Battery equalization system and battery equalization method, storage medium and electronic device

Abstract

The application discloses a battery equalization system and method, a storage medium and an electronic device, and relates to the technical field of a battery equalization system, and comprises a data acquisition module and a control module; the data acquisition module is in communication connection with the control module; by acquiring the parameters of different battery cells, the health state parameters of each battery cell are determined according to the parameters of each battery cell, and then the state of each battery cell is determined based on the state interval to which the health state parameters of each battery cell belong; then, the target equalization parameters are determined according to the state of the battery cell, so that the battery cells that meet the equalization condition are determined by the target equalization parameters, and then the equalization processing is performed on the battery cells. In this way, the target equalization parameters suitable for the state of each battery cell can be calculated, and the target equalization parameters are used to replace the fixed threshold to determine whether to perform equalization, thereby avoiding the problem of high false equalization rate caused by equalization judgment only through the fixed threshold, and effectively improving the accuracy of battery equalization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of battery balancing systems, and more specifically, to a battery balancing system and battery balancing method, storage medium and electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of new energy storage systems, electric vehicles and distributed energy applications, ensuring battery performance has become a hot research topic.

[0003] As a core component ensuring battery safety and optimizing performance, the quality of the battery balancing system's balancing control strategy directly impacts the overall battery performance. Current battery balancing systems generally employ a balancing strategy based on the voltage difference between individual cells. Specifically, balancing is initiated when the voltage difference between any two cells exceeds a fixed threshold. However, this fixed threshold approach is prone to ineffective balancing of healthy cells and over-balancing of aged and deteriorated cells, resulting in low accuracy in battery balancing and severely affecting battery performance.

[0004] There is no effective solution to the technical problem that battery balancing systems in related technologies are prone to ineffective balancing of healthy cells and over-balancing of aged and deteriorated cells during battery balancing, resulting in low accuracy of battery balancing. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a battery balancing system, battery balancing method, storage medium, and electronic device to at least solve the technical problems in the related art, which easily lead to ineffective balancing of healthy battery cells and over-balancing of aged and deteriorated battery cells, resulting in low accuracy of battery balancing.

[0006] According to one embodiment of this application, a battery balancing system is provided, including a data acquisition module and a control module; the data acquisition module is communicatively connected to the control module; the data acquisition module is used to acquire cell parameters of different battery cells; the control module is used to, for each of the different battery cells, determine the health status parameters of each battery cell based on the cell parameters of each battery cell, and determine the cell state of each battery cell based on the state range to which the health status parameters of each battery cell belong; the cell state includes one of the following: healthy state, degraded state, and deteriorated state; determine the target balancing parameters matching each battery cell based on the cell state of each battery cell; wherein, the target balancing parameters are used to determine whether the battery cell is suitable for battery balancing; and determine the battery cells to be balanced that meet the preset balancing conditions from the different battery cells according to the target balancing parameters of the different battery cells, and perform balancing processing on the battery cells to be balanced.

[0007] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a battery balancing method is also provided, comprising: collecting cell parameters of different battery cells; for each of the different battery cells, determining a health state parameter of each battery cell based on the cell parameters of each battery cell, and determining a cell state of each battery cell based on the state interval to which the health state parameter of each battery cell belongs; the cell state includes one of the following: healthy state, degraded state, and deteriorated state; determining a target balancing parameter matching each battery cell based on the cell state of each battery cell; wherein the target balancing parameter is used to determine whether the battery cell is suitable for battery balancing; and determining, based on the target balancing parameters of the different battery cells, a battery cell to be balanced that meets a preset balancing condition from the different battery cells, and performing balancing processing on the battery cell to be balanced.

[0008] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided, wherein a computer program is stored in the computer program, and the computer program is configured to execute the above-described battery balancing method when it is run.

[0009] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, an electronic device is also provided, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the battery balancing method described above through the computer program.

[0010] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a computer program product is also provided, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described battery balancing method.

[0011] In this embodiment, cell parameters of different cells are collected. For each cell, a health status parameter is determined based on the cell parameters. Then, the cell state of each cell can be determined based on the state range to which the health status parameter belongs. The cell state includes one of the following: healthy state, degraded state, and deteriorated state. Then, a target equalization parameter is determined based on the cell state. The target equalization parameter is used to identify cells that meet the equalization conditions from different cells, and then equalization processing is performed on the cells to be equalized. That is, for each cell, a target equalization parameter adapted to the cell state of each cell can be dynamically calculated and output. In this way, using the target equalization parameter instead of a fixed threshold to determine whether to perform equalization processing avoids the problem of high false equalization rate caused by using only a fixed threshold for equalization judgment, and effectively improves the accuracy of battery equalization. Attached Figure Description

[0012] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0013] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0014] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of a battery balancing system according to an embodiment of this application;

[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of a battery balancing method according to an embodiment of this application;

[0016] Figure 3 This is a structural block diagram of the control module included in the battery balancing system according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0018] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0019] The following appropriately discloses an embodiment of a battery according to this application. However, unnecessary detailed descriptions may be omitted. For example, detailed descriptions of well-known matters and repetitive descriptions of practically identical structures may be omitted. This is to avoid making the following description unnecessarily lengthy and to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art. Furthermore, the following description is provided to enable those skilled in the art to fully understand this application and is not intended to limit the subject matter of the claims.

[0020] The battery in this application is a secondary battery, also known as a rechargeable battery or storage battery, which refers to a battery that can be used again after being discharged by recharging to activate the active materials.

[0021] Typically, a secondary battery includes electrode components, electrolyte, and an outer casing. The electrode components consist of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator. The electrode components and electrolyte are assembled inside the outer casing. During charging and discharging, active ions (such as lithium ions) move back and forth between the positive and negative electrode plates, inserting and extracting. The separator, positioned between the positive and negative electrode plates, primarily prevents short circuits while allowing active ions to pass through. The electrolyte, located between the positive and negative electrode plates, mainly serves to conduct active ions.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of a battery balancing system according to an embodiment of this application; as shown... Figure 1 As shown, it includes:

[0023] Data acquisition module 12 and control module 14 are electrically connected;

[0024] Among them, the data acquisition module 12 is used to collect the cell parameters of different cells;

[0025] It should be noted that the data acquisition module 12 can be used to collect cell parameters of different cells in real time and continuously, providing data support for subsequent state assessment, parameter calculation, and balance decision-making. For example, the data acquisition module 12 can be composed of a sensing unit, a working condition identification circuit, and a synchronous sampling control circuit.

[0026] Cell parameters refer to real-time acquired physical quantities used to support balanced control decisions. These parameters may include, but are not limited to, any parameters that can indicate the cell status, such as cell terminal voltage, cell capacity, cell internal resistance, charging and discharging current, charging temperature, discharging temperature, and resting temperature.

[0027] Optionally, the battery cell in this application embodiment refers to any lithium-ion (or secondary battery) single cell with measurable voltage, internal resistance, and capacity characteristics, which can be applied to various scenarios such as energy storage systems, electric vehicles, electric ships, or backup power supplies.

[0028] The control module 14 is used to determine the health status parameters of each battery cell based on the cell parameters of each battery cell, and to determine the cell state of each battery cell based on the state range to which the health status parameters of each battery cell belong; the cell state includes one of the following: healthy state, degraded state, and deteriorated state; to determine the target balancing parameters matching each battery cell based on the cell state of each battery cell; wherein, the target balancing parameters are used to determine whether the battery cell is suitable for battery balancing; and to determine the battery cells to be balanced from the different battery cells that meet the preset balancing conditions based on the target balancing parameters of different battery cells, and to perform balancing processing on the battery cells to be balanced.

[0029] The battery balancing system described above collects cell parameters from different cells. For each cell, its health status parameters are determined based on these parameters. The cell state is then determined based on the state range to which these health status parameters belong. Cell states include one of the following: healthy, degraded, or deteriorated. A target balancing parameter is then determined based on the cell state. This parameter identifies cells that meet the balancing conditions and are then balancing them. In other words, for each cell, a target balancing parameter tailored to its specific cell state can be dynamically calculated and output. By using the target balancing parameter instead of a fixed threshold to determine whether balancing should be performed, the high false balancing rate caused by relying solely on fixed thresholds for balancing judgments is avoided, effectively improving the accuracy of battery balancing.

[0030] In an exemplary embodiment, the cell parameters include: cell acquisition capacity and cell acquisition internal resistance; the control module includes: a state evaluation unit; the state evaluation unit is used to: determine the capacity decay rate of each cell based on the rated capacity and cell acquisition capacity of each cell, and determine the internal resistance change rate of each cell based on the rated internal resistance and cell acquisition internal resistance of each cell; determine a first weight for the capacity decay rate, and determine a second weight for the internal resistance change rate; perform weighted calculation based on the capacity decay rate, the first weight, the internal resistance change rate, and the second weight to obtain initial health state parameters; and correct the initial health parameters to obtain the health state parameters of each cell.

[0031] Understandably, before determining the capacity decay rate, expressions and fitting relationship models can be pre-built to quickly and accurately determine the capacity decay rate; similarly, before determining the internal resistance change rate, expressions and fitting relationship models can also be pre-built to achieve a fast and accurate calculation of the internal resistance change rate.

[0032] For example, the rated capacity and cell acquisition capacity of each cell can be input into the capacity decay rate expression to calculate the capacity decay rate, which is: α=(C0–C1) / C0, where C0 is the rated capacity and C1 is the cell acquisition capacity. Correspondingly, the condition assessment unit can input the rated internal resistance and cell acquisition internal resistance of each cell into the internal resistance change rate expression to calculate the internal resistance change rate, which is: β=(R1–R0) / R0, where R0 is the rated internal resistance and R1 is the cell acquisition internal resistance. α refers to the capacity decay rate, and β refers to the internal resistance change rate. α and β can characterize the aging degree of the cell from two dimensions: energy storage capacity and energy transmission efficiency, respectively.

[0033] To determine the health status parameters and assess the health status of each cell, the status assessment unit can further introduce a weighting mechanism. For example, the capacity decay rate can be pre-weighted to have a higher impact on the overall health status of the cell. Therefore, the capacity decay rate α can be assigned a first weight of 0.7, and the internal resistance change rate β can be assigned a second weight of 0.3. The status assessment unit multiplies α and β by their corresponding weights and then performs a weighted sum to obtain the initial health status parameters, i.e., SOH0 = 0.7 × (1 – α) + 0.3 × (1 – β), where SOH0 is the initial health status parameter. The first and second weights can be adaptively adjusted based on battery life cycle aging test data and engineering experience; this embodiment does not limit the specific weights used.

[0034] Because the cell's sampling capacity and internal resistance may be affected by factors such as measurement errors, temperature fluctuations, sampling noise, and nonlinear aging due to cycle counts, SOH0 will exhibit systematic deviations. Therefore, the state assessment unit further introduces a fitting calibration mechanism to dynamically correct the initial health state parameters to obtain the final health state parameters. Specifically, the expression of the calibration model is: SOHcal = a × SOH0 + b; where a and b are calibration coefficients obtained by fitting historical operating data for each cell. Historical operating data may include multi-dimensional auxiliary variables such as cumulative charge-discharge cycle counts, average ambient temperature range, number of past equalization operations, and historical trends in voltage consistency. By substituting SOH0 into the calibration model, the calibrated final health state parameter SOH0 can be obtained. cal The calibration process corrects for calculation biases, ensuring that health status parameters meet the requirements of subsequent state assessment and equilibrium control.

[0035] In the above embodiments, by using dual parameter inputs of capacity decay rate and internal resistance change rate, weighted fusion and calibration mechanism, a technological leap from single index estimation to multi-dimensional fusion and dynamic correction in state assessment is achieved, which significantly improves the accuracy of health state parameters and lays the foundation for the precise and adaptive battery equalization control of this application.

[0036] In an exemplary embodiment, the control module includes: a state evaluation unit; the state evaluation unit is further configured to: determine the cell state associated with the state interval of each cell as the cell state of each cell; the state interval includes: a healthy state interval, a decay interval, and a deterioration interval.

[0037] Specifically, after determining the health status parameters of each cell, the condition assessment unit further undertakes the core function of condition classification. Its role is to transform the continuous, numerical health status parameters into cell conditions with clear engineering implications, thereby providing a decision-making basis for the differentiated selection of subsequent equalization strategies. Based on three pre-defined condition intervals—healthy condition interval, decay interval, and deterioration interval—the condition assessment unit determines the interval affiliation of the calculated health status parameters, and then identifies the cell condition associated with the condition interval as the cell condition.

[0038] In some embodiments, the state assessment unit is further configured to: determine that the health state parameter belongs to a healthy state interval when the health state parameter is greater than or equal to a first threshold; determine that the health state parameter belongs to a decay interval when the health state parameter is greater than or equal to a second threshold and less than the first threshold; and determine that the health state parameter belongs to a deterioration interval when the health state parameter is less than the second threshold; wherein the first threshold is greater than the second threshold.

[0039] It should be noted that the state assessment unit can classify states based on a preset threshold system. Specifically, a multi-level state division mechanism can be constructed by setting two thresholds with a clear numerical relationship, a first threshold and a second threshold, thereby achieving accurate identification of the cell state. The numerical relationship between the first and second thresholds is limited to the first threshold being greater than the second threshold; this hierarchical relationship forms the logical basis for cell state judgment. Specifically, after the state assessment unit obtains the health state parameters of each cell, if the value of the health state parameter is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the cell is determined to be in a healthy state interval. The cell state associated with this healthy state interval is also considered healthy, indicating that the cell's capacity retention and internal resistance growth levels are within a high retention range of its factory performance, its electrochemical characteristics are stable, it has good cycle life potential, and it can maintain a conventional low-frequency monitoring strategy without active intervention. If the health state parameter is less than the first threshold but its value is greater than or equal to the second threshold, the state assessment unit determines that the cell has entered a degradation interval, and the cell state associated with this degradation interval is considered a degradation state. The degradation interval signifies that the cell has begun to show signs of performance degradation. At this point, corresponding protection and optimization mechanisms can be triggered, such as increasing the data acquisition frequency, prioritizing active balancing, and including it in the key monitoring sequence to delay further degradation. When the health status parameter is below the second threshold, the status assessment unit determines that the cell is currently in a degradation range, and the cell state associated with the degradation range is also considered a degradation state. This range indicates that the cell has entered a significant aging stage, its energy storage capacity has severely decreased, and its internal resistance has significantly increased. Continuing to participate in routine energy balancing may lead to local overheating, voltage runaway, or thermal runaway risks. At this point, the highest level of protection measures can be taken, including but not limited to: increasing the data acquisition frequency, forcibly disabling passive balancing, activating independent alarms, limiting charging and discharging power, and providing a basis for subsequent replacement decisions.

[0040] Understandably, the setting of the first and second thresholds can be comprehensively determined based on a large amount of battery life cycle aging test data, the statistical inflection point of capacity decay curves, the critical point of accelerated internal resistance growth, and the boundary constraints of safe operation of energy storage systems. The first threshold serves as the lower limit for performance stability, and the second threshold serves as the lower limit for acceptable risk, forming a clear early warning buffer zone between the two.

[0041] For example, the first threshold can be set to 90%, and the second threshold can be set to 70%. When the health status parameter of cell A is greater than or equal to 90%, cell A is determined to be in the healthy state range; when the health status parameter SOH of cell A is greater than or equal to 70% and less than 90%, cell A is determined to be in the degradation range; when the health status parameter SOH of cell A is less than 70%, cell A is determined to be in the deterioration range.

[0042] In the above embodiments, the state assessment unit achieves a key leap from numerical estimation to state cognition by mapping the health state parameters into intervals, providing a basis for judgment on subsequent equalization system settings such as equalization mode selection, acquisition frequency adjustment, and safety protection actions.

[0043] In an exemplary embodiment, the control module further includes a triggering unit; the triggering unit is configured to: trigger a high-frequency acquisition command for each battery cell when the battery cell state of each battery cell includes a deteriorated state or a decayed state, and send the high-frequency acquisition command to the data acquisition module to instruct the data acquisition module to acquire the battery cell parameters of each battery cell according to the target acquisition frequency indicated by the high-frequency acquisition command.

[0044] It should be noted that when the status assessment unit determines that the cell status of each cell is in a deteriorated or decayed state, it triggers the unit activation response mechanism to generate and send a high-frequency acquisition command for each cell. The high-frequency acquisition command is a targeted command for each cell, and its content may include: the unique number of each cell, the cell parameters to be acquired (such as terminal voltage, charging / discharging current, charging temperature, discharging temperature, and resting temperature), and the preset target acquisition frequency. The target acquisition frequency can be set to once per second or once per minute, higher than the regular acquisition frequency maintained for cells in a healthy state (such as once per hour or once every 30 minutes), to ensure that sufficiently dense and timely status data can be obtained during periods of rapid performance change or potential risk for each cell.

[0045] Understandably, for healthy battery cells, parameter changes are slow and trends are stable. High-frequency sampling would increase bus load, storage pressure, and power consumption. However, when a battery cell enters the degradation or deterioration phase, its capacity decay rate accelerates, internal resistance fluctuations intensify, temperature response sensitivity increases, and voltage consistency is easily affected by minor disturbances. If low-frequency sampling is still relied upon at this point, critical transient anomaly signals may be missed, leading to delayed equalization strategies, increased misjudgments, and even triggering a chain reaction of degradation. Therefore, using high-frequency sampling for deteriorated battery cells can effectively improve the accuracy of battery equalization.

[0046] In an exemplary embodiment, the data acquisition module is further configured to: upon receiving a high-frequency acquisition command for each cell sent by the triggering unit, adjust the initial acquisition frequency for each cell to the target acquisition frequency indicated by the high-frequency acquisition command, and acquire the cell parameters of each cell according to the target acquisition frequency.

[0047] For example, after receiving a high-frequency acquisition command for each battery cell, the data acquisition module can switch the initial acquisition frequency for each battery cell to the target acquisition frequency indicated by the high-frequency acquisition command, such as switching the initial acquisition frequency from once every 30 minutes to the target acquisition frequency from once per second, in order to obtain the battery cell parameters of each battery cell for real-time use by the status evaluation unit and other components.

[0048] In some embodiments, to avoid resource overload due to increased acquisition frequency, the triggering unit can also carry acquisition duration constraints in the instructions: after multiple consecutive data points (e.g., 100 data points) of the battery cell are completely acquired and constitute a valid data segment, its state stability will be evaluated. If the battery cell state returns to a healthy state range in subsequent cycles, the triggering unit can actively send an instruction to terminate high-frequency acquisition and restore the normal frequency; if the state continues to deteriorate, high-frequency acquisition will continue until an abnormal alarm is detected.

[0049] In the above embodiments, by introducing a triggering mechanism, the data acquisition strategy is transformed from a fixed period to a state-aware and dynamically adjusted one, which can significantly improve the response speed and anomaly detection capability for degraded and decaying cells. This method of binding acquisition behavior with cell status achieves dual optimization of acquisition efficiency and control precision.

[0050] In an exemplary embodiment, the cell parameters include: cell acquisition temperature; the control module further includes: a parameter calculation unit; the parameter calculation unit is used to: determine initial equalization parameters based on the cell state of each cell, perform temperature compensation on the initial equalization parameters based on the temperature compensation coefficient of each cell, and obtain the target equalization parameters for each cell.

[0051] Optionally, the parameter calculation unit determines initial equalization parameters matching the cell state of each cell. These initial equalization parameters can be base voltage thresholds corresponding to different cell states, calibrated using battery aging test data, representing the minimum voltage difference required to initiate equalization at a reference temperature to maintain voltage consistency. The initial equalization parameters differ for different cell states. For example, for a healthy cell, the initial equalization parameter can be set to 3.50V; for a degraded cell, it can be set to 3.45V; and for a degraded cell, it can be set to 3.40V to accommodate the more sensitive voltage response characteristics of degraded cells. The parameter calculation unit can also determine a temperature compensation coefficient k matching each cell. The temperature compensation coefficient reflects the comprehensive compensation requirements for temperature changes on the cell's open-circuit voltage drift and polarization resistance changes. For example, in a degraded state, k can be 0.005V / ℃, indicating that the cell is more sensitive to temperature at this stage and requires a stronger threshold reduction; while in a healthy state, k can be reduced to 0.003V / ℃, at which point the state is stable and the temperature drift has a smaller impact.

[0052] Based on the determined initial equalization parameters and temperature compensation coefficient, the parameter calculation unit reads the cell acquisition temperature of each battery cell. The cell acquisition temperature refers to the temperature of each battery cell under charging, discharging, or static conditions. The reference temperature T0 is a preset reference ambient temperature, such as 25℃, representing the nominal operating temperature point of the battery design, and its function is to serve as a zero-point reference for temperature deviation. The parameter calculation unit performs temperature compensation on the initial equalization parameters based on the cell acquisition temperature T, the temperature compensation coefficient k, and the reference temperature T0 to obtain the target equalization parameters.

[0053] In some embodiments, when the battery cell is in a state of decay or deterioration and triggers the high-frequency acquisition mode, the parameter calculation unit will simultaneously enable the sliding window data smoothing mechanism to perform trend filtering on multiple consecutive sampling points (such as 100 temperature sampling points), remove instantaneous interference, and process the temperature sampling points after removing interference (such as mean processing), and use the obtained mean processing result as the battery cell acquisition temperature T.

[0054] In an exemplary embodiment, the parameter calculation unit is further configured to: determine the temperature difference between the cell sampling temperature of each cell and a preset reference temperature, and determine a compensation reference coefficient that matches the cell state of each cell; adjust the compensation reference coefficient based on the temperature difference to obtain the temperature compensation coefficient of each cell.

[0055] In an exemplary embodiment, the parameter calculation unit is further configured to: determine the temperature difference between the cell sampling temperature of each cell and the preset reference temperature; and obtain the target equalization parameters of each cell based on the product of the temperature difference and the temperature compensation coefficient of each cell and the initial equalization parameters.

[0056] For example, the parameter calculation unit substitutes the cell acquisition temperature T, temperature compensation coefficient k, and reference temperature T0 into the linear compensation model for real-time calculation to obtain the target equilibrium parameters. The expression of the linear compensation model is: U set =U base -k×(T-T0). Where, U set U is the target equilibrium parameter. base The initial equalization parameters are given by this formula. The physical meaning of this formula is as follows: When the cell temperature is higher than the reference temperature (T>T0), the electrochemical reaction rate inside the cell accelerates, self-discharge intensifies, and the resting voltage tends to increase. If equalization is still triggered using a fixed threshold, it is prone to malfunction. At this time, by subtracting the positive compensation term k×(T-T0), the equalization initiation threshold is actively lowered, allowing equalization to start earlier at higher temperatures and preventing voltage drift accumulation. Conversely, when the temperature is lower than T0, the compensation term is negative, U... set The value is increased accordingly to avoid excessive equilibration caused by voltage lag at low temperatures.

[0057] In the above embodiments, the target equalization parameter is obtained after temperature compensation of the initial equalization coefficient. Compared with the fixed voltage threshold, the target equalization parameter adapts to temperature changes and can provide a high-precision and robust decision basis for the subsequent equalization execution unit.

[0058] In an exemplary embodiment, the cell parameters further include: cell sampling voltage; the control module further includes: an equalization execution unit; the equalization execution unit is used to: compare the cell sampling voltage of different cells with the target equalization parameters of different cells respectively to obtain a first comparison result of different cells; determine the cells whose cell sampling voltage is greater than the target equalization parameter according to the first comparison result as cells to be equalized, and perform equalization processing on the cells to be equalized.

[0059] Optionally, the balancing execution unit can compare the cell sampling voltage and target balancing parameters of each cell in different battery cells to form a first comparison result. Specifically, if the cell sampling voltage of a cell is higher than the target balancing parameter, the first comparison result determines that the cell needs to be balanced. This state indicates that the cell is currently in a relatively high voltage state, which may be due to uneven charging, internal resistance differences, or local aging, posing a risk of excess energy. If no intervention is taken, it will exacerbate the voltage deviation with adjacent cells and disrupt the overall consistency of the cells.

[0060] In an exemplary embodiment, the equalization execution unit is further configured to: determine an average voltage based on the cell acquisition voltages of different cells, and calculate the voltage deviation between the cell acquisition voltages of different cells and the average voltage; compare the voltage deviations of different cells with a preset voltage deviation range to obtain a second comparison result for different cells; determine the cells whose cell acquisition voltage is greater than the target equalization parameter as indicated by the first comparison result and whose voltage deviation is not within the voltage deviation range as cells to be equalized, and perform equalization processing on the cells to be equalized.

[0061] Understandably, when making balancing decisions, the balancing execution unit does not rely solely on a single target balancing parameter. It can also introduce a voltage consistency assessment mechanism, combining the first and second comparison results to jointly determine the cells to be balanced, thus more accurately distinguishing between genuine inconsistencies and instantaneous fluctuations or systemic deviations. Specifically, the balancing execution unit can determine the average voltage based on the cell sampling voltages of different cells, serving as a reference benchmark for voltage consistency. Subsequently, for each cell, the difference between the cell sampling voltage and the average voltage is calculated, i.e., the voltage deviation. This voltage deviation reflects the degree of deviation of each cell from the module's average level and is a key quantitative indicator for measuring whether it is in an abnormally high voltage state. After calculating the voltage deviation, it is compared with a preset voltage deviation range to form a second comparison result. The voltage deviation range can be a tolerance range dynamically adjusted based on the cell's health status, operating condition (charging / discharging / resting), and temperature. For example, under healthy conditions and in a quiescent state, the voltage deviation range can be set to ±0.03V, allowing for a certain degree of natural fluctuation; while under deteriorated conditions or high current conditions at the end of charging, the voltage deviation range can be set to ±0.01V to meet the more sensitive consistency requirements of aging cells.

[0062] In one exemplary embodiment, the control module further includes: an equalization execution unit; the cell parameters further include: cell acquisition conditions; the equalization execution unit is further configured to: determine an equalization strategy based on the equalization parameters, and perform equalization processing on the cell to be equalized according to the equalization strategy; wherein, the equalization parameters include at least one of the following: voltage deviation, cell acquisition conditions of the cell to be equalized, and cell state of the cell to be equalized; the voltage deviation is determined based on the average voltage determined by the cell acquisition voltage of the cell to be equalized and the cell acquisition voltages of different cells; the equalization strategy includes: an active equalization strategy or a passive equalization strategy.

[0063] Specifically, during the balancing process of the cells to be balanced, a balancing strategy can be determined by combining multiple dimensions of criteria. For example, the balancing strategy can be determined based on the cell state of the cell to be balanced. If the cell to be balanced is in a degraded state, the active balancing mode is activated. The active balancing mode uses an inductive energy transfer structure to efficiently transfer the excess energy of the cell to be balanced to other cells with lower voltage, avoiding secondary damage caused by heat generation during passive balancing. If the cell is in a decaying state, active balancing can be activated first, and passive balancing is only switched when the voltage difference is extremely small (e.g., ≤0.05V) and the temperature is stable. If the cell is in a healthy state, passive balancing can be safely activated. That is, in the bypass resistor branch connected in parallel across the two ends of the cell to be balanced, the excess energy is dissipated in a controllable current manner by controlling the conduction of the MOSFET.

[0064] For example, the balancing strategy can be determined by combining voltage deviation, cell sampling conditions, and cell status. Specifically, the health status of the cell to be balanced can be checked first: if it is in a degraded state, regardless of the operating conditions or the magnitude of the voltage deviation, the active balancing strategy can be forcibly activated. This is because passive balancing relies on resistor energy consumption, which generates localized heat. Degraded cells have severely degraded thermal management capabilities, and any additional temperature rise may accelerate electrolyte decomposition, gas evolution, or even thermal runaway. Active balancing achieves bidirectional energy transfer through inductance, with no energy waste and no significant heat generation, making it the only safe option. If the cell to be balanced is in a degraded state, further decisions will be made based on the operating conditions: If the current condition is charging and the voltage deviation is significant (e.g., >0.08V), active balancing will be initiated first to quickly improve the consistency at the end of charging and avoid the risk of overcharging; if the condition is discharging and the voltage deviation is large (>0.06V), active balancing will also be initiated first to maintain a stable discharge platform and prevent over-discharge of low-voltage cells; if the condition is idling and the voltage deviation is small (≤0.05V), passive balancing will be allowed to maintain long-term consistency with lower power consumption and reduce system energy loss. If the cell to be balanced is in a healthy state, a passive balancing strategy will be preferred because its internal resistance is stable, its thermal capacity is sufficient, and its voltage fluctuations are mostly slight unevenness, requiring no high-intensity energy transfer. However, even in a healthy state, if extreme operating conditions occur (e.g., the temperature rise rate during charging exceeds 2℃ / min, or the cell temperature is higher than 55℃), passive balancing will be automatically skipped, and active balancing will be forcibly initiated to avoid the risk of heat accumulation. Conversely, if the ambient temperature is too low (e.g., <0℃), the efficiency of passive balancing decreases, and active balancing is preferred to ensure the effectiveness of balancing.

[0065] In some embodiments, the equalization execution unit can determine a specific equalization strategy based on the above-mentioned multi-parameter comprehensive judgment. When active equalization is selected, an inductor-based bidirectional energy transfer topology is activated, and the switching transistor is driven by high-frequency PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) to realize directional energy transfer from high-voltage cells to low-voltage cells, and supports parallel independent operation of multiple groups of cells. When passive equalization is selected, the MOS (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor) resistor branches connected in parallel across the cells to be equalized are turned on in a segment-by-segment manner, and the power of a single channel can be controlled within 1–5W, avoiding concentrated heat generation, and integrating 85°C over-temperature protection to ensure safety.

[0066] In the above embodiments, by deeply coupling the cell acquisition conditions, cell status and voltage deviation, the balancing strategy is determined, so that the balancing behavior is no longer just voltage-triggered, but a precise intervention that coordinates and optimizes cell health, operating environment and safety boundaries, which significantly improves the effectiveness, safety and accuracy of balancing.

[0067] In an exemplary embodiment, the cell parameters further include: cell sampling voltage; the control module further includes: an adjustment unit; the adjustment unit is used to determine, after equalization processing of the cells to be equalized, the maximum voltage difference and voltage standard deviation based on the cell sampling voltages of different cells; and to determine the health degradation rate of the cells to be equalized; and to correct the initial equalization parameters and temperature compensation coefficient matched with the cells to be equalized when the maximum voltage difference, voltage standard deviation and health degradation rate meet the set parameter adjustment conditions; wherein, the health degradation rate is determined based on the health status parameters of the cells to be equalized before equalization processing and the health status parameters of the cells to be equalized after equalization processing.

[0068] Optionally, after the equalization process is completed for the cells to be equalized, the adjustment unit initiates an evaluation process. The adjustment unit can calculate two key consistency metrics based on the cell voltages collected from different cells: the maximum voltage difference and the voltage standard deviation. The maximum voltage difference refers to the absolute difference between the highest and lowest voltages, reflecting the extreme value of the overall voltage dispersion; the voltage standard deviation measures the level of dispersion fluctuation of all cell voltages around the average value, reflecting the uniformity and stability of the voltage distribution after equalization. These two metrics together constitute the system's consistency evaluation of the equalization effect. Simultaneously, based on the health status parameters of the cells to be equalized before and after this equalization operation, the adjustment unit calculates the health degradation rate of the cells to be equalized during the equalization cycle, i.e., the decrease in health status parameters per unit time. Health status parameters can reflect whether the equalization behavior has caused additional degradation pressure on the cells to be equalized. For example, if local overheating causes an abnormal increase in internal resistance during passive equalization, even if voltage consistency improves, the health degradation rate may significantly accelerate.

[0069] Furthermore, the adjustment unit compares the three indicators mentioned above—maximum voltage difference, voltage standard deviation, and health degradation rate—with preset parameter adjustment conditions. These parameter adjustment conditions can be dynamically set tolerance ranges based on the cell's condition and operating conditions. For example, in a healthy state, the maximum voltage difference is allowed to be ≤0.06V, the voltage standard deviation ≤0.015V, and the health degradation rate is required to be ≤0.1%. In a deteriorated state, the consistency requirements are stricter: the maximum voltage difference must be ≤0.04V, the voltage standard deviation ≤0.013V, and the health degradation rate ≤0.05%. Otherwise, the balancing strategy is deemed to have failed, triggering a parameter correction mechanism to correct the initial balancing parameters and temperature compensation coefficient of the cell to be balanced.

[0070] In the above embodiments, this closed-loop feedback mechanism of balancing, evaluation, and correction achieves a leap from static rule-driven to data-driven self-evolution. It not only ensures accurate and effective balancing each time, but also enables the entire battery balancing system to identify its own strategy's shortcomings, automatically optimize, and continuously approach the optimal balancing path. This adaptive capability fundamentally solves the parameter drift, aging mismatch, and performance degradation problems caused by the one-time setting and lifelong immutability of traditional battery balancing systems. It is the core technological support for achieving long battery life, low degradation, and high reliability.

[0071] This embodiment provides a battery balancing method, such as Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of a battery balancing method according to an embodiment of this application, including the following steps:

[0072] Step S202: Collect cell parameters for different battery cells;

[0073] Step S204: For each cell in different cells, determine the health status parameters of each cell according to the cell parameters of each cell, and determine the cell status of each cell based on the state range to which the health status parameters of each cell belong; the cell status includes one of the following: healthy status, degraded status and deteriorated status.

[0074] Step S206: Determine the target balancing parameters that match each cell based on the cell state of each cell; wherein, the target balancing parameters are used to determine whether the cell is suitable for battery balancing.

[0075] Step S208: Based on the target equalization parameters of different cells, determine the cells to be equalized that meet the preset equalization conditions from different cells, and perform equalization processing on the cells to be equalized.

[0076] Through the above steps, cell parameters of different cells are collected. For each cell in different cells, the health status parameters of each cell are determined based on the cell parameters. Then, the cell status of each cell can be determined based on the state range to which the health status parameters belong. The cell status includes one of the following: healthy state, degraded state, and deteriorated state. Then, the target equalization parameter is determined based on the cell status. The target equalization parameter is used to identify the cells that meet the equalization conditions from different cells and then equalize the cells to be equalized. In other words, for each cell, the target equalization parameter adapted to the cell status of each cell can be dynamically calculated and output. In this way, the target equalization parameter is used instead of a fixed threshold to determine whether to perform equalization processing, avoiding the problem of high false equalization rate caused by equalization judgment based solely on a fixed threshold, and effectively improving the accuracy of battery equalization.

[0077] In an exemplary embodiment, the cell parameters include: cell acquisition capacity and cell acquisition internal resistance; based on the cell parameters of each cell, the health status parameters of each cell are determined: the capacity decay rate of each cell is determined based on the rated capacity and cell acquisition capacity of each cell, and the internal resistance change rate of each cell is determined based on the rated internal resistance and cell acquisition internal resistance of each cell; a first weight is determined for the capacity decay rate, and a second weight is determined for the internal resistance change rate; an initial health status parameter is obtained by weighting the capacity decay rate, the first weight, the internal resistance change rate, and the second weight; and the initial health parameters are corrected to obtain the health status parameters of each cell.

[0078] In an exemplary embodiment, determining the cell state of each cell based on the state interval to which the health state parameter of each cell belongs includes: determining the cell state associated with the state interval of each cell as the cell state of each cell; the state interval includes one of a health state interval, a decay interval, and a degradation interval.

[0079] In one exemplary embodiment, if the health status parameter is greater than or equal to a first threshold, the health status parameter is determined to belong to a healthy state interval; if the health status parameter is greater than or equal to a second threshold and less than the first threshold, the health status parameter is determined to belong to a decay interval; if the health status parameter is less than the second threshold, the health status parameter is determined to belong to a deterioration interval; wherein the first threshold is greater than the second threshold.

[0080] In an exemplary embodiment, after determining the cell state of each cell based on the state range to which the health state parameters of each cell belong, the battery balancing method further includes: if the cell state of each cell includes a deteriorated state or a decayed state, triggering a high-frequency acquisition command for each cell; the high-frequency acquisition command is used to instruct the data acquisition module to acquire the cell parameters of each cell according to the target acquisition frequency indicated by the high-frequency acquisition command.

[0081] In one exemplary embodiment, collecting cell parameters of different cells includes: upon receiving a high-frequency acquisition command for each cell, adjusting the initial acquisition frequency for each cell to the target acquisition frequency indicated by the high-frequency acquisition command, and collecting cell parameters of each cell according to the target acquisition frequency.

[0082] In an exemplary embodiment, the cell parameters include: cell acquisition temperature; determining target equalization parameters matching each cell based on the cell state of each cell, including: determining initial equalization parameters based on the cell state of each cell, and performing temperature compensation on the initial equalization parameters based on the temperature compensation coefficient of each cell to obtain the target equalization parameters for each cell.

[0083] In an exemplary embodiment, the cell parameters include: cell acquisition temperature; the step of determining the temperature compensation coefficient includes: determining the temperature difference between the cell acquisition temperature of each cell and a preset reference temperature, and determining a compensation reference coefficient that matches the cell state of each cell; adjusting the compensation reference coefficient based on the temperature difference to obtain the temperature compensation coefficient of each cell.

[0084] In an exemplary embodiment, temperature compensation is performed on the initial equalization parameters based on the temperature compensation coefficient of each cell to obtain the target equalization parameters of each cell, including: determining the temperature difference between the cell sampling temperature of each cell and the preset reference temperature; and obtaining the target equalization parameters of each cell based on the product of the temperature difference and the temperature compensation coefficient of each cell and the initial equalization parameters.

[0085] In an exemplary embodiment, the cell parameters further include: cell sampling voltage; determining, based on the target equalization parameters of different cells, the cells to be equalized that meet the preset equalization conditions from the different cells, and performing equalization processing on the cells to be equalized, including: comparing the cell sampling voltage of different cells with the target equalization parameters of different cells respectively to obtain a first comparison result of different cells; determining the cells whose cell sampling voltage is greater than the target equalization parameter as cells to be equalized, and performing equalization processing on the cells to be equalized.

[0086] In an exemplary embodiment, based on the target equalization parameters of different battery cells, determining the battery cells to be equalized that meet the preset equalization conditions from the different battery cells, and performing equalization processing on the battery cells to be equalized, further includes: determining the average voltage based on the battery cell acquisition voltage of different battery cells, and calculating the voltage deviation between the battery cell acquisition voltage of different battery cells and the average voltage; comparing the voltage deviation of different battery cells with a preset voltage deviation range to obtain a second comparison result of different battery cells; determining the battery cells in the different battery cells whose first comparison result indicates that the battery cell acquisition voltage is greater than the target equalization parameter, and whose second comparison result indicates that the voltage deviation is not within the voltage deviation range, as the battery cells to be equalized, and performing equalization processing on the battery cells to be equalized.

[0087] In an exemplary embodiment, the cell parameters further include: cell acquisition conditions; and equalization processing of the cell to be equalized, including: determining an equalization strategy based on the equalization parameters, and performing equalization processing on the cell to be equalized according to the equalization strategy; wherein, the equalization parameters include at least one of the following: voltage deviation, cell acquisition conditions of the cell to be equalized, and cell state of the cell to be equalized; the voltage deviation is determined based on the average voltage determined by the cell acquisition voltage of the cell to be equalized and the cell acquisition voltages of different cells; the equalization strategy includes: an active equalization strategy or a passive equalization strategy.

[0088] In an exemplary embodiment, the cell parameters further include: cell sampling voltage; the battery balancing method further includes: after balancing the cells to be balanced, determining the maximum voltage difference and voltage standard deviation based on the cell sampling voltages of different cells; and determining the health degradation rate of the cells to be balanced; and correcting the initial balancing parameters and temperature compensation coefficient matched with the cells to be balanced when the maximum voltage difference, voltage standard deviation, and health degradation rate meet the set parameter adjustment conditions; wherein, the health degradation rate is determined based on the health state parameters of the cells to be balanced before balancing and the health state parameters of the cells to be balanced after balancing.

[0089] To better understand the process of the above battery balancing method, the implementation flow of the battery balancing system management will be described below in conjunction with optional embodiments, but this is not intended to limit the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

[0090] This embodiment provides a battery balancing method, executed by a battery balancing system. The battery balancing system includes a data acquisition module and a control module. The control module can be further subdivided into different units, and battery balancing is carried out collaboratively through the cooperation of multiple units, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the control module includes: a status evaluation unit 31, a triggering unit 32, a parameter calculation unit 33, a balanced execution unit 34, and an adjustment unit 35. The processing procedures of each unit are described in detail below:

[0091] The state assessment unit 31 acquires the cell parameters of different cells collected by the data acquisition module. For each cell among the different cells, based on the cell parameters, it determines the capacity decay rate and internal resistance change rate of each cell; then, based on the capacity decay rate and internal resistance change rate of each cell, it calculates the health state parameters of each cell. It determines the state range to which the health state parameters of each cell belong, and then determines the cell state of each cell based on the state range of each cell.

[0092] Trigger unit 32, when determining that the cell condition of each cell is in a deteriorated or decayed state, triggers high-frequency acquisition: continuously acquiring voltage and temperature data of each cell at a frequency of 1 time / second for a total of 100 sampling points, forming a time series data covering an operating condition window of approximately 100 seconds; then, abnormal data is removed, and the average voltage, average temperature, and other statistics of the remaining data are calculated to obtain stable and effective data segments, providing reliable operating condition data for subsequent threshold calculations. Cells in a healthy state maintain regular low-frequency acquisition, without triggering high-frequency acquisition, to reduce system computation and storage overhead. The cell temperature used in subsequent target equalization parameter calculations can be taken from the average temperature of this effective data segment, rather than the instantaneous value of a single sample, to eliminate the influence of operating condition fluctuations and sampling noise, and improve the stability and accuracy of threshold calculations.

[0093] The parameter calculation unit 33, based on the cell state of each battery cell and combined with temperature data from different operating conditions (charging, discharging, and resting), introduces a temperature compensation coefficient, dynamically calculates and outputs a dynamic equalization threshold adapted to the cell state of each battery cell, i.e., the target equalization parameter, replacing the fixed threshold and improving equalization accuracy. It determines the initial equalization parameters based on the cell state of each battery cell; it determines the temperature compensation coefficient by combining the cell's collected temperature under different operating conditions (charging, discharging, and resting), and calculates the dynamic equalization threshold. The temperature compensation coefficient is determined based on the cell state and the collected cell temperature: it identifies in real time whether each battery cell is in a charging, discharging, or resting condition, and selects the temperature corresponding to that condition for calculation; the temperature compensation coefficient is obtained through fitting multiple temperature and multiple state battery cell charge-discharge tests, with different temperature compensation coefficients corresponding to different cell states.

[0094] It should be noted that, in order to better understand the target equalization parameters, the determination of the target equalization parameters involved in this application is presented in a table, as shown in Table 1. In Table 1, cell B is currently in the degradation range, the initial equalization parameter is 3.600V, and the reference temperature T0 is 25℃.

[0095] Table 1

[0096]

[0097] The balancing execution unit 34 can selectively perform passive balancing or active balancing. Passive balancing consumes excess energy from high SOC cells by connecting a bypass resistor in parallel across the two ends of the cell. Active balancing uses an inductor as an energy storage element to achieve direct energy transfer between cells, balancing balancing efficiency and energy utilization.

[0098] Adjustment unit 35 makes a comprehensive judgment based on the voltage consistency quantification index and the health parameter decay rate: voltage consistency is quantified by the maximum and minimum voltage difference (ΔU) and voltage standard deviation (σ) between cells, with a preset qualified threshold; for example, by comparing the changes in ΔU and σ and the health parameter decay rate with the set thresholds respectively, the following corrections can be made according to the comparison results: if the voltage consistency does not meet the standard (such as ΔU and σ both being greater than the set first qualified threshold), the initial equalization parameter is increased; if the health parameter decay rate exceeds the standard (such as the health parameter decay being greater than the set second qualified threshold), the initial equalization parameter is decreased and the temperature compensation coefficient is finely adjusted.

[0099] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the methods according to the above embodiments can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms. Of course, they can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) and includes several instructions to cause a terminal device (which may be a mobile phone, computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods of the various embodiments of this application.

[0100] An embodiment of this application also provides an electric vehicle, which includes the battery balancing system and battery pack of any of the above. The battery pack includes different cells, and the battery balancing system is used to perform balancing processing on each cell in the different cells.

[0101] An embodiment of this application also provides an electrical device, which includes the battery balancing system of any of the above and different battery cells. The battery balancing system is used to perform balancing processing on each of the different battery cells.

[0102] Embodiments of this application also provide a storage medium including a stored program, wherein the program executes any of the methods described above when it is run.

[0103] Optionally, in this embodiment, the storage medium may be configured to store program code for performing the following steps:

[0104] S1, collects cell parameters for different battery cells;

[0105] S2, for each of the different battery cells, determine the health status parameters of each battery cell according to the battery cell parameters of each battery cell, and determine the battery cell status of each battery cell based on the status interval to which the health status parameters of each battery cell belong; the battery cell status includes one of the following: healthy status, degraded status, and deteriorated status;

[0106] S3, determine the target balancing parameters that match each battery cell based on the cell state of each battery cell; wherein, the target balancing parameters are used to determine whether the battery cell is suitable for battery balancing;

[0107] S4. Based on the target balancing parameters of the different cells, determine the cells to be balanced that meet the preset balancing conditions from the different cells, and perform balancing processing on the cells to be balanced.

[0108] Embodiments of this application also provide an electronic device including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program and the processor is configured to run the computer program to perform the steps in any of the above method embodiments.

[0109] Optionally, the electronic device may further include a transmission device and an input / output device, wherein the transmission device is connected to the processor and the input / output device is connected to the processor.

[0110] Optionally, in this embodiment, the processor can be configured to perform the following steps via a computer program:

[0111] S1, collects cell parameters for different battery cells;

[0112] S2, for each of the different battery cells, determine the health status parameters of each battery cell according to the battery cell parameters of each battery cell, and determine the battery cell status of each battery cell based on the status interval to which the health status parameters of each battery cell belong; the battery cell status includes one of the following: healthy status, degraded status, and deteriorated status;

[0113] S3, determine the target balancing parameters that match each battery cell based on the cell state of each battery cell; wherein, the target balancing parameters are used to determine whether the battery cell is suitable for battery balancing;

[0114] S4. Based on the target balancing parameters of the different cells, determine the cells to be balanced that meet the preset balancing conditions from the different cells, and perform balancing processing on the cells to be balanced.

[0115] Optionally, in this embodiment, the storage medium may include, but is not limited to, various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), portable hard drives, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0116] Optionally, embodiments of this application also provide a computer program product, which includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in any of the above method embodiments.

[0117] Optionally, embodiments of this application also provide another computer program product, including a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in any of the above method embodiments.

[0118] Optionally, embodiments of this application also provide a computer program that includes computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium; a processor of a computer device reads the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium and executes the computer instructions, causing the computer device to perform the steps in any of the above method embodiments.

[0119] Optionally, specific examples in this embodiment can refer to the examples described in the above embodiments and optional implementations, and will not be repeated here.

[0120] Obviously, those skilled in the art should understand that the modules or steps of this application described above can be implemented using general-purpose computing devices. They can be centralized on a single computing device or distributed across a network of multiple computing devices. Optionally, they can be implemented using computer-executable program code, thereby storing them in a storage device for execution by a computing device. In some cases, the steps shown or described can be performed in a different order than those presented here, or they can be fabricated as separate integrated circuits, or multiple modules or steps can be fabricated as a single integrated circuit. Thus, this application is not limited to any particular hardware and software combination.

[0121] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of this application, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A battery balancing system, characterized in that, include: Data acquisition module, control module; The data acquisition module is communicatively connected to the control module; The data acquisition module is used to acquire cell parameters of different battery cells; the cell parameters include: cell acquisition temperature, cell acquisition voltage, cell acquisition capacity, and cell acquisition internal resistance; and is also used to, upon receiving a high-frequency acquisition command for each battery cell, adjust the initial acquisition frequency for each battery cell to the target acquisition frequency indicated by the high-frequency acquisition command, and acquire the cell parameters of each battery cell according to the target acquisition frequency; and is also used to, upon receiving a high-frequency acquisition termination command for each battery cell, adjust the high-frequency acquisition command for each battery cell to the initial acquisition frequency; the high-frequency acquisition termination command is generated after multiple consecutive data points of each battery cell have been acquired and constitute a valid data segment, based on the valid data segment determining that the cell state of each battery cell has returned to the healthy state range; The control module is configured to, for each of the different battery cells, determine the capacity decay rate based on the rated capacity and the cell acquisition capacity of each cell, and determine the internal resistance change rate of each cell based on the rated internal resistance and the cell acquisition internal resistance of each cell; determine the initial health state parameter of each cell based on a weighted average of a first weight of the capacity decay rate and a second weight of the internal resistance change rate, wherein the first weight is greater than the second weight; and correct the initial health state parameter based on the following formula SOHcal=a×SOH0+b to obtain the health state parameter of each cell, and determine the cell state of each cell based on the state interval to which the health state parameter of each cell belongs; the cell state includes one of the following: healthy state, decay state, and deterioration state; a and b are correction coefficients obtained by fitting historical operating data of each cell; Based on the cell state of each cell, initial equalization parameters matching each cell are determined, and target equalization parameters are determined based on the following formula: Uset = Ubase - k × (T - T0); where Ubase refers to the initial equalization parameter; T refers to the cell sampling temperature of each cell; T0 refers to the preset reference temperature; T - T0 refers to the temperature difference of each cell; and K refers to the temperature compensation coefficient. The target equalization parameter is used to determine whether each cell is suitable for battery equalization; the temperature compensation coefficient is obtained by adjusting the compensation reference coefficient matching the cell state of each cell based on the temperature difference. The target equalization parameters and cell sampling voltages of the different battery cells are compared to obtain a first comparison result. Cells whose first comparison result indicates that their sampling voltage is greater than the target equalization parameter, and whose second comparison result indicates that their voltage deviation is not within the voltage deviation range, are identified as cells to be equalized. Equalization processing is then performed on these cells. The second comparison result is obtained by comparing the voltage deviation of the different cells with a preset voltage deviation range. The voltage deviation of the different cells refers to the deviation between the average voltage determined by the sampling voltage of the different cells and the sampling voltage of the different cells. After equalization processing of the cells to be equalized, the maximum voltage difference and voltage standard deviation are determined based on the cell sampling voltages of the different cells; and the health degradation rate of the cells to be equalized is determined; when the maximum voltage difference, the voltage standard deviation, and the health degradation rate meet the set parameter adjustment conditions, the initial equalization parameters and temperature compensation coefficient matched with the cells to be equalized are corrected; wherein, the health degradation rate is determined based on the health parameters of the cells to be equalized before equalization processing and the health parameters of the cells to be equalized after equalization processing; When the cell state of each cell includes a deteriorated state or a decayed state, a high-frequency acquisition command is triggered for each cell, and the high-frequency acquisition command is sent to the data acquisition module to instruct the data acquisition module to acquire the cell parameters of each cell according to the target acquisition frequency indicated by the high-frequency acquisition command.

2. The battery balancing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control module includes a state evaluation unit; the state evaluation unit is further configured to: determine the cell state associated with the state interval of each cell as the cell state of each cell; the state interval includes one of a healthy state interval, a decay interval, and a deterioration interval.

3. The battery balancing system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The state assessment unit is further configured to: determine that the health state parameter belongs to the health state interval when the health state parameter is greater than or equal to a first threshold; and determine that the health state parameter belongs to the decay interval when the health state parameter is greater than or equal to a second threshold and less than the first threshold. If the health status parameter is less than the second threshold, the health status parameter is determined to belong to the deterioration range; wherein the first threshold is greater than the second threshold.

4. The battery balancing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control module further includes: an equalization execution unit; the cell parameters further include: cell acquisition conditions; the equalization execution unit is further configured to: determine an equalization strategy based on the equalization parameters, and perform equalization processing on the cell to be equalized according to the equalization strategy; wherein, the equalization parameters include at least one of the following: voltage deviation, cell acquisition conditions of the cell to be equalized, and cell state of the cell to be equalized; the voltage deviation is determined based on the average voltage determined by the cell acquisition voltage of the cell to be equalized and the cell acquisition voltages of different cells; the equalization strategy includes: an active equalization strategy or a passive equalization strategy.

5. A battery balancing method, executed by a battery balancing system, characterized in that, include: Collect battery cell parameters for different battery cells; The cell parameters include: cell acquisition temperature, cell acquisition voltage, cell acquisition capacity, and cell acquisition internal resistance; and are further configured to, upon receiving a high-frequency acquisition command for each cell, adjust the initial acquisition frequency for each cell to the target acquisition frequency indicated by the high-frequency acquisition command, and acquire the cell parameters of each cell according to the target acquisition frequency; and are further configured to, upon receiving a termination high-frequency acquisition command for each cell, adjust the high-frequency acquisition command for each cell to the initial acquisition frequency; the termination high-frequency acquisition command is generated after multiple consecutive data points of each cell have been acquired and constitute a valid data segment, based on the valid data segment determining that the cell state of each cell has returned to the healthy state range; For each of the different battery cells, the capacity decay rate is determined based on the rated capacity and the cell acquisition capacity of each cell, and the internal resistance change rate of each cell is determined based on the rated internal resistance and the cell acquisition internal resistance of each cell. The initial health state parameter of each cell is determined by weighting the capacity decay rate with a first weight and the internal resistance change rate with a second weight, where the first weight is greater than the second weight. The initial health state parameter is then corrected based on the following formula: SOHcal = a × SOH0 + b, to obtain the health state parameter of each cell. The cell state of each cell is determined based on the state interval to which the health state parameter belongs. The cell state includes one of the following: healthy state, decay state, and deterioration state; a and b are correction coefficients obtained by fitting historical operating data of each cell. Based on the cell state of each cell, initial equalization parameters matching each cell are determined, and target equalization parameters are determined based on the following formula: Uset = Ubase - k × (T - T0); where Ubase refers to the initial equalization parameter; T refers to the cell sampling temperature of each cell; T0 refers to the preset reference temperature; T - T0 refers to the temperature difference of each cell; and K refers to the temperature compensation coefficient. The target equalization parameter is used to determine whether each cell is suitable for battery equalization; the temperature difference of each cell is determined based on the cell sampling temperature of each cell and the preset reference temperature; and the temperature compensation coefficient is obtained by adjusting the compensation reference coefficient matching the cell state of each cell based on the temperature difference. The target equalization parameters and cell sampling voltages of the different battery cells are compared to obtain a first comparison result. Cells whose first comparison result indicates that their sampling voltage is greater than the target equalization parameter, and whose second comparison result indicates that their voltage deviation is not within the voltage deviation range, are identified as cells to be equalized. Equalization processing is then performed on these cells. The second comparison result is obtained by comparing the voltage deviation of the different cells with a preset voltage deviation range. The voltage deviation of the different cells refers to the deviation between the average voltage determined by the sampling voltage of the different cells and the sampling voltage of the different cells. After equalization processing of the cells to be equalized, the maximum voltage difference and voltage standard deviation are determined based on the cell sampling voltages of the different cells; and the health degradation rate of the cells to be equalized is determined; if the maximum voltage difference, the voltage standard deviation, and the health degradation rate meet the set parameter adjustment conditions, the initial equalization parameters and temperature compensation coefficient matched with the cells to be equalized are corrected; wherein, the health degradation rate is determined based on the health parameters of the cells to be equalized before equalization processing and the health parameters of the cells to be equalized after equalization processing; When the cell state of each cell includes a deteriorated state or a decayed state, a high-frequency acquisition command is triggered for each cell, and the high-frequency acquisition command is sent to the data acquisition module to instruct the data acquisition module to acquire the cell parameters of each cell according to the target acquisition frequency indicated by the high-frequency acquisition command.

6. An electric vehicle, characterized in that, The battery equalization system and battery pack included in any one of claims 1-4, the battery pack comprising: different cells, the battery equalization system being used to perform equalization processing on each of the different cells.

7. An electrical appliance, characterized in that, The battery equalization system includes any one of claims 1-4 and different battery cells, wherein the battery equalization system is used to perform equalization processing on each of the different battery cells.

8. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium includes a stored program, wherein the program, when executed, performs the battery balancing method of claim 5.

9. An electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, characterized in that, The memory stores a computer program, and the processor is configured to execute the battery balancing method of claim 5 through the computer program.

10. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the battery balancing method of claim 5.

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