A pouring frame and a pouring form and a design method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a pouring frame and a pouring form and a design method thereof, and relates to the technical field of pouring forms.The pouring form comprises a support plate;the support plate is a single curved surface structure and has elasticity;the size of the area formed after the single curved surface is flattened is the same as the size of a planar unit;and the curvature of the curved edge line of the single curved surface is adapted to the curvature of a target curve.The application designs the support plate as an elastic single curved surface structure, and the flattened size of the support plate is consistent with the size of a planar unit which can array and cover a target curved surface unfolding area, thereby realizing the standardized and modular design of the pouring form for the pouring of special-shaped curved surfaces, breaking the limitation of traditional non-standard customization, enabling the pouring form to have general interchangeability, and enabling the pouring form to be recycled and reused across components and projects, so that the high recycling advantage of the pouring form is fully utilized, and the material consumption and manufacturing cost are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of casting formwork technology, specifically to a casting frame and its casting formwork and design method. Background Technology

[0002] In the process of mass production of cast bodies using concrete casting technology, if the cast body has irregular and complex irregular curved surfaces, conventional casting formwork systems are difficult to adapt to the curved surface shape to complete the construction of the casting frame. The specific reasons are as follows: Irregular and complex irregular curved surfaces generally take irregular curves that change continuously in one or two directions as the basic characteristics of the shape core. Commonly used curved casting surfaces in engineering can be divided into two main categories. One category consists of single-curved and hyperboloidal surface structures formed by curves with fixed mathematical rules, such as perfect circles, ellipses, and parabolas. These surfaces can be parametrically decomposed, and under certain conditions, the dimensions of casting template units can be standardized, modularly designed, and mass-produced. The other category consists of single-curved and hyperboloidal surface structures composed of free curves without fixed rules, such as Mayan-style surfaces, irregular art sculpture surfaces, and nonlinear landscape structures. The curvature of these surfaces changes continuously and irregularly, and there is no uniform module to follow for their shape. It is impossible to decompose them into standard-sized casting template units with universal interchangeability. They can only be customized individually according to the points on the surface. Ultimately, the dimensions, shapes, and curvature parameters of the casting template units used in the same batch of casting are all different, with no interchangeability.

[0003] If casting templates cannot be designed and produced in a standardized manner, it will directly trigger a series of chain problems. Not only will non-standard customized casting template units correspond one-to-one with the curved points of a specific casting body, making them only suitable for the casting construction of the corresponding component, but they will also be unable to be reused across components or projects, thus losing the core advantage of high turnover of casting templates. Furthermore, because non-standard casting template systems lack interchangeability, if a single casting template unit experiences deformation, damage, or welding failure during construction, there will be no standard parts of the same specification that can be directly replaced. This will lead to the entire casting template system being unable to accurately match the irregular curved surface shape of the casting body, and the entire template system may even face the risk of being scrapped, further exacerbating the waste of template consumable costs and ultimately causing a sharp increase in the manufacturing cost of irregular curved surface casting bodies. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a casting frame and its casting template, as well as a design method, to solve the technical problem that it is difficult to standardize the casting template of a casting body with irregular curved surfaces.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution:

[0006] Firstly, this application proposes a technical solution for a casting template. This casting template is used for casting a target casting body, the target casting body including a target curved surface, which is the curved surface of the target casting body facing the casting template during the casting process. The casting template includes a support plate; the support plate is a single-curved surface structure and has elasticity; the size of the area formed after the single-curved surface is flattened is the same as the size of the planar unit; the planar unit is a plane that meets preset conditions, the preset conditions being that an array of multiple planar units can completely cover the target area; the target area is the area formed after the target curved surface is unfolded and flattened; the curvature of the arc-shaped edge line of the single-curved surface matches the curvature of the target curve; the target curve is the curve with the smallest curvature among a first curve and a second curve; the first curve is an arc-shaped curve formed by projecting the edge line of the target curved surface along a first direction; the second curve is an arc-shaped curve formed by projecting the edge line of the target curved surface along a second direction; the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction, and both the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to the thickness direction of the target casting body.

[0007] As a specific solution in this application, the curvature of the arc-shaped edge line of the single-curved surface is equal to the average value of the curvature at various points in the target curve; or, the curvature of the arc-shaped edge line of the single-curved surface is equal to the average value of the maximum curvature and the minimum curvature in the target curve.

[0008] As a specific solution in this application, the first length is greater than the second length; the first length is the length of the straight edge of the single curved surface; the second length is the arc length of the arc edge of the single curved surface; the ratio of the first length to the second length is greater than or equal to 3 and less than or equal to 5; the second length is greater than or equal to 400 mm and less than or equal to 600 mm.

[0009] As a specific embodiment of the technical solution in this application, the support plate is further provided with multiple vertical ribs; each vertical rib is arranged along a third direction, and each vertical rib extends along a fourth direction; the third direction is parallel to the straight edge of the single curved surface, and the fourth direction is parallel to the first plane; the arcuate edge of the single curved surface is located in the first plane.

[0010] As a specific embodiment of the technical solution in this application, the support plate is further provided with multiple horizontal ribs; each horizontal rib is arranged along the fourth direction; each horizontal rib extends along the third direction, and each horizontal rib is broken at the junction of each vertical rib; the gap formed between the break point of each horizontal rib and the corresponding vertical rib is greater than or equal to 4 mm and less than or equal to 6 mm.

[0011] As a specific solution in this application, the casting template is further provided with a splicing structure, which is used to splice multiple casting templates into a whole; the splicing structure includes multiple through holes on the horizontal ribs and vertical ribs provided on the edge of the support plate.

[0012] Secondly, this application proposes a technical solution for a method of designing a casting template. This method is applied to the casting of a target casting body, the target casting body including a target curved surface, the target curved surface being the surface of the target casting body facing the casting template during the casting process; the casting template includes a support plate; the design method includes: Based on the target surface, a first curve and a second curve are obtained; the first curve is an arc-shaped curve formed by projecting the edge line of the target surface along a first direction; the second curve is an arc-shaped curve formed by projecting the edge line of the target surface along a second direction; the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction. Based on the first curve and the second curve, a target curve is obtained; the target curve is the curve with the smallest curvature among the first curve and the second curve. Based on the target surface, planar units that meet preset conditions are obtained; the preset conditions are that the array of multiple planar units can completely cover the target area; the target area is the area formed after the target surface is unfolded and flattened. Based on the target curve and the planar unit, the support plate is designed; the support plate is a single-curved surface structure; the size of the area formed by the flattened single-curved surface is the same as the size of the planar unit; the curvature of the arc-shaped edge line of the single-curved surface is adapted to the curvature of the target curve.

[0013] Thirdly, this application proposes a technical solution for a cast-in-place frame. The cast-in-place frame includes multiple casting templates and multiple tie rods; the casting templates are any of the casting templates described in the first aspect, or; the casting templates are obtained using the design method described in the second aspect.

[0014] As a specific solution in this application, the tie rod includes: Intermediate rod; Two externally threaded rods, one of which is located at one end of the intermediate rod body, and the other externally threaded rod is located at the other end of the intermediate rod body; Both first limiting blocks are disposed on the intermediate rod body; A second limiting block that corresponds one-to-one with the external threaded rod; the second limiting block is threadedly connected to the corresponding external threaded rod.

[0015] As a specific solution in this application, the casting frame further includes a reinforcing component, which is disposed on the casting template to limit the relative displacement of the vertical ribs and horizontal ribs in the casting template during the casting process; the reinforcing component includes reinforcing steel, which is provided with vertical grooves and horizontal grooves, the vertical grooves being adapted to the vertical ribs, and the horizontal grooves being adapted to the horizontal ribs.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are: This application achieves standardized and modular design of casting templates for irregular curved surfaces by designing the support plate as a flexible single-curved surface structure. Its flattened dimensions are consistent with the planar units that can be arrayed to cover the unfolded area of ​​the target curved surface. This breaks through the limitations of traditional non-standard customization, enabling the casting templates to be universally interchangeable and reused across components and projects, fully leveraging the high turnover advantage of casting templates and reducing material consumption and manufacturing costs. Simultaneously, the curvature of the single-curved surface's arc-shaped edge adapts to the curve with the smallest curvature among the two perpendicular projection curves of the target curved surface. Relying on the elasticity of the support plate, only minor adjustments to the straight edge are needed to match the local curvature of the target curved surface, avoiding excessive bending of the support plate and plastic deformation, thus ensuring its structural integrity and reusability. Furthermore, the standardized casting templates, after splicing, can cover the target curved surface without gaps or overlaps, ensuring the forming accuracy of the cast surface and preventing concrete leakage. The single-curved surface structure also enhances the lateral pressure resistance of the steel plate, increasing the stability of the casting construction. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the target casting body proposed in the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the plane projection of the target casting body in the X direction; Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the plane projection of the target casting body in the Y direction; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a first curve proposed in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a casting template proposed in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a perspective view of another casting template proposed in the embodiments of this application; Figure 7 for Figure 6 Front view of the formwork for pouring concrete; Figure 8 for Figure 7 An enlarged schematic diagram of section C; Figure 9This is a schematic diagram of the casting template and tie rod connection proposed in the embodiments of this application; Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a reinforcement component proposed in an embodiment of this application; Figure 11 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a tie rod proposed in an embodiment of this application; Figure 12 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a casting frame proposed in an embodiment of this application. Figure 13 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for designing a casting template according to an embodiment of this application.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Target casting body; 11. Target curved surface; 111. First curve; 112. Second curve; 2. Casting template; 21. Support plate; 211. Edge straight line; 212. Edge curve; 22. Vertical rib; 23. Horizontal rib; 24. Through hole; 3. Tie rod; 31. Intermediate rod; 32. First limiting block; 33. External threaded rod; 34. Second limiting block; 4. Reinforcing component; 41. Reinforcing steel; 42. Vertical groove; 43. Horizontal groove. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0020] It should be noted that in the description of this application, the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0021] Furthermore, it should be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various components shown in the accompanying drawings are not drawn to actual scale; for example, the thickness or width of some layers may be exaggerated relative to other layers.

[0022] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined or described in one figure, it will not need to be discussed or described in detail in the description of the subsequent figures.

[0023] Before understanding the embodiments of this application, it should be noted that, in order to simplify the drawings and enable those skilled in the art to clearly understand the specific structure of the various parts proposed in the embodiments of this application, some mature components (such as the threads of the external thread rod 33, bolts for connecting the reinforcing steel 41 and the ribs, etc.) are omitted in the drawings of this application.

[0024] It should be noted that the embodiments proposed in this application are mainly designed based on the application scenario of concrete pouring, and do not mean that the embodiments proposed in this application are only applicable to the application scenario of concrete pouring. It should be understood that the technical concept and core solution proposed in this application have universality and scalability. Without departing from the technical principles and core inventive concept of this application, the solution can also be applied to other pouring construction, material forming or related engineering application scenarios with similar working conditions and similar technical requirements. This application covers all the above-mentioned reasonably expandable application scenarios.

[0025] To address the technical problem of standardizing casting templates for irregularly shaped curved surfaces, as mentioned in the background art, this application proposes an embodiment of a casting template. Specifically, this casting template is applied to the casting of the target casting body 1, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the target casting body 1 includes a target curved surface 11, which is the curved surface of the target casting body 1 facing the casting template 2 during the casting process.

[0026] It is important to note that Figure 1 The target cast-in-place body 1 shown is a relatively gently sloping hyperboloid structure. In this application, the following is used... Figure 1 The target casting body 1 shown illustrates various embodiments, with the main purpose of clearly and intuitively explaining the core principles, overall structure and working process of the technical solution of this application, simplifying the explanation of complexity, and facilitating those skilled in the art to quickly understand and implement the technical solution of this application, rather than constituting any limitation on the casting body structure form to which this application applies. Figure 1 The structure of the target casting body 1 shown is relatively gentle, and it is only an illustrative example. The technical solution proposed in this application can also be applied to various irregular / curved casting body structures with more complex structures, more diverse curved surface forms, and different size specifications without departing from the core inventive concept. This application covers all such reasonable extended application scenarios.

[0027] In this application, the casting template 2 includes a support plate 21. The support plate 21 has a single-curved surface structure and is elastic. The size of the area formed after the single-curved surface is flattened is the same as the size of the planar unit. The planar unit is a plane that meets preset conditions, namely, that an array of multiple planar units can completely cover the target area. The target area is the area formed after the target curved surface 11 is unfolded and flattened. The curvature of the curved edge line of the single-curved surface matches the curvature of the target curve. The target curve is the curve with the smallest curvature among the first curve 111 and the second curve 112. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the first curve 111 is the edge line of the target surface 11 along the first direction (i.e., as shown in the figure). Figure 1 The arc-shaped curve formed by the projection of the direction X) shown, as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the second curve 112 is the edge line of the target surface 11 along the second direction (i.e., as shown). Figure 1 The arc-shaped curve formed by the projection of the direction Y) shown has the first direction perpendicular to the second direction, and both the first and second directions are perpendicular to the thickness direction of the target casting 1 (i.e., as shown). Figure 1 The direction shown is Z).

[0028] It is important to note that a single-curved surface structure refers to a structure where curvature changes only in one direction and extends linearly without curvature in the other direction. Examples include roof tiles or curved plasterboard. In other words, single-curved surface structures are mature structures, and will not be elaborated upon further here.

[0029] It should be noted that the single-curved surface proposed in this embodiment refers to the curved surface on the support plate 21, which will not be elaborated further. That is to say, in this embodiment, as... Figure 5 As shown, the single curved surface is a surface formed by two parallel edge curves 212 and two parallel edge straight lines 211 on the support plate 21.

[0030] In this embodiment, complete coverage means that after multiple planar units are arranged in a preset array, there are no gaps or overlaps between the planar units. The combined coverage area of ​​all planar units completely coincides with the outline of the target area formed by unfolding and flattening the target surface 11. There is neither any omission of the target area nor any excess coverage beyond the target area. Furthermore, the array arrangement must be compatible with the splicing and combination method of the subsequent casting templates to ensure that the splicing of multiple standardized casting templates can form an overall shape that completely covers the target surface 11.

[0031] In this embodiment, the purpose of the array of multiple planar units to completely cover the target area is to ensure that the standardized support plate 21, designed according to the size of the planar unit, has a precisely matched structural size after being flattened with the planar unit. This allows multiple such support plates 21 to be spliced ​​together in a manner consistent with the planar unit array, achieving seamless and non-overlapping complete coverage of the target curved surface 11. This ensures the surface forming accuracy of the target cast body 1 after casting and strictly conforms to the design contour requirements of the target curved surface 11. Simultaneously, by standardizing the specifications of the planar units and designing the casting template 2 based on these specifications, modular and standardized production of the casting template 2 can be achieved. This gives the casting template 2 universal interchangeability, breaking the limitation of traditional non-standard customization of casting templates for irregular curved surfaces. It also solves the problem of non-standard casting templates lacking replacement parts of the same specifications and the risk of the entire system being scrapped due to damage to a single casting template. Furthermore, this design allows the structural design of the casting template 2 to be adapted to the unfolding characteristics of the target curved surface 11, so that when the support plate 21 of the single curved surface is spliced, its straight edge and arc edge can be precisely aligned, ensuring the overall structural stability of the casting template 2 after splicing, and avoiding construction problems such as concrete leakage and surface forming deviation caused by splicing gaps and misalignments during the casting process. More importantly, the standardized planar unit design allows the casting template 2 to adapt to different irregular curved surface casting bodies across components and projects (as long as the target area after the unfolding of the target curved surface of the casting body can be covered by the planar unit array, and the edge projection curvature of the target curved surface in a certain direction is similar to the curvature of the arc edge line of the single curved surface), giving full play to the core advantage of the high turnover of the casting template 2, greatly improving the turnover and reuse rate of the casting template 2, reducing the waste of casting template consumable costs, and ultimately reducing the overall manufacturing cost of irregular curved surface casting bodies.

[0032] In this embodiment, matching the curvature of the curved edge line of the single-curved surface (hereinafter referred to as the first curvature) with the curvature of the target curve (hereinafter referred to as the second curvature) means that the first curvature and the second curvature are similar. In this embodiment, the first curvature and the second curvature being similar means that the absolute value of the difference between the first curvature and the second curvature is less than a preset curvature threshold (e.g., 30 per millimeter or 50 per millimeter). That is to say, in this embodiment, the first curvature can be obtained in any reasonable way, as long as the first curvature and the second curvature are similar. For example, the method of obtaining the first curvature can be as shown in Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 below.

[0033] Example 1 of obtaining the first curvature In this embodiment, the first curvature can be equal to the average value of the curvature at various points in the target curve.

[0034] In this embodiment, the average curvature of the target curve can be obtained in any reasonable way. For example, in a specific embodiment, the target curve can be divided into multiple segments (e.g., 4, 8, 10, or 20 segments), and the average curvature of the endpoints and each division point of the target curve can be taken as the average curvature of the target curve. Specifically, as shown... Figure 4 As shown, assuming Figure 4 The first curve 111 in the image is the target curve. Dividing the first curve 111 into four equal segments using points P2 to P4, the average curvature of the endpoints (P1 and P5) and each segment (P2 to P4) can be used as the average curvature of the first curve 111 at all points. In another specific embodiment, the target curve can be fitted to obtain a fitting function, which can then be used to accurately calculate the average curvature of the target curve. Fitting the curve (target curve) in the image and calculating its average curvature is a mature technology and will not be elaborated here. For example, a similar technology is described in patent literature with patent authorization number CN117291963B; patentee: Huada Tianyuan (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd.; authorization date: January 30, 2026.

[0035] Example 2 of obtaining the first curvature In this embodiment, the first curvature can be equal to the average of the maximum and minimum curvatures in the target curve. Specifically, as shown below... Figure 4 As shown, assuming Figure 4 The first curve 111 is the target curve, point P2 is the point with the smallest curvature in the first curve 111, and point P3 is the point with the largest curvature in the first curve 111. Therefore, the average curvature of points P2 and P3 can be taken as the first curvature.

[0036] This concludes the description of Example 2 for obtaining the first curvature.

[0037] In this embodiment, the purpose of using the curve with the smallest curvature among the first curve 111 and the second curve 112 as the target curve is to rely on the elastic characteristics of the support plate 21 itself so that the arc-shaped edge of the support plate 21 can naturally conform to the corresponding curvature part of the target surface 11, avoiding excessive bending due to the need for the arc-shaped edge to adapt to a large curvature, thereby preventing the support plate 21 from undergoing plastic deformation. At the same time, it can minimize the structural deformation difficulty of the support plate 21 when adapting to the target surface 11, ensuring that the support plate 21 is always within the elastic deformation range during the bending adjustment process, without irreversible structural damage, and making the overall curvature adjustment operation of the support plate 21 easier to achieve, effectively improving the splicing efficiency of the casting template 2 in the casting frame construction process.

[0038] In this embodiment, the support plate 21 is designed as a single curved surface structure, and the curvature of the arc edge of the support plate 21 (i.e., the first curvature) is similar to that of the target curve (i.e., the curve with the smallest curvature among the first curve 111 and the second curve 112). The advantage is that when the casting frame for casting the target casting body 1 is built by the casting template 2, it is not necessary to make a large change to the curvature of the arc edge of the support plate 21. Only the curvature of the straight edge of the support plate 21 needs to be changed. By making a small elastic bend to the straight edge of the support plate 21, it is easy to make a single casting template 2 accurately adapt to the local curvature characteristics of the target surface 11. After multiple casting templates 2 are spliced ​​in the array of planar units, an overall shape that conforms to the target surface 11 can be completely constructed. At the same time, this small curvature adjustment will not damage the structural stability of the support plate 21 itself, and can also ensure the gap accuracy after multiple casting templates 2 are spliced, effectively avoiding the construction problem of grout leakage during concrete pouring.

[0039] It is important to note that if the support plate 21 is designed as a flat steel plate, constructing the irregular target curved surface 11 requires large-area, large-angle bending of the flat steel plate. This operation easily causes significant plastic deformation of the flat steel plate, making it unable to return to its original shape. This not only reduces the turnover and reuse rate of the casting template 2, but may also lead to a significant deviation between the surface constructed by bending the flat steel plate and the target curved surface 11, resulting in a large deviation between the surface of the cast-in-place body 1 and the design contour. In contrast, designing the support plate 21 as a flat steel plate... The advantage of this embodiment of the flat steel plate is that the support plate 21 is designed as a single-curved surface structure adapted to the curvature of the target curve. Only a small elastic adjustment of its straight edges is needed to ensure that the single-curved surface on the casting template 2 closely fits the target curved surface 11 without significant adjustments to the shape of the support plate 21. This reduces the probability of plastic deformation of the support plate 21, improves the reusability of the casting template 2, and effectively improves the accuracy between the curved surface formed by splicing the casting template 2 and the target curved surface 11, ensuring the surface forming quality of the target casting body 1. At the same time, the support plate 21 with its single-curved surface structure has a certain arc-shaped structural strength, which can better resist the lateral pressure generated during concrete pouring compared to flat steel plates, reducing the deformation of the casting template 2 during construction and further improving the overall stability of the pouring construction. Furthermore, the single-curved surface support plate 21, based on the standardized design of planar units, can be mass-produced, effectively reducing the production and manufacturing cost of the casting template 2, and fundamentally solving the industry drawback of traditional non-standard customization of casting templates for irregular curved surface pouring.

[0040] As mentioned above, the standardized support plate 21 proposed in this application requires fine-tuning of its shape during use to ensure that the curved surface formed by the support plate 21 conforms to the target curved surface 11, thereby creating a casting surface that perfectly matches the design contour of the target casting body 1. In other words, in the embodiments of this application, the support plate 21 needs to undergo a certain degree of elastic deformation. It should be noted that if the support plate 21 is too thick, it will be difficult to produce elastic deformation, thus increasing the difficulty of adjusting the shape of the support plate 21 during construction; if the support plate 21 is too thin, its lifespan will be short, making long-term reuse difficult.

[0041] To avoid the support plate 21 being too thick or too thin, in one embodiment of this application, the thickness of the support plate 21 can be greater than or equal to 4 mm and less than or equal to 6 mm. Specifically, the thickness of the support plate 21 can be any one of 4 mm, 4.2 mm, 4.4 mm, 4.6 mm, 4.8 mm, 5 mm, 5.2 mm, 5.4 mm, 5.6 mm, 5.8 mm, and 6 mm, or any thickness between any two adjacent thicknesses mentioned above.

[0042] In this embodiment, no rigid restrictions are placed on the dimensions of the support plate 21, i.e., its overall length and width. Theoretically, the length of the straight edge of the single-curved surface in the support plate 21 (hereinafter referred to as the first length) can be less than the arc length of the curved edge (hereinafter referred to as the second length). As can be seen from the above technical design, in the actual pouring and construction process, the deformation amplitude of the support plate 21 along the straight edge direction is necessarily greater than the deformation amplitude along the curved edge direction. As an elastic metal component, the deformation amplitude of the support plate 21 along a certain direction is positively correlated with its extension length along that direction. That is, the longer the length in that direction, the greater the elastic deformation amplitude it can generate, and vice versa. In this application, the support plate 21 needs to be elastically bent along the straight edge to adapt to the local curvature characteristics of the target curved surface 11. This requires that the straight edge of the support plate 21 has sufficient elastic deformation space, while the deformation amplitude of the curved edge needs to be controlled to avoid it exceeding the elastic deformation range and causing plastic deformation. Therefore, in the actual standardized design, the first length can be greater than the second length.

[0043] In order to ensure that the elastic deformation amplitude that the support plate 21 can generate along its straight edge (hereinafter referred to as the first deformation amplitude) is greater than the elastic deformation amplitude that it can generate along its curved edge (hereinafter referred to as the second deformation amplitude), and that the first deformation amplitude and the second deformation amplitude can be matched, in one embodiment of this application, the ratio of the first length and the second length can be greater than or equal to 3 and less than or equal to 5. Specifically, the ratio of the first length and the second length can be any value among 3, 3.2, 3.4, 3.6, 3.8, 4.0, 4.2, 4.4, 4.6, 4.8, and 5, or any value between any two adjacent values ​​mentioned above.

[0044] It is important to note that the matching of the first and second deformation amplitudes means that the first deformation amplitude can accommodate the bending of the support plate along the straight edge direction, thereby adapting to the deformation requirements of the local curvature of the target surface, while the second deformation amplitude can reasonably control the degree of deformation of the support plate along the curved edge direction, keeping it within the elastic deformation range and preventing plastic deformation. Furthermore, the matching of these amplitudes allows the single curved surface of the support plate to closely fit the corresponding part of the target curved surface after adjustment, and also ensures the gap accuracy when multiple casting templates are spliced, avoiding grout leakage during concrete pouring and guaranteeing the surface forming quality of the target cast body.

[0045] As mentioned above, if the first or second length is too long, the overall structural rigidity of the support plate 21 may decrease, making it difficult to effectively resist the lateral pressure generated during concrete pouring. This can lead to excessive deformation of the support plate 21 during the pouring process. Furthermore, excessively long edge dimensions increase the difficulty of splicing adjacent support plates 21, making it impossible to guarantee the gap accuracy after splicing multiple support plates 21, and easily causing concrete leakage during construction. To avoid the above-mentioned problems caused by excessively long edge lengths of the support plate 21, in one embodiment of this application, the first length can be greater than or equal to 1500 mm and less than or equal to 3000 mm; the second length can be greater than or equal to 400 mm and less than or equal to 600 mm. Specifically, the first length can be any one of 1500 mm, 1600 mm, 1700 mm, 1800 mm, 1900 mm, 2000 mm, 2100 mm, 2200 mm, 2300 mm, 2400 mm, 2500 mm, 2600 mm, 2700 mm, 2800 mm, 2900 mm, and 3000 mm, or any length between any two adjacent lengths mentioned above. The second length can be any one of 400 mm, 420 mm, 440 mm, 460 mm, 480 mm, 500 mm, 520 mm, 540 mm, 560 mm, 580 mm, and 600 mm, or any length between any two adjacent lengths mentioned above.

[0046] To increase the strength of the support plate 21 and prevent excessive deformation of the support plate 21 due to the lateral pressure generated by the concrete during the concrete pouring process, in one embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the support plate 21 is also provided with multiple vertical ribs 22. For example... Figure 7 As shown, each vertical rib 22 is along a third direction (i.e., as shown in the diagram). Figure 7 The vertical ribs 22 are arranged along the length L direction of the central support plate 21, and each vertical rib 22 is along the fourth direction (i.e., as shown in the image). Figure 7 The width of the central support plate 21 extends in the S direction. Figure 7 It can be seen that the third direction is parallel to the straight edge of the simple surface (that is, as shown in the figure). Figure 5 The edge line 211 shown in the figure), the fourth direction is parallel to the first plane, the curved edge of the single surface (that is, as shown in the figure). Figure 5 Any of the edge curves 212 shown in the diagram lies within the first plane.

[0047] As mentioned above, during the process of using the casting template 2, the arc-shaped edge direction of the support plate 21 (equivalent to...) Figure 7 The support plate 21 only needs a slight deformation (in the width S direction) to make its curved surface fit the target curved surface 11. Since the support plate 21 only needs a slight deformation in the arc edge direction to achieve a tight fit with the target curved surface 11, the presence of the vertical ribs 22 will not hinder this slight deformation and will hardly affect the normal use of the casting template 2. At the same time, the addition of multiple vertical ribs 22 can effectively enhance the overall structural strength of the support plate 21, effectively improve the support plate 21's ability to resist the lateral pressure of concrete pouring, and reduce the probability of excessive deformation of the support plate 21 during the pouring process. In this embodiment, the structural design of each vertical rib 22 can be combined with the single curved surface structural characteristics of the support plate 21 to achieve a synergistic effect, which can produce a technical effect greater than 1+1>2, ensuring the deformation adaptability of the casting template 2 during use and significantly improving the structural strength of the support plate 21.

[0048] To further increase the strength of the support plate 21 and prevent excessive deformation of the support plate 21 due to the lateral pressure generated by the concrete during the concrete pouring process, in one embodiment of this application, such as Figure 6 As shown, the support plate 21 is also provided with multiple transverse ribs 23. For example... Figure 7 As shown, each transverse rib 23 is along the fourth direction (i.e., as shown in the diagram). Figure 7 The width S direction of the middle support plate 21 is arranged, and each transverse rib 23 is along the third direction (i.e., as shown in the figure). Figure 7 The middle support plate 21 extends along its length L. For example... Figure 8 As shown, each horizontal rib 23 is broken at the junction of each vertical rib 22.

[0049] As mentioned earlier, during the use of the casting template 2, the straight edge direction of the support plate 21 needs to undergo appropriate elastic deformation to ensure that the curved surface of the support plate 21 matches the target curved surface 11. In this embodiment, each horizontal rib 23 is disconnected at its junction with the vertical rib 22. This targeted disconnected structural design minimizes the obstruction to the elastic deformation of the straight edge direction of the support plate 21 and hardly affects the deformation adaptability of the casting template 2 in actual use. Furthermore, the addition of multiple horizontal ribs 23 further enhances the overall structural strength of the support plate 21, and the horizontal ribs 23 can cooperate with the vertical ribs 22 to form a longitudinal and transverse support structure, effectively improving the support plate 21's ability to resist the lateral pressure of concrete pouring and reducing the probability of excessive deformation or even structural displacement of the support plate 21 during the pouring process. In this embodiment, the structural design of each transverse rib 23 can be combined with the single-curved surface structural characteristics of the support plate 21 to achieve a synergistic effect, resulting in a technical effect greater than 2. This ensures the deformation adaptability of the casting template 2 along the straight edge direction during use, and significantly improves the overall structural rigidity and deformation resistance of the support plate 21 through the longitudinal and transverse support structure. This allows the support plate 21 to meet the requirements of curved surface adaptation while having better construction stability.

[0050] In this embodiment, the intersections of the horizontal ribs 23 and each vertical rib 22 are all disconnected. Specifically, the intersections of the horizontal ribs 23 and vertical ribs 22 adopt a discontinuous structural design, with the body of the horizontal rib 23 forming a break at the corresponding position of the vertical rib 22, and a certain gap reserved between the break and the vertical rib 22. The core principle of this gap setting is to not excessively hinder the elastic deformation of the support plate 21 along the straight edge direction, thereby ensuring that the support plate 21 can smoothly undergo elastic bending along the straight edge direction to adapt to the local curvature characteristics of the target surface 11. This embodiment does not impose too many restrictions on the specific design of the break (i.e., the discontinuous structure). For example, the intersection of the horizontal ribs 23 and vertical ribs 22 can be completely separated, so that there is no connection between the broken end of the horizontal rib 23 and the vertical rib 22; or only the main body of the horizontal rib 23 and the vertical rib 22 that are in contact can be broken, while a small connection part is retained in the bottom area where the horizontal rib 23 connects to the support plate 21, without complete severance.

[0051] In this embodiment, the gap formed between the break in the transverse rib 23 and the corresponding vertical rib 22 (i.e., as shown in the figure) Figure 8The gap D shown is not overly restricted, as long as the transverse rib 23 can increase the structural strength of the support plate 21 and does not excessively hinder the elastic deformation of the support plate 21 along the straight edge direction. To achieve this, in one embodiment of this application, the gap formed between the break of each transverse rib 23 and the corresponding vertical rib 22 is greater than or equal to 4 mm and less than or equal to 6 mm. Specifically, the gap can be any one of 4 mm, 4.2 mm, 4.4 mm, 4.6 mm, 4.8 mm, 5 mm, 5.2 mm, 5.4 mm, 5.6 mm, 5.8 mm, and 6 mm, or any gap between any two adjacent gaps mentioned above.

[0052] In this embodiment, there are no restrictions on the material of the support plate 21. For example, the support plate 21 can be a plastic plate, a metal plate, or a wooden board.

[0053] As mentioned above, during use, the various support plates 21 need to be spliced ​​together in conjunction with the tie rods 3 described below (e.g., Figure 9 As shown, a casting frame is constructed. In order to facilitate the splicing of each support plate 21, in one embodiment of this application, the casting template 2 is also provided with a splicing structure, which is used to splice multiple casting templates 2 into a whole piece.

[0054] In this embodiment, there are no restrictions on the splicing structure, as long as the splicing structure facilitates the connection between the two casting templates 2. For example, in one embodiment of this application, the splicing structure can be the locking structure disclosed in the patent application document with publication number CN110700568A, applicant: Hunan Yuandong Steel Mold Co., Ltd., and publication date: January 17, 2020.

[0055] In another embodiment of this application, such as Figure 6 As shown, the splicing structure may include multiple through holes 24 on the horizontal ribs 23 and vertical ribs 22 on the edge of the support plate 21. In use, the two adjacent support plates 21 can be stably spliced ​​by means of bolts and nuts through the through holes 24.

[0056] The proposed embodiment of the casting template achieves standardized and modular design for casting templates used in irregular curved surface casting by designing the support plate as a flexible single-curved surface structure. The flattened dimensions of this structure are consistent with the planar units that can be arrayed to cover the unfolded area of ​​the target curved surface. This breaks through the limitations of traditional non-standard customization, enabling the casting template to be universally interchangeable and reused across components and projects, fully leveraging the high turnover advantage of the casting template and reducing material consumption and manufacturing costs. Simultaneously, the curvature of the single-curved surface's arc-shaped edge adapts to the curve with the smallest curvature among the two perpendicular projection curves of the target curved surface. Relying on the elasticity of the support plate, only minor adjustments to the straight edge are needed to match the local curvature of the target curved surface, avoiding excessive bending of the support plate and plastic deformation, thus ensuring structural integrity and reusability. Furthermore, the standardized casting template, after splicing, can cover the target curved surface without gaps or overlaps, ensuring the forming accuracy of the cast surface and preventing concrete leakage. The single-curved surface structure also enhances the lateral pressure resistance of the steel plate, increasing the stability of the casting construction.

[0057] Having introduced the casting template proposed in the embodiments of this application, the following describes an embodiment of a design method for a casting template proposed in this application. Specifically, this design method is applied to the casting of a target casting body 1, which includes a target curved surface 11. The target curved surface 11 is the curved surface of the target casting body 1 facing the casting template 2 during the casting process. The casting template 2 includes a support plate 21. Figure 13 As shown, the design method includes steps 100 to 400.

[0058] Step 100: Based on the target surface 11, obtain the first curve 111 and the second curve 112.

[0059] In this embodiment, the first curve 111 is an arc-shaped curve formed by projecting the edge line of the target surface 11 along a first direction, and the second curve 112 is an arc-shaped curve formed by projecting the edge line of the target surface 11 along a second direction, where the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction. Specifically, Figure 2 for Figure 1 The plan view formed by the target casting body 1 along the direction X, wherein the first curve 111 is the arc curve formed by the projection of the edge line of the target surface 11 along the direction X. Figure 3 for Figure 1 The plan view formed by the target casting body 1 along the direction Y, wherein the second curve 112 is the arc curve formed by the projection of the edge line of the target surface 11 along the direction Y.

[0060] In the three-dimensional model (i.e., the three-dimensional model of the target casting body 1), obtaining planar views (e.g., bottom view, top view, left view, and right view) in various directions of the three-dimensional model is a mature technology, which will not be elaborated here.

[0061] Step 200: Obtain the target curve based on the first curve 111 and the second curve 112.

[0062] In this embodiment, the target curve is the curve with the smallest curvature among the first curve 111 and the second curve 112. Clearly, in Figures 1 to 3 In the embodiment, the curvature of the first curve 111 is less than the curvature of the second curve 112, therefore in Figures 1 to 3 In the embodiment, the first curve 111 should be selected as the target curve.

[0063] Step 300: Based on the target surface 11, obtain planar elements that meet the preset conditions.

[0064] In this embodiment, the preset condition is that the array of multiple planar units can completely cover the target area, and the target area is the area formed after the target curved surface 11 is unfolded and flattened.

[0065] It is important to understand that unfolding the surface (i.e., the target surface 11) into a plane is a mature technique. For example, the surface unfolding command in Rhino software can be used to unfold the surface into a plane; or, the triangular mesh unfolding method (existing technology) can be used to unfold the surface into a plane.

[0066] Step 400: Design support plate 21 based on the target curve and planar elements.

[0067] In this embodiment, the support plate 21 has a single-curved surface structure, and the size of the area formed by flattening the single-curved surface in the support plate 21 is the same as the size of the planar unit. The curvature of the arc-shaped edge line of the single-curved surface matches the curvature of the target curve.

[0068] The embodiment of the casting template design method proposed in this application establishes a standardized and modular design logic for casting templates adapted to irregular curved surfaces by relying on the projection characteristics and unfolding properties of the target curved surface. This breaks through the industry problem of traditional irregular curved surface casting templates lacking unified design guidelines and only being able to be customized in single non-standard pieces, allowing the design and production of casting templates to be implemented in batches. This method selects the curve with the smallest curvature among the double vertical projection curves as the target curve, and combines it with a single-curved support plate designed with planar units that can be arrayed to cover the unfolded area of ​​the target curved surface. This ensures the compatibility of the curved edge curvature of the support plate with the target curved surface; relying on the elasticity of the support plate, only minor adjustments to the straight edge are needed to fit the curved surface, avoiding excessive bending and plastic deformation. It also ensures that the casting template covers the target curved surface without gaps after splicing, guaranteeing casting accuracy. At the same time, the design steps are clear and highly operable, adaptable to various irregular curved surface casting bodies, improving the universality and interchangeability of casting templates and cross-project turnover efficiency, thereby reducing the design and manufacturing costs of casting templates.

[0069] Having described the design method for the casting formwork proposed in the embodiments of this application, this application also proposes an embodiment of a casting frame. Specifically, as shown... Figure 12 As shown, the casting frame includes multiple casting templates and multiple tie rods 3. In this embodiment, the casting template is the casting template 2 described in any of the above embodiments, or; in this embodiment, the casting template adopts the design method of the casting template described in any of the above embodiments.

[0070] It should be clear that using casting templates and tie rods to build the casting frame is a mature technology, which will not be elaborated on here.

[0071] In this embodiment, the shape and structure of the tie rod 3 are not limited. For example, the tie rod 3 can be the tie rod disclosed in the patent application document with patent publication number CN112342927A, applicant: China Metallurgical Transportation Construction Group Co., Ltd., publication date: February 9, 2021; or, it can be the tie rod disclosed in the patent application document with patent publication number CN103195243A, applicant: Zhongtian Construction Group Co., Ltd., publication date: July 10, 2013.

[0072] To facilitate the connection between the casting template 2 and the tie rod 3, in one embodiment of this application, the tie rod 3 includes a middle rod 31, two externally threaded rods 33, two first limiting blocks 32, and second limiting blocks 34 corresponding to the externally threaded rods 33. Figure 11 As shown, one external threaded rod 33 is disposed at one end of the intermediate rod body 31, and the other external threaded rod 33 is disposed at the other end of the intermediate rod body 31. Both first limiting blocks 32 are disposed on the intermediate rod body 31. The second limiting block 34 is threadedly connected to the corresponding external threaded rod 33.

[0073] In use, since the second limiting block 34 is threadedly connected to the corresponding external threaded rod 33, the operator can first place the pouring template 2 against the outside of the first limiting block 32, and then rotate the second limiting block 34 to move it along the external threaded rod 33 towards the first limiting block 32 until the second limiting block 34 abuts against the outside of the pouring template 2. This securely holds the pouring template 2 between the first limiting block 32 and the second limiting block 34, effectively preventing the pouring template 2 from shifting position during concrete pouring. Furthermore, as... Figure 12As shown, when constructing a casting frame composed of multiple casting templates 2, the spacing between the second limiting block 34 and the first limiting block 32 on the corresponding tie rod 3 can be finely adjusted for casting templates 2 at different positions. This refined adjustment method corrects the splicing shape between adjacent casting templates 2, ensuring a smooth connection at the splicing points of adjacent casting templates 2. This effectively avoids step-like height deviations at the splicing points, ensuring that the overall casting surface formed after all casting templates 2 are spliced ​​can accurately fit the target curved surface 11, guaranteeing the surface forming accuracy of the target casting body 1 after subsequent concrete pouring.

[0074] In this embodiment, the external threaded rod 33 can be integrally formed and fixedly connected to the intermediate rod body 31. In order to facilitate the disassembly and reuse of the external threaded rod 33 after casting is completed, the external threaded rod 33 can also be threadedly connected to the intermediate rod body 31.

[0075] As mentioned above, the intersections of the horizontal ribs 23 and vertical ribs 22 are all disconnected. This results in a significant reduction in mechanical strength at the intersections of the horizontal ribs 23 and vertical ribs 22 on the support plate 21 compared to other complete areas on the support plate 21 with horizontal ribs 23 and vertical ribs 22. During concrete pouring, the casting formwork 2 continuously bears the lateral pressure from the concrete. Under this continuous lateral pressure, the intersections of the horizontal ribs 23 and vertical ribs 22, which have lower mechanical strength, are prone to relative displacement. Once the vertical ribs 22 and horizontal ribs 23 shift relative to each other, it may not only directly damage the overall structural stability of the casting formwork 2, but also cause uncontrollable deviations in the curved surface shape of the casting formwork 2, thereby affecting the surface forming accuracy of the target casting body 1, and potentially causing a series of construction problems such as concrete leakage. To reduce the probability of the above problems occurring, in one embodiment of this application, the casting formwork is the casting formwork 2 with horizontal ribs 23 and vertical ribs 22 as described above. In this embodiment, the casting frame also includes a reinforcing component 4, which is disposed on the casting template 2 and is used to limit the relative displacement of the vertical ribs 22 and the horizontal ribs 23 in the casting template 2 during the casting process.

[0076] In this embodiment, the form of the reinforcing component 4 is not limited. For example, the reinforcing component 4 can be a rigid component such as a steel bar or a steel pipe. When in use, the steel bar or steel pipe can be fixedly connected to the vertical ribs 22 and horizontal ribs 23 on the casting template 2 by welding. The rigid structure of the steel bar or steel pipe forms a limiting constraint on the vertical ribs 22 and horizontal ribs 23, thereby preventing the vertical ribs 22 and horizontal ribs 23 from being displaced relative to each other during the casting process, and ensuring the structural stability of the casting template 2 when subjected to the lateral pressure of concrete.

[0077] To facilitate the installation and removal of the reinforcing component 4, in one embodiment of this application, the reinforcing component 4 includes reinforcing steel 41. For example... Figure 10 As shown, the reinforcing steel 41 is provided with a vertical groove 42 and a horizontal groove 43. The vertical groove 42 is adapted to the vertical rib 22, and the horizontal groove 43 is adapted to the horizontal rib 23.

[0078] In use, the vertical rib 22 is inserted into the vertical groove 42 of the reinforcing steel 41, and the horizontal rib 23 is inserted into the corresponding horizontal groove 43 of the reinforcing steel 41. The reinforcing steel 41 and the ribs (i.e., the horizontal ribs 23 and / or the vertical ribs 22) are then threaded together using bolts or other parts (not shown in the figure). Threading two metal components (i.e., the reinforcing steel 41 and the ribs) with bolts or other parts is a mature technology and will not be elaborated here. In this embodiment, the reinforcing steel 41, with its prefabricated vertical groove 42 and horizontal groove 43, can achieve precise fitting and engagement with the vertical ribs 22 and horizontal ribs 23 on the casting template 2. During construction, it is only necessary to insert the vertical ribs 22 into the corresponding vertical groove 42 and the horizontal ribs 23 into the corresponding horizontal groove 43. The reinforcing steel 41 can then be threaded together with the vertical ribs 22 and horizontal ribs 23 using bolts or other parts, thereby forming a rigid limiting constraint on the vertical ribs 22 and horizontal ribs 23. This structure effectively limits the relative displacement of the vertical ribs 22 and horizontal ribs 23 during the pouring process, compensates for the low mechanical strength at the junction of the vertical ribs 22 and horizontal ribs 23, and ensures the overall structural stability of the pouring template 2. At the same time, this snap-fit ​​threaded fixing method not only simplifies the installation and operation, but also allows for easy disassembly of the reinforcing steel 41 after pouring, enabling the reinforcing steel 41 to be reused.

[0079] In this embodiment, the adaptation of the vertical groove 42 and the vertical rib 22 means that the inner contour shape of the vertical groove 42 needs to be consistent with the outer contour shape of the vertical rib 22, and the width of the vertical groove 42 needs to match the thickness of the vertical rib 22. During use, the vertical rib 22 can be completely embedded inside the vertical groove 42, and after embedding, the inner wall of the vertical groove 42 can completely or partially fit with the outer wall of the vertical rib 22. This fit effectively restricts the displacement of the vertical rib 22, preventing irregular wobbling of the vertical rib 22 within the vertical groove 42 due to excessive clearance, and also preventing the vertical rib 22 from failing to embed smoothly into the vertical groove 42 due to excessive tightness. The adaptation of the transverse groove 43 and the transverse rib 23 follows the same principle and will not be elaborated further.

[0080] The embodiment of the casting frame proposed in this application achieves standardized and modular design of casting templates for irregular curved surfaces by designing the support plate as a flexible single-curved surface structure. The flattened dimensions of this structure are consistent with the planar units that can be arrayed to cover the unfolded area of ​​the target curved surface. This breaks through the limitations of traditional non-standard customization, enabling the casting templates to be universally interchangeable and reused across components and projects, fully leveraging the high turnover advantage of casting templates and reducing material consumption and manufacturing costs. Simultaneously, the curvature of the single-curved surface's arc-shaped edge adapts to the curve with the smallest curvature among the two perpendicular projection curves of the target curved surface. Relying on the elasticity of the support plate, only minor adjustments to the straight edge are needed to match the local curvature of the target curved surface, avoiding excessive bending of the support plate and plastic deformation, thus ensuring structural integrity and reusability. Furthermore, the standardized casting templates, after splicing, can cover the target curved surface without gaps or overlaps, ensuring the forming accuracy of the cast body's curved surface and preventing concrete leakage. The single-curved surface structure also enhances the lateral pressure resistance of the steel plate, increasing the stability of the casting construction.

[0081] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0082] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A casting template (2) for casting a target casting body (1), the target casting body (1) including a target curved surface (11), the target curved surface (11) being the curved surface of the target casting body (1) facing the casting template (2) during the casting process; characterized in that, The casting template (2) includes a support plate (21); the support plate (21) is a single-curved surface structure and has elasticity; the size of the area formed after the single-curved surface is flattened is the same as the size of the planar unit; the planar unit is a plane that meets the preset conditions, the preset conditions being that the array of multiple planar units can completely cover the target area; the target area is the area formed after the target curved surface (11) is unfolded and flattened; the curvature of the arc edge line of the single-curved surface is adapted to the curvature of the target curve; the target curve is the curve with the smallest curvature among the first curve (111) and the second curve (112); the first curve (111) is the arc curve formed by projecting the edge line of the target curved surface (11) along the first direction; the second curve (112) is the arc curve formed by projecting the edge line of the target curved surface (11) along the second direction; the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction, and both the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to the thickness direction of the target casting body (1).

2. The casting template (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The curvature of the curved edge line of the single-curved surface is equal to the average of the curvatures at various points in the target curve; or, the curvature of the curved edge line of the single-curved surface is equal to the average of the maximum and minimum curvatures in the target curve.

3. The casting template (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first length is greater than the second length; the first length is the length of the straight edge of the single curved surface; the second length is the arc length of the curved edge of the single curved surface; the ratio of the first length to the second length is greater than or equal to 3 and less than or equal to 5; the second length is greater than or equal to 400 mm and less than or equal to 600 mm.

4. The casting template (2) according to claim 3, characterized in that, The support plate (21) is also provided with a plurality of vertical ribs (22); each vertical rib (22) is arranged along a third direction, and each vertical rib (22) extends along a fourth direction; the third direction is parallel to the straight edge of the single curved surface, and the fourth direction is parallel to the first plane; the arc-shaped edge of the single curved surface is located in the first plane.

5. The casting template (2) according to claim 4, characterized in that, The support plate (21) is also provided with a plurality of transverse ribs (23); each transverse rib (23) is arranged along the fourth direction; each transverse rib (23) extends along the third direction, and each transverse rib (23) is broken at the junction of each vertical rib (22); the gap formed between the break of each transverse rib (23) and the corresponding vertical rib (22) is greater than or equal to 4 mm and less than or equal to 6 mm.

6. The casting template (2) according to claim 5, characterized in that, The casting template (2) is also provided with a splicing structure, which is used to splice multiple casting templates (2) into a whole piece; the splicing structure includes multiple through holes (24) on the horizontal ribs (23) and vertical ribs (22) on the edge of the support plate (21).

7. A design method for a casting template (2), applied to the casting of a target casting body (1), the target casting body (1) including a target curved surface (11), the target curved surface (11) being the curved surface of the target casting body (1) facing the casting template (2) during the casting process; the casting template (2) including a support plate (21); characterized in that, The design method includes: Based on the target surface (11), a first curve (111) and a second curve (112) are obtained; the first curve (111) is an arc curve formed by projecting the edge line of the target surface (11) along a first direction; the second curve (112) is an arc curve formed by projecting the edge line of the target surface (11) along a second direction; the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction; Based on the first curve (111) and the second curve (112), a target curve is obtained; the target curve is the curve with the smallest curvature among the first curve (111) and the second curve (112); Based on the target surface (11), obtain planar units that meet preset conditions; the preset conditions are that the array of multiple planar units can completely cover the target area; the target area is the area formed after the target surface (11) is unfolded and flattened. Based on the target curve and the planar unit, the support plate (21) is designed; the support plate (21) is a single curved surface structure; the size of the area formed after the single curved surface is flattened is the same as the size of the planar unit; the curvature of the arc edge line of the single curved surface is adapted to the curvature of the target curve.

8. A cast-in-place frame, characterized in that, It includes multiple casting templates and multiple tie rods (3); the casting template is the casting template (2) as described in any one of claims 1 to 6; or, the casting template is obtained by the design method as described in claim 7.

9. The casting frame according to claim 8, characterized in that, The pull screw (3) includes: Intermediate rod (31); Two external threaded rods (33), one of which is located at one end of the intermediate rod body (31), and the other is located at the other end of the intermediate rod body (31); Both first limiting blocks (32) are disposed on the intermediate rod (31); A second limiting block (34) corresponds one-to-one with the external thread rod (33); the second limiting block (34) is threadedly connected to the corresponding external thread rod (33).

10. The casting frame according to claim 8, characterized in that, The casting template is the casting template (2) of claim 5 or 6; the casting frame further includes a reinforcing component (4), which is disposed on the casting template (2) to limit the relative displacement of the vertical ribs (22) and horizontal ribs (23) in the casting template (2) during the casting process; the reinforcing component (4) includes a reinforcing steel (41), which is provided with a vertical groove (42) and a horizontal groove (43), the vertical groove (42) is adapted to the vertical rib (22), and the horizontal groove (43) is adapted to the horizontal rib (23).

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