Two-dimensional wide-angle multi-beam curved huygens-transmission array antenna

Abstract

This invention discloses a two-dimensional wide-angle multi-beam curved Huygens transmission array antenna, comprising multiple feed sources and a transmission array arranged along a preset focusing arc: the feed sources radiate spherical electromagnetic waves, and the transmission array converts the spherical waves into plane waves radiated in a preset direction. The transmission array consists of several dual-polarized type-II transmission array elements arranged in a curved array, and each element obtains the required transmission phase shift by adjusting the parameters of the orthogonal polarization direction; the transmission array element includes a dielectric substrate layer and first and second metal layers on the upper and lower surfaces; both the first and second metal layers include type-II metal structures placed along the x-direction and type-II metal structures placed along the y-direction. Compared with the prior art, this invention uses via-less dual-polarized type-II Huygens elements to form an elliptical cylindrical curved surface array, combined with a dual-plane phase compensation superposition method and dual-focus phase control, to achieve high-efficiency two-dimensional wide-angle multi-beam radiation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of transmission array antennas, and in particular to a two-dimensional wide-angle multi-beam curved Huygens transmission array antenna. Background Technology

[0002] Transmissive array antennas are high-gain antennas characterized by high gain, lightweight design, and low cost, and are widely used in millimeter-wave communication. Multi-beam transmissive array antennas are a key antenna technology for millimeter-wave communication systems, providing wide beam coverage while reducing the impact of air loss. Furthermore, because the feed and main radiating beam of a multi-beam transmissive array are not on the same side, the energy blockage problem present in multi-beam reflective arrays is eliminated, leading to their rapid development in recent years. Currently, research on multi-beam transmissive arrays mainly focuses on improving beam coverage. Compared to one-dimensional multi-beam transmissive arrays, two-dimensional multi-beam transmissive arrays naturally offer a wider beam coverage, providing a broader beam coverage range for millimeter-wave communication and thus possessing greater research value. However, current proposed two-dimensional multi-beam transmission arrays have narrow beam coverage and low aperture efficiency. Furthermore, most researched multi-beam transmission arrays employ receiver-transmitter structures or multi-layer frequency selective surface structures, inevitably incorporating metal vias or multi-layer metal structures, making them difficult to conform to curved surfaces and unsuitable for high-speed dynamic platforms such as UAVs. To facilitate conformal surface design, ultra-thin array elements with a thickness of less than 1 mm and without metal vias should be used. However, reducing the thickness of the array elements increases element losses, leading to reduced antenna efficiency and narrower bandwidth. These limitations restrict the application of multi-beam transmission arrays in long-distance wireless communication fields such as millimeter-wave communication.

[0003] A search revealed that application publication number CN120637869A discloses a linear-to-circular polarization Huygens transmission array, which includes transmission array elements arranged in a square array. Each element is a three-layer structure without vias. The first metal layer and the second metal layer both include a C-shaped rectangular ring group placed along the x-direction and a C-shaped rectangular ring group placed along the y-direction. By adjusting the length of the C-shaped rectangular ring group, the transmission phase is controlled, thereby converting the linearly polarized spherical incident wave into a circularly polarized plane transmission wave and achieving beam focusing. However, this transmission array can only achieve single-beam focusing and linear-to-circular polarization conversion functions, and its array structure is a planar square array, which does not have the ability to conform to curved surfaces and cannot achieve two-dimensional wide-angle multi-beam radiation.

[0004] Therefore, how to realize a two-dimensional multi-beam transmission array antenna with wide beam coverage, high aperture efficiency and easy conformal surface is a technical problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a two-dimensional wide-angle multi-beam curved Huygens transmission array antenna.

[0006] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: According to a first aspect of the present invention, a two-dimensional wide-angle multi-beam curved Huygens transmission array antenna is provided, comprising: Multiple feed sources are arranged along a preset focusing arc to radiate spherical electromagnetic waves; A transmission array is used to convert the spherical electromagnetic waves radiated by the multiple feed sources into plane waves in a preset direction and radiate them. The transmission array includes several transmission array units arranged in a curved array. The transmission array units at different positions in the curved array obtain the required transmission phase shift in each polarization direction by adjusting the parameters in the orthogonal polarization direction. The transmission array unit includes a dielectric substrate layer, a first metal layer located on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate layer, and a second metal layer located on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate layer; The first metal layer includes a first type II metal structure placed along the x-direction and a second type II metal structure placed along the y-direction; The second metal layer includes a third type II metal structure placed along the x-direction and a fourth type II metal structure placed along the y-direction; Wherein, the first type II metal structure and the third type II metal structure constitute the polarization structure of the transmission array unit in the x direction, and the second type II metal structure and the fourth type II metal structure constitute the polarization structure of the transmission array unit in the y direction.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution, the curved surface array is an elliptical cylindrical array, and the cross-section of the elliptical cylindrical array is an elliptical arc.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution, for incident electromagnetic waves polarized in the x-direction, the target transmission phase shift of the x-direction polarized structure in the transmission array unit is determined by the dual-plane phase compensation superposition method; for incident electromagnetic waves polarized in the y-direction, the target transmission phase shift of the y-direction polarized structure in the transmission array unit is determined by the dual-focus method.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution, the target transmission phase shift of the x-direction polarization structure in the transmission array unit is obtained by superimposing the curved surface phase compensation amount and the linear cross-section phase compensation amount. The curved surface phase compensation amount is used to compensate for the phase difference caused by the curved surface array, and together with the linear cross-section phase compensation amount, it is used to control the beam pointing.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution, the dual-focus method specifically includes setting two symmetrically distributed virtual focuses, calculating the phase compensation amount from the two virtual focuses to the corresponding unit, and taking the average value of the two phase compensation amounts as the target transmission phase shift amount in the y-polarization direction of the transmission array unit.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution, when the multiple feed sources are arranged along the first focusing arc, they are used to excite multiple radiation beams of the transmission array on the yoz plane; when the multiple feed sources are arranged along the second focusing arc, they are used to excite multiple radiation beams of the transmission array on the xoz plane.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution, the first type II metal structure has the same structure and size as the third type II metal structure, and the second type II metal structure has the same structure and size as the fourth type II metal structure.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution, the first type II metal structure and the third type II metal structure have a first branch length. g x First total length l x and the length of the first gap a x The second type II metal structure and the fourth type II metal structure have a second branch length. g y Second total length l y Second gap length a y .

[0014] As a preferred technical solution, the parameter adjustment specifically includes: adjusting the length of the first branch respectively. g x The first total length l x and the length of the first gap a x To adjust the transmission phase shift of the transmission array element in the x-polarization direction; by adjusting the length of the second stub respectively. g y The second total length l y and the second gap length a y This is to adjust the transmission phase shift of the transmission array element in the y-polarization direction.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution, the curved array is composed of M×N transmission array elements, where M and N are both integers greater than 1.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. This invention uses an elliptical cylindrical curved surface array to achieve conformal installation with the curved surface platform. Multiple feed sources are arranged along the focusing arc to make the feed source positions correspond one-to-one with the beam direction. Then, combined with a dual-polarized type II metal structure, the transmission phase of the two orthogonal polarization directions is independently controlled, thereby realizing wide-angle multi-beam coverage in the two orthogonal planes. This solves the problems of narrow beam coverage and difficulty in conformal installation of existing multi-beam transmission arrays.

[0017] 2. Based on the Huygens resonance principle, this invention utilizes the equivalent current and equivalent magnetic current generated in the upper and lower metal layers by the dual-polarized type II metal structure to achieve high-efficiency wavefront conversion with full transmission and no reflection, thereby improving the antenna aperture efficiency and solving the problem of low aperture efficiency in existing transmission arrays.

[0018] 3. This invention addresses the differences in geometric characteristics of elliptical cylindrical surfaces in two orthogonal directions by employing a dual-plane phase compensation superposition method and a dual-focus method to independently design the target transmission phases for x-polarization and y-polarization. The dual-plane phase compensation superposition method is used to compensate for the phase distortion introduced by the curvature of the surface along the y-direction and to precisely control the beam pointing. The y-polarized structure phase distribution obtained by the dual-focus method enables the transmission array to efficiently generate oblique radiation waves without curvature in the x-direction, allowing for wide-angle, low-sidelobe multi-beam radiation in both polarization directions, further improving the antenna's beam coverage and radiation quality.

[0019] 4. The transmission array unit provided by the present invention has no metal vias, contains only two metal layers and a single dielectric substrate, has a simple structure, ultra-thin thickness, is easy to process and manufacture, and has stable performance. It overcomes the defects of existing multi-layer metal or via structures that are difficult to process and conformally conform.

[0020] 5. The type II metal structure used in this invention enables the surface induced current to be continuously distributed on the metal structure, resulting in better electromagnetic resonance characteristics. At the same time, with the same dielectric substrate thickness, the transmission array unit of this invention has a lower operating frequency, a thinner relative dielectric thickness, and a more pronounced Huygens resonance. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the transmission array antenna of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the transmission array unit of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a top view of the transmission array unit of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a bottom view of the transmission array unit of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a graph showing the relationship between the transmission amplitude and phase versus frequency on the x (y) polarization of the transmission array element in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a current distribution diagram of the first and second metal layers of the transmission array unit at the x-polarization of the center frequency in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a current distribution diagram of the first and second metal layers of the transmission array unit at the y-polarization of the center frequency in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8 This is a transmission phase distribution diagram of the x-polarized unit structure on the transmission array in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a transmission phase distribution diagram of the y-polarized unit structure on the transmission array in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of multi-beam radiation on the yoz plane achieved by the transmission array in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of multi-beam radiation on the xoz plane achieved by the transmission array in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 12 This is a gain pattern of the transmission array radiating along the yoz plane in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 13 This is a gain pattern of the transmission array radiating along the xoz plane in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 14 This is the curve showing the highest gain versus frequency when the transmission array performs multi-beam radiation along the yoz plane in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram showing the reflection coefficients of the transmission array radiating along the yoz plane at 0°, 10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, and 45° in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 16 This is the curve showing the highest gain versus frequency when the transmission array performs multi-beam radiation along the xoz plane in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the reflection coefficients when the transmission array radiates along the xoz plane at 0°, 10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, and 45° in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Example 1: like Figure 1As shown, this invention provides a two-dimensional wide-angle multi-beam curved Huygens transmission array antenna, comprising: multiple feed sources and a transmission array. The multiple feed sources are used to radiate spherical electromagnetic waves; the transmission array is used to convert the spherical electromagnetic waves radiated by the multiple feed sources into plane waves in multiple preset directions, forming multi-beam radiation.

[0024] The transmission array comprises several transmission array elements arranged in an elliptical cylindrical surface array. In this embodiment, the cross-sectional curve of the elliptical cylindrical array satisfies the equation of an ellipse: , Where z and y are the lateral coordinates in the coordinate system of the curved surface array. This elliptical cylindrical design allows the antenna to be easily conformally mounted on the fuselage surface of high-speed dynamic platforms such as drones.

[0025] Transmission array elements: like Figures 2-4 As shown, each transmission array unit is a three-layer structure without metal vias, comprising, from top to bottom, a first metal layer 1, a dielectric substrate layer 2, and a second metal layer 3. The first metal layer 1 is located on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate layer 2, and the second metal layer 3 is located on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate layer 2. In this embodiment, the dielectric substrate layer 2 is of type TaconicTLY-5, with a relative permittivity of 2.2 and a thickness of [missing information]. h =0.787 mm, the shape is square, the side length p=3.2 mm, which satisfies ( (Wavelength in vacuum). The transmission array consists of 28×28 transmission array elements.

[0026] The first metal layer 1 includes a first type II metal structure 101 placed along the x-direction and a second type II metal structure 102 placed along the y-direction. The second metal layer 3 includes a third type II metal structure 301 placed along the x-direction and a fourth type II metal structure 302 placed along the y-direction. The first type II metal structure 101 and the third type II metal structure 301 have the same structure and dimensions, together constituting the polarization structure of the transmission array unit in the x-direction; the second type II metal structure 102 and the fourth type II metal structure 302 have the same structure and dimensions, together constituting the polarization structure of the transmission array unit in the y-direction.

[0027] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 The figures shown are a top view and a bottom view of the transmission array element. The type II metal structure has branches, and the branches have notches. Specifically, for the x-direction polarized structure, its metal structure length is... g x The total length occupied in the unit is lx The length of the gap is a x For the y-direction polarized structure, its metallic length is g y The total length occupied in the unit is l y The length of the gap is a y The width of the type II metal structure in the transmission array element is w = 0.1 mm, the distance between the middle of the type II metal structure and the edge of the element is a = 1 mm, and the radius of the arc-shaped branch is r = 0.2 mm.

[0028] Phase modulation and parameter adjustment: The transmission array elements at different positions in the curved surface array obtain the required transmission phase shift in each polarization direction by adjusting parameters in the orthogonal polarization direction, with an adjustment range of [range missing]. Specifically, by adjusting separately l x , g x , a x The transmission phase of the x-polarized structure can be changed; by adjusting them separately. l y , g y , a y It can change the transmission phase of the y-polarized structure.

[0029] In this embodiment, by adjusting the parameters respectively l x , g x , a x and l y , g y , a y Eight different sized transmission array elements were designed, achieving 3-bit phase quantization compensation in two orthogonal polarization directions. Table 1 lists the typical parameters of the eight elements and their corresponding transmission amplitude and phase. The transmission amplitude of all eight elements is higher than -3 dB.

[0030] Table 1 Phase compensation method: For incident electromagnetic waves with different polarization directions, this invention employs different phase compensation methods.

[0031] For an incident spherical electromagnetic wave polarized in the x-direction, the target transmission phase shift of the x-direction polarized structure in the transmission array element is determined by a dual-plane phase compensation superposition method. This method compensates the total phase. Decomposed into surface phase compensation quantities along the elliptical cylinder cross section and the phase compensation amount of the line section along the line. Superposition: , , + , Where k0 is the propagation constant in free space, The wavelength of electromagnetic waves in a vacuum. 11 This is the distance from the selected virtual focus point to the center of the array, i.e., the virtual focal length. 01 This represents the distance from the virtual focus to each element on the line section. Represents the coordinates of the transmission array elements; This indicates phase compensation of the array along the elliptical cylindrical section. This indicates the phase compensation along the cross section of the array. The coordinates of the center of the x-polarization unit on the array aperture are: The phase compensation of the unit is equal to and sum.

[0032] For an incident spherical electromagnetic wave polarized in the y-direction, the target transmission phase shift of the y-direction polarized structure in the transmission array element is determined by the dual-focus method. Specifically, this includes setting two symmetrically distributed virtual focuses C and D, whose coordinates are C(tanα1) and D(tanα1) respectively. L, 0, -L) and D (-tanα1) L, 0, -L), where the focal length L = 65 mm is the focal length, and α1 = 30° is the main beam radiation angle. Calculate the distances rac from focus C to each element, roc from focus C to the array center, rad from focus D to each element, and rod from focus D to the array center, respectively. Then calculate the dual-focus phase compensation: , , , Where (x, y, z) represent the coordinates of the transmission array element. This indicates the phase compensation on the array when it radiates along angle α1 at a single focus C; This indicates the phase compensation on the array when it radiates along angle α1 at a single focus D; The coordinates of the center of the y-polarized unit on the array aperture are: The phase compensation of the unit is equal to and The average value.

[0033] Multi-beam implementation: To achieve two-dimensional wide-angle multi-beam radiation, this invention employs multiple feed sources arranged along a preset focusing arc. For example... Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown: Yoz-plane multi-beam: Multiple feed sources are arranged along the first focusing arc (focusing arc A) to excite multiple radiation beams of the transmission array in the yoz plane. The center coordinates of the first focusing arc are P1(0,0,-37 mm), and the radius is r1=33 mm.

[0034] xoz-plane multi-beam: Multiple feed sources are arranged along the second focusing arc (focusing arc B) to excite multiple radiation beams of the transmission array in the xoz plane. The center coordinates of the second focusing arc are P2(0,0,-25 mm), and the radius is r2=45 mm.

[0035] The multi-beam arrays on the two planes mentioned above can operate independently or simultaneously to achieve two-dimensional wide-angle coverage.

[0036] Huygens resonance working principle: This invention is based on Huygens metasurface theory. It generates Huygens resonance through the surface current interaction between the upper and lower metal layers in the transmission array unit, thereby achieving full transmission and low loss wavefront modulation.

[0037] When a linearly polarized spherical electromagnetic wave with an electric field vector along the x-direction is incident, the first type II metal structure 101 in the first metal layer and the third type II metal structure 301 in the second metal layer generate surface induced currents. During the first and third quarter-time periods, the surface induced currents of the upper and lower metal layers are in opposite directions, forming a current loop, which is equivalent to an equivalent magnetic current with a T / 4 time delay. During the second and fourth quarter-time periods, the surface induced currents of the upper and lower metal layers are in the same direction, forming an equivalent current source. The combined effect of the equivalent current and the equivalent magnetic current causes the transmitted field to be superimposed in phase with the incident field, while the reflected fields cancel each other out, thus generating Huygens resonance and achieving the characteristics of full transmission and no reflection. When incident with y-polarization, the same Huygens resonance effect is generated by the second type II metal structure 102 and the fourth type II metal structure 302.

[0038] To verify the effectiveness of the present invention, the transmission array antenna was simulated using the three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software HFSS.

[0039] First, the transmission array elements are simulated to analyze their transmission performance under x-polarization and y-polarization. For example... Figure 5 As shown, in the frequency range of 36 GHz to 42 GHz, the transmission amplitude of the cell in both polarization directions is higher than -3 dB, and the transmission phase range covers 0° to 360°, demonstrating good transmission efficiency and full-range phase modulation capability.

[0040] To verify the mechanism of Huygens resonance in the cell, the surface current distribution of the upper and lower metal layers of the cell was simulated at a center frequency of 39 GHz. For example... Figure 6 As shown, when a linearly polarized spherical electromagnetic wave with an electric field vector in the x-direction is incident: during the first and third quarter-time periods, the surface induced currents generated by the x-direction quasi-II-shaped metal structures on the first and second metal layers are in opposite directions, forming a current loop. This current loop is equivalent to an equivalent magnetic current with a T / 4 time delay. During the second and fourth quarter-time periods, the currents in the upper and lower layers are in the same direction, forming an equivalent current source. The combined effect of the equivalent current and the equivalent magnetic current enhances the transmitted field and cancels out the reflected field, thereby generating Huygens resonance and achieving full transmission and no reflection. Figure 7 As shown, when a spherical electromagnetic wave with a linearly polarized electric field vector in the y-direction is incident, the y-direction type II metallic structure generates a completely symmetrical current distribution, thus forming a Huygens resonance. The simulation results of the above current distribution are in good agreement with the Huygens metasurface theory, proving that the unit of this invention can effectively achieve low-loss, high-transmission wavefront modulation.

[0041] Further analysis was conducted on the phase distribution of the surface array. Based on the dual-plane phase compensation superposition method and the dual-focus method, the required x-polarization and y-polarization target phases for each element in the 28×28 elliptical cylindrical surface array were calculated. Figure 8 and Figure 9 The actual transmission phase distribution of the array under x-polarization and y-polarization are shown respectively. It can be seen that the overall phase distribution is smooth and continuous without abrupt changes, indicating that the phase compensation design is reasonable.

[0042] The radiation performance of multibeams is analyzed. For example... Figure 10 As shown, multiple feed sources are arranged along the first focusing arc (focusing arc A), with center P1 (0, 0, -37 mm) and radius 33 mm. Feed sources at different positions are excited sequentially, and the radiation pattern of the transmission array in the yoz plane is simulated, as shown below. Figure 12 As shown in the figure, when the feed is located at different angular positions on the focusing arc, the beam direction generated by the transmission array continuously varies from -45° to +45° in the yoz plane; the gain roll-off of all beams is -3 dB, the highest gain is 26.4 dBi, and the aperture efficiency reaches 30%. Similarly, as... Figure 11As shown, multiple feed sources are arranged along the second focusing arc (focusing arc B), with center P2 (0, 0, -25 mm) and radius 45 mm. The simulation yields the radiation pattern in the xoz plane, as shown below. Figure 13 As shown in the figure, the beam coverage also reaches ±45°; the gain roll-off is less than 2.5 dB, the maximum gain is 24 dBi, the sidelobe level is below -10 dB, and the aperture efficiency reaches 20%. The above results show that the present invention, through a dual-focusing arc multi-feed configuration, can achieve wide-angle, low roll-off, and low sidelobe multi-beam radiation in two orthogonal planes.

[0043] The operating bandwidth of the transmission array antenna was obtained by simulating the variation of the highest gain of the dual-plane multi-beam antenna with the operating frequency. Figure 14 The simulation curves of the maximum gain versus frequency during multi-beam radiation in the yoz plane are presented. The maximum gain of this multi-beam transmission array antenna remains stable in the yoz plane, and the 3 dB gain bandwidth fully covers 37 GHz to 40 GHz, demonstrating wideband operation capability. Figure 16 The simulation curves of the maximum gain versus frequency for multi-beam radiation in the xoz plane are presented. The maximum gain of this multi-beam transmission array antenna in the xoz plane is stable with frequency, and the 3 dB gain bandwidth also covers 37 GHz to 40 GHz, with no significant degradation in radiation performance within the frequency band.

[0044] The reflection coefficient of the antenna under different beam pointing angles is simulated. Figure 15 Simulation results are presented for the reflection coefficient of the transmission array antenna radiating beams at 0°, 10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, and 45° in the yoz plane. Within the frequency range of 37–40 GHz, the reflection coefficients for all beam directions are below -10 dB, indicating good impedance matching characteristics and no significant frequency deviation in all beam directions. Figure 17 Simulation results of the reflection coefficients in the same six beam directions within the xoz plane are presented. The reflection coefficients are all below -10 dB in the range of 37~40 GHz, which verifies the stable matching performance of the antenna during wide-angle scanning.

[0045] This invention provides a two-dimensional wide-angle multi-beam curved Huygens transmission array antenna. It employs apertureless, dual-polarized, type II Huygens elements arranged on an elliptical cylindrical surface. The required transmission phase shift is obtained by independently adjusting the geometric parameters of each element in the orthogonal polarization direction. The phase distribution is determined using a dual-plane phase compensation superposition method and a dual-focus method for the two polarization directions, respectively. Combined with multiple feed sources arranged along the focusing arc, two-dimensional wide-angle multi-beam radiation is achieved. Based on the Huygens resonance principle, this invention achieves high transmission and low loss wavefront conversion, improving aperture efficiency. Simultaneously, the ultra-thin, apertureless structure facilitates conformal design, effectively solving the problems of narrow beam coverage, difficulty in conformal design, and low aperture efficiency in existing multi-beam transmission arrays.

[0046] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions should all be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A two-dimensional wide-angle multi-beam curved Huygens transmission array antenna, characterized in that, include: Multiple feed sources are arranged along a preset focusing arc to radiate spherical electromagnetic waves; A transmission array is used to convert the spherical electromagnetic waves radiated by the multiple feed sources into plane waves in a preset direction and radiate them. The transmission array includes several transmission array units arranged in a curved array. The transmission array units at different positions in the curved array obtain the required transmission phase shift in each polarization direction by adjusting the parameters in the orthogonal polarization direction. The transmission array unit includes a dielectric substrate layer, a first metal layer located on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate layer, and a second metal layer located on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate layer; The first metal layer includes a first type II metal structure placed along the x-direction and a second type II metal structure placed along the y-direction; The second metal layer includes a third type II metal structure placed along the x-direction and a fourth type II metal structure placed along the y-direction; Wherein, the first type II metal structure and the third type II metal structure constitute the polarization structure of the transmission array unit in the x direction, and the second type II metal structure and the fourth type II metal structure constitute the polarization structure of the transmission array unit in the y direction.

2. The two-dimensional wide-angle multi-beam curved Huygens transmission array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The curved surface array is an elliptical cylindrical array, and the cross-section of the elliptical cylindrical array is an elliptical arc.

3. The two-dimensional wide-angle multi-beam curved Huygens transmission array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, For incident electromagnetic waves polarized in the x-direction, the target transmission phase shift of the x-direction polarized structure in the transmission array element is determined by the dual-plane phase compensation superposition method; for incident electromagnetic waves polarized in the y-direction, the target transmission phase shift of the y-direction polarized structure in the transmission array element is determined by the dual-focus method.

4. A two-dimensional wide-angle multi-beam curved Huygens transmission array antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that, The target transmission phase shift of the x-direction polarization structure in the transmission array unit is obtained by superimposing the curved surface phase compensation amount and the linear cross-section phase compensation amount. The curved surface phase compensation amount is used to compensate for the phase difference caused by the curved surface array, and together with the linear cross-section phase compensation amount, it is used to control the beam pointing.

5. A two-dimensional wide-angle multi-beam curved Huygens transmission array antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that, The dual-focus method specifically includes setting two symmetrically distributed virtual focuses, calculating the phase compensation amount from the two virtual focuses to the corresponding unit, and taking the average of the two phase compensation amounts as the target transmission phase shift amount in the y-polarization direction of the transmission array unit.

6. A two-dimensional wide-angle multi-beam curved Huygens transmission array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the plurality of feed sources are arranged along the first focusing arc, they are used to excite the transmission array to emit multiple radiation beams in the yoz plane; when the plurality of feed sources are arranged along the second focusing arc, they are used to excite the transmission array to emit multiple radiation beams in the xoz plane.

7. A two-dimensional wide-angle multi-beam curved Huygens transmission array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first type II metal structure has the same structure and size as the third type II metal structure, and the second type II metal structure has the same structure and size as the fourth type II metal structure.

8. A two-dimensional wide-angle multi-beam curved Huygens transmission array antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first type II metal structure and the third type II metal structure have a first branch length. g x First total length l x and the length of the first gap a x The second type II metal structure and the fourth type II metal structure have a second branch length. g y Second total length l y Second gap length a y .

9. A two-dimensional wide-angle multi-beam curved Huygens transmission array antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that, The parameter adjustment specifically includes: adjusting the length of the first branch respectively. g x The first total length l x and the length of the first gap a x To adjust the transmission phase shift of the transmission array element in the x-polarization direction; by adjusting the length of the second stub respectively. g y The second total length l y and the second gap length a y This is to adjust the transmission phase shift of the transmission array element in the y-polarization direction.

10. A two-dimensional wide-angle multi-beam curved Huygens transmission array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The curved array consists of M×N transmission array elements, where M and N are both integers greater than 1.

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