Hydrogen storage device, hydrogen absorbing and desorbing system of solid magnesium and hydrogen absorbing and desorbing method

Abstract

The application provides a hydrogen storage device, and relates to the field of hydrogen absorption and release of solid magnesium. The application comprises a bottle body and a hydrogen pipe, wherein the hydrogen pipe is communicated with the bottle body, further comprising: a gall bladder body installed in the bottle body, a hollow interlayer in the side wall of the gall bladder body, the hydrogen pipe penetrating into the bottle body and the gall bladder body, and the penetration end of the hydrogen pipe being arranged close to the side wall of the gall bladder body; a cavity formed between the outer wall of the gall bladder body and the inner wall of the bottle body, and the cavity being communicated with the side wall of the gall bladder body. In the application, the gall bladder body with air heat transfer in the hollow interlayer can make the internal temperature relatively at a temperature, and the hydrogen absorption performance of the solid magnesium in the cavity is sacrificed to ensure the efficient and sufficient hydrogen absorption reaction, so that the hydrogen storage capacity of the whole hydrogen bottle is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solid magnesium hydrogen absorption and desorption technology, and in particular to a hydrogen storage device, a solid magnesium hydrogen absorption and desorption system, and a hydrogen absorption and desorption method. Background Technology

[0002] Solid-state hydrogen storage is an emerging technology that combines hydrogen with hydrogen storage materials through physical / chemical means. It has advantages such as high volumetric hydrogen storage density, strong safety, and low transportation cost. The principle of reversible reaction between magnesium (alloy) materials and hydrogen enables the storage and release of hydrogen. Solid-state hydrogen storage with solid magnesium blocks is safer and more efficient than high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and liquid hydrogen storage.

[0003] Magnesium hydrogenation reaction, under the same pressure, follows a peak-like pattern, with a maximum point; the hydrogenation rate does not necessarily increase with higher temperatures. Existing methods for preparing solid magnesium hydride mainly rely on high-temperature hydrogen gas for heat transfer, bringing the entire hydrogen storage tank to the reaction temperature at which hydrogen and solid magnesium can be hydrogenated. This method can fully utilize the overall thermal energy of the system in the early stages of the reaction, but in the later stages, as the reaction rate decreases, a large amount of heat is needed to maintain the temperature of the hydrogen storage tank, or high-power cooling is required to maintain the overall system at the optimal reaction temperature in order to improve the hydrogenation rate. This method results in energy waste.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a hydrogen storage device, a solid magnesium hydrogen absorption and desorption system, and a hydrogen absorption and desorption method that can improve hydrogen storage capacity and reduce energy consumption. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a hydrogen storage device, a solid magnesium hydrogen absorption and desorption system, and a hydrogen absorption and desorption method. This solves the problem in existing technologies where, after reaching the hydrogen-capable reaction temperature between hydrogen and solid magnesium in the entire storage device, the reaction rate decreases in the later stages, requiring a large amount of heat to maintain the storage device temperature, resulting in high energy consumption during the hydrogen storage process. The various technical effects of the preferred solutions provided by this invention are detailed below.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] The present invention provides a hydrogen storage device, comprising a bottle body and a hydrogen pipe, wherein the hydrogen pipe is connected to the bottle body, and further comprising: The inner chamber is installed inside the bottle. A hollow interlayer is provided inside the side wall of the inner chamber. The hydrogen tube passes through the bottle and the inner chamber, and the insertion end of the hydrogen tube is located close to the side wall of the inner chamber. The cavity is formed between the outer wall of the inner tube and the inner wall of the bottle body, and the cavity is in communication with the inner side wall of the inner tube.

[0008] Preferably, the gallbladder comprises: An outer liner, which is coaxially mounted inside the bottle; A limiting block is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer liner along the circumferential direction, and the limiting block is located in the hollow interlayer; The inner liner is located inside the outer liner and is in contact with the concentric side of a plurality of the limiting blocks. The outer liner and the inner liner are radially spaced to form the hollow interlayer. The inner liner is formed by rolling a perforated thin-walled plate in the circumferential direction. The first side of the inner liner overlaps the outside of the second side.

[0009] A solid magnesium block hydrogen absorption and desorption system, including the aforementioned hydrogen storage device; A reaction heating furnace unit, wherein the hydrogen storage device is installed on the reaction heating furnace unit; A gas path unit, which is connected to the hydrogen pipe on the hydrogen storage device; An electromagnetic induction heating control module is electrically connected to the reaction heating furnace unit.

[0010] Preferably, the reaction heating furnace unit includes: A heating furnace frame, wherein the hydrogen storage device is horizontally installed within the support frame of the heating furnace frame; A nano-insulation layer is sleeved on the outside of the support frame; An electromagnetic induction coil is wound around the outer wall of the nano-insulation layer and electrically connected to the electromagnetic induction heating control module.

[0011] Preferably, the reaction heating furnace unit further includes: A check valve, which is vertically slidably connected to the furnace frame and located at the end of the hydrogen storage tank away from the hydrogen pipe; An explosion-proof fan is installed on the air inlet side of the check valve; A cylinder, the two ends of which are hinged to the explosion-proof fan and the heating furnace frame.

[0012] Preferably, the gas path unit includes: Positive pressure explosion-proof control cabinet; The airway assembly and the airway support are provided. The airway assembly is mounted on the airway support and is connected to the male connector on the hydrogen tube via a quick-connect female connector. A pressure sensor and a solenoid valve are mounted on the air pipe assembly and are electrically connected to the positive pressure explosion-proof control cabinet, respectively.

[0013] Preferably, the electromagnetic induction heating control module includes: Cabinet; An electromagnetic induction heater is mounted on the cabinet and electrically connected to the electromagnetic induction coil.

[0014] A method for hydrogen absorption and desorption in solid magnesium, applied to the aforementioned solid magnesium hydrogen absorption and desorption system, includes the following steps: Step 1: When absorbing hydrogen, transfer the hydrogen storage container containing 80-90% solid magnesium to the support frame, evacuate the hydrogen storage container, and connect the hydrogen pipe to the gas pipe assembly to establish a gas path; or when releasing hydrogen, transfer the hydrogen storage container containing magnesium hydride to the support frame and connect it to the gas pipe assembly to establish a gas path. Step 2: Lift the check valve and explosion-proof fan using a cylinder and align them with the hydrogen storage device. Step 3: Start the electromagnetic induction heater, control the electromagnetic induction coil to heat the solid magnesium block in the hydrogen storage tank, open the solenoid valve, and the solid magnesium block begins to absorb hydrogen or the magnesium hydride begins to release hydrogen. Step 4: After hydrogen absorption or release is completed, close the solenoid valve and the electromagnetic induction heater, and lower the check valve and explosion-proof fan through the cylinder to transfer the hydrogen storage device out of the support frame.

[0015] Preferably, in step three, during hydrogen absorption, the outlet of the hydrogen pipe is located near the inner top sidewall of the hydrogen storage device, and a main core reaction zone, a secondary core reaction zone, and a rapid reaction zone are formed sequentially from top to bottom inside the hydrogen storage device, with the temperatures of the main core reaction zone, the secondary core reaction zone, and the rapid reaction zone decreasing sequentially.

[0016] Preferably, in step three, during hydrogen release, the hydrogen storage device is rotated 180 degrees along its axis relative to the hydrogen absorption state. The outlet of the hydrogen pipe is located close to the inner bottom sidewall of the hydrogen storage device. The temperatures of the main core reaction zone, the secondary core reaction zone, and the rapid reaction zone increase sequentially. The temperature change of the main core reaction zone from 300°C to 450°C corresponds to the hydrogen release process from 0% to 100%.

[0017] In the technical solution provided by this invention, a liner is set inside the bottle, and the interior of the liner is separated from the cavity. Solid magnesium blocks are filled in both the liner and the cavity. The primary function of the solid magnesium blocks in the liner is to ensure their hydrogen absorption capacity, while the solid magnesium blocks in the cavity serve as a heat transfer medium. In the initial heating stage, the solid magnesium blocks in the cavity mainly transfer temperature between the bottle and its interior. Since magnesium hydrogenation is an exothermic process, the solid magnesium blocks in the cavity themselves act as a heat source, shortening the time required to reach the initial reaction temperature. Because the heat released during magnesium hydrogenation is much higher than the calorific value from room temperature to the reaction temperature, and also higher than the heat transferred from the bottle wall inwards, the solid magnesium blocks in the cavity have a significant effect on raising the overall temperature of the bottle. In the middle and later stages of the reaction, the external heat source of the bottle is disconnected, and the overall temperature of the bottle is... The bottle body needs to release heat to accelerate the reaction. The temperature of the solid magnesium block inside the cavity drops below the required reaction temperature due to the need to cool the bottle wall. At this point, it does not participate in the overall hydrogen absorption reaction and therefore only serves as a heat transfer medium. Another function of the inner chamber is to directly and radially cut off the contact between the solid magnesium block inside the cavity and the solid magnesium block inside the inner chamber. In existing hydrogen storage tanks, when the solid magnesium block is in contact, the thermal conductivity is good, but the temperature of the solid magnesium block inside the hydrogen storage tank but located on the outer layer is easily lost, which is not conducive to its full reaction. However, in this application, the inner chamber, which uses air in the hollow interlayer for heat transfer, can keep the internal temperature relatively uniform and treat it as a whole. At this time, by sacrificing the hydrogen absorption performance of the solid magnesium block inside the cavity, the efficient and full hydrogen absorption reaction inside is ensured, thereby improving the overall hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen tank. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the transport unit of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall connection of the solid magnesium hydrogen absorption and desorption system of the present invention; Figure 3 This is an overall schematic diagram of the reaction heating furnace unit of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the electromagnetic induction coil, nano-insulation layer, and support frame of the present invention; Figure 5 This is an overall schematic diagram of the gas path unit of the present invention; Figure 6 This is an overall schematic diagram of the electromagnetic induction heating control module of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the hydrogen storage device of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of each reaction zone in this invention; Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the gallbladder body according to the present invention.

[0020] In the diagram: 1-Transportation unit; 101-AGV transport vehicle; 102-Hydrogen cylinder filling equipment; 2-Cylinder body; 3-Reaction heating furnace unit; 301-Heating furnace frame; 302-Electromagnetic induction coil; 303-Nano insulation layer; 304-Support frame; 305-Check valve; 306-Explosion-proof fan; 307-Quick-plug female connector; 308-Cylinder; 309-Valve plate; 4-Gas circuit unit; 401-Gas pipe assembly; 402-Gas circuit bracket; 403-Pressure sensor ; 404-Explosion-proof junction box; 405-Solenoid valve; 406-Positive pressure explosion-proof control cabinet; 5-Electromagnetic induction heating control module; 501-Cabinet body; 502-Electromagnetic induction heater; 6-Hydrogen pipe; 7-Temperature sensor; 8-Position sensor; 9-Inner chamber; 10-Porous gas pipe; 11-Rapid reaction zone; 12-Secondary core reaction zone; 13-Main core reaction zone; 14-Cavity; 15-Outer chamber; 16-Inner chamber; 17-Limiting block; 18-Hollow interlayer. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be described in detail below. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other implementation methods obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0022] refer to Figure 1-9 A specific embodiment of the present invention provides a hydrogen storage device, including a bottle body 2 and a hydrogen tube 6, the hydrogen tube 6 being connected to the bottle body 2, and also including a liner 9 and a cavity 14. The liner 9 is installed inside the bottle body 2, and a hollow interlayer is provided in the side wall of the liner 9. The hydrogen tube 6 passes through the bottle body 2 and the liner 9, and the insertion end of the hydrogen tube 6 is located close to the side wall of the liner 9. A cavity 14 is formed between the outer wall of the liner 9 and the inner wall of the bottle body 2, and the cavity 14 is connected to the side wall of the liner 9.

[0023] Magnesium hydrogenation reaction, under the same pressure, follows a peak-like pattern, with a maximum point; the hydrogenation rate does not necessarily increase with higher temperatures. Existing methods for preparing solid magnesium hydride mainly rely on high-temperature hydrogen gas for heat transfer, bringing the entire hydrogen storage tank to the reaction temperature at which hydrogen and solid magnesium can be hydrogenated. This method can fully utilize the overall thermal energy of the system in the early stages of the reaction, but in the later stages, as the reaction rate decreases, a large amount of heat is needed to maintain the temperature of the hydrogen storage tank, or high-power cooling is required to maintain the overall system at the optimal reaction temperature in order to improve the hydrogenation rate. This method results in energy waste. In this application, a liner 9 is installed inside the bottle body 2, and the interior of the liner 9 is separated from the cavity 14. Solid magnesium blocks are filled in both the liner 9 and the cavity 14. The liner 9 primarily serves to ensure the hydrogen absorption capacity of the solid magnesium blocks, while the cavity 14 acts as a heat transfer medium. In the initial heating stage, the solid magnesium blocks in the cavity 14 mainly transfer temperature between the bottle body 2 and its interior. Since magnesium hydrogenation is an exothermic process, the solid magnesium blocks in the cavity 14 themselves act as a heat source, shortening the time required to reach the initial reaction temperature. Because the heat released during magnesium hydrogenation is far greater than the calorific value from room temperature to the reaction temperature, and also greater than the heat transferred inward from the bottle wall of the bottle body 2, the solid magnesium blocks in the cavity 14 have a significant effect on raising the overall temperature of the bottle body 2. In the middle and later stages of the reaction, the external heat source of the bottle body 2 is disconnected. The overall bottle 2 needs to release heat to accelerate the reaction. The temperature of the solid magnesium block in the cavity 14 is lowered below the required reaction temperature because the bottle wall of the bottle 2 needs to be cooled. At this time, it does not participate in the overall hydrogen absorption reaction and therefore only serves as a heat transfer medium. Another function of the inner tube 9 is to directly and radially cut off the contact between the solid magnesium block in the cavity 14 and the solid magnesium block in the inner tube 9. In existing hydrogen storage devices, when the solid magnesium blocks are in contact, the thermal conductivity is good. However, the temperature of the solid magnesium blocks inside the hydrogen storage device but located on the outer layer is easily lost, which is not conducive to its full reaction. In this application, the inner tube 9, which uses air in the hollow interlayer for heat transfer, can keep the internal temperature relatively uniform. Considering it as a whole, the hydrogen absorption performance of the solid magnesium block in the cavity 14 is sacrificed to ensure the efficient and full hydrogen absorption reaction inside, thereby improving the hydrogen storage capacity of the overall bottle 2.

[0024] Meanwhile, the solid magnesium material in the chamber 9 is the same as that in the cavity 14, which can effectively reduce the generation of impurities, facilitate management, and prevent the formation of solid solutions between metals. Before the external heat source is cut off, the solid magnesium in the cavity 14 itself also has a certain hydrogen storage capacity, which can slightly increase the overall hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen cylinder. The purity of hydrogen absorbed by the solid magnesium inside the chamber 9 can be ensured by reducing the hydrogen absorption rate of the outer layer.

[0025] In existing hydrogen storage devices, the inner and outer parts are treated as a whole. Due to heat conduction and the flow of hydrogen ions, the purity of magnesium hydride inside gradually decreases from the inside to the outside due to temperature loss during the reaction. The purity of magnesium hydride on the outside is less than 30%, which is not conducive to the subsequent screening of high-purity magnesium hydride. In contrast, the purity of magnesium hydride inside the tank 9 in this application is basically consistent. Without increasing other energy consumption and structural requirements, the solid magnesium hydride produced per unit time, or the hydrogen storage capacity, is optimal.

[0026] It should be noted that although the internal structure of bottle 9 is a single unit with relatively consistent hydrogenation purity, the reaction proceeds sequentially, from the outside in. Simply put, the single-layer reaction time is 2-2.5 hours, with the additional 1.5-2 hours representing the inward progression of the reaction. The bottom of bottle 2 features a rounded structure to enhance pressure resistance.

[0027] Further optimization of the design: the inner chamber 9 includes an outer chamber 15, limiting blocks 17, and an inner chamber 16. The outer chamber 15 is coaxially installed inside the bottle body 2. Supports are provided at both ends inside the bottle body 2, allowing the outer chamber 15 to be coaxially installed inside the bottle body 2. Several limiting blocks 17 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer chamber 15 circumferentially. The limiting blocks 17 are located in the hollow interlayer 18, with the outer chamber 15 placed coaxially inside the bottle body 2. The inner chamber 16 is located inside the outer chamber 15 and is contacted on the concentric side of the limiting blocks 17. The outer chamber 15 and the inner chamber 16 are radially spaced to form the hollow interlayer 18. The inner chamber 16 is formed by circumferentially rolling a perforated thin-walled plate. The first side of the inner chamber 16 overlaps the outside of the second side. Several through holes (not marked in the figure) are opened on the side wall of the inner chamber 16 to facilitate the flow of hydrogen and to create a certain turbulence effect on the hydrogen.

[0028] The bottle body 2 is made of a material with good thermal conductivity and resistance to hydrogen embrittlement, preferably 316L stainless steel; the inner liner 16 may, but is not limited to, use a rolled 316L stainless steel perforated plate; (Reference) Figure 7 , 9 The inner chamber 9 is a double-layered hollow sandwich structure. The distance between the outer wall of the inner chamber 16 and the inner wall of the outer chamber 15 is 8-12mm (preferably 10mm). The diameter of the outer chamber 15 can be fixed, and the whole structure can be welded into a cylindrical shape. The inner chamber 16 is made of rolled 316L stainless steel to absorb the expansion volume during the hydrogenation of solid magnesium. The inner chamber 16 is rolled into a cylindrical structure with more than one turn, which itself has a certain amount of elasticity to absorb the expansion potential energy of solid magnesium. Initially, the solid magnesium particles in the inner chamber 16 occupy 80-90% of its total space to absorb the release of elastic potential energy brought about by the hydrogen absorption of compressed solid magnesium. After multiple hydrogen absorption and desorption, the solid magnesium and magnesium hydride in the inner chamber will fill the entire space. Several horizontally penetrating porous gas pipes 10 can be installed in the inner chamber 16 to accelerate the internal hydrogen flow in the early stage of the reaction.

[0029] This application also provides a solid magnesium hydrogen absorption and desorption system, including the aforementioned hydrogen storage device, reaction heating furnace unit 3, and gas path unit 4. The hydrogen storage device is installed on the reaction heating furnace unit 3; the gas path unit 4 is connected to the hydrogen pipe 6 on the hydrogen storage device; and an electromagnetic induction heating control module 5 is electrically connected to the reaction heating furnace unit 3.

[0030] Solid-state hydrogen storage is an emerging technology that combines hydrogen with storage materials through physical / chemical methods. It offers advantages such as high volumetric hydrogen storage density, strong safety, and low transportation costs. Magnesium (alloy) materials undergo a reversible reaction with hydrogen, enabling the storage and release of hydrogen. Solid-state hydrogen storage using bulk magnesium is safer and more efficient than high-pressure gaseous or liquid hydrogen storage. However, the hydrogen absorption and release reactions of bulk magnesium involve the release (absorption) or absorption (release) of significant amounts of heat. This requires substantial heat to maintain the temperature of the hydrogen storage device, or high-power cooling to keep the overall system at the optimal reaction temperature to improve hydrogenation efficiency. This approach leads to energy waste. Figure 2 In this application, the main functions of the gas path unit 4 are: 1. During hydrogen absorption, controlling the high-pressure hydrogen gas to be transported through the gas path unit 4 to the hydrogen pipe 6 and the hydrogen storage tank; 2. During hydrogen release, controlling the hydrogen gas released from the hydrogen storage tank to be transported through the hydrogen pipe 6 and the gas path unit 4 to the fuel cell system or other hydrogen-using equipment; The main functions of the reaction heating furnace unit 3 are: 1. During hydrogen absorption, providing heat to the solid magnesium block in the hydrogen storage tank to reach the reaction temperature with hydrogen; 2. During hydrogen release, providing heat to the solid magnesium hydride in the hydrogen storage tank to gradually release hydrogen. The electromagnetic induction heating control module 5 mainly provides electrical energy to the reaction heating furnace unit 3, and converts electrical energy into heat energy through the reaction heating furnace unit 3. By using a hydrogen storage tank with a tank body 9, the solid magnesium block in the bottle body 2 is divided into two areas. During the hydrogen absorption process, when the reaction temperature is reached, the electromagnetic induction heating control module 5 can be stopped from supplying power to the reaction heating furnace unit 3, and the reaction can proceed automatically through the released heat, reducing energy consumption and improving the purity of the magnesium hydride in the tank body 9.

[0031] Further optimization of the scheme: the reaction heating furnace unit 3 includes a heating furnace frame 301, a nano-insulation layer 303 and an electromagnetic induction coil 302. The hydrogen storage device is horizontally installed inside the support frame 304 of the heating furnace frame 301. The nano-insulation layer 303 is sleeved (or covered) on the outside of the support frame 304. The electromagnetic induction coil 302 is wound around the outer wall of the nano-insulation layer 303 and is electrically connected to the electromagnetic induction heating control module 5.

[0032] refer to Figure 3-4Several hydrogen storage devices can be installed on the heating furnace frame 301, allowing multiple devices to operate simultaneously. The electromagnetic induction heating control module 5 generates a magnetic field when the electromagnetic induction coil 302 is energized, heating the bottle 2 to 250-550°C. A temperature sensor 7 is installed on the outer wall of the bottle 2 to monitor the temperature inside the bottle 2 (or the temperature of a solid block near the side wall of the bottle 2). The temperature sensor 7 is electrically connected to the electromagnetic induction heating control module 5, and the temperature is stabilized by the temperature control module on the electromagnetic induction heating control module 5. A nano-insulation layer 303 reduces heat loss. The bottle 2 slides into and fits within the support frame 304, allowing for flexible assembly and disassembly. The support frame 304 primarily supports the nano-insulation layer 303 and the electromagnetic induction coil 302. The nano-insulation layer 303 consists of an alumina fiber layer and an aerogel felt layer from the inside out. The alumina fiber layer is heat-resistant and has high strength, serving as structural support; the aerogel felt layer utilizes its extremely low thermal conductivity (as low as 0.018 W / (m²) at room temperature). K) effectively prevents heat loss and achieves efficient heat preservation.

[0033] Further optimization of the scheme: the reaction heating furnace unit 3 also includes a check valve 305, an explosion-proof fan 306, and a cylinder 308. The check valve 305 is vertically slidably connected to the heating furnace frame 301 and is located at the end of the hydrogen storage tank away from the hydrogen pipe 6. The explosion-proof fan 306 is installed on the air inlet side of the check valve 305. The two ends of the cylinder 308 are hinged to the explosion-proof fan 306 and the heating furnace frame 301.

[0034] refer to Figure 3 , 7 8. The explosion-proof fan 306 is used to cool the bottle 2 during the peak and end of the reaction. A ventilation duct is installed on the outside of the bottle 2. The explosion-proof fan 306 blows air into the ventilation duct. The valve plate 309 inside the check valve 305 is positioned high up. The valve plate 309 is hinged to the center of the check valve 305 and kept closed by a torsion spring. When the explosion-proof fan 306 is started, the valve plate 309 is pushed open by the air (the valve plate 309 rotates around the center of the check valve 305), and the upper part of the check valve 305 is opened. That is, the ventilation duct is located at the upper end of the bottle 2 (e.g., Figure 7 , 8 As shown), Figure 8As shown, the arrow on the upper side of the end closer to the bottle 2 and furthest from the hydrogen pipe 6 indicates the direction of airflow from the explosion-proof fan 306; the check valve 305 prevents the refrigerant air from flowing in the opposite direction; the main function of the cylinder 308 is to raise and lower the check valve 305 and the explosion-proof fan 306. Before the bottle 2 is installed into the support frame 304, the check valve 305 and the explosion-proof fan 306 are horizontally positioned below the support frame 304. After the bottle 2 is installed into the support frame 304, the cylinder 308 raises and drives the check valve 305 and the explosion-proof fan 306 to block the inlet of the support frame 304. The hydrogen pipe 6 and the explosion-proof fan 306 are located at opposite ends of the bottle 2. The air outlet direction of the hydrogen pipe 6 and the air outlet direction of the explosion-proof fan 306 are shown in the reference diagram. Figure 8 Since the cooling air blown by the explosion-proof fan 306 acts on the bottle 2, its efficiency decreases from left to right as it heats up. Therefore, room-temperature hydrogen is supplied through the hydrogen pipe 6 on the right side to balance the temperatures of the left and right bottles, ensuring that the cooling capacity is as consistent as possible and guaranteeing a balanced reaction in the overall bottle 2. Because the cooling effect of hydrogen is passive, while the cooling effect of the explosion-proof fan 306 is active, the system needs to regulate the speed and on / off time of the explosion-proof fan 306 to maintain consistent bottle temperatures.

[0035] The scheme is further optimized. The gas circuit unit 4 includes a positive pressure explosion-proof control cabinet 406, a gas pipe assembly 401 and a gas circuit support 402, a pressure sensor 403 and a solenoid valve 405. The gas pipe assembly 401 is installed on the gas circuit support 402 and is connected to the male connector on the hydrogen pipe 6 through a quick-connect female connector 307. The pressure sensor 403 and the solenoid valve 405 are installed on the gas pipe assembly 401. The pressure sensor 403 is installed inside the cylinder 2. All pressure sensors 403 and solenoid valves 405 are electrically connected to the positive pressure explosion-proof control cabinet 406.

[0036] refer to Figure 5 The system uses pressure sensor 403 to monitor the pressure inside the cylinder 2 and the gas pipeline assembly 401 in real time. Solenoid valve 405 regulates the hydrogen flow rate and is used to eliminate potential high pressures caused by sudden system emergencies, protecting system safety. Positive pressure explosion-proof control cabinet 406 is electrically connected to electromagnetic induction heating control module 5, pressure sensor 403, and solenoid valve 405, and is used to achieve dual closed-loop control of the internal temperature and pressure of cylinder 2 by adjusting the power of the electric heating according to preset temperature and pressure parameters. An explosion-proof junction box 404 is installed on the gas path bracket 402 to connect the positive pressure explosion-proof control cabinet 406 to all pressure sensors 403 and solenoid valves 405. The number of pressure sensors 403 and solenoid valves 405 is not limited.

[0037] Further optimization of the scheme: the electromagnetic induction heating control module 5 includes a cabinet 501 and an electromagnetic induction heater 502. The electromagnetic induction heater 502 is installed on the cabinet 501 and is electrically connected to the electromagnetic induction coil 302 and the explosion-proof fan 306.

[0038] refer to Figure 6 The cabinet 501 and the electromagnetic induction heater 502 are used to precisely control the heating process, achieving a rapid and efficient hydrogen absorption and desorption reaction. After the hydrogen absorption and desorption are completed, heating stops, the solenoid valve 405 closes, and the explosion-proof fan 306 cools down the hydrogen storage tank before unloading. The electromagnetic induction heater 502 operates at a medium-high frequency, preferably 10kHz-100kHz, to achieve rapid and uniform heating of solid magnesium hydride.

[0039] This application also includes a handling unit 1, which comprises an AGV handling vehicle 101 and a hydrogen cylinder filling device 102. The handling unit 1 is used for handling, filling, and unloading cylinders 2, improving efficiency, and transporting cylinders 2 to the filling port of the support frame 304. The handling unit 1 can be a forklift-type AGV with pushing and retrieving functions, such as the Hikvision KB-F3-1500C, with a load ≤1500kg, a power system of lithium batteries, a rated operating range of 8 hours, self-charging, and a maximum full charge time of 1.5 hours; a maximum operating speed of 1.2m / s; and a navigation system of positioning navigation system and SLAM laser navigation.

[0040] This application also provides a method for hydrogen absorption and desorption in solid magnesium, which utilizes the above-mentioned solid magnesium hydrogen absorption and desorption system and includes the following steps: Step 1: When absorbing hydrogen, transfer the hydrogen storage device containing 80-90% solid magnesium to the support frame 304, evacuate the hydrogen storage device, and connect the hydrogen pipe 6 to the gas pipe assembly 401 to establish a gas path. High-pressure hydrogen is then delivered to the hydrogen pipe 6 and the hydrogen storage device through the gas pipe assembly 401. Alternatively, when releasing hydrogen, transfer the hydrogen storage device containing magnesium hydride to the support frame 304 and connect it to the gas pipe assembly 401 to establish a gas path. The released hydrogen is then delivered to the fuel cell system or other hydrogen-using equipment. Step 2: Lift the check valve 305 and the explosion-proof fan 306 using cylinder 308, and set them in accordance with the hydrogen storage tank; Step 3: Start the electromagnetic induction heater 502, control the electromagnetic induction coil 302 to heat the solid magnesium block in the hydrogen storage tank, open the solenoid valve 405, and the solid magnesium block begins to absorb hydrogen or the magnesium hydride begins to release hydrogen. Step 4: After hydrogen absorption or release is completed, close the solenoid valve 405 and the electromagnetic induction heater 502, and lower the check valve 305 and the explosion-proof fan 306 through the cylinder 308 to transfer the hydrogen storage device out of the support frame 304.

[0041] It should be noted that the production process of solid magnesium blocks is as follows: Magnesium ingots are installed on a CNC 4-axis drilling and milling machine (XZY-SK640 model). The crushing blades of the CNC 4-axis drilling and milling machine continuously crush the magnesium ingots along their length or width, resulting in curled magnesium particles (weighing approximately 1 ± 0.3 mg). The crushed magnesium particles are collected and transported by conveyor belt to the feeding hopper of a pressing device (such as a 250T fully automatic servo hydraulic press, model YST250T). The pressing device then completes the pressing process: powder filling → material distribution → compaction → venting → pressing down → sheeting → repeating... The pressing device compresses the magnesium particles into solid magnesium blocks. The compressed solid magnesium blocks are then conveyed... The solid magnesium blocks are conveyed to an online weight detection device (detecting weight 4-7g). Unqualified blocks are automatically rejected. Qualified solid magnesium blocks are then orderly transferred to cylinder 2 via conveyor belt until the hydrogen storage tank is filled with 80-90% solid magnesium (the amount of solid magnesium is detected by an SB weighing module, which is a sensor application structure that integrates a high-precision shear beam load cell, load transfer device, and mounting plate, with main models covering the range from SB-0.3t to SB-25t). Once cylinder 2 has reached the required solid magnesium content, it is replaced with the next cylinder 2 (this can be done manually or automatically by a robotic arm). Different types of solid magnesium blocks can be pressed out using a pressing device.

[0042] Among these features, online weight detection via weight sorting machines (models such as CW-600G and CW-1.2K / 6K) enables high-speed, high-precision weight detection and automatic sorting of excessively light or heavy products in dynamic production line conditions. This significantly improves product quality, optimizes production processes, controls costs, eliminates waste, and increases profits. It can be used to inspect all products on the production line and comprehensively displays production data such as production quantity, batch tracking, total weight, effective weight, and rejected weight.

[0043] During the hydrogen absorption reaction: the bottle 2 containing solid magnesium blocks is evacuated to remove the air and create a vacuum environment; the bottle 2 is transported to the side of the heating furnace frame 301 by the AGV transport vehicle 101; the bottle 2 is lifted and pushed by the hydrogen bottle filling equipment 102 and accurately placed into the support frame 304; several temperature sensors 7 are installed on the side wall of the bottle 2; the male connector on the hydrogen pipe 6 is connected to the quick-connect female connector 307 (at this time, the position sensor 8 on the heating furnace frame 301 detects the bottle 2 and checks whether the bottle 2 is in place); after the bottle 2 is installed in place, the gas path is established, and the connection and operation status of the gas path unit 4 are checked.

[0044] Heating and temperature control begin with the electromagnetic induction heater 502 activating. The control system adjusts the heating power based on the signal from temperature sensor 7, gradually increasing and stabilizing the temperature inside the solid magnesium cylinder at 470℃ (±20℃). The cylinder 2 (placed horizontally) employs a heat distribution pattern of high at both ends, low in the middle, high at the bottom, and low at the top. The external heat source temperature is controlled by measuring the wall temperatures at both ends of cylinder 2. This heat distribution pattern better suits the reaction of the layered solid magnesium particles. Furthermore, by setting the highest temperature point on the outer wall for temperature detection, the temperature is ensured to remain within a safe range, and the number of external temperature sensors 7 can be reduced. As the temperature of the cylinder 2 wall rises, heat transfer begins to the solid magnesium inside, heating it to the temperature required for hydrogen absorption. At this point, high-pressure hydrogen is introduced through the gas assembly 401, and the hydrogen begins to react chemically with the solid magnesium, forming hydrides to achieve hydrogen storage. The gas pipeline assembly 401 uses a pressure sensor 403 and a solenoid valve 405 to control the internal pressure of the cylinder 2 in real time. When the pressure sensor 403 detects a decrease in the internal pressure of the cylinder 2, the solenoid valve 405 opens, allowing the relatively high-pressure hydrogen gas to enter the corresponding branch pipeline from the main pipeline. Each cylinder 2 has an independent branch pipeline, which is independently controlled. When the internal pressure of the cylinder 2 rises to the hydrogen release threshold, the solenoid valve on the main hydrogen release pipe of the cylinder 2 opens, reducing the internal pressure of the cylinder 2 and ensuring that the internal pressure of the cylinder 2 is within the specified range. Simultaneously, when the electromagnetic induction heater 502 starts heating, the temperature detection mechanism in the cabinet 501 transmits the temperature of the cylinder 2 in real time. When the temperature of the cylinder 2 reaches the set threshold, the electromagnetic induction heater 502 stops heating; when the temperature of the cylinder 2 falls below the set threshold, the electromagnetic induction heater 502 starts heating again, ensuring that the cylinder 2 is always maintained within the set temperature threshold. When the temperature of bottle 2 continues to rise and exceeds the set threshold, the explosion-proof fan 306 at the front end starts to dissipate heat urgently. When the temperature returns to the safe threshold range, the explosion-proof fan 306 will stop working. The nano-insulation layer 303 prevents the heat of bottle 2 from being dissipated to the outside, improving energy utilization and reducing the external ambient temperature.

[0045] Bottle 2 can achieve a hydrogen absorption and desorption capacity of 4+2H under relatively safe conditions, which has the advantages of low cost and high efficiency compared with traditional pure magnesium-based hydrogen absorption and desorption systems.

[0046] During the hydrogen release process, the above-mentioned process of installing the hydrogen storage device is repeated, and the hydrogen storage device containing magnesium hydride is installed into the support frame 304; relative to the installation angle of the hydrogen storage device during the hydrogen absorption process, the hydrogen storage device containing magnesium hydride is rotated 180 degrees along the axis, at which time the outlet of the hydrogen pipe 6 is set close to the inner bottom side wall of the hydrogen storage device; the electromagnetic induction heater 502 is started, and the control system adjusts the heating power according to the signal fed back by the temperature sensor 7, forming a main core reaction zone 13, a secondary core reaction zone 12, and a rapid reaction zone 11 in the bottle body 2. The temperature of the main core reaction zone 13, the secondary core reaction zone 12, and the rapid reaction zone 11 increases sequentially. The temperature change of the main core reaction zone 13 from 300℃ to 450℃ corresponds to the hydrogen release process from 0% to 100%. Magnesium hydride begins to pyrolyze, producing hydrogen gas, which causes the pressure inside the cylinder 2 to rise. When the pressure sensor detects that the pressure reaches 1 bar, the control system controls the solenoid valve on the main hydrogen release pipe of the cylinder 2 to open, releasing hydrogen gas to external hydrogen-using equipment or storage devices, while maintaining the pressure inside the cylinder 2 at 1 bar. Stop and cooling: After the solid magnesium hydride has finished releasing hydrogen or after receiving a stop command, the electromagnetic induction heating control module 5 is turned off. After the solid hydrogen cylinder cools to the set temperature, the check valve 305 and the explosion-proof fan 306 are lowered by the cylinder 308, and the cylinder 2 is removed by the hydrogen cylinder filling device 102.

[0047] In this application, the cylinder 2 is not shut off immediately like a traditional hydrogen cylinder because of residual heat, which delays the reaction's termination time. During hydrogen absorption, cutting off the hydrogen source quickly stops the reaction without safety concerns; manual operation is possible once the temperature drops below a safe level. However, releasing hydrogen requires cutting off heating and using residual hydrogen to raise the pressure inside the chamber to above 3 MPa, followed by intermittent hydrogen release down to 2 MPa to rapidly stop the reaction.

[0048] Further optimizing the scheme, in step three, during hydrogen absorption, the outlet of hydrogen pipe 6 is located close to the inner top side wall of the hydrogen storage device. Inside the hydrogen storage device, from top to bottom, a main core reaction zone 13, a secondary core reaction zone 12, and a rapid reaction zone 11 are formed sequentially. The reaction temperatures of the main core reaction zone 13, the secondary core reaction zone 12, and the rapid reaction zone 11 decrease sequentially, with only slight differences, such as 1-10℃.

[0049] The temperature balance on both sides of the bottle 2 is determined by the area of ​​the largest heat source. Temperature sensors 7 can be placed on either side of the largest heat source. By maintaining a relatively consistent temperature between the two sensors 7, overall temperature controllability can be achieved. Furthermore, since this is the largest heat source, and the magnesium hydrogenation reaction, without strong external cooling interference, has a constant temperature at a given pressure (i.e., the critical temperature for magnesium to absorb and release hydrogen at the current pressure), this constant value can be used to determine the reaction state. When this temperature shows a downward trend, it indicates insufficient reaction pressure inside bottle 2, the reaction is nearing completion, or the cooling effect exceeds its self-heating capacity, thus requiring external intervention to determine start / stop. When this temperature shows an upward trend, it can help determine issues such as increased pressure inside bottle 2, high pipeline gas resistance, or pressure sensor failure, adding safety judgment logic and improving system safety performance. Additionally, when the system needs to be temporarily stopped, this temperature is used to determine the progress of the temporary stop and the time for human intervention (below the safe temperature). The single-layer reaction time is 2-2.5 hours, with the extra 1.5-2 hours being the inward progression process of the reaction.

[0050] Further optimize the scheme. In step three, when releasing hydrogen, the hydrogen storage device is rotated 180 degrees along the axis relative to the hydrogen absorption state. The outlet of the hydrogen pipe 6 is set close to the inner bottom side wall of the hydrogen storage device. The heating temperature of the main core reaction zone 13, the secondary core reaction zone 12, and the rapid reaction zone 11 increases sequentially. The temperature change of the main core reaction zone 13 from 300℃ to 450℃ corresponds to the hydrogen release process from 0% to 100%.

[0051] The solid magnesium hydride bottle 2 releases hydrogen in much the same way as a traditional magnesium hydride hydrogen bottle, releasing hydrogen relatively stably at the high temperature of the bottle wall. Since the hydrogen release reaction is endothermic, the amount of heat introduced will correspond to the amount of hydrogen released. The inner chamber 9 helps to maintain a relatively uniform internal temperature, facilitating the temperature sensor 7's detection.

[0052] Overall, the solid magnesium hydride manufacturing equipment described in this application reduces the problem of high power consumption required in traditional magnesium hydride manufacturing, effectively utilizes energy, reduces heat loss, and controls stability; on the other hand, it greatly reduces the temperature during the traditional magnesium hydride reaction, keeping the overall temperature below the hydrogen ignition point, improving the safety of hydrogen use and the safety of magnesium hydride production. This device employs a dual-purpose design, enabling stable production of solid magnesium hydride and stable release of hydrogen from it. Specifically, it can collect hydrogen from areas with high hydrogen waste and transport it safely at low pressure to regions with high hydrogen demand for release. Alternatively, the heating frame along with the solid magnesium hydride can be removed for separate transport, reducing hydrogen transportation costs and improving the convenience of hydrogen use.

[0053] Through the unique solid magnesium particle layout of the bottle body 2, the optimized design of the bottle body 2 structure, and the full and effective utilization of thermal energy, the absorption, release, storage and transportation capabilities of hydrogen are achieved with low energy consumption, short time, low cost and high efficiency.

[0054]

[0055] The data in the table above mainly compares the hydrogen absorption reaction of layered magnesium hydride particles in the hydrogen cylinder in the same direction. From the perspective of reducing energy consumption and improving efficiency, although there is a situation where a small portion of the hydrogenation capacity of solid magnesium is sacrificed, the proportion of magnesium hydride with a hydrogenation rate of over 98% in this application is still relatively high, corresponding to the best overall hydrogen storage capacity.

[0056] It should be noted that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., used herein to indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the equipment or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on this application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0057] In this description, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0058] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A hydrogen storage device, comprising a bottle body (2) and a hydrogen pipe (6), the hydrogen pipe (6) being connected to the bottle body (2), characterized in that, Also includes: The inner chamber (9) is installed inside the bottle body (2). A hollow interlayer (18) is provided in the side wall of the inner chamber (9). The hydrogen tube (6) passes through the bottle body (2) and the inner chamber (9). The insertion end of the hydrogen tube (6) is located near the side wall of the inner chamber (9). The inner chamber (9) is open at one end near the hydrogen tube (6). Cavity (14), the cavity (14) is formed between the outer wall of the inner wall of the inner wall of the bottle (9) and the inner wall of the bottle (2), and the cavity (14) is connected to the hollow interlayer (18); The gallbladder (9) includes: The outer tube (15) is coaxially installed inside the bottle body (2); Limiting blocks (17): Several limiting blocks (17) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer tube (15) along the circumferential direction. The limiting blocks (17) are located in the hollow interlayer (18). The inner liner (16) is located inside the outer liner (15) and is contacted on the radial side of a plurality of limiting blocks (17). The outer liner (15) and the inner liner (16) are radially spaced to form the hollow interlayer (18). The inner liner (16) is formed by rolling a perforated thin-walled plate in the circumferential direction. The first side of the inner liner (16) overlaps the outside of the second side. The distance between the outer wall of the inner tube (16) and the inner wall of the outer tube (15) is 8-12mm. The diameter of the outer tube (15) is fixed and the whole is welded into a cylindrical shape. The inner tube (16) is made of rolled 316L stainless steel to absorb the volume expansion during the hydrogenation of solid magnesium. The inner tube (16) is rolled into a cylindrical structure with more than one turn, which has a certain amount of elastic absorption of the expansion potential energy of solid magnesium. The solid magnesium particles in the inner tube (16) initially fill 80-90% of its total space to absorb the release of elastic potential energy brought about by the hydrogen absorption of compressed solid magnesium.

2. A solid magnesium block hydrogen absorption and desorption system, characterized in that, Includes the hydrogen storage device as described in claim 1; The reaction heating furnace unit (3) is equipped with the hydrogen storage device. Gas passage unit (4), which is connected to the hydrogen pipe (6) on the hydrogen storage device; Electromagnetic induction heating control module (5), which is electrically connected to the reaction heating furnace unit (3).

3. The solid magnesium hydrogen absorption and desorption system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The reaction heating furnace unit (3) includes: A heating furnace frame (301) is provided, and the hydrogen storage device is horizontally installed in the support frame (304) of the heating furnace frame (301). A nano-insulation layer (303) is sleeved on the outside of the support frame (304); An electromagnetic induction coil (302) is wound around the outer wall of the nano-insulation layer (303) and is electrically connected to the electromagnetic induction heating control module (5).

4. The solid magnesium hydrogen absorption and desorption system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The reaction heating furnace unit (3) also includes: Check valve (305), which is vertically slidably connected to the furnace frame (301) and located at the end of the hydrogen storage tank away from the hydrogen pipe (6); An explosion-proof fan (306) is installed on the air inlet side of the check valve (305); The cylinder (308) is hinged at both ends to the explosion-proof fan (306) and the heating furnace frame (301).

5. The solid magnesium hydrogen absorption and desorption system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The gas path unit (4) includes: Positive pressure explosion-proof control cabinet (406); The air tube assembly (401) and the air circuit support (402) are mounted on the air circuit support (402) and are connected to the male connector on the hydrogen tube (6) via a quick-connect female connector (307). A pressure sensor (403) and a solenoid valve (405) are mounted on the air pipe assembly (401) and are electrically connected to the positive pressure explosion-proof control cabinet (406).

6. The solid magnesium hydrogen absorption and desorption system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The electromagnetic induction heating control module (5) includes: Cabinet (501); An electromagnetic induction heater (502) is mounted on the cabinet (501) and electrically connected to the electromagnetic induction coil (302).

7. A method for hydrogen absorption and desorption in solid magnesium blocks, characterized in that, The application of the solid magnesium hydrogen absorption and desorption system described in claim 6 includes the following steps: Step 1: When absorbing hydrogen, transfer the hydrogen storage device containing 80-90% solid magnesium to the support frame (304), evacuate the hydrogen storage device, and connect the hydrogen pipe (6) to the gas pipe assembly (401) to establish a gas path; or when releasing hydrogen, transfer the hydrogen storage device containing magnesium hydride to the support frame (304) and connect it to the gas pipe assembly (401) to establish a gas path. Step 2: The check valve (305) and the explosion-proof fan (306) are raised by the cylinder (308) and are set up in accordance with the hydrogen storage device; Step 3: Start the electromagnetic induction heater (502), control the electromagnetic induction coil (302) to heat the solid magnesium block in the hydrogen storage tank, open the solenoid valve (405), and the solid magnesium block begins to absorb hydrogen or the magnesium hydride begins to release hydrogen. Step 4: After completing hydrogen absorption or release, close the solenoid valve (405) and the electromagnetic induction heater (502), and lower the check valve (305) and the explosion-proof fan (306) through the cylinder (308) to transfer the hydrogen storage device out of the support frame (304).

8. The method for hydrogen absorption and desorption in solid magnesium blocks according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step three, during hydrogen absorption, the outlet of the hydrogen pipe (6) is located close to the inner top side wall of the hydrogen storage device. The main core reaction zone (13), the secondary core reaction zone (12), and the rapid reaction zone (11) are formed sequentially from top to bottom inside the hydrogen storage device. The temperatures of the main core reaction zone (13), the secondary core reaction zone (12), and the rapid reaction zone (11) decrease sequentially.

9. The method for hydrogen absorption and desorption in solid magnesium blocks according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step three, during hydrogen release, the hydrogen storage device is rotated 180 degrees along the axis relative to the hydrogen absorption state. The outlet of the hydrogen pipe (6) is located close to the inner bottom side wall of the hydrogen storage device. The temperatures of the main core reaction zone (13), the secondary core reaction zone (12), and the rapid reaction zone (11) increase sequentially. The temperature change of the main core reaction zone (13) from 300°C to 450°C corresponds to the hydrogen release process from 0% to 100%.

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