Method and device for simultaneous transmission of power and data based on reconfigurable holographic super surface

Abstract

This application proposes a method and apparatus for simultaneous data and energy transmission based on a reconfigurable holographic metasurface. The method includes: controlling the initial phase of multiple signal components in different frequency bands within a signal transmitter to align the phases of these components, ensuring that all signal components reach peak power at a specific sampling time at the signal receiver; and optimizing the radiated power of each frequency band using the Lagrange multiplier method based on the total radiated power of the transmitter and the minimum communication energy constraint of the receiver, thereby maximizing energy transmission at the transmitter. The embodiments of this application can maximize energy transmission efficiency while ensuring communication service quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of wireless communication technology, specifically to a method and apparatus for simultaneous data and energy transmission based on a reconfigurable holographic metasurface. Background Technology

[0002] The large-scale deployment of IoT devices globally faces severe energy bottlenecks. Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT) technology, which transmits data and energy simultaneously via radio frequency signals, has become an effective solution to this problem. Traditional phased array (PA) architectures rely on high-resolution phase shifters, resulting in high cost, high power consumption, and limited scalability. Reconfigurable holographic surfaces (RHS) employ a low-cost amplitude control mechanism, enabling the implementation of larger-scale arrays at the same cost, thus providing the hardware foundation for large-scale SWIPT.

[0003] However, the serial feeding architecture of RHS introduces three key challenges: inter-cell radiative coupling makes accurate power modeling difficult; amplitude control mechanisms render traditional phase beamforming schemes ineffective; and constant amplitude configuration leads to multi-carrier signal coupling. Existing technologies lack adaptation methods for the characteristics of RHS, making it impossible to maximize energy transmission efficiency while ensuring communication service quality. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, this application proposes a method and apparatus for simultaneous data and energy transmission based on a reconfigurable holographic metasurface, in order to solve the problem that the existing technology lacks an adaptation method for RHS characteristics and cannot maximize energy transmission efficiency while ensuring the quality of communication services.

[0005] The first aspect of this application proposes a method for simultaneous data and energy transfer based on a reconfigurable holographic metasurface, the method comprising: The initial phases of multiple signal components in different frequency bands within the control signal transmitter are aligned to ensure that all multiple signal components reach their power peak at a specific sampling time at the signal receiver. When all of the multiple signal components reach their peak power at a specific sampling time at the signal receiver, the radiation power of each frequency band is optimized using the Lagrange multiplier method based on the total radiated power of the signal transmitter and the minimum communication energy constraint of the signal receiver, so as to maximize the energy transmission of the signal transmitter.

[0006] This application embodiment controls the initial phase of signal components in different frequency bands, enabling each component to be superimposed in phase at a specific sampling moment at the signal receiver, thus forming coherent synthesis. This phase alignment mechanism concentrates energy dispersed across various moments in the time domain to a single sampling point, significantly improving the instantaneous power peak and matching the nonlinear rectification characteristics of the energy harvesting circuit, thereby improving the efficiency of converting radio frequency energy into DC power.

[0007] This application's embodiments achieve optimal power allocation under total power and communication quality constraints by optimizing the radiated power of each frequency band using the Lagrange multiplier method, based on phase alignment to ensure time-domain energy focusing. This method adaptively adjusts power according to the channel conditions of each frequency band, prioritizing the allocation of limited transmit power to bands with favorable channel conditions, avoiding waste of power resources, and expanding the system's rate energy boundary.

[0008] In this embodiment, the reconfigurable holographic metasurface comprises multiple metasurface units connected in series; each metasurface unit has a corresponding leakage rate and activation probability; signal components of different frequency bands are emitted by different metasurface units; the method further includes: For any one of the plurality of metasurface units, the power conversion probability of the metasurface unit is calculated based on the leakage rate and the activation probability of the metasurface unit. The radiant power of the metasurface unit is calculated based on the radiant power of the previous metasurface unit and the power conversion probability.

[0009] In this embodiment of the application, the power conversion probability of the metasurface unit is calculated based on the leakage rate and the activation probability of the metasurface unit, including:

[0010] in, Indicates the power conversion probability. This indicates the probability of the corresponding cell being turned on. This indicates the leakage rate of the corresponding unit.

[0011] In this embodiment of the application, the method further includes: Based on the total radiated power of the signal transmitter, the minimum energy transmission constraint of the signal receiver, and the channel states of multiple frequency bands, the communication power of each frequency band is optimized using the Lagrange multiplier method to maximize the communication transmission of the signal transmitter.

[0012] In this embodiment of the application, based on the total radiated power of the signal transmitting end and the minimum communication energy constraint of the signal receiving end, the radiated power of each frequency band is optimized using the Lagrange multiplier method, including: An optimization model is established with the goal of maximizing energy transmission. The radiated power of each frequency band is used as the variable to be optimized. The objective function of the optimization model is configured to maximize the total energy of all frequency bands reaching the receiver after transmission through the channel. The optimization model is subject to two constraints: the first constraint is that the sum of the radiated power of all frequency bands at the signal transmitter does not exceed the upper limit of the total radiated power; the second constraint is that the communication energy received by the signal receiver is not lower than the minimum energy threshold. A first Lagrange multiplier is introduced to correspond to the total radiated power upper limit constraint, and a second Lagrange multiplier is introduced to correspond to the minimum energy threshold constraint. A Lagrange function is constructed based on the objective function and the two constraints. Solving the Lagrange function yields the optimized radiated power for each frequency band.

[0013] In this embodiment of the application, the initial phase of multiple signal components in different frequency bands within the control signal transmitting end is aligned to achieve phase alignment of the multiple signal components, including: The propagation path delay of the multiple signal components is obtained as they propagate to the signal receiving end through each metasurface unit of the reconfigurable holographic metasurface. Calculate the required phase compensation value for each signal component based on the center frequency of each frequency band and the propagation path delay; Configure the phase response of each metasurface unit in each frequency band according to the phase compensation value to compensate for the phase difference caused by the propagation path delay, so that the multiple signal components coherently superimpose at a specific sampling time at the signal receiving end and reach the power peak.

[0014] In this embodiment of the application, calculating the radiant power of the metasurface unit based on the radiant power of the previous metasurface unit and the power conversion probability includes: For the first metasurface unit among the multiple series-connected metasurface units, the radiated power of the first metasurface unit is calculated based on the total radiated power of the signal transmitting end and the power conversion probability of the first metasurface unit. For any metasurface unit other than the first metasurface unit among the plurality of metasurface units, the radiated power of the metasurface unit is calculated based on the power conversion probability of the metasurface unit and the radiated power of the preceding metasurface unit.

[0015] An embodiment of the second aspect of this application provides a data-energy transfer device based on a reconfigurable holographic metasurface, comprising: The phase alignment module is used to control the initial phase of multiple signal components of different frequency bands in the signal transmitting end to align the phases of the multiple signal components so that the multiple signal components all reach the power peak at a specific sampling time in the signal receiving end. The radiated power optimization module is used to optimize the radiated power of each frequency band by using the Lagrange multiplier method, based on the total radiated power of the signal transmitter and the minimum communication energy constraint of the signal receiver, when the multiple signal components all reach their power peak at a specific sampling time at the signal receiver, so as to maximize the energy transmission of the signal transmitter.

[0016] An embodiment of the third aspect of this application provides a computer device including a memory and a processor, the memory and the processor being communicatively connected to each other, the memory storing computer instructions, and the processor executing the computer instructions to perform the data-energy simultaneous transmission method based on reconfigurable holographic metasurfaces described in the first aspect above.

[0017] An embodiment of the fourth aspect of this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing a computer to execute the data-energy simultaneous transmission method based on a reconfigurable holographic metasurface described in the first aspect.

[0018] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings: Figure 1 A schematic flowchart of a data-energy transfer method based on a reconfigurable holographic metasurface provided in an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a data-energy transmission device based on a reconfigurable holographic metasurface provided in an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 3 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a computer device according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a storage medium provided in one embodiment of this application is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0020] Exemplary embodiments of this application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of this application are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that this application may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of this application and to fully convey the scope of this application to those skilled in the art.

[0021] It should be noted that, unless otherwise stated, the technical or scientific terms used in this application shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains.

[0022] The technical scenarios involved in the embodiments of this application are described below.

[0023] The rapid development of global Internet of Things (IoT) networks has led to the deployment of millions of small, low-complexity, and low-power IoT devices in smart cities, requiring large-scale, sustainable energy supplies. Manually replacing or recharging batteries incurs high maintenance costs.

[0024] Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT) has emerged as a promising technology that simultaneously delivers data and power to low-power devices via radio frequency (RF) beams. In recent years, massively multi-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology has been extensively studied to achieve high spatial gain and mitigate interference, thereby improving power transfer and communication performance. However, the phased arrays (PAs) used in traditional massively multi-input multiple-output (MIMO) rely on high-resolution phase shifters to achieve phase-controlled beamforming. This results in high hardware implementation costs and enormous power consumption proportional to the array size, jointly hindering the scalable deployment required for large-scale IoT SWIPT environments.

[0025] To overcome this limitation, reconfigurable holographic surfaces (RHS) integrating a large number of subwavelength metamaterial units have been proposed as a cost-effective alternative. RHS can be implemented entirely with low-cost components and can accommodate a far greater number of array elements than traditional PAs at the same hardware cost, significantly improving antenna gain and beam manipulation capabilities, and providing feasibility for realizing low-cost, large-scale SWIPT systems.

[0026] However, the unique architecture of RHS, especially its serial amplitude control characteristics, also introduces new challenges that have not yet been fully addressed by existing technologies: First, RHS excites radiating elements through serial feeding, which introduces mutual radiative coupling, resulting in a lack of a clear analytical expression for the radiated power of each element; Second, RHS achieves beamforming through amplitude control rather than phase control, rendering traditional phase-based SWIPT beamforming schemes ineffective; Third, the amplitude configuration of RHS remains unchanged across all subcarriers in the entire frequency band, causing coupling between signals of different frequencies.

[0027] This invention is designed to solve the aforementioned core technical problems faced by RHS in the application of SWIPT systems.

[0028] This invention aims to establish a statistical model for accurately capturing serial power coupling (RHS), and based on this, to design multi-carrier signal beamforming and waveform design algorithms suitable for its inherent coupling mechanism. Ultimately, this invention provides a high-gain method for simultaneous data and energy transmission, thereby fully leveraging the hardware advantages of RHS and significantly expanding the achievable rate-energy (RE) boundary of the system.

[0029] According to an embodiment of this application, a method for simultaneous data and energy transmission based on a reconfigurable holographic metasurface is provided. It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart in the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions. Furthermore, although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be executed in a different order than that shown here.

[0030] This embodiment provides a method for simultaneous data and energy transfer based on a reconfigurable holographic metasurface. Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a number-energy simultaneous transfer method based on a reconfigurable holographic metasurface according to an embodiment of this application, as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the process includes the following steps: Step S101: The initial phases of multiple signal components in different frequency bands within the control signal transmitter are phase aligned so that the multiple signal components all reach their power peak at a specific sampling time at the signal receiver.

[0031] Specifically, the signal transmitter is equipped with a reconfigurable holographic surface (RHS) as a transmitting antenna array to generate a directional beam, which simultaneously carries communication and energy transmission. By adjusting the amplitude (rather than the phase) of each metasurface unit in the RHS, the beam pointing and shape can be flexibly controlled.

[0032] In some specific embodiments, step S101 above includes steps S1011-S1013: Step S1011: Obtain the propagation path delay of the multiple signal components as they propagate to the signal receiving end through each metasurface unit of the reconfigurable holographic metasurface.

[0033] Specifically, each signal component has a different propagation path from its corresponding metasurface unit to the signal receiver. Based on this, the time delay (required propagation time) for multiple signal components to reach the signal receiver through different propagation paths is different.

[0034] Step S1012: Calculate the phase compensation value required for each signal component based on the center frequency of each frequency band and the propagation path delay.

[0035] Specifically, the time delay can be converted into the phase quantity that needs to be compensated, as shown in the following formula:

[0036] in, This represents the phase compensation value. Indicates the first The center frequency of each frequency band Indicates the first The propagation path delay of each frequency band; different frequency bands correspond to different phase compensation values.

[0037] The embodiments of this application compensate for the phase lag caused by propagation delay, so that each signal component arrives with "zero phase difference".

[0038] Step S1013: Configure the phase response of each metasurface unit in each frequency band according to the phase compensation value to compensate for the phase difference caused by the propagation path delay, so that the multiple signal components coherently superimpose at a specific sampling time at the signal receiving end and reach the power peak.

[0039] Specifically, by adjusting the phase response of each metasurface unit through phase compensation value, the phase characteristics of each metasurface in each frequency band are changed, so that the signal components of each frequency band are superimposed in phase at the signal receiving end after propagation through different metasurface units.

[0040] In some specific embodiments, the reconfigurable holographic metasurface includes multiple metasurface units connected in series; each metasurface unit has a corresponding leakage rate and activation probability; signal components of different frequency bands are emitted by different metasurface units.

[0041] Specifically, the leakage rate refers to the proportion (0-1) of the feed energy radiated into space by the metasurface unit, the turn-on probability refers to the probability that the metasurface unit is in the conduction state or the radiation state (reflecting amplitude control), and the series connection is used to characterize that energy flows through each metasurface unit sequentially along the feed line, and the output of the previous metasurface unit is the input of the next metasurface unit.

[0042] In some specific embodiments, the method further includes: Step a1: For any one of the plurality of metasurface units, calculate the power conversion probability of the metasurface unit based on the leakage rate and the activation probability of the metasurface unit.

[0043] Specifically, the power conversion probability can be calculated using the following formula:

[0044] in, Indicates the power conversion probability. This indicates the probability of the corresponding cell being turned on. This indicates the leakage rate of the corresponding unit.

[0045] Step a2: Calculate the radiation power of the metasurface unit based on the radiation power of the previous metasurface unit and the power conversion probability.

[0046] In some specific embodiments, step a2 above includes steps a21-a22: Step a21: For the first metasurface unit among the multiple metasurface units connected in series, calculate the radiation power of the first metasurface unit based on the total radiation power of the signal transmitting end and the power conversion probability of the first metasurface unit.

[0047] Specifically, as shown in the following formula:

[0048] in, This represents the first metasurface unit in a plurality of metasurface units. This represents the total radiated power at the signal transmitter. This represents the power conversion probability of the first metasurface unit.

[0049] Step a22: For any metasurface unit other than the first metasurface unit among the plurality of metasurface units, calculate the radiated power of the metasurface unit based on the power conversion probability of the metasurface unit and the radiated power of the preceding metasurface unit of the metasurface unit.

[0050] Specifically, serial coupling is resolved by establishing a power recursive relationship between metasurface units, i.e., the remaining power of the previous metasurface unit = the input power of the current metasurface unit, as expressed by the following formula:

[0051] in, This represents the input power of the current metasurface unit. This represents the remaining power of the previous metasurface unit. Represents the energy conversion probability of the current metasurface unit, the th i The radiated power of a metasurface unit depends on the power conversion probability of all preceding metasurface units, reflecting the serial coupling characteristic.

[0052] This application embodiment combines the amplitude control parameter (on probability) with the physical radiation characteristics (leakage rate) through the power conversion probability to realize the recursive calculation of the radiated power of each metasurface unit, providing an analytical basis for beamforming optimization.

[0053] Step S102: When the multiple signal components all reach their power peak at a specific sampling time at the signal receiver, the radiation power of each frequency band is optimized using the Lagrange multiplier method based on the total radiated power of the signal transmitter and the minimum communication energy constraint of the signal receiver, so as to maximize the energy transmission of the signal transmitter.

[0054] In some specific embodiments, step S102 above includes steps S1021-S1023: Step S1021: Establish an optimization model with the goal of maximizing energy transmission, using the radiated power of each frequency band as the variable to be optimized. The objective function of the optimization model is configured to maximize the total energy of all frequency bands after transmission through the channel to the receiver.

[0055] In some specific embodiments, the objective function is shown in the following formula:

[0056] in, This represents the total energy reaching the receiver after transmission through the channel across all frequency bands. Indicates the first k Radiated power of each frequency band Indicates the first k Channel power gain (e.g., path loss) for each frequency band.

[0057] Specifically, the optimization model is subject to two constraints: the first constraint is that the sum of the radiated power of all frequency bands at the signal transmitter does not exceed the upper limit of the total radiated power, as shown in the following formula:

[0058] in, Indicates the first k Radiated power of each frequency band Indicates the number of frequency bands. This indicates the upper limit of total radiated power.

[0059] The second constraint is that the communication energy received by the signal receiver is not lower than the minimum energy threshold. The upper limit of the total radiated power and the minimum energy threshold can be set according to actual conditions and are not specifically limited here.

[0060] Step S1022: Introduce a first Lagrange multiplier corresponding to the upper limit constraint of total radiated power, and introduce a second Lagrange multiplier corresponding to the minimum energy threshold constraint, and construct a Lagrange function based on the objective function and the two constraints.

[0061] Specifically, firstly, for the upper limit constraint of total radiated power, a first Lagrange multiplier λ is introduced. This multiplier is a non-negative real number used to penalize cases where the total radiated power exceeds the upper limit. Secondly, for the minimum energy threshold constraint, a second Lagrange multiplier μ is introduced. This multiplier is also a non-negative real number used to penalize cases where the communication energy at the receiving end is below the threshold. Then, the objective function is combined with the two constraints to construct the Lagrange function: subtracting the product of the first Lagrange multiplier and the violation of the upper limit constraint of total radiated power from the objective function, and adding the product of the second Lagrange multiplier and the violation of the minimum energy threshold constraint, transforms the original constrained optimization problem into an unconstrained optimization problem.

[0062] Step S1023: Solve the Lagrange function to obtain the optimized radiated power for each frequency band.

[0063] Specifically, in solving the Lagrange function, firstly, the partial derivatives of the Lagrange function with respect to the radiated power of each frequency band are calculated and set to zero to obtain the expression for the radiated power of each frequency band with respect to two Lagrange multipliers. Then, the two Lagrange multipliers are iteratively updated using the dual ascent method or the subgradient method: if the current solution violates the upper limit constraint of total radiated power, the first Lagrange multiplier is increased; if the current solution violates the minimum energy threshold constraint, the second Lagrange multiplier is increased; if the constraints are satisfied and the multipliers converge, the iteration stops. Finally, the converged Lagrange multipliers are substituted into the expression for the radiated power of each frequency band to calculate the optimized radiated power of each frequency band.

[0064] In some specific embodiments, to address the problem that existing technologies lack adaptation methods for RHS characteristics and cannot maximize communication transmission efficiency while ensuring the quality of energy transmission service, the data-energy simultaneous transmission method based on reconfigurable holographic metasurfaces provided in this application further includes: Based on the total radiated power of the signal transmitter, the minimum energy transmission constraint of the signal receiver, and the channel states of multiple frequency bands, the communication power of each frequency band is optimized using the Lagrange multiplier method to maximize the communication transmission of the signal transmitter.

[0065] In this embodiment, the optimal power allocation for each frequency band can be derived based on the water-filling algorithm. Specifically, the limited total power is preferentially allocated to frequency bands with better channel conditions (i.e., lower noise and higher gain), while less or no power is allocated to frequency bands with poor channel conditions. This ensures that the advantage of good channel quality can be fully utilized even with limited total power, thereby achieving optimal spectral efficiency and data transmission rate. This invention analyzes the power allocation mechanism in multi-carrier systems and presents the waveform characteristics under joint optimization.

[0066] In some specific embodiments, optimizing the communication power of each frequency band using the Lagrange multiplier method includes the following steps b1-b6: Step b1: Establish a communication transmission optimization model. The communication power of each frequency band is used as the variable to be optimized. An objective function is constructed with the goal of maximizing the communication transmission power of all frequency bands. This objective function is the sum of the channel capacities of each frequency band, calculated using the Shannon formula. Two constraints are set: the first constraint is that the sum of the communication power of all frequency bands at the signal transmitter does not exceed the upper limit of the total radiated power; the second constraint is that the total energy collected by the signal receiver through each frequency band is not less than the minimum energy transmission threshold, which is determined based on the minimum operating power consumption of the IoT device.

[0067] Step b2: Construct the Lagrangian function. A first Lagrangian multiplier is introduced, corresponding to the upper limit constraint on total radiated power; this multiplier penalizes cases where the total power exceeds the limit. A second Lagrangian multiplier is introduced, corresponding to the minimum energy transfer threshold constraint; this multiplier penalizes cases where energy collection is insufficient. The objective function is then subtracted by the product of the first Lagrangian multiplier and the total power constraint violation, and then added to the product of the second Lagrangian multiplier and the energy constraint violation, forming the Lagrangian function. This transforms the constrained optimization problem into an unconstrained optimization problem.

[0068] Step b3: Solve for the Lagrange function to obtain the optimal communication power. Take the partial derivatives of the Lagrange function with respect to the communication power of each frequency band, and set the partial derivatives to zero to obtain the analytical expression for the communication power of each frequency band with respect to two Lagrange multipliers. The optimal communication power is directly proportional to the channel quality and inversely proportional to the equivalent cost, where the equivalent cost is determined by the product of the first Lagrange multiplier, the second Lagrange multiplier, and the energy conversion coefficient.

[0069] Step b4: Iteratively update the Lagrange multipliers. The subgradient method is used to iteratively update the two Lagrange multipliers: if the sum of the current communication power across all frequency bands exceeds the upper limit of the total radiated power, the first Lagrange multiplier is increased to tighten power allocation; if the current total collected energy is lower than the minimum energy transmission threshold, the second Lagrange multiplier is increased to strengthen energy security; if both constraints are satisfied and the change in multipliers is less than the preset precision, the iteration stops, and the converged Lagrange multiplier values ​​are output.

[0070] Step b5: Calculate the optimized communication power for each frequency band. Substitute the converged Lagrange multipliers into the analytical expression obtained in step three to calculate the final communication power allocation value for each frequency band. For frequency bands with negative calculation results, set their communication power to zero, retaining only non-negative values ​​as effective power allocation.

[0071] Step b6: Adapting to the characteristics of the reconfigurable holographic metasurface. The optimal communication power in the continuous domain is mapped to the discrete amplitude control state of the reconfigurable holographic metasurface. Based on the leakage rate and activation probability of each unit of the metasurface, the actual radiated power that each unit can support is calculated using a serial power recursive relationship. The optimization results are then corrected to ensure that the optimal communication transmission performance is approximated within the constraints of physical realizability.

[0072] In some specific embodiments, this invention further derives the joint performance limit for multi-user SWIPT systems. First, considering the constraint of diode reverse breakdown effect on energy harvesting, this invention establishes a nonlinear rectification model including reverse breakdown voltage constraints, and transforms the originally difficult-to-handle continuous-time power waveform constraint into a linear constraint on the received signal amplitude. Based on this, a joint optimization problem is constructed with the objective of maximizing the multi-user weighted sum rate while simultaneously satisfying the energy transfer threshold, total power limit, and diode breakdown voltage limit. To solve this non-convex problem, this invention introduces the weighted minimum mean square error (WMMSE) algorithm. By introducing auxiliary variables and a linear decoder, the original sum rate maximization problem is reconstructed into an equivalent weighted mean square error minimization problem, thereby giving the objective function a more tractable convex structure. Subsequently, this invention designs an iterative algorithm based on block coordinate descent (BCD) for joint solution: In each iteration, the RHS holographic beamforming matrix is ​​first fixed, and the non-convex energy transmission constraint is linearized using a first-order Taylor expansion. The optimal energy and information waveform parameters are then solved using the convex optimization tool CVX. Next, the waveform parameters are fixed, and the discrete binary switching states of the RHS are relaxed into continuous variables. The energy constraint is again processed using Taylor expansion to solve for the continuous holographic beamforming matrix of the RHS, and its discrete characteristics are restored after the solution. This algorithm alternately updates the waveform parameters, decoder, auxiliary variables, and RHS beamforming matrix until the objective function converges, thereby achieving a joint optimal configuration of communication rate and energy transmission efficiency under strict energy transmission and hardware constraints.

[0073] This invention comprehensively addresses the three major challenges of applying RHS to SWIPT: serial coupling modeling, amplitude-controlled beamforming, and multi-carrier transmission strategies. Compared to existing RHS schemes that only focus on single-communication, this invention establishes an accurate analytical model of RHS serial coupling and designs an optimal beamforming and multi-carrier transmission strategy considering RE trade-offs, significantly expanding the achievable RE boundary of the system.

[0074] Corresponding to the above implementation methods of the data-energy simultaneous transmission method based on reconfigurable holographic metasurfaces, this application also provides a data-energy simultaneous transmission device based on reconfigurable holographic metasurfaces, used to execute the data-energy simultaneous transmission method based on reconfigurable holographic metasurfaces described in any of the above embodiments. Figure 2 As shown, the data-energy simultaneous transmission device based on a reconfigurable holographic metasurface includes: The phase alignment module is used to control the initial phase of multiple signal components of different frequency bands in the signal transmitting end to align the phases of the multiple signal components so that the multiple signal components all reach the power peak at a specific sampling time in the signal receiving end. The radiated power optimization module is used to optimize the radiated power of each frequency band by using the Lagrange multiplier method, based on the total radiated power of the signal transmitter and the minimum communication energy constraint of the signal receiver, when the multiple signal components all reach their power peak at a specific sampling time at the signal receiver, so as to maximize the energy transmission of the signal transmitter.

[0075] Optionally, the device further includes: a radiation power calculation module, configured to calculate the power conversion probability of any one of the plurality of metasurface units based on the leakage rate and activation probability of the metasurface unit; and to calculate the radiation power of the metasurface unit based on the radiation power of the previous metasurface unit and the power conversion probability.

[0076] Optionally, the device further includes: a communication power optimization module, used to optimize the communication power of each frequency band using the Lagrange multiplier method based on the total radiated power of the signal transmitter, the minimum energy transmission constraint of the signal receiver, and the channel states of multiple frequency bands, so as to maximize the communication transmission of the signal transmitter.

[0077] Optionally, the radiated power optimization module is further configured to establish an optimization model with the goal of maximizing energy transmission. The radiated power of each frequency band is used as the variable to be optimized. The objective function of the optimization model is configured to maximize the total energy reaching the receiver after transmission through the channel across all frequency bands. The optimization model is simultaneously constrained by two conditions: a first constraint that the sum of the radiated power of all frequency bands at the signal transmitter does not exceed the upper limit of the total radiated power; and a second constraint that the communication energy received by the signal receiver is not lower than a minimum energy threshold. A first Lagrange multiplier is introduced corresponding to the upper limit constraint of the total radiated power, and a second Lagrange multiplier is introduced corresponding to the minimum energy threshold constraint. A Lagrange function is constructed based on the objective function and the two constraints. The optimized radiated power of each frequency band is obtained by solving the Lagrange function.

[0078] Optionally, the phase alignment module is further configured to acquire the propagation path delay of the plurality of signal components through each metasurface unit of the reconfigurable holographic metasurface to the signal receiving end; calculate the phase compensation value required for each signal component based on the center frequency of each frequency band and the propagation path delay; configure the phase response of each metasurface unit in each frequency band according to the phase compensation value to compensate for the phase difference caused by the propagation path delay, so that the plurality of signal components coherently superimpose at a specific sampling time at the signal receiving end and reach a power peak.

[0079] Optionally, the radiated power calculation module is further configured to, for the first metasurface unit among the multiple series-connected metasurface units, calculate the radiated power of the first metasurface unit based on the total radiated power of the signal transmitting end and the power conversion probability of the first metasurface unit; and for any metasurface unit among the multiple metasurface units other than the first metasurface unit, calculate the radiated power of the metasurface unit based on the power conversion probability of the metasurface unit and the radiated power of the preceding metasurface unit of the metasurface unit.

[0080] The data and energy transmission device based on a reconfigurable holographic metasurface provided in the above embodiments of this application and the data and energy transmission method based on a reconfigurable holographic metasurface provided in the embodiments of this application are based on the same inventive concept and have the same beneficial effects as the methods adopted, run or implemented by the applications stored therein.

[0081] This application also provides a computer device for executing the above-described method for simultaneous data and energy transfer based on a reconfigurable holographic metasurface. Please refer to... Figure 3 This illustrates a schematic diagram of a computer device provided by some embodiments of this application. For example... Figure 3 As shown, the computer device 3 includes: a processor 300, a memory 301, a bus 302, and a communication interface 303. The processor 300, the communication interface 303, and the memory 301 are connected through the bus 302. The memory 301 stores a computer program that can run on the processor 300. When the processor 300 runs the computer program, it executes the data and energy transmission method based on a reconfigurable holographic metasurface provided in any of the foregoing embodiments of this application.

[0082] The memory 301 may include high-speed random access memory (RAM) or non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device. Communication between this system network element and at least one other network element is achieved through at least one communication interface 303 (which can be wired or wireless), such as the Internet, wide area network, local area network, or metropolitan area network.

[0083] Bus 302 can be an ISA bus, PCI bus, or EISA bus, etc. The bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. Memory 301 is used to store programs. After receiving an execution instruction, processor 300 executes the program. The data-energy simultaneous transmission method based on a reconfigurable holographic metasurface disclosed in any of the foregoing embodiments can be applied to processor 300, or implemented by processor 300.

[0084] The processor 300 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. In implementation, each step of the above method can be completed by the integrated logic circuitry in the hardware of the processor 300 or by instructions in software form. The processor 300 may be a general-purpose processor, including a central processing unit (CPU), a network processor (NP), etc.; it may also be a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an off-the-shelf programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components. It can implement or execute the methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of this application. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be directly embodied in the execution of a hardware decoding processor, or executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software modules may reside in random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, or other mature storage media in the art. The storage medium is located in memory 301. The processor 300 reads the information in memory 301 and, in conjunction with its hardware, completes the steps of the above method.

[0085] The computer device provided in this application embodiment and the data-energy simultaneous transmission method based on reconfigurable holographic metasurfaces provided in this application embodiment are based on the same inventive concept and have the same beneficial effects as the methods they adopt, operate or implement.

[0086] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium corresponding to the data-energy co-transmission method based on reconfigurable holographic metasurfaces provided in the foregoing embodiments. Please refer to... Figure 4 The computer-readable storage medium shown is an optical disc 30, on which a computer program (i.e., a program product) is stored. When the computer program is run by a processor, it executes the data-energy transmission method based on a reconfigurable holographic metasurface provided in any of the foregoing embodiments.

[0087] It should be noted that examples of the computer-readable storage medium may also include, but are not limited to, phase-change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other optical and magnetic storage media, which will not be elaborated here.

[0088] The computer-readable storage medium provided in the above embodiments of this application and the data-energy simultaneous transmission method based on reconfigurable holographic metasurfaces provided in the embodiments of this application are based on the same inventive concept and have the same beneficial effects as the methods adopted, run or implemented by the applications stored therein.

[0089] It should be noted that: Numerous specific details are set forth in the specification provided herein. However, it will be understood that embodiments of this application may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and techniques have not been shown in detail so as not to obscure the understanding of this specification.

[0090] Similarly, it should be understood that, for the sake of brevity and to aid in understanding one or more of the various inventive aspects, in the above description of exemplary embodiments of this application, various features of this application are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof. However, this disclosure should not be construed as reflecting a schematic diagram in which the claimed application requires more features than expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as reflected in the following claims, inventive aspects lie in fewer than all features of a single foregoing disclosed embodiment. Therefore, the claims following the detailed description are hereby expressly incorporated into that detailed description, wherein each claim itself is a separate embodiment of this application.

[0091] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that although some embodiments described herein include certain features but not others included in other embodiments, combinations of features from different embodiments are intended to be within the scope of this application and form different embodiments. For example, in the following claims, any of the claimed embodiments can be used in any combination.

[0092] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for simultaneous data and energy transfer based on a reconfigurable holographic metasurface, characterized in that, The method includes: The initial phases of multiple signal components in different frequency bands within the control signal transmitting end are aligned to ensure that the multiple signal components all reach their power peak at a specific sampling time at the signal receiving end. When all of the multiple signal components reach their peak power at a specific sampling time at the signal receiver, the radiation power of each frequency band is optimized using the Lagrange multiplier method based on the total radiated power of the signal transmitter and the minimum communication energy constraint of the signal receiver, so as to maximize the energy transmission of the signal transmitter.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reconfigurable holographic metasurface comprises multiple metasurface units connected in series; each metasurface unit has a corresponding leakage rate and activation probability. Signal components of different frequency bands are emitted by different metasurface units; the method further includes: For any one of the plurality of metasurface units, the power conversion probability of the metasurface unit is calculated based on the leakage rate and the activation probability of the metasurface unit. The radiant power of the metasurface unit is calculated based on the radiant power of the previous metasurface unit and the power conversion probability.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The power conversion probability of the metasurface unit is calculated based on its leakage rate and activation probability, including: in, Indicates the power conversion probability. This indicates the probability of the corresponding cell being turned on. This indicates the leakage rate of the corresponding unit.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The method further includes: Based on the total radiated power of the signal transmitter, the minimum energy transmission constraint of the signal receiver, and the channel states of multiple frequency bands, the communication power of each frequency band is optimized using the Lagrange multiplier method to maximize the communication transmission of the signal transmitter.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Based on the total radiated power of the signal transmitter and the minimum communication energy constraint of the signal receiver, the radiated power of each frequency band is optimized using the Lagrange multiplier method, including: An optimization model is established with the goal of maximizing energy transmission. The radiated power of each frequency band is used as the variable to be optimized. The objective function of the optimization model is configured to maximize the total energy of all frequency bands reaching the receiver after transmission through the channel. The optimization model is subject to two constraints: the first constraint is that the sum of the radiated power of all frequency bands at the signal transmitter does not exceed the upper limit of the total radiated power; the second constraint is that the communication energy received by the signal receiver is not lower than the minimum energy threshold. A first Lagrange multiplier is introduced to correspond to the total radiated power upper limit constraint, and a second Lagrange multiplier is introduced to correspond to the minimum energy threshold constraint. A Lagrange function is constructed based on the objective function and the two constraints. Solving the Lagrange function yields the optimized radiated power for each frequency band.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The initial phase of multiple signal components in different frequency bands within the control signal transmitter is aligned to achieve phase alignment of the multiple signal components, including: The propagation path delay of the multiple signal components is obtained as they propagate to the signal receiving end through each metasurface unit of the reconfigurable holographic metasurface. Calculate the required phase compensation value for each signal component based on the center frequency of each frequency band and the propagation path delay; Configure the phase response of each metasurface unit in each frequency band according to the phase compensation value to compensate for the phase difference caused by the propagation path delay, so that the multiple signal components coherently superimpose at a specific sampling time at the signal receiving end and reach the power peak.

7. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The calculation of the radiant power of the metasurface unit based on the radiant power of the previous metasurface unit and the power conversion probability includes: For the first metasurface unit among the multiple series-connected metasurface units, the radiated power of the first metasurface unit is calculated based on the total radiated power of the signal transmitting end and the power conversion probability of the first metasurface unit. For any metasurface unit other than the first metasurface unit among the plurality of metasurface units, the radiated power of the metasurface unit is calculated based on the power conversion probability of the metasurface unit and the radiated power of the preceding metasurface unit.

8. A data-energy transfer device based on a reconfigurable holographic metasurface, characterized in that, The device includes: The phase alignment module is used to control the initial phase of multiple signal components of different frequency bands in the signal transmitting end to align the phases of the multiple signal components so that the multiple signal components all reach the power peak at a specific sampling time in the signal receiving end. The radiated power optimization module is used to optimize the radiated power of each frequency band by using the Lagrange multiplier method, based on the total radiated power of the signal transmitter and the minimum communication energy constraint of the signal receiver, when the multiple signal components all reach their power peak at a specific sampling time at the signal receiver, so as to maximize the energy transmission of the signal transmitter.

9. A computer device, characterized in that, include: A memory and a processor are interconnected, the memory stores computer instructions, and the processor executes the computer instructions to perform the data-energy simultaneous transmission method based on a reconfigurable holographic metasurface as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions for causing the computer to execute the data-energy simultaneous transmission method based on a reconfigurable holographic metasurface as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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