Wireless multi-uplink selection for mlo mesh networks

Abstract

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to wireless multi-uplink selection for MLO mesh networks. A method for optimizing a topology of a mesh network. The method includes determining a topology of the mesh network and a first access point (AP) to be joined to the mesh network. The method also includes determining a multi-uplink group between the first AP and a second AP. The method also includes determining a first number of sibling APs of the first AP and a second number of neighbor APs of the first AP by determining the second AP as a parent AP of the first AP. The method also includes determining a metric value for the multi-uplink group based on the first number of sibling APs and the second number of neighbor APs of the first AP. The method also includes joining the first AP to the mesh network according to the multi-uplink group based on determining that the metric value satisfies a predetermined condition.

Description

Background Technology

[0001] Mesh entrance points (MPPs) and mesh access points (MAPs) are key components in a mesh network. An MPP acts as a gateway between the mesh network and external networks, such as the Internet or a wired local area network (LAN). An MPP can be the root node in the mesh network, directly connected to the external network via Ethernet or other wired connections. A MAP is a node within the mesh network that facilitates wireless communication by extending the network's coverage and routing data packets. MAPs wirelessly connect to other MAPs and MPPs to form a self-organizing network.

[0002] Multilink Operation (MLO) is a feature introduced in Wi-Fi 7. MLO allows a non-AP multilink device (MLD) to discover, authenticate, associate, and establish multiple links with an AP MLD. Once the MLD setup process is complete, each link facilitates channel access and frame exchange between the non-AP MLD and the AP MLD. Attached Figure Description

[0003] The implementation of this disclosure can be understood from the following specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. According to industry standard practice, the various features are not drawn to scale. In fact, for clarity of discussion, the dimensions of the various features can be arbitrarily increased or decreased. Some examples of this disclosure are described with reference to the following drawings.

[0004] Figure 1 The illustration shows an example environment in which an example implementation of this disclosure can be carried out;

[0005] Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating an example of multiple uplinks between two APs according to an implementation of this disclosure is shown;

[0006] Figure 3 A schematic diagram illustrating an example of a competition and interference model for a mesh network according to an implementation of this disclosure is shown;

[0007] Figure 4 A schematic diagram illustrating an example of the impact of a new radio enabled by an AP according to an implementation of this disclosure on the AP's siblings and neighbors is shown;

[0008] Figure 5 A schematic diagram illustrating an example of an implementation of this disclosure for determining two phases of the uplink of an AP is shown.

[0009] Figure 6 A flowchart illustrating an example process for determining the initial phase of the uplink of an AP according to an implementation of this disclosure is shown;

[0010] Figure 7A schematic diagram illustrating an example of an implementation of this disclosure for determining the initial phase of an uplink of an AP is shown.

[0011] Figure 8 A flowchart illustrating an example process for determining the online optimization phase of the uplink of an AP according to an implementation of this disclosure is shown;

[0012] Figure 9 A schematic diagram illustrating an example of an implementation of this disclosure for determining the online optimization phase of an AP's uplink;

[0013] Figure 10 A flowchart illustrating an example process for optimizing the topology of a mesh network according to the present disclosure is shown;

[0014] Figure 11 A flowchart illustrating another example process for optimizing the topology of a mesh network according to an implementation of this disclosure is shown;

[0015] Figure 12 A diagram illustrating an example electronic device according to an implementation of this disclosure is shown; and

[0016] Figure 13 A diagram illustrating an example AP implemented according to this disclosure is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0017] In mesh networks, the selection and tuning of wireless mesh links for each modem (MAP) is a critical aspect. A well-optimized topology is essential for maximizing network capacity and ensuring overall efficiency. With the introduction of the latest Wi-Fi 7 standard, MLO functionality has significantly enhanced MAP throughput and capacity. However, existing metrics and algorithms for mesh networks still focus on single-link scenarios, making them only applicable to traditional Wi-Fi standards. The multi-uplink scenarios in the Wi-Fi 7 standard remain unresolved.

[0018] For example, a typical AP MLD has multiple links established on different radios, each with corresponding parameters such as Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), transmit power, channel utilization, traffic, and load. Traditional algorithms evaluate each uplink individually and select a single link from multiple links on multiple radios. However, a mesh AP MLD can maintain multiple uplinks simultaneously, encompassing a subset of all possible links (e.g., 5GHz+6GHz or 2.4GHz+5GHz+6GHz, etc.). Furthermore, using all links between two APs to transmit data might only slightly increase the transmission rate, but could have a significant negative impact on peer and neighboring APs. Therefore, enabling all links between two APs only yields a locally optimal solution, not a globally optimal one.

[0019] The scheme disclosed herein considers MLO characteristics and the impact of adding uplinks on other APs. Specifically, the Network Management System (NMS) can build the mesh network topology using a top-down incremental algorithm. Assuming some APs in the mesh network have already been added to the topology, the NMS can obtain a first AP (e.g., the first AP may have three links at 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 6 GHz) from APs not yet added to the topology, and a second AP (e.g., the second AP may also have three links at 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 6 GHz) from existing APs in the topology. The NMS can determine candidate multiple uplink groups (e.g., 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz) between the first and second APs. This means that data can be transmitted between the first and second APs via links in the multiple uplink groups. The NMS can then determine the number of sibling APs and neighbor APs of the first AP in the topology by treating the second AP as the parent AP of the first AP. The NMS can then determine a metric for the candidate multiple uplink groups based on the number of sibling APs and neighbor APs of the first AP, which indicates the capacity of the candidate multiple uplink groups. If the metric meets the predetermined conditions, NMS can add the first AP to the topology based on the candidate multiple uplink groups.

[0020] In this way, mesh networks can transmit data through multiple uplinks between access points (APs), thereby improving mesh network performance. Furthermore, in an established mesh network, contention between sibling APs and interference between neighboring APs can be reduced, further enhancing mesh network performance.

[0021] Figure 1 The illustration shows an example environment 100 in which an example implementation of this disclosure can be carried out. For example... Figure 1 As shown, environment 100 includes server 102 and mesh network 104. Mesh network 104 includes MPP 106 and APs 108-1, 108-2, 108-3, 108-4, 108-5, 108-6, and 108-7 (also collectively referred to as AP 108). MPP 106 connects mesh network 104 to external wired or wireless networks, enabling devices within mesh network 104 to communicate with the Internet or other external resources. AP 108 can extend the reach of the wireless network by routing traffic between client devices and MPP 106 or other APs in mesh network 104.

[0022] In Environment 100, MPP 106 and AP 108 are AP MLDs. AP MLDs support multiple simultaneous links (e.g., 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 6 GHz) for communication with client devices or other APs. This allows bandwidth and resources to be aggregated across multiple channels, resulting in higher throughput and better performance. Multiple Uplink Groups (MULGs) refer to the aggregation of multiple wireless uplink connections between APs utilizing multiple frequency bands or radios. MULGs enable APs to maintain multiple active uplinks to another AP or MPP. These uplinks can work together to transmit and receive data, providing higher aggregate throughput and reliability.

[0023] In environment 100, MPP 106 and AP 108 can communicate with network management system (NMS) 132 deployed on server 102. MPP 106 and AP 108 can scan their radios to obtain information associated with these APs (e.g., radio capabilities and information about neighboring APs). MPP 106 and AP 108 can then report their scan results to NMS 132. Thus, NMS 132 can obtain information about all these APs from a global perspective.

[0024] In environment 100, NMS132 can rebuild the topology of mesh network 104 after acquiring information from MPP 106 and AP 108 to optimize the performance of mesh network 104. NMS132 can build the new topology of mesh network 104 using a top-down incremental algorithm. For example, as... Figure 1 As shown, NMS132 has established topology 122. In topology 122, MPP 106 is the root node of the tree structure. APs 108-1, 108-2, and 108-3 are connected to MPP 106. Therefore, MPP 106 is the parent AP of APs 108-1, 108-2, and 108-3, while APs 108-1, 108-2, and 108-3 are child APs of MPP 106. Services can be transmitted from APs 108-1, 108-2, and 108-3 to MPP 106 via uplink. Furthermore, APs 108-4 and 108-5 are connected to AP 108-1. Therefore, AP 108-1 is the parent AP of APs 108-4 and 108-5, while APs 108-4 and 108-5 are child APs of AP 108-1. Services can be transmitted from AP 108-4 and 108-5 to AP 108-1 via the uplink.

[0025] The next step is to add one of APs 108-6 and 108-7 to topology 122 to form a new topology. In environment 100, AP 108-1 may include radio 110 (e.g., 2.4 GHz), radio 112 (e.g., 5 GHz), and radio 114 (e.g., 6 GHz). AP 108-6 may include radio 116 (e.g., 2.4 GHz), radio 118 (e.g., 5 GHz), and radio 120 (e.g., 6 GHz). When NMS 132 determines AP 108-1 as the parent AP of AP 108-6, there may be several candidate MULGs between AP 108-1 and AP 108-6. Candidate MULGs may include: MULGs including uplink 124 from radio 116 to radio 110; MULGs including uplink 126 from radio 118 to radio 112; MULGs including uplink 128 from radio 120 to radio 114; MULGs including uplinks 124 and 126; MULGs including uplinks 124 and 128; MULGs including uplinks 126 and 128; and MULGs including uplinks 124, 126, and 128. Furthermore, when NMS132 determines AP 108-1 as the parent AP of AP 108-7, other candidate MULGs may exist between AP 108-1 and AP 108-7.

[0026] In environment 100, NMS132 can select candidate MULGs, for example, MULG130 including uplinks 124 and 126. Then, NMS132 can determine the sibling AP of AP 108-6 in topology 122 and the neighbor AP of AP 108-6 in topology 122. Figure 1 In topology 122, APs 108-4, 108-5, and 108-6 share the same parent AP (i.e., AP 108-1). Therefore, the sibling APs of AP 108-6 in topology 122 can include APs 108-4 and 108-5. Furthermore, the neighboring APs of AP 108-6 in topology 122 can include APs 108-2 and 108-3.

[0027] In environment 100, NMS132 can determine the metric for MULG 130 based on the number of sibling APs of AP 108-6 and the number of neighboring APs of AP 108-6. The metric for MULG can indicate the capacity of MULG. MULG capacity refers to the combined data transmission capacity of all links within the group. For example, MULG capacity can be the data rate of MULG.

[0028] After obtaining the metric for MULG 130, NMS132 can determine whether the metric meets predetermined conditions. In some implementations, NMS132 can generate a new topology by adding AP 108-6 to topology 122 according to MULG 130, and determine a comprehensive metric for the new topology based on the metric for MULG 130. The comprehensive metric for the new topology can indicate the overall capacity of the new topology. In some implementations, the predetermined condition may be that the comprehensive metric for the new topology is the maximum of multiple comprehensive metrics determined for all candidate MULGs. In some implementations, the predetermined condition may be that the comprehensive metric for the new topology meets a predetermined threshold.

[0029] If NMS132 determines that the metric for MULG 130 meets the predetermined conditions, NMS132 can add AP 108-6 to topology 122 and enable uplinks 124 and 126 based on MULG 130. If the metric for MULG 130 does not meet the predetermined conditions, NMS132 can add AP 108-6 or AP 108-7 based on another MULG.

[0030] In this way, the mesh network 104 can transmit data through multiple uplinks between APs, thereby improving the performance of the mesh network 104. Furthermore, in the established mesh network 104, contention between sibling APs and interference between neighboring APs can be reduced. Therefore, the performance of the mesh network 104 can be further improved.

[0031] In some implementations, NMS can calculate metrics for MULG based on a metric determination algorithm. This algorithm considers both the radio parameters of the AP and contention and interference among multiple mesh nodes. A link attenuation coefficient can be introduced to quantify the attenuation effects caused by interference and contention. A comprehensive metric for the AP can then be defined to represent its actual capacity within the overall network topology. This metric determination algorithm improves the accuracy of capacity assessment for mesh nodes in MLD mesh networks. This enhanced evaluation provides valuable insights for optimizing the entire mesh network, thereby improving its overall performance and efficiency.

[0032] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of example 200 illustrating multiple uplinks between two APs according to an implementation of this disclosure is shown. Figure 2As shown, Example 200 includes MPP 202 and AP 204, where MPP 202 and AP 204 are MLDs. MPP 202 and AP 204 can have multiple radios operating on multiple radio frequency bands. According to the Wi-Fi 7 standard, MLD mesh points can simultaneously establish uplinks on all their available radios, thus forming a MULG. Figure 2 As shown, MPP 202 and AP 204 can have three different radios on corresponding frequency bands (e.g., 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 6 GHz). Up to three links can be established on these radios, such as links 206, 208, and 210. For example, a three-link MULG 212 can be formed between MPP 202 and AP 204.

[0033] MULG's capacity C ∑ It can be calculated by a single link L on the radio i Capacity per link C i The sum is used to determine the link L. i It belongs to this MULG, and i indicates the index of this link. The capacity C of the MULG is... ∑ It can be calculated using equation (1) as follows:

[0034]

[0035] For example, in Figure 2 In this process, the capacities of link 206, link 208, and link 210 can be determined. Then, the capacity of MULG 212 can be determined by calculating the sum of the capacities of link 206, link 208, and link 210.

[0036] Ideally, in the absence of interference, link L i capacity C i The theoretical maximum data rate can be achieved. The theoretical maximum data rate can be determined based on the radio's RF parameters and the negotiated highest modulation and coding scheme (MCS) index. The negotiated highest MCS index can be based on link L... i The bandwidth, number of spatial streams (NSS), and capacity of the link are used to determine this. i Actual capacity C i It can be estimated as follows using equation (2):

[0037] C i =f i ·R i

[0038] Where R i =γ(bandwidth, nss, capacity) (2) where, R iIdentified on link L i Given bandwidth, NSS, and capacity, link L i The theoretical maximum data rate. Furthermore, the function γ denotes the function that determines the theoretical maximum data rate based on bandwidth, NSS, and capacity. Additionally, the link attenuation coefficient f... i Indicates link L caused by contention and interference. i The capacity decays.

[0039] For example, in Figure 2 In this process, the theoretical maximum data rate corresponding to links 206, 208, and 210 can be determined based on their bandwidth, NSS, and capacity. Furthermore, the link attenuation coefficients corresponding to links 206, 208, and 210 can be determined. Then, the capacity of these links can be calculated based on their theoretical maximum data rates and attenuation coefficients.

[0040] When contention and interference are considered, the actual link capacity decreases accordingly. For mesh nodes, their sibling nodes can share the upstream capacity of their parent node. Furthermore, neighboring nodes may introduce channel interference, further reducing the actual data rate. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of example 300 illustrating a competition and interference model for a mesh network according to an implementation of the present disclosure is shown.

[0041] like Figure 3 As shown, Example 300 includes AP 302. AP 302 can be connected to its parent AP 304 via link 314. Furthermore, in Example 300, APs 306 and 308 are also connected to the parent AP 304, and they are siblings of AP 302 on the radio corresponding to link 314. Additionally, in Example 300, APs 310, 312, and 314 are neighbors of AP 302 on the radio corresponding to link 314.

[0042] As mentioned above, the link attenuation coefficient f i Link L can be identified due to contention and interference. i The link attenuation factor indicates the proportion of media resources that an AP can acquire relative to its siblings and neighbors. In some implementations, the contention attenuation factor P can be determined based on the number of AP's siblings. i Competition attenuation coefficient P i It can indicate link L caused by competition between AP and its sibling. i The actual capacity attenuation. In some implementations, the interference attenuation factor T can be determined based on the number of AP's neighbors. i Interference attenuation coefficient T iIt can indicate link L caused by interference between the AP and its neighbors. i The actual capacity decay. Therefore, it can be based on the competing decay coefficient P. i and interference attenuation coefficient T i Determine the link attenuation coefficient f i For example, the link attenuation coefficient f i It can be calculated using equation (3) as follows:

[0043]

[0044] Where, N S Indicated in link L i The corresponding number of siblings of the AP on the same radio, N R The number of neighbors of an AP on the same radio, excluding its siblings, is indicated. α and β are weighting factors that represent the influence of siblings and neighbors on the radio, respectively. The identifier maps the number of siblings and the number of neighbors to the link attenuation coefficient f. i The function. Furthermore, in equation (3), It can indicate the competing attenuation coefficient P i ,and It can indicate the interference attenuation coefficient T i .

[0045] Then, a single link L i Actual capacity C i It can be rewritten as equation (4) as follows:

[0046]

[0047] For an AP with multiple uplinks, its actual MULG capacity can be rewritten as equation (5) as follows:

[0048]

[0049] Considering the losses and attenuation effects along multi-hop paths, an end-to-end metric for an AP can be determined based on the hop count from the MPP (i.e., the root node) to the AP and the attenuation factor per hop. The end-to-end metric for an AP indicates the capacity that the AP can ultimately obtain from the MPP through its multi-hop connections. For example, the end-to-end metric M for an AP... AP It can be calculated using equation (6) as follows:

[0050]

[0051] Where λ (0 < λ < 1) indicates the hop decay factor, and h indicates the hop count from MPP to AP.

[0052] For an individual AP, adding more radios to its MULG can increase its overall metric, since total capacity is the aggregate sum of the capacities of each individual link. However, enabling additional uplinks on an AP's radios can affect the link attenuation factor for other APs utilizing the same radios. Figure 4 A schematic diagram of example 400 is shown illustrating the effect of a new radio that enables an AP according to an implementation of this disclosure on the AP's siblings and neighbors.

[0053] like Figure 4 As shown, AP 402 is AP j The parent node of AP. j AP 402 can be connected via link 404 on a radio (e.g., 2.4 GHz). Furthermore, the AP... k It might be AP j The neighbor of link 404 is located on the same radio as the link 404. In example 400, if access from the AP on the same radio is enabled... i The new link 406 to AP 402, then AP j Number of brothers and AP k The number of neighbors All of these could increase, leading to a reduction in the effectiveness of AP. j and AP k Link attenuation coefficient f j and f k All decrease. Link attenuation coefficient f j and f k It can be expressed by equation (7) as follows:

[0054]

[0055] in, AP j The number of neighbors, and AP k The number of brothers.

[0056] Therefore, increasing the metric for one AP by enabling additional radios may result in a decrease in the metric for another AP due to the introduction of contention and interference.

[0057] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of example 500, illustrating an implementation according to this disclosure, is shown for determining two phases of the uplink of an AP. (See diagram for example 50 ... Figure 5 As shown, Example 500 includes an initial phase 502 and an online optimization phase. In the initial phase 502, the APs are not connected to the NMS when they are booted up (e.g., Figure 1(NMS134 in [reference]). Therefore, each AP can select the locally optimal MULG from the perspective of an individual AP. In some implementations, in the initial phase 502, the AP can use a constrained greedy algorithm to select the uplink to the parent AP from the available uplinks. The constrained greedy algorithm can use a ratio threshold associated with the uplink capacity to constrain whether the AP's uplink is enabled. The mesh network can then be built based on the uplink selected by the AP. In this way, less efficient uplinks can be disabled, thereby reducing contention and interference in the corresponding frequency band and improving the overall performance of the mesh network.

[0058] After establishing the mesh network, in online optimization phase 504, the APs can communicate with the NMS. Therefore, the NMS can obtain information about the APs in the mesh network. Then, based on the AP information, the NMS can optimize the mesh network topology from a global perspective. In online optimization phase 504, the NMS can use a top-down incremental algorithm to establish an optimized mesh network topology. Therefore, when the NMS adds a new AP to the existing topology, it can determine the number of siblings and neighbors of that AP, and based on the AP's information, the number of siblings, and the number of neighbors, determine whether to add the AP to the topology and which uplinks to enable. In this way, a globally optimized mesh network topology can be determined, thereby improving the mesh network's performance.

[0059] Figure 6 A flowchart illustrating an example process 600 for determining the initial phase of an AP's uplink according to an implementation of this disclosure is shown. This process 600 can be implemented by the AP. Figure 6 As shown, at block 602, the AP can scan its radios to obtain the capabilities of those radios, their siblings, and their neighbors. Furthermore, during the initial phase, the AP has not yet connected to any parent AP. Therefore, the AP can obtain a list of candidate parent APs in the mesh network.

[0060] At block 604, the AP can select an initial parent AP and a primary uplink radio. Based on the scan results, the AP can evaluate the metric values ​​for a single uplink with each candidate parent AP on all its radios. For example, if the AP has three radios and two candidate parent APs, it can evaluate six metrics for six single uplinks. The AP can then determine the single uplink with the largest metric value as the primary uplink and determine the parent AP corresponding to that primary uplink as its initial parent AP. For the primary uplink L... i,n The metric value M′ i,n It can be expressed by equation (8) as follows:

[0061]

[0062] Among them, C i,n Identifying the primary uplink L i,n The capacity, i indicates the primary uplink L i,n The radio index, n indicates the index of the initial parent AP, and h n Indicates the hop count of the initial parent AP.

[0063] At block 606, the AP can use a constrained greedy algorithm to select additional uplinks. As mentioned above, adding more uplinks to the MULG may increase the metric for one AP, but may decrease the metric for another AP due to contention and interference. Considering the benefits of adding uplinks and the attenuating effects on other APs, a constrained greedy algorithm can be used to add additional uplinks, including the primary uplink, to the MULG during the initial phase.

[0064] Determine the initial parent AP and primary uplink L i,n Afterwards, the AP can assess the remaining link L. j,n capacity C j,n Where j≠i. AP can determine link L j,n capacity C j,n and the main uplink L i,n capacity C i,n Does the predetermined condition meet? If AP determines capacity C j,n and capacity C i,n If the predetermined conditions are met, the AP can connect link L j,n Joining the main uplink L i,n In MULG, this enables the link L in the mesh network topology. j,n In some implementations, the AP can determine the capacity C. j,n With the main uplink L i,n capacity C i,n The ratio. If this ratio is greater than a predetermined ratio threshold ΔC, then AP can determine the capacity C. j,n and capacity C i,n The predetermined condition is met. This condition can be expressed by equation (9) as follows:

[0065] C j,n ≥ΔC·C i,n (9)

[0066] In this way, additional uplinks with acceptable quality can be enabled in a mesh network, while unreasonable uplinks can be filtered out. The constrained greedy algorithm prevents unrestricted use of a particular channel, which could lead to overcongestion and degrade the performance of other APs operating on the same channel. Therefore, the performance of the mesh network can be improved.

[0067] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of example 700, illustrating an implementation according to this disclosure, is shown for determining the initial phase of the uplink of an AP. (See diagram below.) Figure 7 As shown, Example 700 includes APs 702, 704, and 706, where each AP has three radios. AP 702 needs to determine the uplinks to be enabled in the initial phase. AP 702 can determine that APs 704 and 706 are candidate parent APs. AP 702 can then scan each radio to obtain the capabilities of that radio, its sibling APs on that radio, and its neighboring APs on that radio.

[0068] like Figure 7 As shown, in Example 700, there are three uplinks 708, 710, and 712 from AP 702 to candidate parent AP 704, and three uplinks 714, 716, and 718 from AP 702 to candidate parent AP 706. AP 702 can calculate the six capacities of the six uplinks based on its capacity, the number of siblings, and the number of neighbors. For example, the capacity of uplink 712 could be the largest of these six capacities. Therefore, AP 702 can select uplink 712 as the primary uplink according to equation (8).

[0069] Since uplink 712 is selected as the primary uplink, AP 704 can be designated as the initial parent AP. AP 702 can then determine whether to enable an additional uplink between AP 702 and AP 704. AP 704 can compare the capacity of uplink 708 with the capacity of uplink 712. If the capacity of uplink 708 and the capacity of uplink 712 satisfy equation (9), then AP 702 can enable uplink 708 in the initial phase. Furthermore, AP 702 can also compare the capacity of uplink 710 with the capacity of uplink 712. If the capacity of uplink 710 and the capacity of uplink 712 satisfy equation (9), then AP 702 can also enable uplink 710 in the initial phase.

[0070] In this way, the primary uplink with the highest capacity can be enabled in the mesh network established in the initial stage. Furthermore, additional uplinks with high capacity can be enabled, while low-capacity uplinks are filtered out. Therefore, contention and interference between access points (APs) can be reduced, and the performance of the mesh network can be improved.

[0071] After the initial phase is complete, the uplinks for each AP only need to be bootstrapped to reach an initial state with good capacity, while avoiding excessive contention and interference with other nodes. However, for the network as a whole, the per-AP greedy strategy in the initial phase cannot guarantee a globally optimized topology because the APs do not consider the capacity of other nodes. For each AP, after establishing an uplink and connecting to its parent node during the initial phase, it will also connect to the NMS and report its scan results. The NMS can then collect information from all APs, thus providing a global view of the network.

[0072] During the online optimization phase, the sum of metrics for all access points (APs) in the topology can be calculated as the overall metric for the topology. This overall metric indicates the total capacity of the topology. The overall metric M for the topology... ∑ It can be calculated using equation (10) as follows:

[0073]

[0074] Among them, AP k The AP with index k is h k Indication from MPP to AP k Jump count, AP k The capacity, and MULG k Indication for AP k Multiple uplink groups.

[0075] It should be noted that in equation (10), the MPP that is directly connected to the backbone via Ethernet can be omitted because its capacity is fixed and only related to the Ethernet uplink.

[0076] According to equation (10), the overall metric M is found. ∑ The maximum value is a complex optimization problem with a huge solution space because each AP may be connected to potential parent nodes through various MULG combinations.

[0077] NMS can utilize an intuitive top-down incremental algorithm to search for improved metrics. For example, topology T n It can include n nodes. NMS can determine how to select candidate APs by choosing the optimal parent node and uplink. n+1 Added to this topology, thus forming a larger topology T. n+1By using this incremental strategy, the entire network topology can be built step by step. In this top-down approach, APs with fewer hops may have a higher priority to obtain optimized capacity compared to leaf nodes. This aligns with the tree-like structure of mesh networks, where APs with fewer hops require higher capacity to efficiently deliver downstream data.

[0078] Figure 8 A flowchart illustrating an example process 800 for determining the online optimization phase of an AP's uplink according to an implementation of this disclosure is shown. Example process 800 can be implemented by an NMS. In process 800, for the current topology, the NMS selects a tuple consisting of the parent AP, the child AP, and the MULG between the parent and child APs. The parent AP is part of the current topology, while the child AP is outside the current topology. Compared to other potential tuples, the selected tuple maximizes the metric for an expanded topology with n+1 nodes.

[0079] At block 802, NMS can enumerate all candidate tuples. For each AP belonging to the current topology, every possible sub-AP located outside the current topology is considered. NMS can determine all potential MULGs between two APs, covering all possible combinations of their available radios.

[0080] At block 804, NMS can compute the overall metric for a new topology with candidate tuples. For a candidate tuple, NMS can construct a new topology with n+1 nodes, where child APs can be connected to parent APs via MULGs in the candidate tuples. The overall metric for the new topology can be computed using equation (10).

[0081] At block 806, NMS can select the optimal tuple and add the sub-APs in the optimal tuple to the topology. By calculating the overall metric for each candidate tuple, NMS can select the tuple with the largest overall metric as the optimal tuple. By repeating process 800, all APs can be added to the topology one by one, thereby constructing an optimized topology for the mesh network.

[0082] In this way, NMS can manage the entire mesh network from a global perspective. By using a top-down incremental algorithm, the optimal uplink can be identified, thereby improving overall network performance.

[0083] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of example 900, illustrating an implementation according to this disclosure, is shown for determining the online optimization phase of the uplink of an AP. (See diagram 900 for example 900.) Figure 9 As shown, Example 900 includes MPP, AP m AP l AP n APp and AP q NMS can determine the current topology T of a mesh network. n , where topology T n It already includes MPP and AP m AP l and AP n NMS can evaluate all possible sub-APs for them, such as APs p and AP q Subsequently, NMS can identify all potential MULGs, including MULGs. n,p,i MULG n,p,i Indicate parent AP n With sub-AP p The MULG between, and i indicates an index for a specific combination of multiple uplinks.

[0084] In Example 900, NMS can determine the tuple (AP). n AP p ,MULG n,p,i Then based on tuples (AP) n AP p ,MULG n,p,i Construct a new topology containing n+1 nodes, where sub-APs p Through MULG n,p,i And connected to the parent AP n For a new topology T consisting of n+1 nodes n+1 The overall metric can be calculated using equation (10). Other nodes are excluded and ignored, including the calculation of the number of siblings and neighbors of the n+1 nodes.

[0085] In Example 900, the tuple (AP) n AP p ,MULG n,p,i It may have the largest overall metric. Therefore, AP can be... p Add to the current topology T n In the middle, and AP q Unable to be added to topology T n Therefore, a larger topology T can be constructed. n+1 .

[0086] Figure 10 A flowchart illustrating an example process 1000 for optimizing the topology of a mesh network according to an implementation of this disclosure is shown. Process 1000 can be implemented by an electronic device (e.g., a server) or an NMS deployed on an electronic device. Figure 10As shown, at block 1002, the NMS can determine the topology of the mesh network and the first AP to be added to the mesh network, the topology including a second AP, both of which are multi-link devices. At block 1004, the NMS can determine a multi-uplink group between the first and second APs, the multi-uplink group including one or more uplinks from the first AP to the second AP. At block 1006, by determining the second AP as the parent AP of the first AP, the NMS can determine a first number of sibling APs of the first AP in the topology and a second number of neighboring APs of the first AP in the topology. At block 1008, the NMS can determine a metric for the multi-uplink group based on the first number of sibling APs and the second number of neighboring APs of the first AP, the metric indicating the capacity of the multi-uplink group. At block 1010, the NMS can add the first AP to the mesh network based on determining that the metric meets predetermined conditions, according to the multi-uplink group.

[0087] In this way, mesh networks can transmit data through multiple uplinks between access points (APs), thereby improving mesh network performance. Furthermore, in an established mesh network, contention between sibling APs and interference between neighboring APs can be reduced, further enhancing mesh network performance.

[0088] Figure 11 A flowchart illustrating another example process 1100 for optimizing the topology of a mesh network according to an implementation of this disclosure is shown. This process 1100 can be implemented by an AP. Figure 11 As shown, at block 1102, the first AP can obtain a first number of its sibling APs and a second number of its neighboring APs by scanning its radio, where the first AP is a multi-link device. At block 1104, the first AP can determine the uplink from the first AP to the second AP on the radio. At block 1106, the first AP can determine a metric for the uplink based on the first number of sibling APs and the second number of neighboring APs, which indicates the uplink capacity. At block 1108, the first AP can enable the uplink for data transmission in the mesh network based on determining that the metric meets predetermined conditions.

[0089] In this way, mesh networks can transmit data through multiple uplinks between access points (APs), thereby improving mesh network performance. Furthermore, it reduces contention and interference between APs, further enhancing mesh network performance.

[0090] Figure 12 A diagram illustrating an example electronic device 1200 according to an implementation of this disclosure is shown. Figure 12As shown, the electronic device 1200 includes at least one processor 1210 and a memory 1220 coupled to the at least one processor 1210. The memory 1220 stores instructions 1221, 1222, 1223 and 1224 to cause the processor 1210 to perform operations implemented according to examples of this disclosure.

[0091] like Figure 12 As shown, memory 1220 stores instruction 1221 for determining the topology of a mesh network and a first AP to be added to the mesh network, the topology including a second AP, the first AP and the second AP being multi-link devices. Memory 1220 also stores instruction 1222 for determining a multiple uplink group between the first AP and the second AP, the multiple uplink group including one or more uplinks from the first AP to the second AP. Memory 1220 also stores instruction 1223 for determining a first number of sibling APs of the first AP in the topology and a second number of neighbor APs of the first AP in the topology by determining the second AP as the parent AP of the first AP. Memory 1220 also stores instruction 1224 for determining a metric for the multiple uplink group based on the first number of sibling APs of the first AP and the second number of neighbor APs of the first AP, the metric indicating the capacity of the multiple uplink group. Memory 1220 also stores instruction 1225 for adding the first AP to the mesh network according to the multiple uplink group based on the determination that the metric meets predetermined conditions.

[0092] The above implementation can be used as a reference to understand the stored instructions and the functions they can perform. For the sake of brevity, the details of instructions 1221, 1222, 1223, 1224, and 1225 will not be discussed further in this article.

[0093] Figure 13 A diagram illustrating an example AP 1300 according to an implementation of this disclosure is shown. Figure 13 As shown, AP1300 includes at least one processor 1310, a memory 1320 coupled to the at least one processor 1310, at least one antenna 1330, at least one radio 1340, an Ethernet interface 1350, a management interface 1360, and a power interface 1370. The memory 1320 stores instructions 1321, 1322, 1323, and 1324 to cause the processor 1310 to perform operations according to the implementation of this disclosure.

[0094] like Figure 13As shown, memory 1320 stores instruction 1321 for obtaining a first number of sibling APs and a second number of neighboring APs of the first AP by scanning the radio of the first AP, wherein the first AP is a multi-link device. Memory 1320 also stores instruction 1322 for determining an uplink on the radio from the first AP to the second AP. Memory 1320 also stores instruction 1323 for determining a metric for the uplink based on the first number of sibling APs and the second number of neighboring APs, the metric indicating uplink capacity. Memory 1320 also stores instruction 1324 for enabling the uplink for data transmission in the mesh network based on determining that the metric meets predetermined conditions.

[0095] The above implementation can be used to understand the stored instructions and the functions they can perform. For the sake of brevity, the details of instructions 1321, 1322, 1323, and 1324 will not be discussed further in this article.

[0096] At least one antenna 1330 in the AP 1300 is a key component that allows the AP 1300 to communicate with wireless devices such as laptops, smartphones, and tablets. The primary function of the at least one antenna 1330 can be to transmit and receive wireless signals, converting electrical signals into radio waves for outgoing communication and vice versa for incoming signals.

[0097] At least one radio 1340 in the AP 1300 is responsible for wireless communication. This at least one radio 1340 can handle the conversion of data between wired and wireless forms, enabling the AP 1300 to transmit and receive data over the air. During modulation, digital data from a wired network can be converted into radio waves for wireless transmission. During demodulation, incoming radio waves can be converted back into digital data that the AP 1300 can process. At least one radio 1340 can operate on a specific frequency band (such as the 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, or 6 GHz band). By selecting an appropriate channel to minimize interference, at least one radio 1340 can ensure effective communication. The performance of at least one radio 1340 can be defined by various Wi-Fi standards, including 802.11a / b / g / n / ac / ax, while newer standards like Wi-Fi 6 and Wi-Fi 7 offer higher speeds, efficiency, and capacity.

[0098] The Ethernet interface 1350 in the AP 1300 can be used to connect the AP 1300 to a local network, thus providing a bridge between the wired and wireless segments of the network. The AP 1300 can connect to a router, switch, or directly to the Internet via the Ethernet interface 1350, enabling wireless devices to communicate with other network resources and the wider Internet. The Ethernet interface supports various speeds, including Fast Ethernet (e.g., 100Mbps), Gigabit Ethernet (e.g., 1Gbps), and even multi-gigabit Ethernet.

[0099] The management interface 1360 in the AP 1300 allows network administrators to configure, monitor, and manage the AP 1300's settings and performance. The management interface 1360 can be accessed in various ways, such as a web browser, command-line interface (CLI), or network management protocols like Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). Through the management interface 1360, administrators can set and modify SSID, security protocols, VLANs, and other operational parameters, thereby ensuring the AP 1300 operates effectively in the network environment.

[0100] The power interface 1370 in the AP 1300 provides the necessary power to the device, ensuring smooth and efficient operation. This can be achieved by directly powering the device using an AC adapter connected to a power outlet, or via Power over Ethernet (PoE), which uses the same Ethernet cable used for data transmission.

[0101] Program code or instructions for performing the methods of this disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. This program code or instructions may be provided to a processor or controller of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that, when executed by the processor or controller, the program code enables the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code or instructions may be executed entirely on a machine, partially on a machine, as a standalone software package, partially on a machine and partially on a remote machine, or entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0102] In the context of this disclosure, a machine-readable medium can be any tangible medium that can contain or store a program that can be used by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. A machine-readable medium can be a machine-readable signal medium or a machine-readable storage medium. A machine-readable medium can be, but is not limited to, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, device, or any suitable combination thereof. More specific examples of machine-readable storage media include electrical connections having one or more lines, portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fiber, portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0103] Furthermore, although the operations are depicted in a specific order, this should not be construed as requiring that these operations must be performed in the specific or sequential order shown, or that all illustrated operations must be performed to achieve the desired result. In some cases, multitasking and parallel processing may be more advantageous. Certain features described in the context of separate implementations can also be implemented in a single implementation. Conversely, various features described in the context of a single implementation can also be implemented separately in multiple implementations or in any suitable sub-combination.

[0104] In the foregoing specific embodiments of this disclosure, reference has been made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part thereof, illustrating examples of how this disclosure can be practiced. These examples are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the examples of this disclosure, and it should be understood that other examples may be utilized and process, electrical, and / or structural changes may be made without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A method comprising: Determine the topology of the mesh network and the first access point (AP) to be added to the mesh network, the topology including a second AP, the first AP and the second AP being multi-link devices; Determine a multiple uplink group between the first AP and the second AP, the multiple uplink group including one or more uplinks from the first AP to the second AP; By determining the second AP as the parent AP of the first AP, a first number of sibling APs of the first AP in the topology and a second number of neighbor APs of the first AP in the topology are determined. A metric for the multiple uplink group is determined based on the first number of sibling APs of the first AP and the second number of neighboring APs, the metric indicating the capacity of the multiple uplink group; as well as Based on the determination that the metric value meets predetermined conditions, the first AP is added to the mesh network according to the multiple uplink groups.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the topology is a first topology, and determining that the metric satisfies the predetermined condition comprises: The second topology is generated by adding the first AP to the first topology according to the multiple uplink groups; A comprehensive metric for the second topology is determined based on the metrics for the multiple uplink groups, the comprehensive metric indicating the overall capacity of the second topology; as well as The metric is determined to satisfy the predetermined condition by determining that the comprehensive metric for the second topology satisfies the predetermined condition.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the multiple uplink group is a first multiple uplink group, the comprehensive metric is a first comprehensive metric, and determining that the comprehensive metric for the second topology satisfies the predetermined condition includes: Multiple candidate topologies are generated based on multiple candidate uplink groups, wherein the multiple candidate uplink groups include the first multiple uplink group, and the multiple candidate topologies include the second topology; Determine multiple comprehensive metrics for the multiple candidate topologies, the multiple comprehensive metrics including the first comprehensive metric; as well as By determining that the first comprehensive metric value is the maximum value among the plurality of comprehensive metric values, it is determined that the first comprehensive metric value for the second topology satisfies the predetermined condition.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the multi-link group includes a first uplink, and determining the metric for the multi-uplink group based on the first number of sibling APs of the first AP and the second number of neighbor APs comprises: Determine the maximum data rate of the first uplink; The attenuation coefficient is determined based on the first number of sibling APs of the first AP and the second number of neighboring APs; The actual capacity of the first uplink is determined based on the maximum data rate and the attenuation coefficient. as well as The metric for the multi-uplink group is determined based on the actual capacity of the first uplink.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein determining the attenuation coefficient based on the first number of sibling APs of the first AP and the second number of neighboring APs comprises: A first coefficient is determined based on the first number of sibling APs of the first AP, the first coefficient indicating a first attenuation of the actual capacity of the first uplink caused by competition between the first AP and its sibling APs; A second coefficient is determined based on the second number of neighboring APs of the first AP, the second coefficient indicating a second attenuation of the actual capacity of the first uplink caused by interference between the first AP and its neighboring APs; as well as The attenuation coefficient is determined based on the first coefficient and the second coefficient.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein the actual capacity of the first uplink is a first actual capacity, the multi-link group further includes a second uplink, and determining the metric for the multi-uplink group based on the actual capacity of the first uplink includes: Determine the second actual capacity of the second uplink; The total actual capacity for the multi-link group is determined based on the first actual capacity and the second actual capacity. as well as The metric for the multiple uplink groups is determined based on the total actual capacity.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein determining the metric for the multiple uplink groups based on the total actual capacity comprises: Determine the hop count from the first AP to the root AP of the mesh network; Obtain the decay factor per hop; as well as The metric for the multi-uplink group is determined based on the total actual capacity, the hop count, and the per-hop attenuation factor.

8. The method of claim 4, wherein determining the maximum data rate of the first uplink comprises: Obtain the bandwidth, number of spatial streams, and capacity of the first uplink; as well as The maximum data rate of the first uplink is determined based on the bandwidth of the first uplink, the number of spatial streams, and the capability.

9. A method comprising: The first access point (AP) obtains a first number of its sibling APs and a second number of its neighboring APs by scanning the radio of the first AP, wherein the first AP is a multi-link device. The uplink from the first AP to the second AP on the radio is determined by the first AP; The first AP determines a metric for the uplink based on the first number of sibling APs and the second number of neighboring APs, the metric indicating the capacity of the uplink; as well as The first AP enables the uplink for data transmission in the mesh network based on the determination that the metric value meets predetermined conditions.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the uplink is a first uplink, the metric is a first metric, and determining that the metric satisfies the predetermined condition comprises: Identify multiple candidate uplinks associated with multiple candidate parent APs of the first AP, the multiple candidate uplinks including the first uplink; Determine multiple metrics for the multiple candidate uplinks; as well as The first metric is determined to satisfy the predetermined condition by determining that the first metric is the maximum value among the plurality of metrics.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein the uplink is a first uplink, the metric for the first uplink is a first metric, the predetermined condition is a first predetermined condition, and the method further comprises: After enabling the first uplink, a second uplink from the first AP to the second AP is determined; Determine a second metric for the second uplink; as well as Determine that the first metric value and the second metric value satisfy a second predetermined condition; as well as The second uplink is enabled for data transmission within the mesh network.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein determining that the first metric and the second metric satisfy the predetermined condition comprises: Determine the ratio of the second metric to the first metric; as well as By determining that the ratio is greater than a predetermined ratio threshold, it is determined that the first metric and the second metric satisfy the predetermined condition.

13. The method of claim 9, wherein determining the metric for the uplink based on the first number of sibling APs and the second number of neighboring APs comprises: Determine the maximum data rate of the uplink; The attenuation coefficient is determined based on the first number of sibling APs of the first AP and the second number of neighboring APs; The actual capacity of the uplink is determined based on the maximum data rate and the attenuation coefficient. as well as The metric for the uplink is determined based on the actual capacity of the first uplink.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein determining the attenuation coefficient based on the first number of sibling APs of the first AP and the second number of neighboring APs comprises: A first coefficient is determined based on the first number of sibling APs of the first AP, the first coefficient indicating a first attenuation of the actual capacity of the uplink caused by competition between the first AP and its sibling APs; A second coefficient is determined based on the second number of neighboring APs of the first AP, the second coefficient indicating a second attenuation of the actual capacity of the uplink caused by interference between the first AP and its neighboring APs; as well as The attenuation coefficient is determined based on the first coefficient and the second coefficient.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein determining the metric for the uplink based on the actual capacity of the first uplink comprises: Determine the hop count from the first AP to the root AP of the mesh network; Obtain the decay factor per hop; as well as The uplink metric is determined based on the actual capacity, the hop count, and the per-hop attenuation factor.

16. An electronic device comprising: At least one processor; as well as A memory, coupled to the at least one processor, stores instructions for causing the at least one processor to: Determine the topology of the mesh network and the first access point (AP) to be added to the mesh network, the topology including a second AP, the first AP and the second AP being multi-link devices; Determine a multiple uplink group between the first AP and the second AP, the multiple uplink group including one or more uplinks from the first AP to the second AP; By determining the second AP as the parent AP of the first AP, a first number of sibling APs of the first AP in the topology and a second number of neighbor APs of the first AP in the topology are determined. A metric for the multiple uplink group is determined based on the first number of sibling APs of the first AP and the second number of neighboring APs, the metric indicating the capacity of the multiple uplink group; as well as Based on the determination that the metric value meets predetermined conditions, the first AP is added to the mesh network according to the multiple uplink groups.

17. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the topology is a first topology, and the instruction causing the at least one processor to determine that the metric satisfies the predetermined condition further causes the at least one processor to: The second topology is generated by adding the first AP to the first topology according to the multiple uplink groups; A comprehensive metric for the second topology is determined based on the metrics for the multiple uplink groups, the comprehensive metric indicating the overall capacity of the second topology; as well as The metric is determined to satisfy the predetermined condition by determining that the comprehensive metric for the second topology satisfies the predetermined condition.

18. The electronic device of claim 17, wherein the multiple uplink group is a first multiple uplink group, the composite metric is a first composite metric, and the instruction causing the at least one processor to determine that the composite metric for the second topology satisfies the predetermined condition further causes the at least one processor to: Multiple candidate topologies are generated based on multiple candidate uplink groups, wherein the multiple candidate uplink groups include the first multiple uplink group, and the multiple candidate topologies include the second topology; Determine multiple comprehensive metrics for the multiple candidate topologies, the multiple comprehensive metrics including the first comprehensive metric; as well as By determining that the first comprehensive metric value is the maximum value among the plurality of comprehensive metric values, it is determined that the first comprehensive metric value for the second topology satisfies the predetermined condition.

19. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the multi-link group includes a first uplink, and the instruction that causes the at least one processor to determine the metric for the multi-uplink group based on the first number of sibling APs of the first AP and the second number of neighbor APs further causes the at least one processor to: Determine the maximum data rate of the first uplink; The attenuation coefficient is determined based on the first number of sibling APs of the first AP and the second number of neighboring APs; The actual capacity of the first uplink is determined based on the maximum data rate and the attenuation coefficient. as well as The metric for the multi-uplink group is determined based on the actual capacity of the first uplink.

20. The electronic device of claim 19, wherein the instruction causing the at least one processor to determine the attenuation coefficient based on the first number of sibling APs of the first AP and the second number of neighboring APs further causes the at least one processor to: A first coefficient is determined based on the first number of sibling APs of the first AP, the first coefficient indicating a first attenuation of the actual capacity of the first uplink caused by competition between the first AP and its sibling APs; A second coefficient is determined based on the second number of neighboring APs of the first AP, the second coefficient indicating a second attenuation of the actual capacity of the first uplink caused by interference between the first AP and its neighboring APs; as well as The attenuation coefficient is determined based on the first coefficient and the second coefficient.

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