A guide device for automatic lathe processing of long rod

Abstract

The application belongs to the field of lathe, and proposes a guide and holding device for long rod machining of automatic lathe, which comprises a feeder, a clamping mechanism and a pushing mechanism. The clamping mechanism and the pushing mechanism are arranged in parallel. The clamping mechanism comprises four cam clamping rods which are symmetrically distributed in pairs. A clamping core which is used for rolling clamping workpieces is arranged on the cam clamping rod. The length of the clamping core is not less than 1 / 2 of the length of the workpiece. The pushing mechanism comprises two symmetrically arranged spiral friction members which are used for friction conveying workpieces. The two ends of the clamping mechanism and the two ends of the pushing mechanism are jointly arranged on a pair of supporting mechanisms. An opening and closing driving mechanism which is used for driving the opening and closing of the supporting mechanism and a pushing driving mechanism which is used for driving the rotation of the pushing mechanism are arranged on the side of the supporting mechanism which is far away from the clamping mechanism and the pushing mechanism. The application has reasonable design, high clamping quality, good feeding effect and is beneficial to guarantee the machining quality of the slender rod.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of lathes, and particularly relates to a guide device for machining long bars on an automatic lathe. Background Technology

[0002] The core of a sliding headstock automatic lathe is workpiece movement and tool fixation. It is mainly used for slender and small parts, ultra-high precision, milling and turning, and fully automated mass production. When machining slender bar stock, a sliding headstock automatic lathe is generally equipped with an automatic feeder (oil film / chain type) to automatically feed, cut, and receive the bar stock.

[0003] Currently, feeders used for processing slender bars are mostly suitable for workpieces of 1-2m in length. For larger workpieces, such as 3m or 5m, the workpiece's walking mechanism is often unstable, affecting processing quality, especially leaving obvious vibration marks on the workpiece. Furthermore, existing automatic feeders often increase the number of clamping nodes to improve workpiece stability, but the continuity of the clamping nodes is poor. For slender bars, especially those with a diameter of less than 20mm, the clamping quality is difficult to meet the requirements of high-quality processing. Secondly, the feeder uses a moving carriage to advance the workpiece, but the clamping effect of the moving carriage on slender bars needs improvement, and material deformation may occur during feeding, causing feeding failures of the carriage. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention addresses the feeding problems encountered during the processing of slender bars by proposing a guiding device for the processing of long bars on an automatic lathe. This device features a reasonable design, high clamping quality, good feeding effect, and is conducive to ensuring the processing quality of slender bars.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: The present invention provides a guiding device for processing long bars on an automatic lathe, including a feeder. The feeder has a feeding port on its side and at its end. The feeder has a clamping mechanism and a pushing mechanism inside it. The clamping mechanism and the pushing mechanism are arranged in parallel. The clamping mechanism includes four cam clamping rods symmetrically distributed in pairs. Each cam clamping rod has a clamping core that rotates with it and is used to roll and clamp the workpiece. The length of the clamping core is not less than 1 / 2 of the workpiece length. The pushing mechanism includes two symmetrically arranged helical friction elements used to rub and convey the workpiece. The two ends of the clamping mechanism and the two ends of the pushing mechanism are jointly mounted on a pair of support mechanisms. The support mechanisms have an opening and closing drive mechanism for driving the support mechanism to open and close and a pushing drive mechanism for driving the pushing mechanism to rotate on the side away from the clamping mechanism and the pushing mechanism.

[0006] Preferably, the support mechanism includes two support plates arranged in a butterfly shape with opposing supports. The top of the support plate is provided with an inverted triangular guide slope, and the bottom end of the guide slope is provided with a guide arc that is concentric with the workpiece and larger than the diameter of the workpiece. The bottom end of the guide arc is provided with a control angle inclined surface. An opening and closing shaft is provided on the support plate near the position where the guide arc and the control angle inclined surface connect. The opening and closing shaft is connected to the opening and closing drive mechanism.

[0007] Preferably, the two cam clamping rods located on the same support plate are distributed vertically and are respectively the upper clamping rod and the lower clamping rod, and the lower clamping rod is coaxially arranged with the opening and closing shaft.

[0008] Preferably, the support mechanism is provided with a first flipping guide hole for flipping the upper cam clamping rod and a second flipping guide hole for flipping the helical friction component. The flipping drive end of the cam clamping rod and the helical friction component is provided with a switching mechanism. The switching mechanism is used to switch the contact mode between the cam clamping rod and the helical friction component and the workpiece. The drive end of the switching mechanism is provided with a switching drive mechanism.

[0009] Preferably, the shifting mechanism includes a hook-shaped arm and a lever arm that are connected to the support mechanism at different positions. The swinging end of the hook-shaped arm is used to install a helical friction element, and the swinging end of the lever arm is used to install a cam clamping rod. The other end of the lever arm is movably engaged with the hook-shaped inner contour of the hook-shaped arm and includes multiple swinging braking nodes.

[0010] Preferably, the shifting drive mechanism includes a drive arm and a driven arm. The drive arm is provided with two planar motion guide shafts perpendicular to it. One of the planar motion guide shafts is axially connected to the driven arm and is provided with a drive cylinder assembly. One end of the drive arm is provided with a drive connector that is connected to a lever arm. The driven arm is provided with a driven connector that is connected to a hook arm. The drive connector and the driven connector are connected by a balance spring.

[0011] Preferably, the pushing drive mechanism includes a driven friction disk disposed at the end of the spiral friction element, an active friction disk disposed between the driven friction disks on the two spiral friction elements, and a first reduction motor disposed at the drive end of the active friction disk.

[0012] Preferably, the opening and closing drive mechanism includes a horizontal transmission sleeve, on which a gear set is provided. The gear set is connected to the opening and closing shaft, and a second reduction motor is provided at the power input end of the gear set.

[0013] Preferably, the transmission sleeve has a guide sleeve inside, and the guide sleeve has two support guide holes, in which a support guide shaft connected to the support mechanism is provided.

[0014] Preferably, the transmission sleeve is provided with a planar motion guide plate inside.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention provides a guiding device for machining long bars on an automatic lathe. Using the small end of a cam-type clamping rod as the working center of the clamping core, the clamping mechanism can achieve a smaller clamping limit for clamping slender workpieces. Furthermore, the four clamping cores and the workpiece form four line clamping pairs with good clamping quality, effectively reducing workpiece deformation. The spiral friction element generates axial force through rotation to axially transport the workpiece, ensuring good contact quality with the workpiece along the transport path, which improves transport performance and safety. This invention is rationally designed, provides high clamping quality, has good feeding effect, and helps ensure the machining quality of slender bars. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the following description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 A perspective view of a guide device for machining long bars on an automatic lathe, provided in an embodiment; Figure 2 A front view of a guide device for machining long bars on an automatic lathe, provided in an embodiment; Figure 3 for Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of a guide device for machining long bars on an automatic lathe in the HH direction; Figure 4 A cross-sectional view in another direction of a guide device for machining long bars on an automatic lathe, provided as an embodiment; Figure 5 for Figure 4 An enlarged schematic diagram of a guide device for machining long bars on an automatic lathe at point A; Figure 6 A perspective view of the internal structure of a guide device for machining long bars on an automatic lathe; Figure 7 for Figure 6 An enlarged schematic diagram of a guide device for machining long bars on an automatic lathe at point B; Figure 8 A perspective view of the transmission sleeve provided in the embodiment; Figure 9A working diagram showing the shifting drive mechanism and the shifting mechanism driving the clamping mechanism to contact the workpiece and the pushing mechanism to leave the workpiece. Figure 10 for Figure 9 A schematic diagram showing the interaction between the clamping mechanism and the workpiece; Figure 11 The left view of the opening and closing drive mechanism in the state of contact between the helical friction component and the workpiece; Figure 12 The right view of the opening and closing drive mechanism in the state of contact between the helical friction component and the workpiece; Figure 13 Left view of the push drive mechanism in contact with the workpiece using a helical friction component; Figure 14 for Figures 11-13 A schematic diagram of the fit between the helical friction component and the workpiece; In the above figures: 1. Workpiece; 2. Feeder; 21. Loading port; 22. Feed outlet; 3. Clamping mechanism; 31. Cam clamping rod; 32. Clamping core; 33. Upper clamping rod; 34. Lower clamping rod; 4. Pushing mechanism; 41. Helical friction component; 5. Support mechanism; 51. Support plate; 52. Guide slope; 53. Guide arc; 54. Control angle inclined plane; 55. Opening and closing shaft; 56. First flipping guide hole; 57. Second flipping guide hole; 6. Opening and closing drive mechanism; 61. Transmission sleeve; 62. Gear set; 63. 64. Second geared motor; 65. Guide sleeve; 66. Support guide hole; 67. Support guide shaft; 68. Planar motion guide plate; 79. Push drive mechanism; 70. Driven friction disc; 71. Driven friction disc; 72. Driven friction disc; 73. First geared motor; 80. Positioning mechanism; 81. Hook-shaped arm; 82. Lever arm; 83. Swing brake node; 91. Positioning drive mechanism; 92. Drive arm; 93. Driven arm; 94. Planar motion guide shaft; 95. Drive cylinder assembly; 96. Drive connector; 97. Driven connector; 98. Balance spring. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be combined with each other. For ease of description, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" appearing below only indicate that they correspond to the upper, lower, left, and right directions in the accompanying drawings and do not limit the structure.

[0019] Numerous specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways than those described herein, and therefore the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed in the following specification.

[0020] Examples, such as Figures 1-14 As shown, the present invention provides a guiding device for processing long bars on an automatic lathe, comprising a feeder 2, wherein the feeder 2 has a loading port 21 and a feeding port 22 on its side and end, respectively. The loading port 21 is connected to a bar feeder in the workshop, and the loading section of the bar feeder passes through the loading port 21 and feeds the bar into the clamping center of the clamping mechanism 3. The feeding port 22 is connected to a sliding headstock lathe for automatically feeding slender bars onto the lathe. The feeder 2 is internally equipped with a clamping mechanism 3 and a pushing mechanism 4. The clamping mechanism 3 and the pushing mechanism 4 are arranged in parallel. The clamping mechanism 3 includes four cam clamping rods 31 symmetrically distributed in pairs. Each cam clamping rod 31 is equipped with a clamping core 32 that rotates with it and is used to roll and clamp the workpiece 1. The length of the clamping core 32 is not less than 1 / 2 of the length of the workpiece 1. The pushing mechanism 4 includes two symmetrically arranged spiral friction elements 41 used to rub and convey the workpiece 1. The two ends of the clamping mechanism 3 and the two ends of the pushing mechanism 4 are jointly mounted on a pair of support mechanisms 5. On the side of the support mechanism 5 away from the clamping mechanism 3 and the pushing mechanism 4, there is an opening and closing drive mechanism 6 for driving the support mechanism 5 to open and close, and a pushing drive mechanism 7 for driving the pushing mechanism 4 to rotate.

[0021] Specifically, the large end of the cam clamping rod 31 of the present invention is fixed to the support mechanism 5 by a shaft connection. The cam clamping rod 31 can move at a corresponding angle as the support mechanism 5 opens and closes or is driven by the shifting mechanism 8, but it does not have a self-rotation function. The small end of the cam clamping rod 31 is used as the working center of the clamping core 32. The clamping core 32 rotates in the C-shaped cross-section groove opened on the cam clamping rod 31, which can provide rolling support for the workpiece 1 to meet the self-rotation requirements of the workpiece 1 during the turning process. The four cam clamping mechanisms 3 are V-shaped and symmetrical in pairs, so that the center position of the clamping mechanism 3 forms a small clamping limit for clamping the slender workpiece 1. Moreover, the four line clamping pairs formed by the four clamping cores 32 and the workpiece 1 have better clamping quality than the point clamping pairs in the prior art. This can effectively reduce the deformation of the workpiece 1, reduce the vibration of the workpiece 1, and help improve the machining quality of the workpiece 1 at the turning point, avoiding the probability of vibration marks.

[0022] The pushing mechanism 4 provided by this invention uses a pair of helical friction elements 41 to transport the workpiece 1, while the bottom of the workpiece 1 is supported by the lower clamping rod 34 of the clamping mechanism 3. The two helical friction elements 41 have paired helical paths with a certain bandwidth per unit length to ensure a reasonable friction surface. The interior of the helical friction elements 41 is hollow, and solid T-shaped half-shaft structures are set at both ends for connecting the switching mechanism 8. The hollow design has a certain degree of heat dissipation effect. The helical directions of the two helical friction elements 41 are opposite, and the pitch is the same. When the two helical friction elements 41 rotate synchronously in the same direction, their helical surfaces will generate an axial component force on the workpiece 1, which will push the shaft to move along the axial direction. The axial force generated by the rotation of the helical friction elements 41 is used to axially transport the hollow workpiece 1, eliminating the need for a trolley pushing method. This transport method has better contact quality with the workpiece 1 on the transport path, which is beneficial to improving transport performance and safety.

[0023] To improve the cooperation performance between the support mechanism 5 and the workpiece 1 during the unloading and feeding processes, the support mechanism 5 provided by the present invention includes two support plates 51 arranged in a butterfly shape. The top of the support plate 51 is provided with an inverted triangular guide slope 52. The bottom end of the guide slope 52 is provided with a guide arc 53 that is concentric with the workpiece 1 and larger than the diameter of the workpiece 1. The bottom end of the guide arc 53 is provided with a control angle inclined surface 54. An opening and closing shaft 55 is provided on the support plate 51 near the position where the guide arc 53 and the control angle inclined surface 54 meet. The opening and closing shaft 55 is connected to the opening and closing drive mechanism 6. Two cam clamping rods 31 located on the same support plate 51 are distributed vertically and are respectively an upper clamping rod 33 and a lower clamping rod 34. The lower clamping rod 34 is coaxially arranged with the opening and closing shaft 55. The support mechanism 5 is driven by the opening and closing mechanism 6 to perform an opening and closing action. The opening and closing range allows the workpiece 1 to slide along the guide slope 52 on the two support plates 51 to the guide arc 53. The relative position of the guide arc 53 and the lower clamping rod 34 remains unchanged, and the maximum distance between them is less than the diameter of the workpiece 1. At the same time, the chord length corresponding to the maximum opening and closing angle of the two lower clamping rods 34 is also less than the diameter of the workpiece 1. Thus, the workpiece 1 can be supported on the two lower clamping rods 34. When the opening and closing driving mechanism 6 reduces the opening angle of the support mechanism 5, it resets. The four cam clamping rods 31 clamp the workpiece 1 together. While ensuring that the workpiece 1 is effectively placed within the clamping range of the clamping mechanism 3, it effectively ensures that the center of the workpiece 1 is on the same line as the center of the moving head, thereby ensuring the quality of the machining. It should be noted that, in order to ensure the efficiency of the slender bar entering the clamping mechanism 3, the present invention employs two sets of support mechanisms 5 inside the feeder 2, as well as the clamping mechanism 3, pushing mechanism 4 and shifting mechanism 8 used in conjunction with them. The support mechanism 5 in the middle position can work together with the support mechanisms 5 at both ends to ensure that the workpiece 1 falls into the clamping mechanism 3 in a timely manner.

[0024] Furthermore, the support mechanism 5 provided by the present invention is provided with a first flipping guide hole 56 for flipping the upper cam clamping rod 31 and a second flipping guide hole for flipping the helical friction member 41. The flipping drive end of the cam clamping rod 31 and the helical friction member 41 is provided with a switching mechanism 8, and the drive end of the switching mechanism 8 is provided with a switching drive mechanism 9. The switching mechanism 8 is used to switch the contact mode between the cam clamping rod 31 and the helical friction member 41 and the workpiece 1. In this way, the workpiece 1 has two processes: a processing process and a pushing process. During the processing process, the switching mechanism 8 drives the clamping mechanism 3 to enter the clamping position to roll and clamp the workpiece 1, while the helical friction member 41 retracts from the workpiece 1. During the pushing process, the switching mechanism 8 drives the upper clamping rod 33 to retract from the workpiece 1, and the helical friction member 41 comes into frictional contact with the upper clamping rod 33. The rotation of the helical friction member 41 is used to transfer the workpiece 1, thereby ensuring that the device can achieve effective automatic feeding at the feed end of the Swiss-type lathe.

[0025] To improve the linkage performance between the clamping mechanism 3 and the pushing mechanism 4, the shifting mechanism 8 provided by the present invention includes a hook-shaped arm 81 and a lever arm 82 that are connected to the support mechanism 5 at different positions. The swinging end of the hook-shaped arm 81 is used to install the spiral friction element 41, and the swinging end of the lever arm 82 is used to install the cam clamping rod 31. The other end of the lever arm 82 is in active engagement with the hook-shaped inner contour of the hook-shaped arm 81 and includes multiple swinging braking nodes 83. The shifting drive mechanism 9 includes a drive arm 91 and a driven arm 92. The drive arm 91 is in the shape of a "√". Two planar motion guide shafts 93 perpendicular to it are provided on the drive arm 91. One planar motion guide shaft 93 is located at the top of the drive arm 91, and the other planar motion guide shaft 93 is located at the bottom of the "√" shape of the drive arm 91. It is axially connected to the driven arm 92 and is provided with a drive cylinder assembly 94. One end of the drive arm 91 is provided with a drive connector 95 that is hinged to the lever arm 82. The driven arm 92 is provided with a driven connector 96 that is hinged to the hook arm 81. The drive connector 95 and the driven connector 96 are connected by a balance spring 97.

[0026] Specifically, such as Figures 9-14As shown, the hook-shaped arm 81 includes a hinged section and a C-shaped section. The top of the hinged section is hinged to the apex of the support plate 51. The C-shaped section is integrally formed with the hinged section, and from a positional perspective, the C-shaped section extends from the side of the hinged section. An escapement tooth structure is provided between the C-shaped section and the hinged section, serving as a limiting limit for the lever arm 82. An internal tooth protrusion is provided on the C-shaped section near the shaft end where the helical friction element 41 is mounted. This internal tooth protrusion serves as a limiting limit for the lever arm 82 in another direction, cooperating with the back of the lever arm 82 to provide a limiting function. Furthermore, the telescopic end of the drive cylinder assembly 94 adopts a movable hinge structure and is axially connected to a planar motion guide shaft 93. Telescopic movement controls the linkage between the drive arm 91 and the driven arm 92, thereby driving the hook-shaped arm 81 and the lever arm 82 to move in real time.

[0027] like Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the telescopic end of the drive cylinder assembly 94 extends, the position of the planar motion shaft and the drive arm 91 rises, the end of the drive arm 91 drives the lever arm 82 to swing, the balance spring 97 changes from tight to loose, the elastic force makes the drive arm 91 rise smoothly until it reaches the upper stop point on the planar motion guide plate 67, while the upper clamping rod 33 moves toward the workpiece 1 until it clamps the workpiece 1; at the same time, the driven arm 92 drives the hook arm 81 to also make a planar motion, and enters the limit limit in cooperation with the lever arm 82, the helical friction element 41 leaves the workpiece 1, and the workpiece 1 enters the waiting state for turning.

[0028] like Figures 11-14 As shown, the telescopic end of the drive cylinder assembly 94 retracts, the planar motion shaft and the position of the drive arm 91 are lowered, the end of the drive arm 91 drives the lever arm 82 to swing, the upper clamping rod 33 moves along the first flip guide hole 56 and moves away from the workpiece 1 until it engages with the inner tooth protrusion of the hook arm 81, the balance spring 97 applies a thrust to the upper clamping rod 33 to keep the upper clamping rod 33 and the inner tooth protrusion close together; at the same time as the lever arm 82 moves, the driven arm 92 drives the hook arm 81 to also make a planar motion, and enters the limit limit in cooperation with the lever arm 82 until the spiral friction element 41 contacts the workpiece 1, and the workpiece 1 enters the push-out state.

[0029] To improve the driving performance of the push drive mechanism 7 and the paired push mechanisms 4, the push drive mechanism 7 provided by the present invention includes a driven friction disk 71 disposed at the end of the helical friction member 41, and an active friction disk 72 disposed between the driven friction disks 71 on the two helical friction members 41. A first reduction motor 73 is disposed at the driving end of the active friction disk 72. The first reduction motor 73 is disposed on the outside of the feeder 2 for inputting power to the active friction disk 72. The active friction disk 72 drives the two driven friction disks 71 to produce synchronous and unidirectional movements, thereby causing the two helical friction members 41 to produce an axial pushing action on the workpiece 1.

[0030] To improve the immediacy of the opening and closing action of the drive mechanism 6 driving the support mechanism 5 and connecting with the workpiece 1 during unloading, the opening and closing drive mechanism 6 provided by the present invention includes a horizontal transmission sleeve 61. One end of the transmission sleeve 61 is connected to the inner wall of the feeder 2, and the other end of the transmission sleeve 61 is a chamfered bevel. The minimum distance between the two transmission sleeves 61 at both ends is greater than the length of the workpiece 1. The inside of the transmission sleeve 61 is provided with an assembly surface for mounting a gear set 62. The gear set 62 is mounted on the assembly surface. The gear set 62 is driven by the opening and closing shaft 55, and a second reduction motor 63 is provided at the power input end of the gear set 62. The drive gear set 62 includes two counter-rotating gears keyed to the opening and closing shaft 55. One of the counter-rotating gears meshes with an intermediate gear, and the outer side of the intermediate gear meshes with a gear ring. The gear ring and the second reduction motor 63 can be driven by a pair of meshing gear shafts. One provides power input, and the other increases the center distance between the second reduction motor 63 and the gear ring, thus coordinating the assembly position of the second reduction motor 63 and the first reduction motor in space.

[0031] In addition to providing an assembly base for the gear set 62, the transmission sleeve 61 provided by the present invention also provides a guiding structure for the opening and closing action of the support mechanism 5. For example, a guide sleeve 64 is provided inside the transmission sleeve 61, and two support guide holes 65 are provided on the guide sleeve 64. A support guide shaft 66 connected to the support mechanism 5 is provided in the support guide hole 65. The support guide shaft 66 moves along the support guide hole 65 as the support plate 51 opens and closes, which can improve the controllability of the support plate 51 opening and closing action around the opening and closing shaft 55.

[0032] Furthermore, the transmission sleeve 61 provided by the present invention is provided with a planar motion guide plate 67 inside. The planar motion guide plate 67 is provided with an arc-shaped hole for the planar motion guide shaft 93 to perform planar motion. The movement of the planar motion guide shaft 93 along the arc-shaped hole can ensure the accuracy of the linkage action between the drive arm 91 and the driven arm 92, thereby improving the cooperation quality between the clamping mechanism 3, the pushing mechanism 4 and the workpiece 1.

[0033] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any other way. Any person skilled in the art may make changes or modifications to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments for application in other fields. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A guiding device for machining long bars on an automatic lathe, comprising a feeder, wherein the feeder has a feeding port on its side and an end respectively, and the feeder has a clamping mechanism and a pushing mechanism inside, characterized in that, The clamping mechanism and the pushing mechanism are arranged in parallel. The clamping mechanism includes four symmetrically distributed cam clamping rods, each with a clamping core that rotates with it and is used to roll and clamp the workpiece. The length of the clamping core is not less than 1 / 2 of the workpiece length. The pushing mechanism includes two symmetrically arranged helical friction components used to rub and convey the workpiece. The two ends of the clamping mechanism and the two ends of the pushing mechanism are jointly mounted on a pair of support mechanisms. The support mechanisms have an opening and closing drive mechanism for driving the opening and closing of the support mechanism and a pushing drive mechanism for driving the rotation of the pushing mechanism on the side away from the clamping mechanism and the pushing mechanism. The support mechanisms have a first flipping guide hole for flipping the upper cam clamping rod and a second flipping guide hole for flipping the helical friction components. The flipping drive ends of the cam clamping rods and helical friction components are provided with a switching mechanism. The switching mechanism is used to switch the contact mode between the cam clamping rods and helical friction components and the workpiece. The drive end of the switching mechanism is provided with a switching drive mechanism.

2. The guiding device for machining long bars on an automatic lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support mechanism includes two support plates arranged in a butterfly shape. The top of the support plate is provided with an inverted triangular guide slope. The bottom end of the guide slope is provided with a guide arc that is concentric with the workpiece and larger than the diameter of the workpiece. The bottom end of the guide arc is provided with a control angle inclined surface. An opening and closing shaft is provided on the support plate near the position where the guide arc and the control angle inclined surface connect. The opening and closing shaft is connected to the opening and closing drive mechanism.

3. A guiding device for machining long bars on an automatic lathe according to claim 2, characterized in that, Two cam clamping rods located on the same support plate are distributed vertically and are respectively the upper clamping rod and the lower clamping rod. The lower clamping rod is coaxially arranged with the opening and closing shaft.

4. A guiding device for machining long bars on an automatic lathe according to claim 3, characterized in that, The shifting mechanism includes a hook-shaped arm and a lever arm that are connected to the support mechanism at different positions. The swinging end of the hook-shaped arm is used to install a helical friction component, and the swinging end of the lever arm is used to install a cam clamping rod. The other end of the lever arm is in movable engagement with the hook-shaped inner contour of the hook-shaped arm and includes multiple swinging braking nodes.

5. A guiding device for machining long bars on an automatic lathe according to claim 4, characterized in that, The shifting drive mechanism includes a drive arm and a driven arm. The drive arm is provided with two planar motion guide shafts perpendicular to it. One of the planar motion guide shafts is axially connected to the driven arm and is provided with a drive cylinder assembly. One end of the drive arm is provided with a drive connector that is connected to a lever arm. The driven arm is provided with a driven connector that is connected to a hook arm. The drive connector and the driven connector are connected by a balance spring.

6. A guiding device for machining long bars on an automatic lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The push drive mechanism includes a driven friction disk disposed at the end of the spiral friction element, an active friction disk disposed between the driven friction disks on the two spiral friction elements, and a first reduction motor disposed at the drive end of the active friction disk.

7. A guiding device for machining long bars on an automatic lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The opening and closing drive mechanism includes a horizontal transmission sleeve, on which a gear set is provided. The gear set is connected to the opening and closing shaft, and a second reduction motor is provided at the power input end of the gear set.

8. A guiding device for machining long bars on an automatic lathe according to claim 7, characterized in that, The transmission sleeve has a guide sleeve inside, and the guide sleeve has two support guide holes, in which a support guide shaft connected to the support mechanism is provided.

9. A guiding device for machining long bars on an automatic lathe according to claim 8, characterized in that, The transmission sleeve is equipped with a planar motion guide plate inside.

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