle.

[0101] Furthermore, this application provides a fuel cell operation reliability evaluation device. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell operation reliability evaluation device provided in an embodiment of this application. (Combined with...) Figure 10 As shown, the fuel cell operation reliability evaluation device 100 provided in this application includes: The evaluation scheme determination module 1001 is used to obtain a target evaluation scheme; the target evaluation scheme is one of a first evaluation scheme, a second evaluation scheme, and a third evaluation scheme; the first evaluation scheme is generated based on the current distribution characteristics within the battery electrodes or plate surfaces in the fuel cell stack; the second evaluation scheme is generated based on the current distribution characteristics within the battery electrodes or plate surfaces in the fuel cell stack; and the third evaluation scheme is generated based on the lateral current characteristics on the plates in the fuel cell stack. The reliability determination module 1002 is used to determine the operational reliability of the fuel cell stack through the target evaluation scheme.

[0102] In one alternative implementation, the evaluation scheme determination module 1001 includes: The first target evaluation scheme determination submodule is used to determine the first evaluation scheme or the second evaluation scheme as the target evaluation scheme if the performance evaluation scenario corresponding to the fuel cell stack is a simulation or theoretical calculation scenario. The second target evaluation scheme determination submodule is used to determine the first evaluation scheme, the second evaluation scheme, or the third evaluation scheme as the target evaluation scheme if the performance evaluation scenario is a product testing scenario.

[0103] In one alternative implementation, the reliability determination module 1002 includes: The first current acquisition unit is used to divide the electrode or plate surface of each cell in the fuel cell stack into sections. Each sub-region is used to acquire the current generated in or flowing through each sub-region; The first similarity calculation unit is used to determine the consistency of current distribution among cells in the fuel cell stack based on the current of y sub-regions corresponding to each cell in the fuel cell stack, the total operating current of the fuel cell stack, and a first formula; the expression of the first formula is:

[0104] in, It ensures the consistency of current distribution among the cells within the fuel cell stack. This refers to the number of cells in the fuel cell stack. It is the total number of sub-regions within the surface of the battery electrode or plate; It is the first in the fuel cell stack One battery; It is the first sub-region within the surface of the battery electrode or plate. Sub-regions; It is the first The first battery The current in each sub-region; This is the total operating current; It is the first of all cells in the fuel cell stack. The average current of each sub-region; The first reliability determination unit is used to determine the reliability of the fuel cell stack based on the consistency of the current distribution.

[0105] In one alternative implementation, the reliability determination module 1002 includes: The second current acquisition unit is used to divide the electrode or plate surface of each cell in the fuel cell stack into sections. Each sub-region is analyzed, and the current in each sub-region is obtained. The current dataset determination unit is used to determine the current dataset for each cell in the fuel cell stack. The current in each sub-region is used as the region current dataset corresponding to the battery. The second similarity determination unit is used to determine the similarity of battery states within the fuel cell stack for any two cells based on two sets of regional current datasets corresponding to the two cells. The second reliability determination unit is used to determine the reliability of the fuel cell stack based on the similarity of the battery state.

[0106] In one alternative implementation, the second similarity determination unit includes: The second similarity determination subunit is used to determine the battery state similarity between the two batteries based on two sets of regional current datasets corresponding to the two batteries and a second formula; wherein, the expression of the second formula is:

[0107] in, yes The first sub-region Sub-regions; It is the first of the two batteries. The current in each sub-region; It is the second battery in the two batteries. The current in each sub-region; It is the average current of each sub-region in the first battery; It is the average current of each sub-region in the second battery; It is the battery state similarity between the two batteries.

[0108] In one alternative implementation, the reliability determination module 1002 includes: The first transverse current value determination unit is used to pre-set multiple measurement points on the corresponding two side plates of each cell in the fuel cell stack, and determine the transverse current value between each pair of measurement points on the plate of the cell through the multiple measurement points on the plate of the cell. The third reliability determination unit, for the first in the fuel cell stack The battery has two sides. -1 electrode plate and the first Plate, based on the first -1 The transverse current of the electrode plate and the first The magnitude and sign of the lateral current of the electrode plate are used to determine the first... Check if the target battery is abnormal.

[0109] In one alternative implementation, the reliability determination module 1002 includes: The second transverse current value determination unit is used to pre-set multiple measurement points on the corresponding two side plates of each cell in the fuel cell stack, and determine the transverse current value between each pair of measurement points on the plate of the cell through the multiple measurement points on the plate of the cell. The fourth reliability determination unit is used to determine that the multiple consecutive cells corresponding to the multiple electrode plates in the fuel cell stack are in an abnormal state if the multiple lateral current values ​​corresponding to the multiple electrode plates are all greater than the corresponding lateral current values ​​on other electrode plates, and the algebraic sum of the multiple lateral current values ​​corresponding to the multiple electrode plates is equal to 0 or less than a preset target threshold.

[0110] In one alternative implementation, the reliability determination module 1002 includes: The third transverse current value determination unit is used to obtain the transverse current between each pair of regions on each divided region of each electrode plate in the fuel cell stack. The normal distribution function determination unit is used to determine the normal distribution function of the transverse current on each cell of the fuel cell stack based on the transverse current between each pair of regions on each divided region of each electrode plate in the fuel cell stack. The fifth reliability determination unit is used to determine the location or number of cells in the fuel cell stack that are out of the loop, based on the normal distribution function and a preset confidence interval.

[0111] Based on the fuel cell operation reliability evaluation method and apparatus provided in the foregoing embodiments, this application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements some or all of the steps in the fuel cell operation reliability evaluation method mentioned above.

[0112] Based on the fuel cell operation reliability evaluation method and apparatus provided in the foregoing embodiments, this application also provides an electronic device, including: A memory on which computer programs are stored; A processor is configured to execute the computer program in the memory to implement some or all of the steps in the fuel cell operation reliability evaluation method provided in the foregoing embodiments.

[0113] It should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to mutually. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. In particular, for the device embodiments, since they are basically similar to the method embodiments, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the description of the method embodiments. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components indicated as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment solution according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without creative effort.

[0114] The above description is merely one specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the operational reliability of a fuel cell, characterized in that, include: Obtain the target evaluation scheme; The target evaluation scheme is one of the first evaluation scheme, the second evaluation scheme, and the third evaluation scheme; The first evaluation scheme is generated based on the current distribution characteristics within the battery electrodes or plate surfaces in the fuel cell stack; the second evaluation scheme is generated based on the current distribution characteristics within the battery electrodes or plate surfaces in the fuel cell stack; and the third evaluation scheme is generated based on the lateral current characteristics on the plates in the fuel cell stack. The operational reliability of the fuel cell stack is determined using the target evaluation scheme.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The target evaluation scheme includes: If the performance evaluation scenario corresponding to the fuel cell stack is a simulation or theoretical calculation scenario, then the first evaluation scheme or the second evaluation scheme shall be used as the target evaluation scheme. If the performance evaluation scenario is a product testing scenario, then the first evaluation scheme, the second evaluation scheme, or the third evaluation scheme shall be used as the target evaluation scheme.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The target evaluation scheme is the first evaluation scheme, and determining the operational reliability of the fuel cell stack through the target evaluation scheme includes: For each cell in the fuel cell stack, the electrode or plate surface of the cell is divided into... Each sub-region is defined, and the current generated in or flowing through each sub-region is acquired; Based on each cell in the fuel cell stack The current in each sub-region, the total operating current of the fuel cell stack, and the first formula are used to determine the consistency of current distribution in each cell of the fuel cell stack; the expression of the first formula is: in, This refers to the consistency of current distribution among the cells within the fuel cell stack. This refers to the number of cells in the fuel cell stack. It is the total number of sub-regions within the surface of the battery electrode or plate; It is the first in the fuel cell stack One battery; It is the first sub-region within the surface of the battery electrode or plate. Sub-regions; It is the first The first battery The current in each sub-region; This is the total operating current; It is the first of all cells in the fuel cell stack. The average current of each sub-region; The operational reliability of the fuel cell stack is determined based on the consistency of the current distribution.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The target evaluation scheme is the second evaluation scheme, and determining the operational reliability of the fuel cell stack through the target evaluation scheme includes: For each cell in the fuel cell stack, the electrode or plate surface of the cell is divided into... Each sub-region is divided into sub-regions, and the current in each sub-region is obtained; For each cell in the fuel cell stack, the corresponding cell... The current in each sub-region is used as the region current dataset corresponding to the battery. For any two cells in the fuel cell stack, the similarity of cell states within the stack is determined based on two sets of regional current datasets corresponding to the two cells. The reliability of the fuel cell stack is determined based on the similarity of the battery states.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The determination of battery state similarity within the stack based on two sets of regional current datasets corresponding to the two battery cells includes: Based on the two sets of regional current datasets corresponding to the two batteries and the second formula, the battery state similarity corresponding to the two batteries is determined; wherein, the expression of the second formula is: in, yes The first sub-region Sub-regions; It is the first of the two batteries. The current in each sub-region; It is the second battery in the two batteries. The current in each sub-region; It is the average current of each sub-region in the first battery; It is the average current of each sub-region in the second battery; It is the battery state similarity between the two batteries.

6. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The operational reliability of the fuel cell stack includes identifying cells within the fuel cell stack that are malfunctioning. The target evaluation scheme is the third evaluation scheme, and determining the operational reliability of the fuel cell stack through the target evaluation scheme includes: For each cell in the fuel cell stack, multiple measurement points are preset on the corresponding two side plates of the cell, and the transverse current value between each pair of measurement points on the cell plate is determined by the multiple measurement points on the cell plate. For the first in the fuel cell stack The battery has two sides. -1 electrode plate and the first Plate, based on the first -1 The lateral current value of the electrode plate and the first The magnitude and sign of the lateral current of the electrode plate are used to determine the first... Check if the target battery is abnormal.

7. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The operational reliability of the fuel cell stack includes identifying cells within the fuel cell stack that are malfunctioning. The target evaluation scheme is the third evaluation scheme, and determining the operational reliability of the fuel cell stack through the target evaluation scheme includes: For each cell in the fuel cell stack, multiple measurement points are preset on the corresponding two side plates of the cell, and the transverse current value between each pair of measurement points on the cell plate is determined by the multiple measurement points on the cell plate. For multiple consecutive electrode plates in the fuel cell stack, if the values ​​of multiple transverse currents corresponding to the multiple electrode plates are all greater than the values ​​of the transverse currents corresponding to other electrode plates, and the algebraic sum of the multiple transverse currents corresponding to the multiple electrode plates is equal to 0 or less than a preset target threshold, then it is determined that the multiple consecutive cells corresponding to the multiple electrode plates are in an abnormal state.

8. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The operational reliability of the fuel cell stack includes identifying cells within the fuel cell stack that are malfunctioning. The target evaluation scheme is the third evaluation scheme, and determining the operational reliability of the fuel cell stack through the target evaluation scheme includes: Obtain the transverse current between each pair of regions on each divided region of each electrode plate in the fuel cell stack; Based on the transverse current between each pair of regions on each of the divided regions on each of the electrode plates in the fuel cell stack, the normal distribution function of the transverse current on each cell in the fuel cell stack is determined. Based on the normal distribution function and the preset confidence interval, the location or number of cells in the fuel cell stack that are out of the loop is determined.

9. A fuel cell operation reliability evaluation device, characterized in that, The device includes: An evaluation scheme determination module is used to obtain a target evaluation scheme; the target evaluation scheme is one of a first evaluation scheme, a second evaluation scheme, and a third evaluation scheme; the first evaluation scheme is generated based on the current distribution characteristics within the battery electrodes or plate surfaces in the fuel cell stack; the second evaluation scheme is generated based on the current distribution characteristics within the battery electrodes or plate surfaces in the fuel cell stack; and the third evaluation scheme is generated based on the lateral current characteristics on the plates in the fuel cell stack. The reliability determination module is used to determine the operational reliability of the fuel cell stack through the target evaluation scheme.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When executed by a processor, the program implements the steps of the method described in any one of claims 1-8.

11. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: A memory on which computer programs are stored; A processor for executing the computer program in the memory to implement the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1-8.

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