Substation on-site data collection intelligent terminal and method supporting multi-protocol heterogeneous access

Abstract

This invention discloses an intelligent terminal and method for local data aggregation in substations that supports heterogeneous access to multiple protocols. The terminal includes a housing and integrated within it a protocol adaptation module, a reconfigurable processing module, a security protection module, a data interaction module, and a power supply module. These modules work collaboratively to achieve efficient aggregation, standardized conversion, and secure transmission of existing monitoring data from the substation. This application addresses the challenge of heterogeneous protocol compatibility and improves data access efficiency by constructing a standardized system covering the entire process of "protocol scanning - protocol parsing - model mapping - rule adaptation," encompassing more than six mainstream protocols and IoT communication standards. It enables automatic matching of known protocols and automatic identification and parsing of unknown protocols, breaking down protocol barriers between different manufacturers' equipment. This eliminates the need to deploy dedicated access equipment for different protocols, reducing hardware procurement and maintenance costs, avoiding data transmission delays or loss, and improving centralized data management efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power system substation equipment monitoring technology, and in particular to a smart terminal and method for local data collection in substations that supports multi-protocol heterogeneous access. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of smart grids, real-time monitoring of the operating status of substation equipment, as the core of the power system, is crucial for grid security. This mainly includes online monitoring of oil chromatography, iron core clamps, and digital meters, which are the core means of early warning of faults in substation main equipment. However, with the increase in the types and number of online monitoring devices, the existing data management system has significant bottlenecks and is difficult to adapt to the development of smart grids. Specifically: First, there are prominent barriers to heterogeneous protocols. Equipment from different manufacturers uses different protocols such as IEC61850 and Modbus, and some older equipment uses proprietary protocols, requiring the deployment of dedicated access equipment, increasing costs and easily leading to data transmission anomalies. Second, data processing capabilities are weak. Traditional equipment only forwards raw data, and redundant and non-critical data are not filtered, resulting in a waste of storage and computing resources and affecting the efficiency of fault diagnosis. Third, the system has poor scalability. The "hardware solidification + software customization" model requires overall transformation for the access of new equipment or the expansion of scenarios, which is time-consuming and costly. In addition, in the power dispatching and production control area, there are shortcomings in the security protection of data interaction between gateways and terminals. Security and expansion are difficult to coordinate, which restricts the efficient and secure use of monitoring data. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a smart terminal and method for local data collection in substations that can achieve standardized access, efficient processing, flexible expansion and secure transmission of monitoring data, so as to promote the transformation of the power grid from "passive operation and maintenance" to "proactive early warning and intelligent decision-making". Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a method for the operation and scheduling of a coal-fired integrated energy system based on an improved whale optimization algorithm. This method enables standardized access to monitoring equipment from different manufacturers and of different types, resolving issues such as poor compatibility of heterogeneous protocols, low data processing efficiency, insufficient system scalability, and inadequate security protection in existing technologies.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a technical solution: a smart terminal for local data collection in substations that supports multi-protocol heterogeneous access, characterized in that it includes a terminal housing and a protocol adaptation module, a reconfigurable processing module, a security protection module, a data interaction module and a power supply module integrated within the housing. The modules work together to achieve efficient collection, standardized conversion and secure transmission of existing monitoring data in substations.

[0005] The protocol adaptation module includes a protocol scanning unit, a protocol parsing unit, a unified data model unit, and a protocol conversion rule base. It is used to parse the mainstream monitoring protocols of substations, construct a unified data model and a protocol conversion rule base, and realize the automatic mapping of non-standard protocol data to the unified model.

[0006] The reconfigurable processing module includes a data preprocessing unit, a component management unit, a resource scheduling unit, and a scene configuration unit. It adopts a modular architecture, splits the component management unit, and uses a dynamic scheduling algorithm to achieve adaptive component adaptation.

[0007] The security protection module includes an encrypted tunnel unit, an identity authentication unit, a trusted verification unit, and an access control unit, which are used to build a full-process security protection system and realize encrypted data transmission and identity authentication between the gateway, the new generation centralized control system, and local terminals.

[0008] The data interaction module enables data transmission between the terminal and the monitoring device, gateway, and new-generation centralized control system.

[0009] The power module supplies power to each module.

[0010] Furthermore, the protocol adaptation module is based on the IEC 61850 protocol, analyzes its core elements with Modbus RTU / TCP and IEC 60870-5-101 / 104 protocols, unifies the relevant protocol interface definitions and supports mainstream IoT communication standards.

[0011] The protocol scanning unit detects and monitors the communication port, data frame structure, and transmission frequency characteristics of the monitoring device to establish a protocol feature library; it also enables automatic matching of known protocols and records the feature parameters of unknown protocols.

[0012] The protocol parsing unit employs a support vector machine algorithm and trains a field identification model based on specification samples to achieve automatic identification and parsing of unknown specifications.

[0013] Furthermore, the unified data model covers data related to equipment status, fault characteristics, and operating environment, and clarifies the monitoring data standard metadata;

[0014] The protocol conversion rule base is used to store protocol mapping rules, supports visual configuration and dynamic updates, and can quickly add new protocols and adapt to the private protocols of old devices.

[0015] Furthermore, the component management unit breaks down the core functions into independent components for protocol parsing, data acquisition, data preprocessing, and communication transmission. It adopts a standardized interface design, supports plug-and-play functionality of components, and allows for the replacement or upgrading of corresponding functional components according to business needs.

[0016] The resource scheduling unit uses a genetic algorithm to achieve adaptive scheduling for scenarios involving new equipment, load fluctuations, and service adjustments.

[0017] The scenario configuration unit allows users to preset component combinations and scheduling strategies according to different operating scenarios of the substation, thereby realizing customized configuration of system functions.

[0018] Furthermore, the data preprocessing unit employs sliding window deduplication and wavelet denoising algorithms to filter, deduplicatize, and denoise the monitoring data, eliminating redundant and non-critical data.

[0019] Furthermore, the security protection module conforms to the GB / T 39786-2021 standard and adopts the national cryptographic algorithm; the encryption tunnel unit constructs a dedicated encryption tunnel with an encryption strength of not less than 128 bits; the identity authentication unit constructs a lightweight distributed authentication mechanism to achieve two-way identity authentication; the trusted verification unit achieves security immunity through terminal firmware integrity verification; and the access control unit achieves fine-grained access control.

[0020] The security protection module also includes a digital certificate module, which includes a certificate management submodule, a certificate database, a hardware encryption card, and a USB key. It provides cryptographic services such as security tag generation and digital certificate issuance for secure interaction, ensuring data transmission and operation and maintenance security.

[0021] Furthermore, the data interaction module adopts a multi-interface design, supports Ethernet, RS485 and 5G communication, and supports breakpoint resume and redundant backup.

[0022] Furthermore, the power module adopts a dual power supply redundancy design, supporting AC / DC input and overvoltage, overcurrent, and undervoltage protection.

[0023] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, another technical solution provided by the present invention is: a method for local data collection in substations supporting multi-protocol heterogeneous access, characterized in that it is applied to the aforementioned smart terminal and includes the following steps:

[0024] Step 1: Protocol scanning and identification. The communication characteristics of the monitoring device, such as the communication port, data frame structure, and transmission frequency, are detected by the protocol scanning unit. Known protocols are automatically matched by comparing with the protocol feature library. Unknown protocols are automatically identified and parsed by the field identification model. The feature parameters of unknown protocols are stored in the local database to provide a basis for subsequent parsing.

[0025] Step 2: Data parsing and standardization transformation. The monitoring data is parsed through the protocol parsing unit, and the unified data model and protocol conversion rule base are called to complete the standardization transformation of heterogeneous data into a unified data model.

[0026] Step 3: Data preprocessing and optimization. The data preprocessing unit uses a sliding window deduplication algorithm and a wavelet denoising algorithm to filter, deduplicate, and denoise the standardized data, remove redundant and non-critical data, and mark the data priority.

[0027] Step 4: Component dynamic scheduling and data transmission. The resource scheduling unit realizes the adaptive scheduling of components. The data interaction module transmits the pre-processed data to the gateway machine through a dedicated encrypted tunnel. The gateway machine then forwards the data to the new generation centralized control system and other upper-level platforms, enabling breakpoint resume and redundant backup functions.

[0028] Step 5: Security Protection and System Adaptation. The security protection module provides full-process security protection. When a new type of monitoring device is connected, a corresponding protocol parsing component is added and the scenario configuration is adjusted. When business requirements change, the corresponding functional components are replaced or upgraded without reconstructing the overall system architecture.

[0029] Step 6: Full-process verification and operation and maintenance. Regularly conduct verification of protocol adaptation, data conversion, access specifications, transmission reliability and security protection, monitor the running status of components in real time, and support dynamic updates of rules and component configurations.

[0030] Furthermore, the protocol matching process is as follows:

[0031] If a match is successful, the parsing unit of the corresponding known protocol is invoked to accurately parse the data and extract the device monitoring data and status information;

[0032] If a match fails, it is determined to be an unknown protocol. The unknown protocol identification unit is then activated, which analyzes the protocol characteristics using a machine learning model, automatically identifies the protocol type and parses the fields. At the same time, the characteristic parameters of the unknown protocol are stored in the protocol feature library, completing the feature library update and providing support for the access of similar protocols in the future.

[0033] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0034] 1. This application addresses the challenge of heterogeneous protocol compatibility and improves data access efficiency: It constructs a standardized system covering the entire process of "protocol scanning - protocol parsing - model mapping - rule adaptation," encompassing more than six mainstream protocols and IoT communication standards. This system enables automatic matching of known protocols and automatic identification and parsing of unknown protocols, breaking down protocol barriers between different manufacturers' devices. It eliminates the need to deploy dedicated access devices for different protocols, reducing hardware procurement and maintenance costs, avoiding data transmission delays or losses, and improving centralized data management efficiency. Simultaneously, it promotes the development of enterprise / industry standards for online monitoring devices based on IEC 61850, enabling devices to be "interconnected and mutually recognized."

[0035] 2. This application enhances data processing capabilities and unlocks data value: The monitoring data is filtered, deduplicated, and noise-reduced through a data preprocessing unit, eliminating redundant and non-critical data, reducing data storage and computing resource consumption, improving the analysis and response speed of critical fault data, realizing sensitive perception and accurate judgment of equipment status, and providing high-quality data source support for advanced applications such as smart grid diagnosis and tripping judgment.

[0036] 3. This application enhances the system's scalability and scenario adaptability: It adopts a reconfigurable component design, which breaks down the core functions into independent modular components, supports "plug and play" and dynamic scheduling of components. When faced with the access of new devices, adjustment of requirements or expansion of scenarios, it is only necessary to add, replace or upgrade the corresponding components without reconstructing the entire system, shortening the transformation cycle, reducing transformation costs, ensuring system stability and meeting the flexible expansion needs of the smart grid.

[0037] 4. This application constructs a full-process security protection system to ensure data interaction security: Based on the national cryptographic algorithm, a dedicated encrypted tunnel and a two-way identity authentication mechanism are constructed. Combined with lightweight distributed authentication, trusted terminal verification, and refined access control, the system achieves full-process security protection for data interaction between the gateway and the terminal, and the new generation of centralized control system, balancing system scalability and security, and meeting the security requirements of the power dispatching production control area.

[0038] 5. This application reduces operating costs, improves operation and maintenance efficiency, and enhances social benefits: By providing "one-stop multi-protocol compatibility" capabilities, it reduces investment in dedicated hardware and system upgrade costs, thereby lowering the operation and maintenance costs throughout the entire equipment lifecycle; it enables comprehensive perception and unified management of equipment status, reducing the blindness and lag of manual inspections, effectively resisting external risks under extreme weather conditions, maintaining grid stability, and enhancing society's ability to respond to sudden power crises; at the same time, it optimizes equipment operating efficiency, reduces substation energy consumption and carbon emissions, and promotes the green development of smart grids.

[0039] To make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0040] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only five of the drawings in this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the module structure of the smart terminal of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the data collection method of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the protocol adaptation module of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the reconfigurable processing module of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the safety protection module of the present invention;

[0046] In the diagram: 1-Protocol adaptation module, 2-Reconfigurable processing module, 3-Security protection module, 4-Data interaction module; 5-Power supply module;

[0047] 11-Protocol scanning unit, 12-Protocol parsing unit, 13-Unified data model unit, 14-Protocol conversion rule base;

[0048] 21-Data preprocessing unit, 22-Component management unit, 23-Resource scheduling unit, 24-Scenario configuration unit;

[0049] 31-Encrypted tunnel unit, 32-Identity authentication unit, 33-Trusted verification unit, 34-Access control unit. Detailed Implementation

[0050] Embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While some embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of the invention. It should be understood that the drawings and embodiments of the invention are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the invention.

[0051] The names of messages or information exchanged between the various devices, systems, equipment, and modules in the embodiments of this invention are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of these messages or information.

[0052] Example 1

[0053] like Figure 1-5 As shown, this application discloses a smart terminal for local data aggregation in substations that supports multi-protocol heterogeneous access.

[0054] like Figure 1As shown, the smart terminal provided in this embodiment includes a protocol adaptation module 1, a reconfigurable processing module 2, a security protection module 3, a data interaction module 4, and a power module 5. Each module is connected through a standardized interface to collaboratively achieve standardized access, efficient processing, flexible expansion, and secure transmission of heterogeneous data with multiple protocols.

[0055] Protocol adaptation module 1, as the core of data access, is responsible for the automatic identification, parsing, and standardized conversion of heterogeneous data from multiple protocols. Its internal structure is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, it includes a protocol scanning unit 11, a protocol parsing unit 12, a unified data model unit 13, and a protocol conversion rule base 14.

[0056] The protocol scanning unit 11 uses technologies such as port detection, frame structure analysis, and transmission frequency statistics to establish a protocol feature library containing features such as Modbus frame header identifiers and IEC 60870-5-104 start characters. When a monitoring device is connected, it automatically detects its communication parameters and compares them with the protocol feature library to achieve rapid matching of known protocols. For unknown protocols that are not matched, it records their frame structure, transmission rate, data field length, and other characteristic parameters and stores them in a local database to provide a basis for subsequent analysis.

[0057] The protocol parsing unit 12 introduces the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification algorithm from machine learning, collects protocol samples from more than 10 mainstream manufacturers and more than 20 different types of monitoring equipment, constructs a training dataset containing protocol type, data fields, and semantic definitions, trains a field identification model, and the model's recognition accuracy is no less than 98%. When accessing devices with unknown protocols, the model analyzes the feature parameters of the unknown protocol to achieve automatic field identification and semantic parsing, without requiring the manufacturer to provide protocol documents, and has the capability of protocol parsing without manufacturer cooperation. It also supports the parsing of mainstream protocols such as IEC 61850, Modbus TCP / RTU, IEC60870-5-101 / 104, LORA, and WAPI, with a parsing latency of no more than 100ms.

[0058] Based on IEC 61850-7-4 and IEC 61850-8-1 standards, and combined with the needs of substation monitoring in the province, the Unified Data Model Unit 13 refines the modeling specifications for equipment such as transformers, GIS, and surge arresters, and unifies the definitions of logical nodes (such as MMXU and MMXN), data objects (such as A-phase voltage and B-phase current), and service interfaces. It constructs a unified data model covering "equipment status quantities (such as oil chromatography content and partial discharge quantity), fault characteristic quantities (such as insulation loss and discharge amplitude), and operating environment quantities (such as ambient temperature and humidity)," and clarifies more than 300 standard metadata items, including data identifiers, data types, units, accuracy, and update cycles, providing a benchmark for data standardization conversion. At the same time, it evaluates the compatibility of the IEC 61850 standard with substations in the province, and supplements and refines the adaptation rules for proprietary protocols of older equipment to meet the specific monitoring needs in the province.

[0059] The Protocol Conversion Rule Base 14 stores mapping rules between different protocols and a unified data model based on protocol difference analysis results. These rules include field mapping, semantic conversion, and format unification. It supports visual configuration of rules (adding, modifying, and deleting rules through a web interface) and dynamic updates (supporting remote push updates). For non-standard protocol data, it automatically calls the corresponding mapping rules to achieve automatic mapping to the unified data model, resolving semantic conflicts and format differences, with a conversion accuracy of no less than 99.5%.

[0060] Reconfigurable processing module 2 adopts a modular architecture to realize data preprocessing, dynamic scheduling, and component-based management. Its internal structure is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, it includes a data preprocessing unit 21, a component management unit 22, a resource scheduling unit 23, and a scene configuration unit 24.

[0061] The data preprocessing unit 21 uses a sliding window deduplication algorithm and a wavelet denoising algorithm to process the parsed monitoring data: it removes duplicate normal state data (redundant data) and auxiliary parameters (non-critical data) with low correlation to equipment faults, and retains critical data; the data compression ratio after processing is not less than 30%, which effectively reduces the data storage and computing pressure, and the analysis response delay of critical fault data does not exceed 500ms.

[0062] The component management unit 22 divides the core functions of the monitoring system into four independent modules: protocol parsing component, data acquisition component, data preprocessing component, and communication transmission component. It adopts the PCIe 4.0 standardized interface design, and clarifies the component interaction format (JSON format) and calling rules (RESTful API). It enables the registration, query, update and deletion of components, supports "plug and play" of components, and the deployment time of new components does not exceed 24 hours.

[0063] Resource scheduling unit 23 incorporates a component dynamic scheduling algorithm based on genetic algorithm, and designs adaptive strategies for scenarios such as new equipment, load fluctuations, and business adjustments: when a new type of monitoring device is connected, the protocol type is automatically identified and the matching protocol parsing component is called; when the data transmission load increases sharply (exceeding the preset threshold of 80%), computing resources (CPU, memory) are dynamically allocated to the data preprocessing component to avoid data backlog; when business requirements are adjusted (such as adding a fault early warning function), only the data preprocessing component needs to be replaced or upgraded, without the need to reconstruct the overall system architecture, reducing the transformation cost and cycle.

[0064] The scenario configuration unit 24 provides a web configuration interface, which allows users to preset component combinations and scheduling strategies according to different scenarios such as normal operation, emergency fault response, and maintenance. For example, in an emergency fault response scenario, the fault feature parsing component and the communication transmission component are scheduled first to improve the fault data transmission speed and shorten the fault response time.

[0065] Security protection module 3 is used to ensure data interaction security and complies with "GB / T 39786-2021 Information Security Technology - Basic Requirements for Cryptographic Application in Information Systems". Its internal structure is as follows: Figure 5 As shown, it includes an encrypted tunnel unit 31, an identity authentication unit 32, a trusted verification unit 33, and an access control unit 34.

[0066] The encrypted tunnel unit 31 is based on the national cryptographic SM4 algorithm and is a dedicated encrypted tunnel for the gateway and the new generation of centralized control system. It supports differentiated communication links such as 5G and 485 wired networks. The tunnel encryption strength is no less than 128 bits and the data transmission rate is no less than 100Mbps to ensure the confidentiality of transmitted data.

[0067] The identity authentication unit 32, combined with the digital certificate system, constructs a lightweight distributed authentication mechanism: the digital certificate system includes a certificate management system (responsible for certificate issuance and revocation), a certificate database (stores certificate information), a hardware encryption card (ensuring the security of encryption operations), and a USB Key (used for personnel identification and operation authorization); when the terminal interacts with the gateway and the new generation centralized control system, two-way identity authentication is achieved through digital certificates, with an authentication success rate of no less than 99.9%, while meeting the lightweight operation requirements of the terminal (authentication memory usage does not exceed 100MB).

[0068] The trusted verification unit 33 deploys a firmware integrity verification module on the local terminal side. It uses a hash algorithm (SHA-256) to periodically verify the terminal firmware. The verification cycle is configurable (1-24 hours). When firmware tampering is detected, an alarm is automatically triggered and data transmission is cut off to achieve security immunity for important services.

[0069] The access control unit 34 adopts a role-based access control (RBAC) model, which divides users into different roles such as administrators, maintenance personnel, and monitoring personnel, and assigns different data access and operation permissions. Different security policies are set for different data transmission directions (terminal → gateway, gateway → terminal) to achieve fine-grained access control and ensure the compliance of data interaction.

[0070] The data interaction module 4 adopts a multi-interface design including Ethernet (RJ45), RS485, and 5G modules, supporting data transmission with various monitoring devices, gateways, and the new generation centralized control system within the substation. Based on the IEC 61850 protocol, it forwards standardized data to the new generation centralized control system through the service gateway, supporting breakpoint resume and redundancy backup functions. When the communication link is interrupted, it automatically resumes the transmission of uncompleted data when the connection is restored, and the data transmission reliability is not less than 99.99%.

[0071] Power module 5 adopts a dual power supply redundancy design, supports AC 220V (±10%) and DC 110V / 220V (±15%) input, and has overvoltage, overcurrent and undervoltage protection functions with configurable protection thresholds. When the main power supply fails, it automatically switches to the backup power supply with a switching time of no more than 10ms, ensuring long-term stable operation of the terminal (annual average fault-free operation time of no less than 8000 hours).

[0072] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, another technical solution provided by the present invention is: as follows Figure 2 As shown, the method provided in this embodiment is based on the smart terminal in Embodiment 1, and provides a method for local data collection in substations that supports heterogeneous access of multiple protocols, including the following steps:

[0073] Step 1: Protocol Scanning and Identification

[0074] After the smart terminal is powered on, the protocol scanning unit 11 begins to detect the communication ports, data frame structures, transmission frequencies, and other characteristics of various online monitoring devices (such as oil chromatography monitoring devices, GIS partial discharge monitoring devices, surge arrester monitoring devices, etc.) in the substation. The detected feature parameters are compared with the protocol feature library. If a match is found, the protocol type is determined, and the automatic identification of known protocols is completed. If a match is not found, the feature parameters of the unknown protocol are recorded and stored in the local database. At the same time, the field identification model of the protocol parsing unit 12 is started to automatically identify and parse the unknown protocol to obtain the meaning and format of the data fields.

[0075] Step 2: Data Analysis and Standardization Transformation

[0076] The protocol parsing unit 12 calls the corresponding protocol parsing algorithm according to the identified protocol type to parse the data transmitted by the monitoring device and extract monitoring data such as equipment status quantities, fault characteristic quantities, and operating environment quantities. The unified data model unit 13 calls the unified data model, and the protocol conversion rule base 14 calls the mapping rules between the corresponding protocol and the unified data model to automatically map the parsed heterogeneous protocol data (such as register data of the Modbus protocol) to the unified data model and convert it into the dataset format of the IEC 61850 standard. This completes the standardization conversion of data format and semantics and solves the semantic conflicts and format differences between different protocols.

[0077] Step 3: Data Preprocessing and Optimization

[0078] The data preprocessing unit 21 processes the standardized and transformed monitoring data: it uses a sliding window deduplication algorithm to remove duplicate normal state data, a wavelet denoising algorithm to remove interference noise from the data, and removes auxiliary parameters with low correlation to equipment failure (such as non-abnormal fluctuation data of equipment casing temperature); the processed key data is stored in a local cache, and the data priority is marked (fault data is high priority, and normal state data is low priority) to support subsequent data transmission and analysis.

[0079] Step 4: Dynamic scheduling of components and data transmission

[0080] Resource scheduling unit 23 monitors the current system operation status in real time, including the number of connected devices, data transmission load, and business requirements. It achieves adaptive scheduling of components through dynamic scheduling algorithms: when a new type of monitoring device is connected, its protocol type is automatically identified and the matching protocol parsing component is called; when the data transmission load increases sharply (exceeding the preset threshold of 80%), CPU and memory resources are dynamically allocated to the data preprocessing component to speed up data processing and avoid data backlog; when business requirements are adjusted (such as adding a fault warning function), the data preprocessing component is replaced or upgraded through component management unit 22 without reconstructing the overall system architecture.

[0081] Data interaction module 4 transmits preprocessed standardized data to the gateway through a dedicated encrypted tunnel according to data priority. During the transmission process, breakpoint resume and redundancy backup functions are enabled. After receiving the data, the gateway forwards the data to upper-level platforms such as the new generation centralized control system based on the IEC 61850 protocol to realize centralized management and subsequent analysis of monitoring data.

[0082] Step 5: Security Protection and System Adaptation

[0083] Security Protection Module 3 ensures data interaction security throughout the process: Identity Authentication Unit 32 realizes two-way identity authentication between the terminal and the gateway and the new generation centralized control system. Only authenticated devices can interact with data; Encryption Tunnel Unit 31 encrypts the transmitted data to prevent data theft and tampering; Trusted Verification Unit 33 periodically verifies the integrity of the terminal firmware. If tampering is detected, an alarm is immediately triggered and data transmission is cut off; Access Control Unit 34 implements fine-grained access control based on user role and data transmission direction to prohibit unauthorized access.

[0084] When a new type of monitoring device is connected, the corresponding protocol parsing component is added through the component management unit 22, and the scenario configuration unit 24 adjusts the component combination and scheduling strategy to achieve rapid access of the new device. When the monitoring requirements are adjusted or the application scenario is expanded, only the corresponding functional components need to be replaced or upgraded to achieve flexible system adaptation.

[0085] Step 6: Full-process verification and maintenance

[0086] Regularly conduct full-process verification: verify the compatibility of protocol adaptation module 1 with the communication protocols of various monitoring devices to ensure accurate data transmission when devices with different protocols are connected; verify the data format conversion function to ensure that the converted data is consistent with the standard metadata format; verify the data access standardization to ensure that the terminal can stably and accurately access the system; verify the reliability of data transmission by setting up complex scenarios such as link interruption, congestion, and packet loss through a network simulator; and conduct special security verification to test the success rate of two-way identity authentication, the encrypted data transmission rate, and the decryption accuracy.

[0087] The monitoring and maintenance module monitors the component's operating status and system performance in real time. When a component fails, it automatically triggers redundancy switching and activates the backup component to ensure stable system operation. It also supports remote dynamic updates of protocol conversion rules and component configurations, improving system adaptability and reducing maintenance costs.

[0088] Note that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions can be made without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in detail through the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include many other equivalent embodiments without departing from the concept of the present invention, the scope of which is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A smart terminal for local data aggregation in substations that supports multi-protocol heterogeneous access, characterized in that, It includes a terminal housing and integrated within the housing, a protocol adaptation module, a reconfigurable processing module, a security protection module, a data interaction module, and a power supply module. These modules work together to achieve efficient collection, standardized conversion, and secure transmission of existing monitoring data in the substation. The protocol adaptation module includes a protocol scanning unit, a protocol parsing unit, a unified data model unit, and a protocol conversion rule base. It is used to parse the mainstream monitoring protocols of substations, construct a unified data model and a protocol conversion rule base, and realize the automatic mapping of non-standard protocol data to the unified model. The reconfigurable processing module includes a data preprocessing unit, a component management unit, a resource scheduling unit, and a scene configuration unit. It adopts a modular architecture, splits the component management unit, and uses a dynamic scheduling algorithm to achieve adaptive component adaptation. The security protection module includes an encrypted tunnel unit, an identity authentication unit, a trusted verification unit, and an access control unit, which are used to build a full-process security protection system and realize encrypted data transmission and identity authentication between the gateway, the new generation centralized control system, and local terminals. The data interaction module enables data transmission between the terminal and the monitoring device, gateway, and new-generation centralized control system. The power module supplies power to each module.

2. The intelligent terminal for local data aggregation in substations supporting multi-protocol heterogeneous access as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The protocol adaptation module is based on the IEC 61850 protocol, analyzes its core elements with Modbus RTU / TCP and IEC60870-5-101 / 104 protocols, unifies the definition of related protocol interfaces and supports mainstream IoT communication standards. The protocol scanning unit detects and monitors the communication port, data frame structure, and transmission frequency characteristics of the monitoring device to establish a protocol feature library; it also enables automatic matching of known protocols and records the feature parameters of unknown protocols. The protocol parsing unit employs a support vector machine algorithm and trains a field identification model based on specification samples to achieve automatic identification and parsing of unknown specifications.

3. The intelligent terminal for local data aggregation in substations supporting multi-protocol heterogeneous access as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The unified data model covers data related to equipment status, fault characteristics, and operating environment, and clarifies the monitoring data standard metadata. The protocol conversion rule base is used to store protocol mapping rules, supports visual configuration and dynamic updates, and can quickly add new protocols and adapt to the private protocols of old devices.

4. The intelligent terminal for local data aggregation in substations supporting multi-protocol heterogeneous access as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The component management unit breaks down the core functions into independent components for protocol parsing, data acquisition, data preprocessing, and communication transmission. It adopts a standardized interface design, supports plug-and-play functionality of components, and allows for the replacement or upgrading of corresponding functional components according to business needs. The resource scheduling unit uses a genetic algorithm to achieve adaptive scheduling for scenarios involving new equipment, load fluctuations, and service adjustments. The scenario configuration unit allows users to preset component combinations and scheduling strategies according to different operating scenarios of the substation, thereby realizing customized configuration of system functions.

5. A smart terminal for local data aggregation in substations supporting multi-protocol heterogeneous access as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The data preprocessing unit uses sliding window deduplication and wavelet denoising algorithms to filter, deduplicatize, and denoise the monitoring data, eliminating redundant and non-critical data.

6. The intelligent terminal for local data aggregation in substations supporting multi-protocol heterogeneous access as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The security protection module conforms to the GB / T 39786-2021 standard and adopts the national cryptographic algorithm; the encryption tunnel unit constructs a dedicated encryption tunnel with an encryption strength of not less than 128 bits; the identity authentication unit constructs a lightweight distributed authentication mechanism to achieve two-way identity authentication; the trusted verification unit achieves security immunity through terminal firmware integrity verification; and the access control unit achieves fine-grained access control. The security protection module also includes a digital certificate module, which includes a certificate management submodule, a certificate database, a hardware encryption card, and a USB key. It provides cryptographic services such as security tag generation and digital certificate issuance for secure interaction, ensuring data transmission and operation and maintenance security.

7. A smart terminal for local data aggregation in substations supporting multi-protocol heterogeneous access as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The data interaction module adopts a multi-interface design, supports Ethernet, RS485 and 5G communication, and supports breakpoint resume and redundant backup.

8. A smart terminal for local data aggregation in substations supporting multi-protocol heterogeneous access as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The power module adopts a dual power supply redundancy design, supports AC / DC input and overvoltage, overcurrent and undervoltage protection.

9. A method for local data aggregation in substations supporting heterogeneous access via multiple protocols, characterized in that, Applied to the smart terminal according to any one of claims 1-8, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Protocol scanning and identification. The communication characteristics of the monitoring device, such as the communication port, data frame structure, and transmission frequency, are detected by the protocol scanning unit. Known protocols are automatically matched by comparing with the protocol feature library. Unknown protocols are automatically identified and parsed by the field identification model. The feature parameters of unknown protocols are stored in the local database to provide a basis for subsequent parsing. Step 2: Data parsing and standardization transformation. The monitoring data is parsed through the protocol parsing unit, and the unified data model and protocol conversion rule base are called to complete the standardization transformation of heterogeneous data into a unified data model. Step 3: Data preprocessing and optimization. The data preprocessing unit uses a sliding window deduplication algorithm and a wavelet denoising algorithm to filter, deduplicate, and denoise the standardized data, remove redundant and non-critical data, and mark the data priority. Step 4: Component dynamic scheduling and data transmission. The resource scheduling unit realizes the adaptive scheduling of components. The data interaction module transmits the pre-processed data to the gateway machine through a dedicated encrypted tunnel. The gateway machine then forwards the data to the new generation centralized control system and other upper-level platforms, enabling breakpoint resume and redundant backup functions. Step 5: Security Protection and System Adaptation. The security protection module provides full-process security protection. When a new type of monitoring device is connected, a corresponding protocol parsing component is added and the scenario configuration is adjusted. When business requirements change, the corresponding functional components are replaced or upgraded without reconstructing the overall system architecture. Step 6: Full-process verification and operation and maintenance. Regularly conduct verification of protocol adaptation, data conversion, access specifications, transmission reliability and security protection, monitor the running status of components in real time, and support dynamic updates of rules and component configurations.

10. A method for local data aggregation in a substation supporting multi-protocol heterogeneous access according to claim 9, characterized in that, The protocol matching process is as follows: If a match is successful, the parsing unit of the corresponding known protocol is invoked to accurately parse the data and extract the device monitoring data and status information; If a match fails, it is determined to be an unknown protocol. The unknown protocol identification unit is then activated, which analyzes the protocol characteristics using a machine learning model, automatically identifies the protocol type and parses the fields. At the same time, the characteristic parameters of the unknown protocol are stored in the protocol feature library, completing the feature library update and providing support for the access of similar protocols in the future.

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