Battery box circulating cooling system and working method

Abstract

This invention discloses a battery box circulating cooling system, including a battery box. Several cylindrical battery cells are arranged in a rectangular array within a battery cavity inside the battery box, and each cylindrical battery cell is immersed in a liquid heat exchange medium within the battery cavity. Within the battery cavity, a heat exchange medium cavity filled with liquid heat exchange medium is formed within the enclosed area of ​​any four adjacent rectangularly distributed cylindrical battery cells. The upper or lower end of each heat exchange medium cavity is connected to the upper and lower spaces of the battery cavity. Each heat exchange medium cavity is provided with a vertical phase change structure, effectively improving cooling uniformity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of batteries. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of electric vehicles and energy storage systems, battery energy density and charging / discharging power are constantly increasing, and battery thermal management has become a key factor affecting system safety, lifespan and performance.

[0003] Traditional battery cooling systems are mainly divided into two categories: air cooling and liquid cooling. Air cooling has a simple structure but low heat dissipation efficiency, making it difficult to meet the demands of high-power operation. Liquid cooling systems typically use a tortuous flow channel cooling plate, with a water pump driving the coolant to circulate and remove heat.

[0004] However, this flow channel structure causes the coolant to gradually absorb heat and rise in temperature along the flow direction, resulting in a significant temperature difference between the battery at the inlet and outlet of the flow channel, and the problem of heat absorption attenuation along the flow path occurs; at the same time, it is difficult to make the flow channel layout completely uniform, which can easily form flow dead zones and cause local overheating.

[0005] Furthermore, traditional liquid cooling systems rely on continuous operation of water pumps, requiring circulation even in the initial stages when battery heat generation is relatively low, resulting in high energy consumption. To improve cooling performance, some solutions introduce phase change materials for passive heat dissipation; however, if the phase change material cannot recover its cooling capacity in time after absorbing heat to saturation, it will lose its cooling ability. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a battery box circulating cooling system and working method, which effectively improves the cooling uniformity.

[0007] Technical solution: To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a battery box circulating cooling system, comprising a battery box, wherein a plurality of cylindrical battery cells are arranged in a rectangular array in the battery cavity of the battery box, and each cylindrical battery cell is immersed in a liquid heat exchange medium in the battery cavity; within the battery cavity, a heat exchange medium cavity filled with liquid heat exchange medium is formed within the enclosed area of ​​any four adjacent rectangularly distributed cylindrical battery cells, and the upper or lower end of each heat exchange medium cavity is connected to the upper and lower end spaces of the battery cavity, and a vertical phase change structure is provided in each heat exchange medium cavity.

[0008] Furthermore, the phase change structure has a circular outline when viewed from above.

[0009] Furthermore, it also includes a heat exchanger and an integrated driver; the heat exchanger includes heat exchange tubes, and in the working state, the heat exchange medium in the heat exchanger can continuously absorb heat from the heat exchange tubes; the battery cavity is connected to one end of liquid guide tube a and liquid guide tube b; the other end of liquid guide tube a is connected to one end of the heat exchange tube in the heat exchanger, and the other end of the heat exchange tube is connected to the liquid inlet of the integrated driver through liquid guide tube c, and the liquid outlet of the integrated driver is connected to the other end of liquid guide tube b.

[0010] Furthermore, one-way valves a and b are respectively installed in liquid guide tube a and b; one-way valve a only allows the liquid heat exchange medium in the battery cavity to flow out through liquid guide tube a; one-way valve b only allows the liquid in liquid guide tube b to flow into the battery cavity.

[0011] Furthermore, an air gap is provided inside the bottom wall of the battery box; the phase change structure includes a rigid shell in the shape of a vertical shuttle, the rigid shell being made of a thermally conductive metal material; the sealed space inside the rigid shell is filled with phase change material; the lower end of the rigid shell is fixedly supported and connected to the bottom wall by a fixing post; a ring wall is coaxially provided outside the fixing post, forming an air guiding ring groove between the ring wall and the fixing post; the air guiding ring groove is connected to the air gap through several air guiding channels on the bottom wall; a non-adhesive elastic outer skin is provided outside the rigid shell, the elastic outer skin being made of elastic rubber, silicone, or other elastic sealing materials, and a notch is provided at the lower end of the elastic outer skin, through which the fixing post passes, and the elastic outer skin... The notch at one end is fixedly sealed along the contour of the upper end of the connecting ring wall, thereby connecting the notch at the lower end of the elastic outer skin to the air guide ring groove; the integrated actuator includes an actuator housing, inside which a horizontal elastic diaphragm is provided, the elastic diaphragm dividing the inner cavity of the actuator housing into an upper heat exchange medium cavity and a lower air chamber; the upper heat exchange medium cavity is filled with heat exchange medium, and both b and c liquid guide pipes are connected to the upper heat exchange medium cavity, and the lower air chamber is connected to the air jacket through an air guide pipe; an electric reciprocating telescopic device is coaxially fixedly installed on the inner side of the upper wall of the actuator housing, and the end of the telescopic part of the electric reciprocating telescopic device is fixedly connected to the center of the elastic diaphragm through a displacement plate.

[0012] Furthermore, in the initial state, the elastic outer skin of each phase change structure inside the battery box is attached to the outside of the rigid shell, and there is no air layer between the elastic outer skin and the rigid shell to hinder heat transfer.

[0013] Furthermore, the working method of the battery box circulating cooling system:

[0014] After all phase change materials within each phase change structure have completed their phase change, if each cylindrical battery cell continues to operate at high power and release heat, the liquid cooling cycle system is immediately activated. Any execution cycle of the liquid cooling cycle system is as follows:

[0015] S1: The electric reciprocating expansion joint drives the displacement disk to move downward, and the elastic diaphragm follows the displacement disk to fluctuate downward, thereby increasing the volume of the upper heat exchange medium cavity and decreasing the volume of the lower air chamber.

[0016] S2: The electric reciprocating expansion joint drives the displacement disk to move upward, and the elastic diaphragm follows the displacement disk to fluctuate upward to the initial position, thereby increasing the volume of the upper heat exchange medium cavity to the initial volume and decreasing the volume of the lower air chamber to the initial volume.

[0017] Beneficial effects: This invention achieves intelligent switching and efficient operation of passive phase change cooling and active liquid cooling cycle through the synergistic design of phase change structure and integrated actuator.

[0018] The phase change structure employs a rigid shell encasing the phase change material, covered by an elastic outer skin. Initially, the elastic outer skin adheres to the rigid shell, achieving efficient heat conduction. The high latent heat of the phase change material absorbs battery heat, achieving passive cooling. Once the phase change material has completely melted, the system initiates a liquid cooling cycle. The integrated actuator drives the elastic diaphragm to reciprocate via an electric reciprocating telescoping mechanism, simultaneously generating negative pressure suction and positive pressure venting. Negative pressure is transmitted through pipes to the battery cavity, causing liquid to flow out, while positive pressure is transmitted through the air channel to the inside of the elastic outer skin, causing it to bulge outwards and occupy the heat exchange medium cavity space. The combination of these two forces the hot liquid out and pushes it to the heat exchanger for cooling. Subsequently, the elastic outer skin contracts and returns to its original position, and the cooled liquid synchronously refills the heat exchange medium cavities.

[0019] The pulsating circulation method enables all heat exchange medium cavities to complete drainage and injection synchronously within the same cycle, eliminating the flow dead zone and temperature difference along the flow path problems of traditional flow channel cooling.

[0020] The integrated actuator combines liquid drive and pneumatic control functions, featuring a compact structure and eliminating the need for an external water pump. The entire system reduces the frequency of liquid-cooled start-up through the passive heat absorption phase of the phase change material, achieving energy-saving operation. After liquid-cooled start-up, it ensures uniform cooling of each battery cell, significantly improving battery pack temperature consistency and thermal management efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall plan;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a sectional view of the battery compartment;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the battery box cut open and all cylindrical battery cells hidden.

[0024] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A sectional view;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the initial state of a single phase change structure.

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the elastic outer skin of a single phase change structure after expansion. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] like Figures 1 to 6The battery box circulating cooling system shown includes a battery box 4, a heat exchanger 1, and a comprehensive driver 90. The heat exchanger 1 includes heat exchange tubes 2. During operation, the heat exchange medium within the heat exchanger 1 continuously absorbs heat from the heat exchange tubes 2. This heat exchange medium is typically a liquid with high specific heat capacity, such as a mixture of water and ethylene glycol, possessing excellent thermal conductivity and thermal stability, and can efficiently absorb the heat transferred by the heat exchange tubes 2. Within the battery box 4, a plurality of cylindrical battery cells 16 are arranged in a rectangular array in a battery cavity 17, and each cylindrical battery cell 16 is immersed in the liquid heat exchange medium within the battery cavity 17. The liquid heat exchange medium is in direct contact with the battery cells, enabling rapid heat exchange and providing electrical insulation to ensure battery safety.

[0029] The two ends of the battery cavity 17 are respectively connected to one end of liquid guide pipe a 5 and liquid guide pipe b 8; the other end of liquid guide pipe a 5 is connected to one end of heat exchange tube 2 in heat exchanger 1, and the other end of heat exchange tube 2 is connected to the liquid inlet of integrated driver 90 through liquid guide pipe c 3, and the liquid outlet of integrated driver 90 is connected to the other end of liquid guide pipe b 8; one-way valve a 6 and one-way valve b 7 are respectively installed in liquid guide pipe a 5 and liquid guide pipe b 8; one-way valve a 6 only allows the liquid heat exchange medium in the battery cavity 17 to flow out through liquid guide pipe a 5; one-way valve b 7 only allows the liquid in liquid guide pipe b 8 to flow into the battery cavity 17; an air jacket 23 is provided in the bottom wall 24 of the battery box 4. The air jacket 23 serves as a heat insulation layer to reduce heat exchange between the bottom of the battery box and the outside environment, and also serves as part of the air guide channel to transmit air pressure changes.

[0030] Within the battery cavity 17, a heat exchange medium cavity 17a filled with liquid heat exchange medium is formed within the enclosed area of ​​any four adjacent rectangularly distributed cylindrical battery cells 16. The upper or lower end of each heat exchange medium cavity 17a is connected to the upper and lower spaces of the battery cavity 17. Each heat exchange medium cavity 17a contains a vertical phase change structure 18 with a circular outline when viewed from above. These heat exchange medium cavities 17a form local heat accumulation zones, and the phase change structure 18 placed within them can efficiently absorb heat.

[0031] The phase change structure 18 includes a rigid shell 25a in a vertical spindle shape. The rigid shell 25a is made of a thermally conductive metal material, such as aluminum alloy or copper, which has a high thermal conductivity and can quickly transfer heat to the internal phase change material. The sealed space inside the rigid shell 25a is filled with phase change material 25, which can be paraffin or hydrated salt, etc., and has a high latent heat of phase change, which can absorb a large amount of heat at a constant temperature, thereby achieving efficient passive cooling. The lower end of the rigid shell 25a is fixedly supported and connected to the bottom wall 24 by a fixing column 20. A ring wall 19 is coaxially arranged outside the fixing column 20, and an air guiding ring groove 22 is formed between the ring wall 19 and the fixing column 20. The air guiding ring groove 22 serves as an airflow channel to ensure that the air pressure can be evenly transmitted to the interior of the elastic outer skin 26.

[0032] The air guide ring groove 22 is connected to the air interlayer 23 through several air guide channels 21 on the bottom wall 24; the rigid shell 25a is non-adhesively covered with an elastic outer skin 26, such as Figure 5 As shown, the elastic outer skin 26 is made of elastic sealing materials such as elastic rubber and silicone. These materials have good elasticity and temperature resistance, can deform under air pressure, and have excellent sealing performance.

[0033] The lower end of the elastic outer skin 26 has a notch 26a, through which the fixing post 20 passes. The notch 26a at the lower end of the elastic outer skin 26 is fixedly and sealed to the upper end of the ring wall 19 along the contour, thereby connecting the notch 26a at the lower end of the elastic outer skin 26 to the air guide ring groove 22. In this way, the air pressure change of the lower air chamber 15 can be transmitted to the space between the elastic outer skin 26 and the rigid shell 25a through the air guide pipe 10, the air interlayer 23, the air guide channel 21, and the air guide ring groove 22.

[0034] The integrated actuator 90 includes an actuator housing 9, within which a horizontal elastic diaphragm 13 is disposed. The elastic diaphragm 13 divides the inner cavity of the actuator housing 9 into an upper heat exchange medium chamber 12 and a lower air chamber 15. The elastic diaphragm 13 is typically made of corrosion-resistant rubber or polymer material, possessing good elasticity and sealing properties, and can deform as the displacement disk 14 moves. The upper heat exchange medium chamber 12 is filled with heat exchange medium. Both the b-channel liquid guide pipe 8 and the c-channel liquid guide pipe 3 are connected to the upper heat exchange medium chamber 12. The lower air chamber 15 is connected to an air jacket 23 via an air guide pipe 10. An electrically reciprocating telescopic device 11 is coaxially fixedly mounted on the inner side of the upper wall of the actuator housing 9. The telescopic end of the electrically reciprocating telescopic device 11 is fixedly connected to the center of the elastic diaphragm 13 via the displacement disk 14. The electrically reciprocating telescopic device 11 can be a linear motor or an electric actuator rod, capable of precisely controlling the reciprocating motion of the displacement disk 14.

[0035] Working principle:

[0036] This design establishes the following unidirectional closed-loop liquid heat exchange medium circulation path: Battery chamber 17 within battery box 4 → a. Liquid guide pipe 5 → Heat exchange tube 2 within heat exchanger 1 → c. Liquid guide pipe 3 → Upper heat exchange medium chamber 12 within integrated driver 90 → b. Liquid guide pipe 8 → Battery chamber 17 within battery box 4. This path uses a one-way valve to control the flow direction, ensuring unidirectional liquid flow and preventing a decrease in cooling efficiency due to backflow.

[0037] In the initial state, the battery box 4 is in a dormant or low-power operation. At this time, the elastic skin 26 of each phase change structure 18 in the battery box 4 is attached to the outside of the rigid shell 25a for heat transfer. There is no air layer between the elastic skin 26 and the rigid shell 25a that hinders heat transfer. Since the elastic skin 26 is attached to the surface of the rigid shell 25a by elastic contraction in its natural state, the two are in close contact and the thermal resistance is small.

[0038] When the cylindrical battery cells 16 inside the battery box 4 are operating at high power and generating heat, the heat from the cylindrical battery cells 16 is conducted to each heat exchange medium cavity 17a, causing each heat exchange medium cavity 17a to gradually heat up. Since there is no air layer between the elastic outer skin 26 and the rigid shell 25a of the phase change structure 18 inside the heat exchange medium cavity 17a at this time, the heat of the liquid heat exchange medium inside the heat exchange medium cavity 17a is efficiently conducted to the phase change material 25 inside the rigid shell 25a through the elastic outer skin 26 and the rigid shell 25a. Subsequently, the phase change material 25 inside the rigid shell 25a undergoes a phase change and efficiently absorbs heat after reaching the phase change temperature, thereby rapidly cooling the liquid heat exchange medium inside each heat exchange medium cavity 17a, thus achieving efficient cooling of each cylindrical battery cell 16 in the heated state. The above stage can continuously reduce the temperature of each cylindrical battery cell 16 in the working state before the liquid cooling circulation system is started, thereby achieving the purpose of energy saving. Phase change material 25 absorbs a large amount of latent heat during the phase change process, while the temperature remains almost unchanged, thus effectively suppressing the temperature rise of the battery. This passive cooling method requires no additional energy consumption, improving the energy efficiency of the system.

[0039] As time progresses, after the phase change materials 25 within each phase change structure 18 have completed their phase change, their heat absorption capacity rapidly decreases. If the cylindrical battery cells 16 continue to operate at high power and release heat at this point, the liquid cooling cycle system is immediately activated. If the phase change materials have completely melted and continue to generate heat, an active liquid cooling cycle must be initiated to remove the heat. Any execution cycle of the liquid cooling cycle system is as follows:

[0040] S1: The electric reciprocating telescoping device 11 drives the displacement disk 14 to move downward, and the elastic diaphragm 13 follows the displacement disk 14 to fluctuate downward, thereby increasing the volume of the upper heat exchange medium cavity 12 and decreasing the volume of the lower air chamber 15.

[0041] When the volume of the upper heat exchange medium cavity 12 increases, a negative pressure is generated. The negative pressure in the upper heat exchange medium cavity 12 is conducted sequentially through the c liquid guide pipe 3, the heat exchange pipe 2 and the a liquid guide pipe 5 to each heat exchange medium cavity 17a in the battery cavity 17, thereby forming a negative pressure in each heat exchange medium cavity 17a. The negative pressure helps to attract liquid to flow out of the heat exchange medium cavity 17a, and at the same time promotes the expansion of the elastic outer skin.

[0042] When the volume of the lower air chamber 15 decreases, positive pressure is generated. This positive pressure within the lower air chamber 15 is sequentially transmitted through the air guide pipe 10, air interlayer 23, air guide channel 21, air guide ring groove 22, and notch 26a to the space between the elastic outer skin 26 and the rigid shell 25a of each phase change structure 18. At this time, the elastic outer skin 26 bulges outward under the combined action of the inner positive pressure and the outer negative pressure, forming an air bladder 27 between the originally fitted elastic outer skin 26 and the rigid shell 25a. Figure 6As shown, the formation of the air bladder cavity 27 creates a heat insulation layer between the elastic outer skin 26 and the hard shell 25a, preventing heat from being conducted in the reverse direction.

[0043] The outwardly bulging elastic outer skin 26 squeezes outward the remaining space of the heat exchange medium cavity 17a, thus causing the liquid heat exchange medium originally in each heat exchange medium cavity 17a to pass sequentially through a liquid guide pipe 5 → heat exchange tube 2 in heat exchanger 1 → c liquid guide pipe 3 → finally reaching the upper heat exchange medium cavity 12 in the enlarged integrated driver 90 under the combined action of the outwardly bulging elastic outer skin 26 squeezing outward. The core feature of this step is that, since the elastic outer skin 26 of each phase change structure 18 expands and squeezes outward synchronously, the liquid heat exchange medium in each heat exchange medium cavity 17a in the battery cavity 17 is squeezed outward almost synchronously during this stage. This synchronicity ensures that the hot liquid in each heat exchange medium cavity 17a is discharged evenly, avoiding local overheating.

[0044] S2: The electric reciprocating telescoping device 11 drives the displacement disk 14 to move upward, and the elastic diaphragm 13 follows the displacement disk 14 to move upward to the initial position, thereby increasing the volume of the upper heat exchange medium cavity 12 to the initial volume and decreasing the volume of the lower air chamber 15 to the initial volume.

[0045] The elastic outer skin 26 of each phase change structure 18 shrinks to re-adhere to the rigid shell 25a, as... Figure 5 As shown, when "S1" is released, the expanded elastic outer skin 26 squeezes the heat exchange medium cavities 17a. During the contraction process, the combined effect of the elastic recovery force of the elastic outer skin and the internal and external pressure difference is used to discharge the gas in the air bladder cavity 27 back to the lower air chamber 15 through the air guide channel.

[0046] Simultaneously, the liquid in the gradually decreasing volume upper heat exchange medium cavity 12 is forced into the heat exchange medium cavities 17a of the battery cavity 17 within the battery box 4 through the b-guide pipe 8. The key feature of this step is that, since the elastic outer skin 26 of each phase change structure 18 contracts inward synchronously, the liquid heat exchange medium in the gradually decreasing volume upper heat exchange medium cavity 12 is squeezed into the heat exchange medium cavities 17a of the battery cavity 17 almost simultaneously through the b-guide pipe 8. This synchronous contraction ensures that the cooled liquid is evenly distributed to each heat exchange medium cavity 17a, achieving balanced cooling.

[0047] With the cooperation of one-way valve 6 and one-way valve 7, the following one-way closed-loop liquid heat exchange medium circulation path is formed by repeatedly and periodically executing "S1" and "S2": battery chamber 17 in battery box 4 → liquid guide pipe 5 a → heat exchange tube 2 in heat exchanger 1 → liquid guide pipe 3 c → upper heat exchange medium chamber 12 in integrated driver 90 → liquid guide pipe 8 b → battery chamber 17 in battery box 4.

[0048] In each operating cycle, the heat exchange medium cavities 17a of the battery cavity 17 synchronously discharge the hotter liquid heat exchange medium and then synchronously introduce the cooler liquid heat exchange medium cooled by the heat exchange tube 2. This achieves a highly efficient liquid cooling cycle for each cylindrical battery cell 16, which is more uniform than the traditional tortuous flow channel cooling channel structure, has no dead flow zones, and does not have the problem of heat absorption attenuation along the flow path. This synchronous pulsating liquid cooling cycle, combined with the passive cooling of the phase change material, realizes intelligent and efficient battery thermal management, significantly improving the performance and lifespan of the battery pack.

[0049] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery box circulating cooling system, characterized in that: The battery box (4) contains a battery cavity (17) with a number of cylindrical battery units (16) arranged in a rectangular array, and each cylindrical battery unit (16) is immersed in the liquid heat exchange medium in the battery cavity (17). Within the battery cavity (17), a heat exchange medium cavity (17a) filled with liquid heat exchange medium is formed within the enclosed area of ​​any four adjacent rectangularly distributed cylindrical battery cells (16). The upper or lower end of each heat exchange medium cavity (17a) is connected to the upper and lower end space of the battery cavity (17). A vertical phase change structure (18) is provided in each heat exchange medium cavity (17a).

2. The battery box circulating cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phase change structure (18) has a circular outline when viewed from above.

3. The battery box circulating cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a heat exchanger (1) and an integrated driver (90); the heat exchanger (1) includes a heat exchange tube (2), and in the working state, the heat exchange medium in the heat exchanger (1) can continuously absorb the heat on the heat exchange tube (2); the battery cavity (17) is connected to one end of the a liquid guide tube (5) and the b liquid guide tube (8); the other end of the a liquid guide tube (5) is connected to one end of the heat exchange tube (2) in the heat exchanger (1), and the other end of the heat exchange tube (2) is connected to the liquid inlet of the integrated driver (90) through the c liquid guide tube (3), and the liquid outlet of the integrated driver (90) is connected to the other end of the b liquid guide tube (8).

4. A battery box circulating cooling system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The liquid guide tube (5) and the liquid guide tube (8) are respectively equipped with a one-way valve (6) and a one-way valve (7); the one-way valve (6) only allows the liquid heat exchange medium in the battery cavity (17) to flow out through the liquid guide tube (5); the one-way valve (7) only allows the liquid in the liquid guide tube (8) to flow into the battery cavity (17).

5. A battery box circulating cooling system according to claim 3, characterized in that: An air gap (23) is provided inside the bottom wall (24) of the battery box (4). The phase change structure (18) includes a rigid shell (25a) in the shape of a vertical shuttle, the rigid shell (25a) being made of a metal thermally conductive material; the sealed space inside the rigid shell (25a) is filled with a phase change material (25); the lower end of the rigid shell (25a) is fixedly supported and connected to the bottom wall (24) by a fixed column (20); an annular wall (19) is coaxially arranged outside the fixed column (20), and a gas guide annular groove (22) is formed between the annular wall (19) and the fixed column (20); the gas guide annular groove (22) is guided by several gas guides on the bottom wall (24). The channel (21) connects to the air interlayer (23); the rigid shell (25a) is covered with a non-adhesive elastic outer skin (26), the elastic outer skin (26) is made of elastic rubber, silicone or other elastic sealing materials, the lower end of the elastic outer skin (26) is provided with a notch (26a), the fixing post (20) passes through the notch (26a), the notch (26a) at the lower end of the elastic outer skin (26) is fixedly and sealed along the contour to the upper end of the connecting ring wall (19), so that the notch (26a) at the lower end of the elastic outer skin (26) connects to the air guide ring groove (22); The integrated actuator (90) includes an actuator housing (9), and a horizontal elastic diaphragm (13) is provided inside the actuator housing (9). The elastic diaphragm (13) divides the inner cavity of the actuator housing (9) into an upper heat exchange medium cavity (12) and a lower air chamber (15). The upper heat exchange medium cavity (12) is filled with heat exchange medium. The b liquid guide pipe (8) and the c liquid guide pipe (3) are both connected to the upper heat exchange medium cavity (12). The lower air chamber (15) is connected to the air jacket (23) through the air guide pipe (10). An electric reciprocating telescoping device (11) is coaxially fixedly installed on the inner side of the upper wall of the drive housing (9). The telescoping end of the electric reciprocating telescoping device (11) is fixedly connected to the center of the elastic diaphragm (13) through a displacement disk (14).

6. A battery box circulating cooling system according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the initial state, the elastic outer skin (26) of each phase change structure (18) in the battery box (4) is attached to the outside of the hard shell (25a) for heat transfer, and there is no air layer between the elastic outer skin (26) and the hard shell (25a) to hinder heat transfer.

7. The working method of a battery box circulating cooling system according to claim 6, characterized in that: After the phase change materials (25) in each phase change structure (18) have completed the phase change, if each cylindrical battery cell (16) continues to operate at high power and release heat at this time, the liquid cooling cycle system will be activated immediately; any execution cycle of the liquid cooling cycle system is as follows: S1: The electric reciprocating expansion joint (11) drives the displacement disk (14) to move downward, and the elastic diaphragm (13) follows the displacement disk (14) to fluctuate downward, thereby increasing the volume of the upper heat exchange medium cavity (12) and decreasing the volume of the lower air chamber (15). S2: The electric reciprocating telescoping device (11) drives the displacement disk (14) to move upward, and the elastic diaphragm (13) follows the displacement disk (14) to move upward to the initial position, thereby increasing the volume of the upper heat exchange medium cavity (12) to the initial volume and decreasing the volume of the lower air chamber (15) to the initial volume.

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