Display device

Abstract

A display device is provided. The display device includes: a substrate having a plurality of defined sub-pixels; a plurality of light-emitting elements disposed in each of the plurality of sub-pixels; an encapsulation layer disposed on the plurality of light-emitting elements; a plurality of optical components disposed on the encapsulation layer for each of the plurality of sub-pixels; a plurality of first transistors disposed on the encapsulation layer; a plurality of second transistors disposed on the encapsulation layer; a plurality of first driving electrodes connected to the plurality of first transistors on the encapsulation layer and in contact with one side of the plurality of optical components; and a plurality of second driving electrodes connected to the plurality of second transistors on the encapsulation layer and in contact with the other side of the plurality of optical components.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to an apparatus, and more particularly to, for example but not limited to, a display apparatus, and more specifically, to a display apparatus capable of facilitating viewing angle control. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of technology in modern society, display devices are used in various ways to provide information to users. Display devices include electronic signs that transmit visual information in only one direction, as well as various electronic devices that require higher technology to confirm user input and provide information in response to the confirmed input.

[0003] For example, a display device can be included in a vehicle to provide various information to the vehicle's driver and passengers.

[0004] The descriptions provided in the discussion of the Related Art section should not be considered prior art merely because they are mentioned in or associated with that section. The discussion of the Related Art section may include information describing one or more aspects of the subject art, and the descriptions in that section do not limit this disclosure. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The inventors of this disclosure have recognized that vehicle display devices need to display content appropriately so as not to interfere with vehicle operation. For example, the display device needs to limit the display of content that may reduce driver attention while the vehicle is in motion.

[0006] The purpose of this disclosure is to provide a display device capable of providing content with a limited viewing angle depending on the driving mode.

[0007] Another object of this disclosure is to provide a display device having an improved side viewing angle that depends on the driving mode.

[0008] Another object of this disclosure is to provide a display device capable of controlling the shape of an optical structure according to an electrical signal.

[0009] The purpose of this disclosure is not limited to the above-mentioned purposes, and other purposes not mentioned above will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art through the following description.

[0010] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a display device is provided. The display device includes: a substrate having a defined plurality of sub-pixels; a plurality of light-emitting elements disposed in each of the plurality of sub-pixels; an encapsulation layer disposed on the plurality of light-emitting elements; a plurality of optical components disposed on the encapsulation layer for each of the plurality of sub-pixels; a plurality of first transistors disposed on the encapsulation layer; a plurality of second transistors disposed on the encapsulation layer; a plurality of first driving electrodes connected to the plurality of first transistors on the encapsulation layer and in contact with one side of the plurality of optical components; and a plurality of second driving electrodes connected to the plurality of second transistors on the encapsulation layer and in contact with the other side of the plurality of optical components.

[0011] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a display device is provided. The display device includes: a substrate having a defined plurality of sub-pixels; a plurality of light-emitting elements disposed in each of the plurality of sub-pixels; a plurality of first driving electrodes disposed on one side of the plurality of light-emitting elements; a plurality of second driving electrodes disposed on the other side of the plurality of light-emitting elements; and a plurality of optical members covering a portion of the top surface of the plurality of first driving electrodes and a portion of the top surface of the plurality of second driving electrodes, and configured to shift their shape to one side or the other side according to a voltage applied to the plurality of first driving electrodes and the plurality of second driving electrodes.

[0012] Further details of exemplary embodiments are included in the detailed description and accompanying drawings.

[0013] This disclosure allows for selective control of the side viewpoint.

[0014] This disclosure enables process optimization because the viewing angle can be controlled without the need to set separate pixels to limit the viewing angle.

[0015] This disclosure allows the shape of the optical components to vary depending on the eye position of the driver and / or passenger, thereby selectively providing different images to the driver and passenger.

[0016] This disclosure reduces the manufacturing process and cost of display devices by controlling the shape of the optical structure according to electrical signals.

[0017] The effects of this disclosure are not limited to those illustrated above, and include many more effects in this specification.

[0018] It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and illustrative, and are intended to provide further explanation of the claimed inventive concept. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The above and other aspects, features and other advantages of this disclosure will become clearer from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0020] Figure 1 This is an exemplary view of a display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a block diagram of a display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a plan view of a display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0023] Figure 4 This is an enlarged plan view of the pixel region of a display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0024] Figure 5 It is along Figure 4 A cross-sectional view taken from line A-A';

[0025] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to a first driving mode of the present disclosure; and

[0026] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view showing a display device according to the second driving mode of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The advantages and features of this disclosure, as well as methods for achieving these advantages and features, will become clear from the exemplary embodiments described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this disclosure is not limited to the exemplary embodiments disclosed herein, but will be implemented in various forms. The exemplary embodiments are provided by way of example only so that those skilled in the art can fully understand the disclosure and scope of this disclosure.

[0028] The shapes, dimensions, ratios, angles, quantities, etc., shown in the accompanying drawings used to describe exemplary embodiments of this disclosure are merely examples, and this disclosure is not limited thereto. Throughout the specification, the same reference numerals generally denote the same elements. Furthermore, in the following description of this disclosure, detailed descriptions of known related technologies may be omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the subject matter of this disclosure. Terms such as “comprising,” “having,” and “consisting of” as used herein are generally intended to allow for the addition of additional components, unless these terms are used in conjunction with the term “only.” Unless otherwise expressly stated, any reference to the singular may include the plural.

[0029] Even if not explicitly stated, components are interpreted as including the normal error range.

[0030] When using terms such as “on top of,” “above,” “below,” and “next to” to describe the positional relationship between two parts, one or more parts may be located between the two parts unless used with the terms “exactly” or “directly.”

[0031] When an element or layer is placed "on top of" another element or layer, another layer or element can be directly inserted onto the other element or inserted between the element and the other element.

[0032] Although the terms "first," "second," etc., are used to describe various components, these components are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one component from others. Therefore, in the technical concept of this disclosure, the first component mentioned below can be the second component.

[0033] Throughout the specification, the same reference numerals generally denote the same elements.

[0034] For ease of illustration, the dimensions and thicknesses of the components shown in the figures are illustrated, and this disclosure is not limited to the dimensions and thicknesses of the components shown.

[0035] Features of the various embodiments of this disclosure may be partially or completely adhered to or combined with each other, and may be interlocked and operated in various technical ways, and the embodiments may be performed independently or in relation to each other.

[0036] Throughout the accompanying drawings and detailed description, unless otherwise stated, the same reference numerals should be understood to refer to the same elements, features, and structures. For clarity, illustration, and convenience, the relative dimensions and depictions of these elements may be exaggerated. The described progression of processing steps and / or operations is illustrative; however, the order of steps and / or operations is not limited to that set forth herein, except that they must occur in a specific order, and may be varied as is known in the art. The same reference numerals always denote the same elements. The names of the elements used in the following description are chosen solely for ease of writing and may therefore differ from the names used in actual products.

[0037] Any implementation described as an "example" in this document is not necessarily to be construed as superior to or better than other implementations.

[0038] When describing temporal relationships, discontinuous cases can be included if the temporal order is described as such as "after", "following", "next", and "before", unless more restrictive terms such as "just", "immediately", or "directly" are used.

[0039] Furthermore, when a component or layer is “connected,” “joined,” or “adhered” to another component or layer, unless otherwise stated, the component or layer may not only be directly connected or adhered to the other component or layer, but also indirectly connected or adhered to the other component or layer, wherein one or more intermediate components or layers are “set” or “inserted” between the components or layers. This should be understood to mean that components may be arranged to be in direct contact with each other, or may be arranged to be in direct contact with each other.

[0040] The terms “first element,” “second element,” and / or “third element” should be understood as one of the first, second, and third elements, or any or all combinations of the first, second, and third elements. For example, A, B, and / or C can refer to A only; B only; C only; any or some combinations of A, B, and C; or all of A, B, and C.

[0041] The term “at least one” should be understood to include any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. For example, “at least one of the first element, the second element, and the third element” means a combination of all three listed elements, a combination of any two of the three elements, and each individual element: the first element, the second element, or the third element.

[0042] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the exemplary embodiments pertain. It should also be understood that terms (such as those defined in common dictionaries) should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant field and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly defined herein. For example, the terms “part” or “unit” can be applied to, for example, a single circuit or structure, an integrated circuit, a computational block of a circuit arrangement, or any structure configured to perform the functions described herein that would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.

[0043] Instead, these implementations may be provided to make this disclosure thorough and complete enough to help those skilled in the art to fully understand the scope of this disclosure.

[0044] In the following, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0045] Figure 1 This is an exemplary view of a display device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0046] Figure 1 This is an exemplary view of a display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0047] refer to Figure 1The display device 100 may be disposed on at least a portion of the vehicle's dashboard. The vehicle's dashboard may include a configuration disposed in front of the vehicle's front seats (e.g., driver's seat, passenger seat). For example, the vehicle's dashboard may have an input configuration set for operating various functions inside the vehicle (e.g., air conditioning, audio system, navigation system).

[0048] The display device 100 can be mounted on the vehicle's dashboard and can be used as an input unit for operating at least some of the various functions of the vehicle. The display device 100 can provide various information related to the vehicle, such as vehicle operating information (e.g., the vehicle's current speed, remaining fuel, and distance traveled), information about vehicle components (e.g., damage to vehicle tires), etc.

[0049] The display device 100 can be configured to span the driver's seat and passenger seat located in the front seats of the vehicle. For example, the display device 100 can extend along a first direction DR1. Users of the display device 100 can include the driver of the vehicle and the passenger seat. Both the driver and the passenger of the vehicle can use the display device 100.

[0050] Figure 1 The display device 100 shown may only show a portion of the display device. Figure 1 The display device 100 shown may illustrate a display panel among the various components included in the display device 100. Specifically, for example, Figure 1 The display device 100 shown can display at least a portion of the display area and non-display area of ​​the display panel. Besides... Figure 1 The configuration of the display device 100 other than that shown can be installed inside the vehicle (or at least a part of the vehicle).

[0051] Figure 2 This is a functional block diagram of a display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0052] As an exemplary embodiment of the display device according to this disclosure, an electroluminescent display device can be applied. The electroluminescent display device may be an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display device, a quantum dot light-emitting diode (QD) display device, or an inorganic light-emitting diode (ILD) display device.

[0053] Reference Figure 2 The display device 100 may include a display panel PN, a data driving circuit DD, a gating driving circuit GD, and a timing controller TD.

[0054] The display panel PN can generate an image to be provided to the user. For example, the display panel PN can generate and display an image to be provided to the user from multiple pixels PX, each pixel PX having pixel circuitry disposed therein.

[0055] The data drive circuit DD, the gating drive circuit GD, and the timing controller TD can provide signals for the operation of each pixel PX via signal lines. For example, the signal lines used to provide signals for the operation of each pixel PX can include multiple data lines DL and multiple gating lines GL.

[0056] Multiple data lines DL are set in the column direction and include multiple lines connected to pixels PX set in the column direction, and multiple gate lines GL are set in the row direction and include multiple lines connected to pixels PX set in the row direction.

[0057] In some cases, the display device 100 may also include a power unit. In this case, signals for the operation of the pixels PX can be provided via power lines connecting the power unit and the display panel PN. In some exemplary embodiments, the power unit may supply power to the data driving circuit DD and the gating driving circuit GD. The data driving circuit DD and the gating driving circuit GD can be driven based on the power supplied from the power unit.

[0058] For example, the data driving circuit DD can apply data signals to each pixel PX through multiple data lines DL, the gating driving circuit GD can apply gating signals to each pixel PX through multiple gating lines GL, and the power unit can supply power voltage to each pixel PX through the power voltage supply line.

[0059] The timing controller TD can control the data drive circuit DD and the gating drive circuit GD. For example, the timing controller TD can reset the digital video data input from an external source to match the resolution of the display panel PN and provide the digital video data to the data drive circuit DD.

[0060] The data drive circuit DD can convert digital video data input from the timing controller TD into analog data voltage based on the data control signal, and provide the converted analog data voltage to multiple data lines DL.

[0061] The gating drive circuit GD can generate scan signals and emission signals based on gating control signals. For example, the gating drive circuit GD may include a scan drive unit and an emission signal drive unit. The scan drive unit can generate scan signals in a row-sequential manner and provide the generated scan signals to scan lines to drive at least one or more scan lines connected to each pixel row. The emission signal drive unit can generate emission signals in a row-sequential manner and provide the generated emission signals to emission signal lines to drive at least one or more emission signal lines connected to each pixel row.

[0062] According to an exemplary embodiment, the gate drive circuit GD can be disposed in the display panel PN as an in-panel gate driver (GIP). For example, the gate drive circuit GD can also be divided into multiple parts and disposed on at least two sides of the display panel PN.

[0063] The display panel PN may include a display area and a non-display area surrounding the display area.

[0064] The display area of ​​the display panel PN can include multiple pixels PX arranged along the row and column directions. For example, multiple pixels PX can be arranged in the area where multiple data lines DL and multiple gate lines GL intersect.

[0065] The following is for reference Figure 3 Detailed explanation of multiple pixel PXs.

[0066] Figure 3 This is a plan view of a display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 3 In the middle, for ease of explanation, the optical component 150 is depicted with a dashed line.

[0067] refer to Figure 3 A display device 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure includes a plurality of pixels PX. The plurality of pixels PX may be arranged in a matrix along a first direction DR1 and a second direction DR2. A pixel PX may include a plurality of sub-pixels SP that emit light of different colors. For example, a pixel PX may include a first sub-pixel SP1, a second sub-pixel SP2, and a third sub-pixel SP3. The first sub-pixel SP1 may be a red sub-pixel, the second sub-pixel SP2 may be a green sub-pixel, and the third sub-pixel SP3 may be a blue sub-pixel. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and in some cases, a pixel PX may also include sub-pixels SP for further realizing a specific color (e.g., white). In a pixel PX, the first sub-pixel SP1, the second sub-pixel SP2, and the third sub-pixel SP3 may be arranged along the first direction DR1. The light-emitting region EA of each of the plurality of sub-pixels SP may extend along the second direction DR2.

[0068] The display device 100 may include a light-emitting region EA corresponding to each of a plurality of sub-pixels SP and a non-light-emitting region NEA surrounding the light-emitting region EA of each of the plurality of sub-pixels SP.

[0069] In each of the plurality of sub-pixels SP, an optical component 150 may also be configured to refract light from the plurality of light-emitting elements in a specific direction. For example, the optical component 150 may each be implemented as a lens, but exemplary embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0070] The optical component 150 can be configured to overlap with the light-emitting region EA of each of the plurality of sub-pixels SP. (Refer to...) Figure 3 The optical component 150 can extend in the second direction DR2 in the same manner as the extending direction of the light-emitting region EA. For example, the planar shape of the optical component 150 can be a strip extending in the second direction DR2. In this case, the direction of travel of light emitted from the light-emitting region EA of the plurality of sub-pixels SP is not limited to the second direction DR2. At the same time, the optical component 150 can be arranged to overlap with a portion of the non-light-emitting region NEA. For example, the optical component 150 can be arranged in an area larger than the light-emitting region EA and can overlap with a portion of the non-light-emitting region NEA surrounding the light-emitting region EA.

[0071] Optical component 150 can selectively provide light according to the viewing angle. For example, optical component 150 can provide light within a first range to form a first viewing angle. Furthermore, optical component 150 can provide light within a second range to form a second viewing angle. Additionally, optical component 150 can provide light within a third range to form a third viewing angle. For example, in reference... Figure 1 In the case of using a display panel PN in the described vehicle, the field of view of at least some areas of the display panel PN needs to be limited according to the user's requirements. For example, if the image displayed in the display area of ​​the display panel PN is intended to provide entertainment functions and seat information to passengers sitting in the passenger seat, the field of view of the image displayed in that area may need to be limited according to the user's requirements since this may interfere with the driver's driving. Additionally, if the image displayed in the display area of ​​the display panel PN is intended to provide vehicle operation information to the driver sitting in the driver's seat, this image may be information only needed by the driver, and therefore the field of view of the image displayed in that area may need to be limited according to the user's requirements. However, this disclosure is not limited to this; the display panel PN can provide images to both the driver and passengers.

[0072] Details regarding optical component 150 will be provided later. Figures 4 to 7 Describe it.

[0073] Reference Figure 3The black background BM is set to overlap with the non-emitting area NEA. The black background BM can be set in an area other than the emitting area EA to surround the emitting area EA.

[0074] Simultaneously, the black background BM can expose a portion of the non-emitting region NEA adjacent to the emitting region EA. For example, the black background BM can expose a portion of the non-emitting region NEA on both sides of the emitting region EA in the second direction DR2. Therefore, light emitted from each of the multiple sub-pixels SP traveling laterally can travel to the non-emitting region NEA exposed by the black background BM. Thus, the side viewing angle in the second direction DR2 can be improved compared to the case where the black background BM covers the entire non-emitting region NEA. For example, when the display panel PN is used for reference... Figure 1 When describing a vehicle, if the first direction DR1 is the orientation of the driver's seat and passenger seat, and the second direction DR2 is the direction of the vehicle occupants' eye level, the field of view can be expanded in the direction of the vehicle occupants' eye level. Therefore, the content (or image) provided by the luminous area EA of multiple sub-pixels SP can be free from the limited field of view of the image that depends on the height of the vehicle occupants.

[0075] The non-display area can be set along the perimeter of the display area. Various components used to drive the pixel circuitry located in the pixel PX can be set in the non-display area. For example, at least a portion of the gating drive circuit GD can be set in the non-display area. The non-display area can be referred to as the border area.

[0076] Figure 4 This is an enlarged plan view of the pixel region of a display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 5 It is along Figure 4 A cross-sectional view taken from line A-A'. Figure 4 For ease of illustration, the black background BM illustration has been omitted. Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional view of the first sub-pixel SP when both the first transistor T1 and the second transistor T2 are turned off.

[0077] refer to Figure 5In a display device 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the following components are included: a lower buffer layer 101, a light-shielding layer LS, a driving transistor DT, a gate insulating layer 102, an auxiliary electrode BCNT, a storage capacitor Cst, a first interlayer insulating layer 103, a second interlayer insulating layer 104, a first connection electrode CE1, a second connection electrode CE2, a first outer coating layer 105, a light-emitting element 160, a dam 106, an encapsulation layer 170, an upper buffer layer 107, a black background BM, a touch sensing unit, a first transistor T1, a second transistor T2, a first driving electrode E1, a second driving electrode E2, a third interlayer insulating layer 108, a first enable line EL1, a first signal line SL1, and a second enable line EL2. Figure 5 (not shown in the image), the second signal line SL2 and the second outer coating 109 can be disposed above the substrate Sub.

[0078] The substrate Sub is configured to support various components included in the display device 100 and may be made of an insulating material. The substrate Sub may include a first substrate Sub1, a second substrate Sub2, and an insulating layer Sub3. The insulating layer Sub3 may be disposed between the first substrate Sub1 and the second substrate Sub2. By constituting the substrate Sub in this manner with the first substrate Sub1, the second substrate Sub2, and the insulating layer Sub3, moisture penetration can be suppressed. For example, the first substrate Sub1 and the second substrate Sub2 may be polyimide (PI) substrates, but are not limited thereto.

[0079] The lower buffer layer 101 may be disposed on the substrate Sub. The lower buffer layer 101 may include a first lower buffer layer 101a and a second lower buffer layer 101b.

[0080] A first lower buffer layer 101a may be disposed on a substrate Sub. The first lower buffer layer 101a can reduce the penetration of moisture or impurities through the substrate Sub. The first lower buffer layer 101a may include inorganic insulating materials, such as silicon oxide (SiOx) and silicon nitride (SiNx). The first lower buffer layer 101a may have a multilayer structure. For example, the first lower buffer layer 101a may have a stacked structure of a film made of silicon nitride (SiNx) and a film made of silicon oxide (SiOx).

[0081] A light-shielding layer LS can be disposed on the first lower buffer layer 101a. The light-shielding layer LS can be configured to overlap at least with the semiconductor layer 111 of the driving transistor DT to block light incident on the semiconductor layer 111. Although the light-shielding layer LS is shown as a single layer in the figures, it can be formed from multiple layers. The light-shielding layer LS can be formed from various conductive materials, such as magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), gold (Au), or alloys thereof.

[0082] The second lower buffer layer 101b can be disposed on the light-shielding layer LS. The second lower buffer layer 101b can protect the driving transistor DT from impurities such as alkaline ions leaking from the substrate Sub. Additionally, the second lower buffer layer 101b can improve the adhesion between the layer disposed on the second lower buffer layer 101b and the substrate Sub. Furthermore, the second lower buffer layer 101b can include inorganic insulating materials, such as silicon oxide (SiOx) and silicon nitride (SiNx). The second lower buffer layer 101b can have a multilayer structure. For example, the second lower buffer layer 101b can have a stacked structure of a film made of silicon nitride (SiNx) and a film made of silicon oxide (SiOx).

[0083] refer to Figure 5 The driving transistor DT can be disposed on the lower buffer layer 101. The driving transistor DT may include a semiconductor layer 111, a gate 113, a source 115, and a drain 117.

[0084] A patterned semiconductor layer 111 is disposed on the lower buffer layer 101.

[0085] Semiconductor layer 111 can be made of oxide semiconductor material. Alternatively, semiconductor layer 111 can be made of polycrystalline silicon, in which case impurities can be doped at both edges of semiconductor layer 111.

[0086] A gate insulating layer 102 made of an insulating material may be disposed on the semiconductor layer 111. The gate insulating layer 102 may include an insulating material. For example, the gate insulating layer 102 may include inorganic insulating materials such as silicon oxide (SiO) and silicon nitride (SiN).

[0087] The gate insulating layer 102 may extend between the semiconductor layer 111 and the gate 113 of the driving transistor DT.

[0088] At the same time, Figure 5 In this design, the gate insulating layer 102 is depicted as being disposed on the entire surface of the substrate Sub, but the gate insulating layer 102 may also be patterned to have the same shape as the gate 113.

[0089] A gate 113, made of a conductive material such as metal, is disposed correspondingly to each semiconductor layer 111 on the gate insulating layer 102. Furthermore, gate lines (not shown) may be disposed on the upper portion of the gate insulating layer 102. The gate lines may extend along the row direction.

[0090] The gate 113 can be made of various conductive materials, such as magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), gold (Au), or alloys thereof.

[0091] An auxiliary electrode BCNT is disposed on the gate insulating layer 102. The auxiliary electrode BCNT is an electrode used to apply a voltage to the light-shielding layer LS below the lower buffer layer 101. For example, the auxiliary electrode BCNT can be formed of the same material as the gate 113 of the driving transistor DT. The auxiliary electrode BCNT can be made of various conductive materials, such as magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), gold (Au), or alloys thereof.

[0092] For example, the light-shielding layer LS can be electrically connected to another configuration disposed on the substrate Sub via the auxiliary electrode BCNT to receive voltage. For example, the auxiliary electrode BCNT can be connected to the driving transistor DT and the high-potential voltage line. Therefore, the light-shielding layer LS, which receives voltage through the auxiliary electrode BCNT, does not operate as a floating gate, and the threshold voltage fluctuation of the driving transistor DT caused by the floating light-shielding layer LS can be minimized or reduced.

[0093] A storage capacitor Cst, including a first capacitor electrode Cst1 and a second capacitor electrode Cst2, is disposed on the gate insulating layer 102.

[0094] The first capacitor electrode Cst1 of the storage capacitor Cst can be disposed on the gate insulating layer 102. For example, the first capacitor electrode Cst1 can be formed of the same material as the gate 113 of the driving transistor DT. The first capacitor electrode Cst1 can be made of various conductive materials, such as magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), gold (Au), or alloys thereof.

[0095] A first interlayer insulating layer 103 may be disposed on the gate 113 and the first capacitor electrode Cst1. The first interlayer insulating layer 103 may include contact holes for exposing the semiconductor layer 111 of the driving transistor DT, contact holes for exposing the first capacitor electrode Cst1, and contact holes for exposing the auxiliary electrode BCNT. The first interlayer insulating layer 103 may include an insulating material. For example, the first interlayer insulating layer 103 may include inorganic insulating materials such as silicon oxide (SiO) and silicon nitride (SiN).

[0096] The first interlayer insulating layer 103 may be located on the gate insulating layer 102. The first interlayer insulating layer 103 may extend between the gate 113 and the source 115 of the driving transistor DT, and between the gate 113 and the drain 117. For example, the source 115 and the drain 117 of the driving transistor DT may be insulated from the gate 113 by the first interlayer insulating layer 103. The first interlayer insulating layer 103 may cover the gate 113 of the driving transistor DT.

[0097] The second capacitor electrode Cst2 of the storage capacitor Cst can be disposed on the first interlayer insulating layer 103. The second capacitor electrode Cst2 can be disposed on the first interlayer insulating layer 103 in a manner that overlaps with the first capacitor electrode Cst1.

[0098] The second capacitor electrode Cst2 can be made of various conductive materials, such as magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), gold (Au), or their alloys.

[0099] The second interlayer insulating layer 104 may be disposed on the first interlayer insulating layer 103. The second interlayer insulating layer 104 may include contact holes for exposing the semiconductor layer 111 of the driving transistor DT, contact holes for exposing the first capacitor electrode Cst1 and the second capacitor electrode Cst2, and contact holes for exposing the auxiliary electrode BCNT. The second interlayer insulating layer 104 may be composed of a single layer or multiple layers of silicon nitride (SiNx) or silicon oxide (SiOx), but is not limited thereto.

[0100] The source 115 and drain 117 can be located on the second interlayer insulating layer 104. The source 115 and drain 117 can be made of various conductive materials, such as magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), gold (Au), or alloys thereof.

[0101] The source 115 and drain 117 are in contact with the semiconductor layer 111 through contact holes in the second interlayer insulating layer 104, the first interlayer insulating layer 103 and the gate insulating layer 102.

[0102] The drain 117 of the driving transistor DT can be electrically connected to the anode 161 of the light-emitting element 160, which will be described later.

[0103] The first connecting electrode CE1 may be located on the second interlayer insulating layer 104. The first connecting electrode CE1 may be electrically connected to the first capacitor electrode Cst1 through contact holes in the second interlayer insulating layer 104 and the first interlayer insulating layer 103. For example, the first connecting electrode CE1 may be electrically connected to another component disposed on the substrate Sub, and a voltage may be applied to the first capacitor electrode Cst1. The first connecting electrode CE1 may be made of various conductive materials, such as magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), gold (Au), or alloys thereof.

[0104] The second connection electrode CE2 may be located on the second interlayer insulating layer 104. The second connection electrode CE2 may be electrically connected to the second capacitor electrode Cst2 through the contact holes of the second interlayer insulating layer 104. Furthermore, the first connection electrode CE1 may be electrically connected to another component disposed on the substrate Sub, and a voltage may be applied to the first capacitor electrode Cst1. For example, the second connection electrode CE2 may be electrically connected to the source electrode 115 or the drain electrode 117, but is not limited thereto. The second connection electrode CE2 may be made of various conductive materials, such as magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), gold (Au), or alloys thereof.

[0105] The first outer coating 105 may be disposed on the driving transistor DT, the first connection electrode CE1, and the second connection electrode CE2. The first outer coating 105 may include an insulating material. The first outer coating 105 may include an organic insulating material. For example, the first outer coating 105 may be made of polyimide, acrylic acid, or a benzocyclobutene (BCB) based resin, but is not limited thereto.

[0106] The light-emitting element 160 may be located on the first outer coating 105. (See reference...) Figure 5 The light-emitting element 160 may include an anode 161, a light-emitting structure 162, and a cathode 163 stacked sequentially on a substrate Sub.

[0107] Anode 161 may include a conductive material. Anode 161 may include a material with high reflectivity. For example, anode 161 may include metals such as aluminum (Al) and silver (Ag). Anode 161 may have a multilayer structure. For example, anode 161 may have a structure in which reflective electrodes made of metal are located between transparent electrodes made of transparent conductive materials such as indium tin oxide (ITO) and indium zinc oxide (IZO).

[0108] The anode 161 of the light-emitting element 160 can be electrically connected to the drain 117 (or source 115) of the driving transistor DT through the contact hole of the first outer coating 105.

[0109] Dike 106 may be located between anodes 161. Dike 106 may include an insulating material. For example, dike 106 may include an organic insulating material. For example, dike 106 may be made of polyimide, acrylic acid, or a benzocyclobutene (BCB)-based resin, and dike 106 may include a material different from the first outer coating 105.

[0110] The dam 106 may cover a portion of the anode 161 of the light-emitting element 160. For example, the dam 106 may cover the edge of the anode 161. The dam 106 may define a light-emitting region EA. For example, the light-emitting region EA may be defined as the area of ​​the anode 161 exposed by the dam 106.

[0111] A light-emitting structure 162 is disposed on the first electrode 151. The light-emitting structure 162 may include a light-emitting layer that emits light of a specific color. For example, the light-emitting structure 162 disposed in the first sub-pixel SP1 may be different from the light-emitting structure 162 disposed in the second sub-pixel SP2 and the light-emitting structure 162 disposed in the third sub-pixel SP3. Simultaneously, the light-emitting structure 162 may include at least one of a light-emitting layer, a hole injection layer HIL, a hole transport layer HTL, an electron transport layer ETL, and an electron injection layer EIL. However, this disclosure is not limited thereto, and the light-emitting structure 162 may also include a common layer disposed together in the first sub-pixel SP1, the second sub-pixel SP2, and the third sub-pixel SP3.

[0112] A cathode 163 is disposed on the light-emitting structure 162. The cathode 163 may include a conductive material. The transmittance of the cathode 163 may be higher than that of the anode 161. For example, the cathode 163 may be made of a transparent conductive material such as indium tin oxide (ITO) or indium zinc oxide (IZO). Therefore, in the display device 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, light generated by the light-emitting structure 162 can be emitted through the cathode 163.

[0113] The encapsulation layer 170 may be located on the light-emitting element 160. The encapsulation layer 170 can prevent damage to the light-emitting element 160 caused by external moisture and impact.

[0114] The encapsulation layer 170 may have a multi-layer structure. For example, the encapsulation layer 170 may include a first encapsulation layer 171, a second encapsulation layer 172, and a third encapsulation layer 173 stacked sequentially, but the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0115] The first encapsulation layer 171 may be disposed on the light-emitting element 160 to inhibit the penetration of moisture or oxygen. The first encapsulation layer 171 may be made of inorganic materials, such as silicon oxide (SiOx), silicon nitride (SiNx), silicon oxynitride (SiNxOy), or aluminum oxide (AlyOz), but is not limited thereto.

[0116] A second encapsulation layer 172 is disposed on the first encapsulation layer 171 to make the surface flat. Furthermore, the second encapsulation layer 172 can cover foreign matter or particles that may appear during the manufacturing process. The second encapsulation layer 172 can be made of organic materials, such as silicon oxide carbon (SiOxCz), acrylic acid, or epoxy resin, but is not limited thereto.

[0117] The third encapsulation layer 173 can be disposed on the second encapsulation layer 172 and, like the first encapsulation layer 171, inhibits the penetration of moisture or oxygen. In this case, the third encapsulation layer 173 and the first encapsulation layer 171 can be formed to seal the second encapsulation layer 172. Therefore, the penetration of moisture or oxygen into the light-emitting element 160 can be reduced more effectively by the third encapsulation layer 173. The third encapsulation layer 173 can be made of inorganic materials, such as silicon oxide (SiOx), silicon nitride (SiNx), silicon oxynitride (SiNxOy), or aluminum oxide (AlyOz), but is not limited thereto.

[0118] An upper buffer layer 107 may be disposed on the encapsulation layer 170. The upper buffer layer 107 can reduce the inflow of impurities such as alkali ions and can improve the adhesion between the touch sensing unit disposed above the upper buffer layer 107 and the encapsulation layer 170 below the upper buffer layer 107. The upper buffer layer 107 may include inorganic insulating materials, such as silicon oxide (SiOx) and silicon nitride (SiNx). Furthermore, the upper buffer layer 107 may have a stacked structure, for example, composed of films made of silicon nitride (SiNx) and silicon oxide (SiOx), but is not limited thereto.

[0119] The black background BM can be set on the upper buffer layer 107.

[0120] The black background (BM) can be set to reduce color mixing between multiple sub-pixels (SP). Therefore, the black background (BM) can be set to overlap with the embankment 106 set in the non-illuminated area (NEA).

[0121] The touch sensing unit, the first transistor T1, the second transistor T2, the first driving electrode E1, and the second driving electrode E2 can be disposed on the upper buffer layer 107 and the black background BM.

[0122] refer to Figure 5 The first transistor T1 and the second transistor T2 can be disposed on the upper buffer layer 107 and the black background BM. Each of the first transistor T1 and the second transistor T2 can be disposed in each of the plurality of sub-pixels SP. For example, the first transistor T1 and the second transistor T2 can be disposed on both sides of each of the plurality of sub-pixels SP. Reference Figure 4 In a sub-pixel SP, the first transistor T1 and the second transistor T2 can be sequentially set along the first direction DR1.

[0123] Let's refer to each other. Figure 4The first gate G1 of the first transistor T1 can be connected to a first enable line EL1 that provides a first selection signal. When driving multiple sub-pixels SP in the first driving mode, the first selection signal can be provided to the first gate G1 of the first transistor T1 to turn on the first transistor T1. Therefore, the current path of the first driving current can be formed in the first driving electrode E1 that contacts the multiple optical components 150. The first driving current applied to the first driving electrode E1 can provide light from the multiple sub-pixels SP within a first range to form a first viewing angle.

[0124] Here, the first driving mode can be determined by user input or when pre-specified conditions are met. Alternatively, the first driving mode can be determined by a sensor disposed within the display device 100. For example, a camera disposed within the display device 100 can identify the eye positions of the driver and / or passenger, and a first viewing angle of light providing multiple sub-pixels SP based on the eye positions of the driver and / or passenger can be formed. For example, in the first driving mode, a first area of ​​the display region of the display panel PN can be driven to provide an image of the display panel PN only to the driver.

[0125] Please refer to later Figure 6 Describes the first driving mode of multiple sub-pixels SP according to the first transistor T1.

[0126] The second gate G2 of the second transistor T2 can be connected to the second enable line EL2, which provides the second selection signal. When driving multiple sub-pixels SP in the second driving mode, the second selection signal can be provided to the gate G2 of the second transistor T2 to turn on the second transistor T2. Therefore, a current path for the second driving current can be formed in the second driving electrode E2, which is in contact with the multiple optical components 150. The second driving current applied to the second driving electrode E2 can provide light from the multiple sub-pixels SP within a second range to form a second viewing angle.

[0127] Here, the second driving mode can be determined by user input or by meeting predetermined conditions. Alternatively, the second driving mode can be determined by sensors disposed within the display device 100. For example, the eye positions of the driver and / or passenger can be identified by a camera disposed within the display device 100, and a second viewing angle can be formed in which multiple sub-pixels SP are provided based on the eye positions of the driver and / or passenger. For example, a second area of ​​the display region of the display panel PN can be driven in the second driving mode to provide an image of the display panel PN only to the passenger.

[0128] Please refer to later Figure 7 Describes a second driving mode based on the multiple sub-pixels SP of the second transistor T2.

[0129] First, the first transistor T1 may include a first semiconductor layer A1, a first gate G1, a first source S1, and a first drain D1. (See reference...) Figure 5 The first semiconductor layer A1 of the first transistor T1 can be disposed on the black background BM.

[0130] The first semiconductor layer A1 can be configured to overlap with the black background BM. Therefore, it can block light incident from the black background BM onto the first semiconductor layer A1.

[0131] A first touch insulating layer 181 may be disposed on the first semiconductor layer A1. The first touch insulating layer 181 may extend between the first semiconductor layer A1 and the first gate G1 to insulate the first semiconductor layer A1 and the first gate G1. Additionally, the first touch insulating layer 181 may cover the top and side surfaces of the black background BM. The first touch insulating layer 181 may be made of an inorganic material. For example, the first touch insulating layer 181 may be made of inorganic materials such as silicon nitride (SiNx) or silicon nitride oxide (SiON), but is not limited thereto.

[0132] The first gate electrode G1 can be disposed on the first touch insulating layer 181. The first gate electrode G1 can be disposed on the same layer as the bridge electrode. (See reference...) Figure 4 The first gate G1 may extend on the second direction DR2 and be connected to the first enable line EL1 extending on the first direction DR1.

[0133] A second touch insulating layer 183 may be disposed on the first gate G1. The second touch insulating layer 183 may extend between the first gate G1 and the first source S1, and between the first gate G1 and the first drain D1, to insulate the first gate G1 from the first source S1 and from the first drain D1. The second touch insulating layer 183 may be made of organic or inorganic insulating materials. For example, the second touch insulating layer 183 may be made of organic materials such as photoacrylic acid, benzocyclobutene (BCB), polyimide (PI), or polyamide (PA), or of inorganic materials such as silicon nitride (SiNx) or silicon nitride oxide (SiON), but is not limited thereto.

[0134] Meanwhile, although not shown in the accompanying drawings, the second touch insulating layer 183 may include a contact hole for exposing the first gate G1 of the first transistor T1 and a contact hole for exposing the second gate G2 of the second transistor T2.

[0135] The first source electrode S1 and the first drain electrode D1 can be disposed on the second touch insulating layer 183. The first source electrode S1 and the first drain electrode D1 can be disposed on the same layer as the touch electrode.

[0136] refer to Figure 4The first source electrode S1 can extend along the second direction DR2 and can be connected to the first signal line SL1 extending along the first direction DR1. The first drain electrode D1 can extend along the second direction DR2 and is connected to the first driving electrode E1 extending along the first direction DR1.

[0137] The first driving electrode E1 can be disposed on the second touch insulating layer 183. The first driving electrode E1 can be connected to the first drain D1 and can receive a first selection signal applied to the first drain D1. For example, the first driving electrode E1 can be integrally formed with the first drain D1 and can be disposed on the same layer as the first drain D1. In addition, the first driving electrode E1 can be disposed on the same layer as the touch electrode.

[0138] The first driving electrode E1 can extend in the second direction DR2. The first driving electrode E1 can be arranged along the extension direction of the optical component 150 and the extension direction of each of the plurality of sub-pixels SP.

[0139] The first driving electrode E1 can be disposed on one side of the plurality of light-emitting elements 160. In this case, the first driving electrode E1 can be disposed to overlap with one side of the optical component 150. For example, the first driving electrode E1 can contact the side of the optical component 150 that extends in the second direction DR2.

[0140] The second transistor T2 may include a second semiconductor layer A2, a second gate G2, a second source S2, and a second drain D2. The first transistor T1 may have the same or similar structure as the second transistor T2.

[0141] For example, refer to Figure 5 The second semiconductor layer A2 can be disposed on the black background BM to overlap with it. The first touch insulating layer 181 can be disposed on the second semiconductor layer A2, and the second gate G2 can be disposed on the first touch insulating layer 181. (See reference) Figure 4 The second gate G2 may extend along the second direction DR2 and be connected to the second enable line EL2 extending along the first direction DR1. A second touch insulating layer 183 may be disposed on the second gate G2. A second source S2 and a second drain D2 may be disposed on the second touch insulating layer 183. (Reference) Figure 4 The second source electrode S2 can extend along the second direction DR2 and is connected to the second signal line SL2 extending along the first direction DR1. The second drain electrode D2 can extend along the second direction DR2 and is connected to the second drive electrode E2 extending along the first direction DR1.

[0142] The second driving electrode E2 can be disposed on the second touch insulating layer 183. The second driving electrode E2 can be connected to the second drain D2 and can receive a second selection signal applied to the second drain D2. For example, the second driving electrode E2 can be integrally formed with the second drain D2 and can be disposed on the same layer as the second drain D2. In addition, the second driving electrode E2 can be disposed on the same layer as the touch electrode.

[0143] The second driving electrode E2 can extend along the second direction DR2. The second driving electrode E2 can be arranged along the extension direction of the optical component 150 and the extension direction of each of the plurality of sub-pixels SP.

[0144] The second driving electrode E2 can be disposed on the other side of the plurality of light-emitting elements 160. For example, the second driving electrode E2 can be disposed along the first direction DR1, spaced apart from the first driving electrode E1, while the light-emitting elements 160 of the plurality of sub-pixels SP are interposed therebetween. Furthermore, the second driving electrode E2 can be disposed overlapping the other side of the optical component 150. For example, the second driving electrode E2 can also contact the other side of the optical component 150 extending in the second direction DR2.

[0145] Meanwhile, although not shown in the accompanying drawings, the display device 100 may include a touch sensing unit, which includes a bridge electrode and a touch electrode. The touch sensing unit may be disposed in a display area including a light-emitting element 160 to sense touch input. For example, the bridge electrode may be disposed on a first touch insulating layer, and the touch electrode may be disposed on a second touch insulating layer. The bridge electrode may be configured to connect touch electrodes that are disconnected at the point where touch electrodes extending in the row direction and touch electrodes extending in the column direction intersect each other. The touch electrode may be configured to be disposed in both the row and column directions to sense external touch input using a user's finger or stylus, etc.

[0146] Meanwhile, the display device 100 may include wiring lines extending from the touch electrodes disposed at the outermost edge of the display area to touch pads disposed in the non-display area.

[0147] Optical component 150 is disposed on the first driving electrode E1, the second driving electrode E2, and the second touch insulating layer 183. Optical component 150 may have a shape in which light is not restricted in at least one direction. For example, the shape of optical component 150 located within a plurality of sub-pixels SP may be a semi-cylindrical shape extending in the second direction DR2.

[0148] The optical component 150 can cover the top surface of the second touch insulating layer 183 disposed in the light-emitting region EA, and can also cover a portion of the top surface of the first driving electrode E1 and a portion of the top surface of the second driving electrode E2 disposed in the non-light-emitting region NEA.

[0149] The optical component 150 may be made of a material comprising polar molecules. For example, the optical component 150 may comprise polar molecules dispersed in a fluid. For example, the optical component 150 may comprise, but is not limited to, polymer-stabilized liquid crystal (PSLC).

[0150] When both the first transistor T1 and the second transistor T2 are turned off, the first driving electrode E1 and the second driving electrode E2 can be in a floating state. Therefore, the polar molecules constituting the optical component 150 can maintain a uniform distribution. Thus, the optical component 150 can maintain a shape symmetrical with respect to the central axis.

[0151] Simultaneously, polar molecules included in the optical component 150 can move according to the electric field formed in the optical component 150. For example, the optical component 150 may include a dipole material that moves in the direction in which a high voltage is applied. Therefore, when an electric field is formed between the first driving electrode E1 and the second driving electrode E2, the optical component 150 may be offset toward either the first driving electrode E1 side or the second driving electrode E2 side. Therefore, when the first driving electrode E1 and the second driving electrode E2 are sequentially arranged along the first direction DR1, light emitted from the light-emitting element 160 incident on the side of the optical component 150 can be refracted in the first direction DR1 and can travel in that side direction. Therefore, the optical component 150 can limit the viewing angle range of the light-emitting element 160 in the first direction DR1 or improve the side viewing angle.

[0152] The driving mode of the subpixel SP will be referenced later. Figure 6 and Figure 7 Detailed description.

[0153] The third interlayer insulating layer 108 can be disposed on the first transistor T1 and the second transistor T2. The third interlayer insulating layer 108 can be disposed in a region that does not overlap with the optical component 150, the first driving electrode E1, and the second driving electrode E2. For example, as... Figure 5 As shown, the third interlayer insulating layer 108 can expose the top surfaces of the first driving electrode E1 and the second driving electrode E2, and can also expose the top surface of the second touch insulating layer 183 in the light-emitting region EA.

[0154] The third interlayer insulating layer 108 may cover the top surface of the first source S1 of the first transistor T1 and the top surface of the second source S2 of the second transistor T2. The third interlayer insulating layer 108 may extend between the second source S2 and the first enable line EL1 and between the first signal line SL1 and the first enable line EL1, thereby insulating between the second source S2 and the first enable line EL1 and between the first signal line SL1 and the first enable line EL1.

[0155] The third interlayer insulating layer 108 may include contact holes for exposing the first source S1 of the first transistor T1 and the second source S2 of the second transistor T2. Furthermore, although not shown in the figures, the third interlayer insulating layer 108 may include contact holes for exposing the first gate G1 of the first transistor T1 and contact holes for exposing the second gate G2 of the second transistor T2.

[0156] The first enable line EL1, the first signal line SL1, the second enable line EL2, and the second signal line SL2 can be disposed on the third interlayer insulating layer 108. Each of the first enable line EL1, the first signal line SL1, the second enable line EL2, and the second signal line SL2 can extend in the same direction. For example, each of the first enable line EL1, the first signal line SL1, the second enable line EL2, and the second signal line SL2 can extend in a first direction DR1. Figure 4 The diagram shows a first signal line SL1, a first enable line EL1, a second signal line SL2, and a second enable line EL2 arranged sequentially along the second direction DR2, but the order of the first signal line SL1, the first enable line EL1, the second signal line SL2, and the second enable line EL2 is not limited to this.

[0157] The same signal as the electrical signal applied to the plurality of sub-pixels SP can be provided to the first signal line SL1. For example, a high-potential electrical voltage can be applied to the first signal line SL1, but is not limited thereto. The first signal line SL1 can be electrically connected to the first source S1 of the first transistor T1 through the contact hole of the third interlayer insulating layer 108. The first signal line SL1 can extend in the first direction DR1 and can be electrically connected to the first source S1 of the plurality of first transistors T1 disposed in the first direction DR1.

[0158] A first selection signal for turning on the first transistor T1 can be applied to the first enable line EL1. Therefore, the first transistor T1 can transmit a high-potential electrical voltage to the first drive electrode E1 in response to the first selection signal. Although not shown in the figures, the first enable line EL1 can be electrically connected to the first gate G1 of the first transistor T1 through contact holes in the third interlayer insulating layer 108 and the second touch insulating layer 183. The first enable line EL1 can extend along a first direction DR1 and can be electrically connected to the first gate G1 of a plurality of first transistors T1 disposed along the first direction DR1.

[0159] The same signal as the power signal applied to the multiple sub-pixels SP can be provided to the second signal line SL2. For example, a high-potential power voltage can be applied to the second signal line SL2, but it is not limited to this. The second signal line SL2 can be electrically connected to the second source S2 of the second transistor T2 through the contact hole of the third interlayer insulating layer 108. The second signal line SL2 can extend in the first direction DR1 and can be electrically connected to the second source S2 of the multiple second transistors T2 disposed in the first direction DR1.

[0160] A second selection signal for turning on the second transistor T2 can be applied to the second enable line EL2. Therefore, the second transistor T2 can transmit a high-potential electrical voltage to the second drive electrode E2 in response to the second selection signal. Although not shown in the figures, the second enable line EL2 can be electrically connected to the second gate G2 of the second transistor T2 through contact holes in the third interlayer insulating layer 108 and the second touch insulating layer 183. The second enable line EL2 can extend along the first direction DR1 and can be electrically connected to the second gate G2 of a plurality of second transistors T2 disposed along the first direction DR1.

[0161] The second outer coating 109 can be disposed on the first enable line EL1, the first signal line SL1, the second enable line EL2, the second signal line SL2, and the optical component 150. The second outer coating 109 can cover the top and side surfaces of the first enable line EL1, the first signal line SL1, the second enable line EL2, the second signal line SL2, and the optical component 150, and can flatten the upper parts of the first enable line EL1, the first signal line SL1, the second enable line EL2, the second signal line SL2, and the optical component 150. Furthermore, the shape of the second outer coating 109 can vary according to the shape deformation of the optical component 150. The second outer coating 109 can be made of organic materials. For example, the second outer coating 109 can be made of photoacrylic acid, benzocyclobutene BCB, polyimide PI, or polyamide PA, but is not limited thereto.

[0162] Below, we will refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7 Describe in detail the driving mode of the subpixel SP.

[0163] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view showing a display device according to a first driving mode of the present disclosure. Figure 6 It is a cross-sectional view of sub-pixel SP when the first transistor T1 is turned on and the second transistor T2 is turned off.

[0164] Reference Figure 6 When the first transistor T1 is turned on, a first driving current can be applied to the first driving electrode E1 extending from the first transistor T1, and when the second transistor T2 is turned off, the driving current may not be transmitted to the second driving electrode E2 extending from the second transistor T2. Therefore, the second driving electrode E2 can be floating. Simultaneously, when a signal with the same high-potential power voltage is applied from the first transistor T1 to the first driving electrode E1, an electric field can be formed between the first driving electrode E1 and the second driving electrode E2.

[0165] The polar molecules constituting the optical component 150 can move toward the first driving electrode E1, which is subjected to a high-potential electrical voltage. Therefore, as... Figure 6 As shown, the optical component 150 can be offset towards the first driving electrode E1 side. Therefore, light emitted from the light-emitting element 160 and incident on the optical component 150 can be refracted towards the first driving electrode E1 side and travel in the lateral direction. Therefore, the brightness of the image displayed by each sub-pixel SP from the first driving electrode E1 side (i.e., the brightness of the display device 100 on the first driving electrode E1 side) can be increased. Simultaneously, the brightness of the display device 100 on the second driving electrode E2 side (i.e., the brightness of the second driving electrode E2 side) can be decreased. Therefore, the viewing angle range on the first driving electrode E1 side can be expanded, while the viewing angle range on the second driving electrode E2 side can be limited.

[0166] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view showing a display device according to the second driving mode of the present disclosure. Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of sub-pixel SP when the second transistor T2 is turned on and the first transistor T1 is turned off.

[0167] refer to Figure 7 When the second transistor T2 is turned on, a second driving current can be applied to the second driving electrode E2 extending from the second transistor T2, and when the second transistor T2 is turned off, the driving current may not be transmitted to the first driving electrode E1 extending from the second transistor T2. Therefore, the first driving electrode E1 can be floating. Simultaneously, when a signal with the same high-potential power voltage is applied from the second transistor T2 to the second driving electrode E2, an electric field can be formed between the first driving electrode E1 and the second driving electrode E2.

[0168] The polar molecules constituting the optical component 150 can move toward the second driving electrode E2 towards which a high-potential electrical voltage is applied. Therefore, as... Figure 7 As shown, the optical component 150 can be offset towards the second driving electrode E2 side. Therefore, light emitted from the light-emitting element 160 and incident on the optical component 150 can be refracted towards the second driving electrode E2 side and travel in the lateral direction. Therefore, the brightness of the image displayed by each sub-pixel SP from the second driving electrode E2 side (i.e., the brightness of the display device 100 on the second driving electrode E2 side) can be increased. Simultaneously, the brightness of the first driving electrode E1 side (i.e., the brightness of the display device 100 on the first driving electrode E1 side) can be decreased. Therefore, the viewing angle range of the second driving electrode E2 side can be expanded, while the viewing angle range of the first driving electrode E1 side can be limited.

[0169] Simultaneously, multiple sub-pixels SP can be driven in a third driving mode. The third driving mode can be determined by user input or when predetermined conditions are met. Alternatively, the third driving mode can be determined by a sensor disposed within the display device 100. For example, the eye position of the driver and / or passenger can be identified by a camera disposed within the display device 100, and a third viewing angle can be formed in which light from multiple sub-pixels SP is provided based on the eye position of the driver and / or passenger. In this case, only a portion of the display area of ​​the display panel PN can be driven in the third driving mode. For example, only one of the first and second areas of the display panel PN can be driven in the third mode. However, this disclosure is not limited to this, and all areas of the display area of ​​the display panel PN can be driven in the third mode.

[0170] When driving multiple sub-pixels SP in the third driving mode, both the first transistor T1 and the second transistor T2 can be turned off. For example, in the third driving mode, the optical component 150 of each of the multiple sub-pixels SP can maintain a shape symmetrical with respect to the central axis, similar to the reference... Figure 5 The optical component 150 of the first sub-pixel SP1 is described. Therefore, in the light emitted from the light-emitting element 160, the light incident on the side of the optical component 150 is refracted in the frontal direction, and the frontal brightness of the image displayed from each sub-pixel SP can be increased.

[0171] Vehicle displays need to display content appropriately so as not to interfere with vehicle operation. For example, the display may need to limit the field of view of an image based on user requests and / or content. Therefore, the shape of the optical components disposed in the display is controlled to limit the viewing angle range of the image. However, since the viewing angle range is limited by the shape of the optical components, individual pixels corresponding to the viewing angle are required to limit the viewing angle. For example, multiple pixels, multiple pixel circuits, and multiple optical components forming a certain range of viewing angles are typically added separately to the display device. In this case, there are problems of increased process and manufacturing costs, and problems of pixel spacing and resolution degradation may occur.

[0172] Therefore, in a display device 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the shape of the optical component 150 is not fixed, and the shape of the optical component 150 can vary according to the potential difference between the first driving electrode E1 and the second driving electrode E2. Thus, the shape of the optical component 150 can vary, allowing the viewing angle of light emitted from the plurality of sub-pixels SP to vary. For example, depending on the potential difference between the first driving electrode E1 and the second driving electrode E2, the optical component 150 can move toward either the first driving electrode E1 side or the second driving electrode E2 side; therefore, the optical axis of the optical component 150 can move toward either the first driving electrode E1 or the second driving electrode E2 side. Therefore, viewing angle control of the image displayed from the light-emitting element 160 can be performed more effectively based on the signals applied to the first driving electrode E1 and the second driving electrode E2. Therefore, when the display device 100 is used in a vehicle, the viewing angle can be controlled more effectively by adjusting the relative brightness for the driver and passengers.

[0173] Therefore, the display device 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure can adjust the viewing angle according to the variable shape of the optical component 150, and thus selectively provide an image of the display device 100 according to the viewer's viewing angle. For example, when the display device 100 is used in a vehicle, the eye positions of the driver and / or passenger can be identified by a camera located within the display device 100. Therefore, the shape of the optical component 150 can be selectively changed by applying electrical signals to the first driving electrode E1 and the second driving electrode E2 according to the eye positions of the driver and / or passenger. For example, depending on the eye positions of the driver and / or passenger, a first area of ​​the display area of ​​the display panel PN can provide light within a first range to form a first viewing angle, while a second area can provide light within a second range to form a second viewing angle. Therefore, light from multiple sub-pixels SP can be selectively provided to the driver and passenger, and different images can be provided to the driver and passenger respectively.

[0174] Furthermore, the display device 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure can adjust the viewing angle according to the variable shape of the optical component 150. Therefore, separate pixels, pixel circuits, and optical components for viewing angle adjustment are unnecessary, thereby reducing process and manufacturing costs, and suppressing problems related to pixel spacing and resolution reduction in a limited area. Consequently, the driving voltage of the display device 100 can be reduced, resulting in lower power consumption, and the lifespan of the display device 100 can be increased due to reduced brightness and heat generation.

[0175] Exemplary embodiments of this disclosure can also be described as follows:

[0176] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a display device is provided. The display device includes: a substrate having a plurality of defined sub-pixels; a plurality of light-emitting elements disposed in each of the plurality of sub-pixels; an encapsulation layer disposed on the plurality of light-emitting elements; a plurality of optical components disposed on the encapsulation layer for each of the plurality of sub-pixels; a plurality of first transistors disposed on the encapsulation layer; a plurality of second transistors disposed on the encapsulation layer; a plurality of first driving electrodes connected to the plurality of first transistors on the encapsulation layer and in contact with one side of the plurality of optical components; and a plurality of second driving electrodes connected to the plurality of second transistors on the encapsulation layer and in contact with the other side of the plurality of optical components.

[0177] Multiple first driving electrodes and multiple second driving electrodes can be configured to be spaced apart from each other along a first direction, and multiple light-emitting elements are inserted between the multiple first driving electrodes and multiple second driving electrodes.

[0178] Multiple optical components can be in the shape of strips extending along the second direction.

[0179] In the plurality of first driving electrodes and the plurality of second driving electrodes, the plurality of optical components can be offset in the direction of the driving electrode to which a high potential voltage is applied.

[0180] When multiple first transistors and multiple second transistors are turned off, multiple optical components can be symmetrical with respect to the central axis.

[0181] The display device may further include a bridge electrode disposed on the encapsulation layer and a touch electrode disposed on the bridge electrode, wherein a plurality of first driving electrodes and a plurality of second driving electrodes may be disposed on the same layer as the touch electrode.

[0182] The display device may also include a black background disposed between the encapsulation layer and a plurality of first transistors and between the encapsulation layer and a plurality of second transistors.

[0183] The display device may further include an insulating layer disposed on a plurality of first transistors and a plurality of second transistors, a plurality of first signal lines disposed on the insulating layer and connected to the plurality of first transistors, a plurality of first enable lines disposed on the insulating layer and connected to the plurality of first transistors, a plurality of second signal lines disposed on the insulating layer and connected to the plurality of second transistors, and a plurality of second enable lines disposed on the insulating layer and connected to the plurality of second transistors.

[0184] Multiple optical components may include dipole materials.

[0185] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a display device is provided. The display device includes: a substrate having a plurality of defined sub-pixels; a plurality of light-emitting elements disposed in each of the plurality of sub-pixels; a plurality of first driving electrodes disposed on one side of the plurality of light-emitting elements; a plurality of second driving electrodes disposed on the other side of the plurality of light-emitting elements; and a plurality of optical members covering a portion of the top surface of the plurality of first driving electrodes and a portion of the top surface of the plurality of second driving electrodes, wherein the plurality of optical members are configured to shift their shape to one side or the other side according to a voltage applied to the plurality of first driving electrodes and the plurality of second driving electrodes.

[0186] The plurality of first driving electrodes and the plurality of second driving electrodes may be configured to be spaced apart from each other along a first direction, wherein a plurality of light-emitting elements are located between the plurality of first driving electrodes and the plurality of second driving electrodes, and each of the plurality of first driving electrodes and the plurality of second driving electrodes may extend along a second direction.

[0187] Multiple optical components can extend in the second direction.

[0188] In the plurality of first driving electrodes and the plurality of second driving electrodes, the plurality of optical components can be offset in the direction of the driving electrode to which a high voltage is applied.

[0189] The display device may also include an encapsulation layer disposed on a plurality of light-emitting elements, wherein a plurality of first driving electrodes and a plurality of second driving electrodes may be disposed on the encapsulation layer.

[0190] The display device may further include a plurality of first transistors and a plurality of second transistors, the plurality of first transistors and the plurality of second transistors being disposed on a packaging layer and each of the plurality of first transistors and the plurality of second transistors including a semiconductor layer, a gate, a source and a drain, wherein the plurality of first driving electrodes may be respectively connected to the plurality of first transistors and the plurality of second driving electrodes may be respectively connected to the plurality of second transistors.

[0191] The display device may also include a black background that overlaps with the semiconductor layers of a plurality of first transistors and a plurality of second transistors on the encapsulation layer.

[0192] The display device may further include a touch sensing unit on the encapsulation layer. The touch sensing unit includes a bridge electrode and a touch electrode, wherein the gates of a plurality of first transistors and the gates of a plurality of second transistors may be disposed on the same layer as the bridge electrode, and the sources, drains, sources, and drains of a plurality of first transistors, a plurality of second transistors, and the touch electrode may be disposed on the same layer as the touch electrode.

[0193] Multiple optical components may include polymer-stabilized liquid crystal (PSLC).

[0194] Although exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present disclosure is not limited thereto and may be implemented in many different forms without departing from the technical concept of the present disclosure. Therefore, the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are provided for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the technical concept of the present disclosure. The scope of the technical concept of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Therefore, it should be understood that the above exemplary embodiments are illustrative in all respects and do not limit the present disclosure. The scope of protection of the present disclosure should be interpreted based on the appended claims, and all technical concepts within the scope of their equivalents should be interpreted as falling within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0195] Cross-reference to related applications

[0196] This application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2024-0188792, filed on December 17, 2024, with the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

Claims

1. A display device, the display device comprising: A substrate having a plurality of sub-pixels; A plurality of light-emitting elements, wherein the plurality of light-emitting elements are disposed in each of the plurality of sub-pixels; An encapsulation layer is disposed on the plurality of light-emitting elements; Multiple optical components are disposed on the encapsulation layer for each of the multiple sub-pixels; A plurality of first transistors, the plurality of first transistors being disposed on the packaging layer; A plurality of second transistors, the plurality of second transistors being disposed on the packaging layer; A plurality of first driving electrodes are connected to the plurality of first transistors on the encapsulation layer and are in contact with one side of the plurality of optical components; as well as A plurality of second driving electrodes are connected to the plurality of second transistors on the encapsulation layer and are in contact with the other side of the plurality of optical components.

2. The display device according to claim 1, wherein, The plurality of first driving electrodes and the plurality of second driving electrodes are arranged to be spaced apart from each other along a first direction, and the plurality of light-emitting elements are inserted between the plurality of first driving electrodes and the plurality of second driving electrodes.

3. The display device according to claim 2, wherein, The plurality of optical components are in the shape of strips extending along the second direction.

4. The display device according to claim 1, wherein, In the plurality of first driving electrodes and the plurality of second driving electrodes, the plurality of optical components are offset in the direction of the driving electrode to which a high potential voltage is applied.

5. The display device according to claim 1, wherein, When the plurality of first transistors and the plurality of second transistors are turned off, the plurality of optical components are symmetrical with respect to the central axis.

6. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising: A bridge electrode, wherein the bridge electrode is disposed on the encapsulation layer; as well as A touch electrode, wherein the touch electrode is disposed on the bridge electrode. The plurality of first driving electrodes and the plurality of second driving electrodes are disposed on the same layer as the touch electrode.

7. The display device according to claim 1, the display device further comprising a black background, the black background being disposed between the encapsulation layer and the plurality of first transistors and between the encapsulation layer and the plurality of second transistors.

8. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising: An insulating layer is disposed on the plurality of first transistors and the plurality of second transistors; Multiple first signal lines are disposed on the insulating layer and connected to the multiple first transistors; Multiple first enable lines are disposed on the insulating layer and connected to the multiple first transistors; Multiple second signal lines are disposed on the insulating layer and connected to the multiple second transistors; as well as Multiple second enable lines are disposed on the insulating layer and connected to the multiple second transistors.

9. The display device according to claim 1, wherein, The plurality of optical components include dipole materials.

10. A display device, the display device comprising: A substrate having a plurality of sub-pixels; A plurality of light-emitting elements, wherein the plurality of light-emitting elements are disposed in each of the plurality of sub-pixels; A plurality of first driving electrodes are disposed on one side of the plurality of light-emitting elements; A plurality of second driving electrodes are disposed on the other side of the plurality of light-emitting elements; as well as A plurality of optical components, the plurality of optical components covering a portion of the top surface of a plurality of first driving electrodes and a portion of the top surface of a plurality of second driving electrodes, and configured to offset the shape of the plurality of optical components toward one side or the other side of the plurality of optical components according to the voltage applied to the plurality of first driving electrodes and the plurality of second driving electrodes.

11. The display device according to claim 10, wherein, The plurality of first driving electrodes and the plurality of second driving electrodes are arranged to be spaced apart from each other along a first direction, and the plurality of light-emitting elements are inserted between the plurality of first driving electrodes and the plurality of second driving electrodes. Each of the plurality of first driving electrodes and the plurality of second driving electrodes extends along a second direction.

12. The display device according to claim 11, wherein, The plurality of optical components extend in the second direction.

13. The display device according to claim 10, wherein, In the plurality of first driving electrodes and the plurality of second driving electrodes, the plurality of optical components are offset in the direction of the driving electrode to which a high voltage is applied.

14. The display device according to claim 10, further comprising an encapsulation layer disposed on the plurality of light-emitting elements, in, The plurality of first driving electrodes and the plurality of second driving electrodes are disposed on the encapsulation layer.

15. The display device of claim 14, further comprising a plurality of first transistors and a plurality of second transistors, the plurality of first transistors and the plurality of second transistors being disposed on the encapsulation layer and each of the plurality of first transistors and the plurality of second transistors comprising a semiconductor layer, a gate, a source, and a drain. in, The plurality of first driving electrodes are respectively connected to the plurality of first transistors, and The plurality of second driving electrodes are respectively connected to the plurality of second transistors.

16. The display device according to claim 15, further comprising a black background, the black background overlapping the semiconductor layers of the plurality of first transistors and the semiconductor layers of the plurality of second transistors on the encapsulation layer.

17. The display device of claim 15, further comprising a touch sensing unit on the encapsulation layer, the touch sensing unit comprising a bridge electrode and a touch electrode. in, The gates of the plurality of first transistors and the gates of the plurality of second transistors are disposed on the same layer as the bridge electrode, and The sources, drains, sources, and drains of the plurality of first transistors are disposed on the same layer as the touch electrode.

18. The display device according to claim 10, wherein, The plurality of optical components include polymer-stabilized liquid crystal (PSLC).

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