Photovoltaic cell welding apparatus and method of welding photovoltaic cells

Abstract

The application relates to a photovoltaic cell welding device and a photovoltaic cell welding method. The photovoltaic cell welding device realizes temperature regulation on both sides of a photovoltaic cell welding area through the temperature control of a multi-sub-source partition of a welding light source and the reflection heating of a sub-support area with different reflectivity of a support, effectively solves the differentiated demand of different parts of the photovoltaic cell for welding temperature, avoids material damage and connection performance degradation caused by excessively high temperature, ensures the welding sufficiency and connection reliability of parts with high temperature demand, improves the heat transfer efficiency, shortens the welding time and improves the temperature distribution uniformity, and thus improves the precision of the welding process, the efficiency and the stability of the welding quality as a whole.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and in particular to photovoltaic cell welding equipment and photovoltaic cell welding methods. Background Technology

[0002] As the core component of a solar photovoltaic power generation system, photovoltaic modules directly determine the system's energy conversion efficiency, operational reliability, and long-term power generation performance. By interconnecting and encapsulating multiple photovoltaic cells, they achieve efficient conversion of light energy into electrical energy, making them a key technological carrier for promoting the large-scale application of renewable energy and achieving "dual carbon" goals.

[0003] In the manufacturing process of photovoltaic modules, welding is a crucial step in achieving electrical connections between solar cells, and its quality directly affects the module's electrical performance, reliability, and long-term operational stability. As photovoltaic technology continues to evolve towards higher efficiency and lower cost, cell structures are constantly being optimized, and electrode designs are becoming increasingly sophisticated, placing higher demands on the thermal control precision of the welding process.

[0004] In related technologies, welding equipment typically employs a monolithic heating method, making it difficult to differentiate and control the heating based on the varying thermal sensitivity of different areas on the battery surface. On one hand, some areas are more sensitive to high temperatures due to material properties or structural limitations; excessive heat input can easily lead to material degradation or excessive interfacial reactions. On the other hand, other areas require maintaining sufficient temperatures to ensure good metallurgical bonding and mechanical strength. If these conflicting needs cannot be met simultaneously during a single welding process, improving the welding quality of one area may sacrifice the reliability of other areas, thus limiting the optimization of the overall process window. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a photovoltaic cell welding device to address the above-mentioned problems.

[0006] According to one aspect of this application, an embodiment of this application provides a photovoltaic cell welding device, including a support platform and a welding light source.

[0007] The support components of the platform are used to place the photovoltaic cells.

[0008] The welding light source includes at least two sub-light sources, each of which illuminates the support to form multiple sub-welding areas, each of which is configured to correspond to a different part of the photovoltaic cell.

[0009] Furthermore, the support includes at least two sub-support areas, each of which is configured to correspond to a different part of the photovoltaic cell, wherein the reflectivity of the at least two sub-support areas is different.

[0010] The aforementioned photovoltaic cell welding equipment achieves temperature control on both sides of the photovoltaic cell welding area through the synergistic effect of multi-sub-light source zone temperature control of the welding light source and reflective heating of sub-support areas with different reflectivities of the support components. This not only effectively solves the problem of differentiated welding temperature requirements for different parts of the photovoltaic cell, avoiding material damage and deterioration of connection performance caused by excessive temperature, but also ensures the sufficiency and reliability of welding in areas with higher temperature requirements. Furthermore, the dual-sided heating improves heat transfer efficiency, shortens welding time, and improves temperature distribution uniformity, thereby enhancing the overall precision, efficiency, and stability of the welding process and welding quality.

[0011] In one embodiment, two adjacent sub-welding areas do not overlap.

[0012] In one embodiment, the support includes a reflective layer and a support layer, the reflective layer being stacked on the side of the support layer facing the welding light source; the reflective layer includes at least two reflectors, wherein the at least two reflectors have different reflectivities, and each reflector is configured as a sub-support area.

[0013] In one embodiment, the sub-light source includes at least one light source generator. The light source generator includes: a light-transmitting lampshade, a shield, and a light-emitting body. The shield blocks the light-transmitting lampshade to form a light-transmitting hole, and the light-emitting body is disposed inside the light-transmitting lampshade. The light emitted by the light-emitting body shines through the light-transmitting hole to form a sub-welding area.

[0014] In one embodiment, a reflective layer is provided on the surface of the mask facing the light source.

[0015] In one embodiment, among the plurality of sub-light sources, at least one sub-light source has a first operating power, and at least another sub-light source has a second operating power; and / or, in the irradiation direction of the welding light source, the distance between the welding light source and the support includes at least a first distance and a second distance; and / or, the size of the sub-welding area formed by the irradiation of the sub-light source includes at least a first size and a second size.

[0016] In one embodiment, the support platform further includes a drive roller assembly comprising at least two roller shafts, with multiple roller shafts arranged sequentially along the conveying direction. A support member is annular in structure and is fitted onto the drive roller assembly. The axial direction of the support member is parallel to the axial direction of the roller shafts. The drive roller assembly is configured to support and drive the support member to rotate. The conveying direction is perpendicular to the axial direction of the roller shafts.

[0017] In one embodiment, multiple sub-light sources are arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the roller, such that multiple sub-welding areas are arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the roller in the support. Additionally, sub-support areas are arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the roller in the support, and each sub-support area extends along the conveying direction.

[0018] In one embodiment, the number of sub-light sources is configured to be three, namely a first sub-light source, a second sub-light source, and a third sub-light source, which are arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the roller shaft. Similarly, the number of sub-support areas is configured to be three, namely a first sub-support area, a second sub-support area, and a third sub-support area, which are arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the roller shaft.

[0019] In the irradiation direction of the welding light source, the first sub-welding area formed by the first sub-light source coincides with the first sub-support area, the second sub-welding area formed by the second sub-light source coincides with the second sub-support area, and the third sub-welding area formed by the third sub-light source coincides with the third sub-support area.

[0020] The first and third sub-support areas are used to support the fine grid endpoints on both sides of the photovoltaic cell, respectively, and the second sub-support area is used to support the fine grid of the photovoltaic cell; the two fine grid endpoints are connected to the two ends of the fine grid.

[0021] In one embodiment, the power of the first sub-light source is W1, the power of the second sub-light source is W2, and the power of the third sub-light source is W3, satisfying the relationship: W1=W3≠W2.

[0022] The area of ​​the first sub-welding area is S1, the area of ​​the second sub-light source is S2, and the area of ​​the third sub-light source is S3, satisfying the relationship: S1=S3≠S2; the reflectivity of the first sub-welding area is R1, the reflectivity of the second sub-light source is R2, and the reflectivity of the third sub-light source is R3, satisfying the relationship: R1=R3≠R2.

[0023] According to another aspect of this application, embodiments of this application provide a method for welding photovoltaic cells. This method is used with photovoltaic cell welding equipment as described in some of the above embodiments, and the welding method includes:

[0024] The photovoltaic cells are placed on the support components of the carrier platform, and the various parts of the photovoltaic cells are configured to correspond to the sub-support areas of the support components.

[0025] By illuminating the corresponding sub-support area with each sub-light source of the welding light source, the corresponding sub-welding area is determined, so as to weld the various parts of the photovoltaic cell together.

[0026] In one embodiment, the platform further includes: a drive roller assembly, the support member is constructed in a ring shape, the support member is sleeved on the drive roller assembly, and the drive roller assembly is configured to support and drive the support member to rotate;

[0027] Welding methods also include:

[0028] The drive roller assembly controls the conveying speed of the support components based on the welding parameters of the photovoltaic cells.

[0029] In one embodiment, the welding parameters include:

[0030] Welding temperature, which is the temperature at which the sub-light source acts on the photovoltaic cell;

[0031] The welding temperature is configured based on the power of the sub-light source, the distance between the sub-light source and the photovoltaic cell, and the reflectivity of the sub-support area. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a top view of a photovoltaic cell welding apparatus according to an embodiment of this application.

[0033] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Cross-sectional view at point AA.

[0034] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view at B1 in the middle.

[0035] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of point C.

[0036] Figure 5 for Figure 2 Enlarged view at B2 in the middle.

[0037] Figure 6 for Figure 2 Enlarged view at B3 in the middle.

[0038] Figure label:

[0039] 100. Photovoltaic cell welding equipment; 1. Support platform; 11. Support component; 110. Sub-support area; 1101. First sub-support area; 1102. Second sub-support area; 1103. Third sub-support area; 111. Reflective layer; 1110. Reflector; 1111. First reflector; 1112. Second reflector; 1113. Third reflector; 112. Support layer; 12. Roller; 2. Welding light source; 21. Sub-light source; 2101. First sub-light source; 2102. Second sub-light source; 2103. Third sub-light source; 211. Light source generator; 2111. Light-transmitting lamp cover; 2112. Shielding body; 2113. Light-emitting body; 2114. Light-transmitting hole; 200. Photovoltaic cell; 201. Fine grid end point; 2011. First fine grid end point; 2012. Second fine grid end point; 202. Fine grid. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0041] In the description of this application, it should be understood that if terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" appear, these terms indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0042] Furthermore, where the terms "first" and "second" appear, these terms are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, where the term "multiple" appears, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0043] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., shall be interpreted broadly. For example, they may refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; or the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0044] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the use of descriptions such as "above" or "below" the second feature indicates that the first and second features are in direct contact or indirect contact via an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. Similarly, "below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0045] It should be noted that if an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. If an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. If so, the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this application are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0046] The photovoltaic cell welding equipment 100 according to this application is used to weld photovoltaic cells 200.

[0047] For example, see Figure 1 As shown, for ease of understanding of this application, the photovoltaic cell 200 is uniformly described as an 0BB cell (zero 0BB cell, also known as a gridless cell).

[0048] It is important to understand that the core of the 0BB battery is to eliminate the main grid electrode on the surface of the traditional battery, and only retain the densely packed fine grid 202 as a current collection structure. The current is collected through the fine grid 202 to the fine grid endpoint 201 at the edge of the battery. During module packaging, the main grid is no longer used for welding. Instead, the solder ribbon is used to directly form multi-point contact with the fine grid 202 and the fine grid endpoint 201, allowing the current to be directly conducted from the fine grid 202 to the solder ribbon. This reduces the light loss of the main grid, saves a lot of silver paste, and improves the battery current collection efficiency and appearance flatness.

[0049] Since the fine gate 202 itself uses a small amount of silver paste, if the soldering temperature is too high, the tin and silver will react too quickly, which will consume all the silver paste in the fine gate 202, causing problems such as gate breakage and insufficient tensile strength at the solder joint. At the same time, the soldering temperature of the fine gate endpoints 201 (PAD points) connected to both ends of the fine gate 202 should not be too low, otherwise the risk of cold solder joints will increase.

[0050] Next, see Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the photovoltaic cell welding equipment 100 includes a support platform 1 and a welding light source 2. The support member 11 of the support platform 1 is used to place the photovoltaic cell 200. The welding light source 2 includes at least two sub-light sources 21, each sub-light source 21 irradiating the support member 11 to form multiple sub-welding areas, each sub-welding area being configured to correspond to a different part of the photovoltaic cell 200. Furthermore, the support member 11 includes at least two sub-support areas 110, each sub-support area 110 being configured to correspond to a different part of the photovoltaic cell 200, wherein the at least two sub-support areas 110 have different reflectivities.

[0051] Since the welding light source 2 includes at least two sub-light sources 21, the multiple sub-light sources 21 can respectively irradiate the support member 11 to form multiple sub-welding areas, so that different sub-welding areas correspond to different parts of the photovoltaic cell 200, and achieve zoned temperature control; at the same time, the support member 11 of the bearing platform 1 is provided with at least two sub-support areas 110 with different reflectivity, and each sub-support area 110 also corresponds to different parts of the photovoltaic cell 200, and the actual heating temperature of each area is adjusted in a coordinated manner by regulating the local reflection characteristics.

[0052] By coordinating multiple sub-light sources 21 of the welding light source 2 with multiple sub-support areas 110 of the support component 11, the photovoltaic cell welding equipment 100 achieves precise temperature control over different parts of the photovoltaic cell 200. Multiple sub-welding areas can provide differentiated heat input for the specific welding needs of each part of the photovoltaic cell 200, while sub-support areas 110 with different reflectivities further optimize the actual heating effect of each area by adjusting local photothermal reflection characteristics. This synergistic mechanism between the welding light source 2 and the support component 11 ensures that parts of the photovoltaic cell 200 with varying temperature sensitivities can obtain suitable welding temperature environments. This avoids material damage and deterioration of connection performance that may result from excessively high temperatures, while fully guaranteeing the sufficiency of welding and the reliability of connections in parts with higher temperature requirements, thereby improving the overall precision of the welding process and the stability of welding quality.

[0053] Furthermore, multiple sub-welding zones provide differentiated heat input to various parts of the photovoltaic cell 200 from above, while sub-support zones 110 with different reflectivities reflect the heat from the welding light source 2, thus providing auxiliary heating to the photovoltaic cell 200 from below. This achieves a synergistic heating effect on both the upper and lower surfaces of the welding area. This bidirectional heating mechanism not only enhances heat transfer efficiency and shortens welding time, but also makes the temperature distribution of various parts of the photovoltaic cell 200 more uniform, effectively avoiding the problem of excessive temperature gradients that may be caused by single-sided heating.

[0054] Therefore, the photovoltaic cell welding equipment 100 of this application achieves temperature control on both sides of the welding area of ​​the photovoltaic cell 200 through the synergistic effect of zoned temperature control by the multiple sub-light sources 21 of the welding light source 2 and the reflective heating of the sub-support areas 110 of the support member 11 with different reflectivities. This not only effectively solves the problem of different welding temperature requirements for different parts of the photovoltaic cell 200, avoiding material damage and deterioration of connection performance caused by excessive temperature, but also ensures the sufficiency of welding and the reliability of connection in parts with higher temperature requirements. Furthermore, the dual-sided heating improves heat transfer efficiency, shortens welding time, and improves temperature distribution uniformity, thereby improving the overall accuracy, efficiency, and stability of the welding process and welding quality.

[0055] For example, see Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in the height direction of the photovoltaic cell welding equipment 100 (i.e., the "up-down" direction shown in the attached figure), the welding light source 2 is located above the support platform 1, and the sub-light source 21 in the welding light source 2 illuminates downward (i.e. towards the support platform 1) to form a sub-welding area.

[0056] Specifically, the number of sub-light sources 21 is configured to be three, namely, the first sub-light source 2101, the second sub-light source 2102, and the third sub-light source 2103; the number of sub-support areas 110 is configured to be three, namely, the first sub-support area 1101, the second sub-support area 1102, and the third sub-support area 1103. In the width direction of the photovoltaic cell welding equipment 100 (i.e., the "left-right" direction shown in the attached figure), the first sub-light source 2101, the second sub-light source 2102, and the third sub-light source 2103 are arranged sequentially from left to right, and the first sub-support areas 1101, the second sub-support area 1102, and the third sub-support area 1103 are also arranged sequentially from left to right.

[0057] Furthermore, in the height direction of the photovoltaic cell welding equipment 100, the first sub-light source 2101 is correspondingly set to the first sub-support area 1101 (i.e., the first sub-light source 2101 is located above the first sub-support area 1101), the second sub-light source 2102 is correspondingly set to the second sub-support area 1102 (i.e., the second sub-light source 2102 is located above the second sub-support area 1102), and the third sub-light source 2103 is correspondingly set to the third sub-support area 1103 (i.e., the second sub-light source 2102 is located above the third sub-support area 1103).

[0058] Thus, in the irradiation direction of the welding light source 2 (i.e., the height direction of the photovoltaic cell welding equipment 100), the first sub-welding area formed by the first sub-light source 2101 coincides with the first sub-support area 1101, the second sub-welding area formed by the second sub-light source 2102 coincides with the second sub-support area 1102, and the third sub-welding area formed by the third sub-light source 2103 coincides with the third sub-support area 1103.

[0059] See Figure 1 As shown, when the photovoltaic cell 200 is placed on the support member 11, the first sub-support area 1101 and the third sub-support area 1103 are respectively used to support the fine grid endpoints 201 located on both sides of the photovoltaic cell 200, and the second sub-support area 1102 is used to support the fine grid 202 of the photovoltaic cell 200. The two fine grid endpoints 201 are connected to both ends of the fine grid 202. Specifically, the two fine grid endpoints 201 are the first fine grid endpoint 2011 and the second fine grid endpoint 2012, respectively. The first fine grid endpoint 2011 is connected to the right end of the fine grid 202, and the second fine grid endpoint 2012 is connected to the left end of the fine grid 202. Furthermore, the first sub-support area 1101 is used to support the first fine grid endpoint 2011, and the third sub-support area 1103 is used to support the second fine grid endpoint 2012.

[0060] In addition, since the welding temperature requirements of the first fine grid endpoint 2011 and the second fine grid endpoint 2012 are the same, by setting the heat generated by the first sub-light source 2101 and the third sub-light source 2103 to be the same, and the reflectivity of the first sub-support area 1101 and the third sub-support area 1103 to be the same, the fine grid endpoints 201 on both sides of the photovoltaic cell 200 can obtain a completely symmetrical and uniform heat input environment during the welding process.

[0061] Furthermore, based on the structural characteristics and material sensitivity of the fine gate 202, its soldering temperature requirements differ from those of the fine gate endpoint 201. The fine gate 202 is composed of extremely fine silver paste lines with a limited silver content. If heated excessively or for too long, it is prone to reacting with the tin in the solder ribbon, leading to excessive consumption of the silver layer and causing failure modes such as gate breakage, increased contact resistance, or even localized burnout. Therefore, the second sub-light source 2102 corresponding to the fine gate 202 is configured to output a relatively low light intensity to control the total heat input. Simultaneously, the second sub-support region 1102 employs a low reflectivity (e.g., by spraying a light-absorbing coating on the surface or using a low-reflectivity substrate) to reduce reflected heat from below, thereby collaboratively achieving a suitable heating temperature for the fine gate 202.

[0062] Based on this, during the welding process, after the photovoltaic cell 200 is placed on the support platform 1, the first sub-light source 2101 and the highly reflective first sub-support area 1101 work together to apply sufficient and stable heat energy to the first fine grid endpoint 2011, ensuring a full and reliable metallurgical bond between the solder strip and the first fine grid endpoint 2011, effectively suppressing the risk of incomplete welding. Similarly, the third sub-light source 2103 and the highly reflective third sub-support area 1103 jointly ensure the welding quality of the second fine grid endpoint 2012. At the same time, the second sub-light source 2102 located in the middle region works with the low-reflectivity second sub-support area 1102 to precisely control the temperature of the fine grid 202, which not only meets the basic welding melting requirements but also limits the peak temperature and heat accumulation effect, preventing excessive consumption of silver paste.

[0063] In some embodiments of this application, adjacent sub-welding areas do not overlap. This arrangement ensures that each sub-welding area is spatially independent, avoiding mutual interference between thermal fields and thus guaranteeing that temperature control in different areas does not affect each other.

[0064] For example, see Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments of this application, the first sub-welding area formed by the illumination of the first sub-light source 2101 and the second sub-welding area formed by the illumination of the second sub-light source 2102 do not overlap in spatial projection, meaning their covered areas do not intersect. Similarly, the second sub-welding area and the third sub-welding area formed by the illumination of the third sub-light source 2103 also remain non-intersecting. Based on this, the boundary relationship between adjacent sub-welding areas can be in the form of adjacent boundaries, closely adjacent but not overlapping, i.e., the boundaries of the first and second sub-welding areas can be adjacent, and the boundaries of the second and third sub-welding areas can also be adjacent. This avoids the superposition or coupling interference of thermal fields or energy inputs between different sub-welding areas, thereby ensuring that each sub-welding area can independently maintain its required heat input.

[0065] See Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments of this application, the support member 11 includes a reflective layer 111 and a support layer 112, with the reflective layer 111 stacked on the side of the support layer 112 facing the welding light source 2. The reflective layer 111 includes at least two reflectors 1110, wherein the at least two reflectors 1110 have different reflectivities, and each reflector 1110 is configured as a sub-support area 110.

[0066] Specifically, the support layer 112 serves as the base structure of the support member 11, providing overall mechanical strength and stability to ensure that the photovoltaic cell 200 remains flat and fixed in position during the welding process. The reflective layer 111 is disposed on the upper surface of the support layer 112 (i.e., the side facing the welding light source 2) and directly participates in the thermal field regulation process. By dividing the reflective layer 111 into multiple reflectors 1110 with different reflectivities, each reflector 1110 corresponds to a different functional area of ​​the photovoltaic cell 200, thereby achieving precise control of local thermal reflection characteristics.

[0067] For example, the reflective layer 111 includes three reflectors 1110, namely a first reflector 1111, a second reflector 1112, and a third reflector 1113, which are arranged sequentially along the width direction of the photovoltaic cell welding equipment 100 (i.e., the "left-right" direction shown in the figure). The first reflector 1111 and the third reflector 1113 have higher reflectivity and are used to correspond to the fine grid endpoints 201 on both sides of the photovoltaic cell 200; the second reflector 1112 has lower reflectivity and is used to correspond to the fine grid 202 of the photovoltaic cell 200. This arrangement makes the first sub-support area 1101 and the third sub-support area 1103 of the support member 11 have the same reflectivity, while the second sub-support area 1102 of the support member 11 has a different reflectivity than the first sub-support area 1101 and the third sub-support area 1103.

[0068] Based on this, the first reflector 1111 and the third reflector 1113 with high reflectivity can effectively reflect the radiant heat from the upper sub-light source 21, forming auxiliary heating for the fine grid end point 201, ensuring that it obtains sufficient soldering temperature to avoid poor soldering; while the second reflector 1112 with low reflectivity reduces the heat reflection on the fine grid 202, and together with the upper sub-light source 21 with lower light intensity, jointly suppress the total heat input in this area, preventing defects such as excessive consumption of silver paste or grid breakage due to excessive temperature.

[0069] It should be noted that reflectors 1110 with different reflectivities can be achieved in a variety of ways, such as using reflective films of different materials, coating light-absorbing or anti-reflective coatings in local areas, or controlling surface reflection characteristics through microstructure design.

[0070] In summary, by setting a reflective layer 111 composed of multiple reflectors 1110 with different reflectivities on the support layer 112, the support component 11 achieves refined management of the thermal environment of various parts of the photovoltaic cell 200. Through the coordinated irradiation of the multiple reflective layers 111 of the support component 11 and the multi-sub-light source 21 of the welding light source 2, a non-uniform thermal field adapted to the welding characteristics of the photovoltaic cell 200 is constructed from both upper and lower directions. This satisfies the high welding temperature requirement of the fine grid endpoint 201 while effectively protecting the temperature-sensitive fine grid 202, thereby ensuring welding reliability while improving the overall quality and stability of the welding process.

[0071] In some embodiments of this application, the sub-light source 21 includes at least one light source generator 211. Specifically, each sub-light source 21 may be composed of one or more independent light source generators 211. The number of light source generators 211 can be flexibly configured according to the requirements of the corresponding photovoltaic cell 200 part, so as to achieve fine control of the light intensity distribution and heat input characteristics of each sub-welding area.

[0072] For example, see Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, both the first sub-light source 2101 and the third sub-light source 2103 are composed of a light source generator 211; see reference. Figure 5 As shown, the second sub-light source 2102 consists of three light source generators 211. Combined with... Figure 1 As shown, in the width direction (i.e., the "left-right" direction shown in the attached figure) of the photovoltaic cell welding equipment 100, the size of the fine grid 202 is relatively large compared to the size of the fine grid endpoint 201, resulting in a wider coverage area along the width direction. By configuring the second sub-light source 2102 as composed of three light source generators 211 arranged sequentially along the width direction of the photovoltaic cell welding equipment 100, the second sub-welding area formed by the second sub-light source 2102 is composed of the local light spot areas formed by the illumination of each of the three light source generators 211, thereby forming a continuous and uniform heat input surface covering the entire fine grid 202.

[0073] By configuring different numbers of light source generators 211 in different sub-light sources 21, the adaptability of the welding light source 2 to the heat input characteristics of various parts of the photovoltaic cell 200 is improved.

[0074] See Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments of this application, the light source generator 211 may include a light-transmitting lampshade 2111, a shield 2112, and a light-emitting body 2113. The shield 2112 shields the light-transmitting lampshade 2111 to form a light-transmitting hole 2114. The light-emitting body 2113 is disposed inside the light-transmitting lampshade 2111, and the light emitted by the light-emitting body 2113 passes through the light-transmitting hole 2114 to form a sub-welding area.

[0075] Specifically, the light-transmitting lamp cover 2111 is the external encapsulation structure of the light source generator 211, which has good high temperature resistance and optical transmittance, and is used to protect the internal components and guide the light output; the light-emitting body 2113 is disposed inside the light-transmitting lamp cover 2111, and as the core component for heat generation, it can adopt a high-stability light source form suitable for photovoltaic welding process, such as infrared lamp tube, halogen lamp or LED array, to emit radiant energy for heating the welding strip and the surface of photovoltaic cell 200; the shield 2112 is disposed on the light-emitting side of the light-transmitting lamp cover 2111 and partially covers the light-emitting surface of the light-transmitting lamp cover 2111. By opening an opening of a specific shape and size on the shield 2112, a light-transmitting hole 2114 in a defined area is formed.

[0076] Therefore, the light emitted by the light source 2113 can only be projected outward through the light-transmitting hole 2114, thus forming a local light spot with clear boundaries, concentrated energy, and controllable shape on the support member 11, which constitutes the basic unit of the sub-welding area. By adjusting the structural design of the shield 2112 (such as the geometry, area, and arrangement of the light-transmitting hole 2114), the irradiation range, energy density, and edge gradient of the local light spots formed by each light source generator 211 can be flexibly controlled, thereby achieving refined management of the temperature field distribution within the sub-welding area.

[0077] For example, see Figure 4 As shown, when the second sub-light source 2102 needs to cover a wider fine grid 202, the multiple light source generators 211 contained therein can be configured with different shapes of light-transmitting holes 2114, so that multiple local light spots can form a continuous, uniform composite heat input surface without obvious hot and cold spots after splicing. As for the light source generators 211 in the sub-light source 21 (i.e., the first sub-light source 2101 and the third sub-light source 2103) used to heat the fine grid endpoint 201, the light spot is concentrated on the smaller area of ​​the fine grid endpoint 201 by configuring the light source generator 211 with the appropriate light-transmitting hole 2114, thereby increasing the energy density per unit area and ensuring sufficient welding.

[0078] In summary, by setting a combination structure of a light-transmitting lampshade 2111, a shield 2112, and a light-emitting body 2113 in the light source generator 211, not only is precise control of the light spot shape and energy distribution in the sub-welding area achieved, but the welding light source 2 is also able to adapt to different battery structures (such as the differentiated layout of fine grid 202 and fine grid endpoint 201 in OBB batteries).

[0079] In some embodiments of this application, a reflective layer 111 is provided on the surface of the shield 2112 facing the light-emitting body 2113. Specifically, the reflective layer 111 can be made of a high-reflectivity material, such as aluminum film, silver film, or other materials with high external reflectivity, so that the radiant energy that does not pass through the light-transmitting hole 2114 and exits the light-transmitting lamp cover 2111 can be reflected, allowing the light emitted by the light-emitting body 2113 to effectively pass through the light-transmitting hole 2114, thereby enhancing the energy density of the effectively emitted light and reducing heat waste. Thus, for the sub-light source 21 of this application, the sub-light source 21 can form a higher and more stable peak temperature within a limited irradiation area, further improving the reliability of welding and effectively suppressing the risk of cold solder joints.

[0080] In some embodiments of this application, among the plurality of sub-light sources 21, at least one sub-light source 21 has a first operating power, and at least another sub-light source 21 has a second operating power. In other words, among the plurality of sub-light sources 21, at least two sub-light sources 21 have different powers, enabling the sub-light sources 21 in the welding light source 2 to generate different temperatures for different regions of the photovoltaic cell 200, thereby achieving the effect of differentiated heating and welding of the welding light source 2 according to different regions of the photovoltaic cell 200 string.

[0081] For example, see [link to relevant documentation] Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, taking the welding light source 2 as an example, it is provided with a first sub-light source 2101, a second sub-light source 2102, and a third sub-light source 2103. The first sub-light source 2101 and the third sub-light source 2103 correspond to the fine grid endpoints 201 on both sides of the photovoltaic cell 200, respectively. Their working power is set to the first working power, which is relatively high, to provide sufficient heat energy to ensure that a strong and low-resistance welding joint is formed between the solder strip and the fine grid endpoints 201. The second sub-light source 2102 corresponds to the fine grid 202 in the middle of the photovoltaic cell 200. Its working power is set to the second working power, which is relatively low, to limit the total heat input and prevent the silver paste of the fine grid 202 from being excessively consumed due to overheating.

[0082] In summary, by setting different operating powers in multiple sub-light sources 21, the welding light source 2 can output differentiated heat energy for different areas of the photovoltaic cell 200, achieving the technical effect of heating each area on demand and precise welding.

[0083] In some embodiments of this application, in the irradiation direction of the welding light source 2 (i.e., the height direction of the photovoltaic cell welding equipment 100), the distance between the welding light source 2 and the support member 11 is configured to include at least a first distance and a second distance.

[0084] Specifically, based on the premise that the output power of each sub-light source 21 remains constant, the actual distance between the sub-light source 21 and the surface of the photovoltaic cell 200 can be changed by adjusting the relative distance between the welding light source 2 as a whole and the support 11. This allows for the regulation of the photothermal energy density received per unit area, thereby achieving dynamic adjustment of the heating temperature of each region of the photovoltaic cell 200. Since light intensity decreases inversely with the square of the propagation distance, increasing the distance between the sub-light source 21 and the photovoltaic cell 200 will reduce the peak temperature of its effective area, while decreasing the distance will increase the local heating intensity. This method can flexibly adapt to the heat input requirements of different photovoltaic cell structures or process windows without changing the power parameters of the light source.

[0085] It should be noted that the above embodiments achieve temperature control by adjusting the overall distance between the welding light source 2 and the support member 11. However, this application is not limited to this. Further, in some preferred embodiments of this application, the distance between each sub-light source 21 in the welding light source 2 and the support member 11 can be adjusted independently. For example, the first sub-light source 2101, the second sub-light source 2102, and the third sub-light source 2103 are each equipped with an independent lifting drive mechanism, so that each sub-light source 21 can move independently along the height direction, thereby setting its distance from the corresponding sub-support area 110.

[0086] In this configuration, even if all sub-light sources 21 can maintain the same output power, the thermal requirements of different areas can be precisely matched by differentiating the spacing between each sub-light source 21 and the photovoltaic cell 200. For example, for the fine grid endpoint 201, the first sub-light source 2101 and the third sub-light source 2103 can be adjusted to a smaller first spacing to provide higher heat input and ensure sufficient melting and reliable connection between the solder strip and the fine grid endpoint 201; while for the middle fine grid 202, the second sub-light source 2102 can be adjusted to a larger second spacing to reduce its irradiation intensity and avoid excessive consumption of silver paste or grid breakage due to overheating.

[0087] In summary, by introducing a design that includes at least a first gap and a second gap between the welding light source 2 and the support 11, the degree of freedom in controlling the heat input of the photovoltaic cell welding equipment 100 is expanded.

[0088] In some embodiments of this application, the size of the sub-welding area formed by the sub-light source 21 includes at least a first size and a second size. In other words, the size of the sub-welding area formed by each sub-light source 21 can be adjusted according to actual welding requirements. This allows it not only to be used to match different functional areas of the photovoltaic cell 200 (such as the fine grid 202 and the fine grid endpoint 201), but also to adapt to different types or specifications of photovoltaic cells 200. By setting the adjustability of the sub-welding area size, the versatility and process adaptability of the photovoltaic cell welding equipment 100 are improved.

[0089] For example, during the manufacturing process of photovoltaic modules, the photovoltaic cells 200 used by different manufacturers or product lines may differ in terms of overall dimensions, grid density, grid endpoint position and area. However, according to the photovoltaic cell welding equipment 100 of this application, by dynamically adjusting the size of the sub-welding area, the photovoltaic cell welding equipment 100 has the ability to adapt to various cell sizes.

[0090] For example, combined Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments of this application, the size adjustment function of the sub-welding area formed by the sub-light source 21 can be mainly achieved by controlling the mask 2112 in the light source generator 211. Specifically, in conjunction with Figure 4 As shown, the light source generator 211 includes a light-transmitting lampshade 2111, a shield 2112, and a light-emitting element 2113. The shield 2112 has a light-transmitting hole 2114 to define the light output area. For example, by replacing the shield 2112 with different opening sizes, or by using an adjustable shield structure (such as an electric slider, a rotating perforated disk, or a flexible aperture array), the effective area and shape of the light-transmitting hole 2114 can be changed, thereby adjusting the projected size and energy distribution profile of the sub-welding area.

[0091] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments of this application, the support platform 1 may further include a drive roller assembly. The drive roller assembly includes at least two roller shafts 12, with multiple roller shafts 12 arranged sequentially along the conveying direction. A support member 11 is annular in shape, sleeved on the drive roller assembly, and its axial direction is parallel to the axial direction of the roller shafts 12. The drive roller assembly is configured to support and drive the support member 11 to rotate, thereby causing the photovoltaic cells 200 placed on the support member 11 to move continuously along the conveying direction. Furthermore, sub-support areas 110 are arranged sequentially within the support member 11 along the axial direction of the roller shafts 12, and each sub-support area 110 extends along the conveying direction.

[0092] It is necessary to understand that, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the conveying direction corresponds to the length direction of the photovoltaic cell welding equipment 100 (i.e., the "front-back" direction shown in the attached figure), while the axial direction of the roller 12 corresponds to the width direction of the photovoltaic cell welding equipment 100 (i.e., the "left-right" direction shown in the attached figure), and the two are arranged perpendicular to each other.

[0093] In this way, without interrupting the illumination of the welding light source 2, the support member 11 can rotate around the roller shaft 12 under the drive of the drive roller group, and smoothly and continuously transport the photovoltaic cell 200 through the welding area of ​​the welding light source 2. This achieves continuous and uniform passage through each sub-welding area, effectively improving the cycle efficiency and production continuity of the welding process.

[0094] It should be further noted that, in some of the above embodiments, the photovoltaic cell 200, driven by the support platform 1, moves along the conveying direction through the continuous rotation of the support member 11, allowing the welding light source 2 to sequentially heat different parts of the photovoltaic cell 200 in sections, thereby completing the overall welding of the photovoltaic cell 200. This method is applicable to high-cycle, continuous, large-scale production scenarios and has good process compatibility and equipment integration.

[0095] However, this application is not limited to this. In some other embodiments of this application, the irradiation range of the welding light source 2 is configured to completely cover the effective welding area of ​​the entire photovoltaic cell 200. Thus, during the welding process, the photovoltaic cell 200 can be placed statically on the support member 11 of the carrying platform 1 without moving along the conveying direction, thereby achieving one-time synchronous welding of all its fine grids 202 and fine grid endpoints 201.

[0096] In this static welding mode, since the photovoltaic cell 200 remains stationary, the welding process time is more precisely controlled and the heat input distribution is more stable. This mode is particularly suitable for high-end battery products that require extremely high welding consistency or are sensitive to mechanical vibration.

[0097] In some embodiments of this application, combined with Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the welding light source 2 of the photovoltaic cell welding equipment 100 is specifically configured to include three sub-light sources 21, namely the first sub-light source 2101, the second sub-light source 2102, and the third sub-light source 2103. The three sub-light sources 21 are arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the roller shaft 12 (i.e., the width direction of the photovoltaic cell welding equipment 100, the "left-right" direction shown in the attached figure), forming a transversely distributed multi-zone heating structure. Correspondingly, the support member 11 of the bearing platform 1 is also divided into three sub-support areas 110, namely the first sub-support area 1101, the second sub-support area 1102, and the third sub-support area 1103, which are also arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the roller shaft 12, corresponding one-to-one with the sub-light sources 21 above.

[0098] In the irradiation direction of the welding light source 2 (i.e., the height direction of the photovoltaic cell welding equipment 100, the "up-down" direction), the first sub-welding area formed by the downward irradiation of the first sub-light source 2101 coincides with the first sub-support area 1101 in spatial projection; the second sub-welding area formed by the irradiation of the second sub-light source 2102 coincides with the second sub-support area 1102; and the third sub-welding area formed by the irradiation of the third sub-light source 2103 coincides with the third sub-support area 1103. Based on this, it is ensured that the energy input of each sub-welding area is precisely applied to its corresponding sub-support area 110 and the specific part of the photovoltaic cell 200 supported above it, avoiding thermal field misalignment or energy waste, thereby achieving directional and zoned temperature control of different functional areas of the photovoltaic cell 200.

[0099] Specifically, when the photovoltaic cell 200 is placed on the support 11, the photovoltaic cell 200 has a densely packed fine grid 202 in the middle for collecting photocurrent; the two ends of the fine grid 202 are respectively connected to fine grid endpoints 201 (i.e., PAD points), which serve as key contact areas for current collection and conduction to the solder ribbon. Based on this, in the operating state of the equipment, the first sub-support area 1101 and the third sub-support area 1103 are used to support the fine grid endpoints 201 on both sides of the photovoltaic cell 200, while the second sub-support area 1102 is used to support the fine grid 202 located in the middle area. Among them, the first fine grid endpoint 2011 is connected to one end of the fine grid 202 (e.g., the right end) and is supported by the first sub-support area 1101; the second fine grid endpoint 2012 is connected to the other end of the fine grid 202 (e.g., the left end) and is supported by the third sub-support area 1103.

[0100] Since the fine grid endpoint 201 is a critical part where the solder strip directly contacts and forms a metallurgical bond, its welding quality directly affects the electrical performance and mechanical reliability of the module. Therefore, it requires a high welding temperature to ensure sufficient melting and avoid cold solder joints. The fine grid 202 itself is formed from a small amount of silver paste, with a limited silver content and extremely fine linewidth. If overheated, it is prone to violently reacting with the tin in the solder strip, causing the silver layer to be rapidly consumed, leading to failure modes such as grid breakage, increased contact resistance, or even localized burnout. Therefore, the fine grid 202 is more sensitive to welding temperature, and the total heat input must be strictly controlled.

[0101] Based on the aforementioned differentiated thermal requirements, this application utilizes a coordinated configuration of sub-light source 21 and sub-support region 110. Specifically, the first sub-light source 2101 and the third sub-light source 2103 are configured to output higher operating power, and together with the highly reflective first sub-support region 1101 and the third sub-support region 1103, they provide sufficient and stable heat energy to the fine grid endpoints 201 on both sides, ensuring that a full, low-resistance, and high-tensile reliable weld joint is formed between the solder strip and the fine grid endpoints 201. The second sub-light source 2102 is configured to output relatively lower operating power, and the second sub-support region 1102 adopts a lower reflectivity, which synergistically suppresses the heat input of the fine grid 202 from both the top and bottom directions, effectively preventing silver paste loss and structural damage caused by excessive temperature or heat accumulation.

[0102] Furthermore, the three sub-welding zones are spatially distinct, with adjacent zones having connected but non-intersecting boundaries, ensuring that the thermal fields in each zone are independent and do not interfere with each other. This non-overlapping zoning design not only improves the accuracy of temperature control but also avoids local overheating or underheating caused by thermal field coupling, further enhancing the stability and repeatability of the welding process.

[0103] In summary, by setting three sub-light sources 21 and three sub-support areas 110, arranged sequentially and corresponding one-to-one along the axial direction of the roller 12, the photovoltaic cell welding equipment 100 of this application can accurately match the spatial layout and thermal process requirements of the fine grid 202 and the fine grid endpoint 201 in the photovoltaic cell 200, achieving the differentiated temperature distribution requirements of "high-low-high". Therefore, according to the photovoltaic cell welding equipment 100 of this application, while ensuring the sufficiency of welding of the fine grid endpoint 201, the temperature-sensitive fine grid 202 is effectively protected, thus taking into account the overall welding reliability, material integrity and process efficiency, and significantly improving the quality consistency and production yield of photovoltaic cell 200 welding.

[0104] Furthermore, in some embodiments of this application, the first sub-light source 2101, the second sub-light source 2102, and the third sub-light source 2103 are configured to satisfy specific symmetry and differentiation relationships in terms of power, irradiation area, and reflectivity of the corresponding sub-support area 110. This further enhances the photovoltaic cell welding equipment 100's ability to accurately match the heat input of different functional areas of the photovoltaic cell 200.

[0105] Specifically, the power of the first sub-light source 2101 is W1, the power of the second sub-light source 2102 is W2, and the power of the third sub-light source 2103 is W3. The three satisfy the relational expression: W1=W3≠W2. This power configuration accurately responds to the differentiated heating requirements of the fine grid end portions 201 and the fine grid 202 on both sides of the photovoltaic cell 200. Since the first fine grid end portion 2011 and the second fine grid end portion 2012 are completely symmetrical in terms of structure, material and welding reliability requirements, the first sub-light source 2101 and the third sub-light source 2103 adopt the same high power output (W1=W3), so as to ensure that the end portions on both sides obtain consistent and sufficient heat energy, guarantee that a uniform, full metallurgical bonding with low contact resistance is formed between the welding ribbon and the fine grid end portions 201, and effectively suppress the risk of incomplete welding. However, the second sub-light source 2102 corresponding to the fine grid 202 adopts a lower power W2 (W2<W1=W3), so as to limit the total heat input, avoid excessive reaction between the silver paste of the fine grid 202 and the tin material of the welding ribbon caused by overheating, thereby preventing the occurrence of failure modes such as grid breakage, silver layer depletion or local burning.

[0106] Further, the area of the first sub-welding zone is S1, the area of the second sub-welding zone is S2, and the area of the third sub-welding zone is S3. The three satisfy the relational expression: S1=S3≠S2. This area configuration matches the actual geometric layout of the fine grid end portions 201 and the fine grid 202 on the photovoltaic cell 200. Since the two fine grid end portions 201 generally have similar size and shape, the required effective heating areas are basically the same. Therefore, the first sub-welding zone and the third sub-welding zone are set to have the same area (S1=S3), so as to achieve uniform coverage and energy concentration on the end portion areas on both sides. However, as a dense linear structure extending along the width direction of the cell, the overall coverage area of the fine grid 202 is significantly larger than that of a single fine grid end portion 201, so the area S2 of the second sub-welding zone is set to be different from S1 and S3 (usually S2>S1=S3), so as to ensure that the entire fine grid 202 is heated completely and continuously. Meanwhile, by cooperating with the lower power W2, a suitable energy density per unit area is maintained to avoid local overheating.

[0107] In addition, the first sub-support region 1101 has a reflectance of R1, the second sub-support region 1102 has a reflectance of R2, and the third sub-support region 1103 has a reflectance of R3, which satisfy the relational expression: R1=R3≠R2. This reflectance configuration cooperatively regulates the actual heating effect of each region through the reflection characteristic of the lower surface of the support member 11. Specifically, the first sub-support region 1101 and the third sub-support region 1103 are made of high-reflectance materials (such as high-reflection aluminum film or silver-plated layer), so that R1=R3, which can efficiently reflect the radiant heat from the first sub-light source 2101 and the third sub-light source 2103 above, form bottom-up auxiliary heating for the fine grid endpoints 201 on both sides, enhance the utilization rate of heat energy and improve the welding sufficiency. The second sub-support region 1102 adopts a low-reflectance design (such as coating a light-absorbing coating or using a black high-temperature resistant substrate), so that its reflectance R2 is significantly lower than R1 and R3 (that is, R2<R1=R3), thereby reducing the heat reflected to the fine grid 202. Acting together with the low-power second sub-light source 2102 above, the dual suppression of heat input to the fine grid 202 is realized, and the temperature-sensitive silver paste fine grid 202 structure is effectively protected.

[0108] In conclusion, by setting the synergistic parameter relationships of W1=W3≠W2, S1=S3≠S2 and R1=R3≠R2, the photovoltaic cell welding device 100 of the present application achieves the capability of accurately matching the heat input to different functional regions of the photovoltaic cell 200 in three dimensions of power output, spot coverage and reflection heating. It not only ensures that the fine grid endpoints 201 obtain sufficient heat energy required for high-reliability welding, but also limits the heat accumulation effect of the fine grid 202, thereby overall taking into account welding strength, material integrity and process stability.

[0109] According to the welding method for a photovoltaic cell 200 of the present application, the welding method is applied to the photovoltaic cell welding device 100 according to some of the above embodiments. The welding method comprises step P1 and step P2.

[0110] Step P1: placing the photovoltaic cell 200 on the support member 11 of the carrying platform 1, and controlling each part of the photovoltaic cell 200 to be arranged correspondingly to the corresponding sub-support region 110 of the support member 11.

[0111] Step P2: irradiating towards the corresponding sub-support regions 110 through each sub-light source 21 of the welding light source 2, and determining the corresponding sub-welding regions, so as to fusion-weld each part of the photovoltaic cell 200.

[0112] In step P1, the photovoltaic cell 200 is placed on the support member 11 of the support platform 1. The support member 11 is divided into at least two sub-support areas 110 along the width direction of the photovoltaic cell welding equipment 100 (i.e., the "left-right" direction shown in the figure), such as a first sub-support area 1101, a second sub-support area 1102, and a third sub-support area 1103. Each sub-support area 110 has a different reflectivity and is configured to correspond to different functional areas of the photovoltaic cell 200. Specifically, when the photovoltaic cell 200 is placed on the support member 11, the fine grid endpoints 201 on both sides of it (i.e., the first fine grid endpoint 2011 and the second fine grid endpoint 2012) are aligned with the first sub-support area 1101 and the third sub-support area 1103, respectively; the fine grid 202 is aligned with the second sub-support area 1102.

[0113] Since the first fine grid endpoint 2011 and the second fine grid endpoint 2012 are symmetrical and consistent in terms of structure and welding requirements, the first sub-support region 1101 and the third sub-support region 1103 adopt the same high reflectivity design; while the fine grid 202 is heat-sensitive, the second sub-support region 1102 adopts a lower reflectivity to reduce reflected heat from below. Through this corresponding arrangement, it is ensured that each functional area of ​​the photovoltaic cell 200 can obtain a thermal environment that matches its material properties and process requirements during subsequent heating.

[0114] Additionally, in step P2, multiple sub-light sources 21 in the welding light source 2 (e.g., the first sub-light source 2101, the second sub-light source 2102, and the third sub-light source 2103) irradiate their respective sub-support areas 110 below them, forming multiple spatially non-overlapping sub-welding areas on the surface of the support member 11. Each sub-welding area precisely covers a specific functional area of ​​the photovoltaic cell 200 and completely overlaps with the sub-support area 110 below it in spatial projection. Specifically, the first sub-light source 2101 and the third sub-light source 2103 operate at high power, and the sub-welding areas they form act on the first fine grid endpoint 2011 and the second fine grid endpoint 2012, respectively. At the same time, the high reflectivity of the first sub-support area 1101 and the third sub-support area 1103 efficiently reflects the incident light and heat energy, assisting in heating the fine grid endpoint 201 from below. Thus, under the synergistic effect of both above and below, a reliable metallurgical bond with sufficient melting, low contact resistance, and high tensile strength is ensured between the solder strip and the fine grid endpoint 201, effectively suppressing the risk of incomplete welding.

[0115] Meanwhile, the second sub-light source 2102 operates at a lower power, and the sub-welding area it forms covers the entire fine gate 202; while the low reflectivity of the second sub-support area 1102 reduces reflected heat from below, together with the low-power irradiation from above, forming a dual temperature control mechanism to limit the total heat input and peak temperature of the fine gate 202. Thus, the basic fusion welding requirements between the solder strip and the fine gate 202 are met, while effectively preventing failure modes such as excessive silver paste consumption, gate breakage, or localized burnout caused by excessively rapid tin-silver reaction.

[0116] In summary, according to the welding method of the photovoltaic cell 200 of this application, through the precise alignment of the photovoltaic cell 200 and the sub-support region 110 in step P1, and the coordinated irradiation and reflection heating of the multi-sub-light source 21 and the multi-sub-support region 110 in step P2, differentiated and precise heat input control of different functional areas of the photovoltaic cell 200 is achieved. This welding method not only fully meets the high welding temperature requirements of the fine grid endpoint 201, effectively ensuring welding sufficiency and connection reliability, but also strictly protects the temperature-sensitive fine grid 202, avoiding material damage and performance degradation. Therefore, the overall accuracy, efficiency, stability, and product yield of the welding process are significantly improved.

[0117] In some embodiments of this application, the supporting platform 1 includes a drive roller assembly, and the support member 11 is constructed in a ring shape, with the support member 11 sleeved on the drive roller assembly. The drive roller assembly is configured to support and drive the support member 11 to rotate. Furthermore, the welding method for the photovoltaic cell 200 also includes step P3.

[0118] Step P3: The drive roller group controls the conveying speed of the support component 11 based on the welding parameters of the photovoltaic cell 200.

[0119] Welding parameters may include welding temperature, which is the temperature at which the sub-light source 21 acts on the photovoltaic cell 200. The welding temperature is configured based on the power of the sub-light source 21, the distance between the sub-light source 21 and the photovoltaic cell 200, and the reflectivity of the sub-support region 110.

[0120] Specifically, the drive roller assembly includes at least two roller shafts 12, with multiple roller shafts 12 arranged sequentially along the conveying direction. A support member 11 is annularly fitted around the outer periphery of the roller shafts 12 of the drive roller assembly, with its axial direction parallel to the axial direction of the roller shafts 12. The drive roller assembly drives the roller shafts 12 to rotate via a motor or other drive device, thereby driving the annular support member 11 to rotate cyclically around the roller shafts 12, achieving continuous conveying of the photovoltaic cells 200 placed on them. Furthermore, the drive roller assembly can integrate a speed control module, configured to dynamically adjust the conveying speed of the support member 11 according to preset welding parameters, ensuring that the photovoltaic cells 200 receive precise and stable heat input when passing through each sub-welding zone.

[0121] It is important to understand that welding temperature, as a core process parameter affecting welding quality, directly determines the metallurgical bonding effect between the welding strip and the fine grid 202 and its endpoints 201 in the photovoltaic cell 200. This welding temperature is not solely determined by the output power of the sub-light source 21, but is the result of the combined effect of multiple factors. Specifically, the welding temperature can be modeled and controlled based on the following three key variables:

[0122] (1) Working power of sub-light source 21: The higher the power, the greater the radiant energy per unit time and the stronger the heat input;

[0123] (2) Spacing between sub-light source 21 and the surface of photovoltaic cell 200: The smaller the spacing, the higher the photothermal energy density and the more significant the local temperature rise;

[0124] (3) Reflectivity of sub-support area 110: The high reflectivity area can reflect more incident light back to the back of photovoltaic cell 200, forming auxiliary heating and increasing the actual heating temperature, while the low reflectivity area suppresses reflected heat and reduces the heat accumulation effect.

[0125] Based on the above relationships, this application establishes a mapping model between welding temperature and the aforementioned three factors, and pre-sets the target welding temperature range required for different functional areas (such as fine grid endpoint 201 and fine grid 202202). During the actual welding process, the control system calculates or looks up the theoretical welding temperature achievable in the area based on the power of the currently used sub-light source 21, the actual distance between the sub-light source 21 and the support member 11, and the reflectivity of the corresponding sub-support area 110. If the theoretical temperature deviates from the target range, compensation is made by adjusting the conveying speed of the support member 11: when the theoretical temperature is too high, the conveying speed is appropriately increased to shorten the residence time of the photovoltaic cell 200 in the sub-welding area, thereby reducing heat accumulation; conversely, when the theoretical temperature is too low, the conveying speed is reduced to extend the heating time, ensuring that the welding strip fully melts and forms a reliable connection.

[0126] In summary, by introducing step P3 into the photovoltaic cell welding method—that is, the drive roller group controlling the conveying speed of the support 11 based on welding parameters (especially the welding temperature determined by the power of the sub-light source 21, the distance between the sub-light source 21 and the photovoltaic cell 200, and the reflectivity of the sub-support area 110)—this application achieves precise control of welding heat input in the time dimension. This not only enhances the adaptability of the photovoltaic cell welding equipment 100 to different cell structures, material properties, and process windows, but also effectively improves the consistency, stability, and yield of the welding process, making it particularly suitable for high-cycle, continuous large-scale photovoltaic module production lines.

[0127] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features of the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0128] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic cell welding device, characterized in that, include: A support platform (1), wherein the support member (11) of the support platform (1) is used to place photovoltaic cells (200); A welding light source (2) comprising at least two sub-light sources (21), each sub-light source (21) irradiating the support member (11) to form a plurality of sub-welding areas, each sub-welding area being configured to correspond to a different part of the photovoltaic cell (200); and, The support member (11) includes at least two sub-support areas (110), each of the sub-support areas (110) being configured to correspond to a different part of the photovoltaic cell (200), wherein the reflectivity of at least two of the sub-support areas (110) is different.

2. The photovoltaic cell welding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two adjacent sub-welding areas do not overlap.

3. The photovoltaic cell welding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support member (11) includes a reflective layer (111) and a support layer (112), wherein the reflective layer (111) is stacked on the side of the support layer (112) facing the welding light source (2); the reflective layer (111) includes at least two reflectors (1110), wherein the reflectivity of the at least two reflectors (1110) is different, and each reflector (1110) is configured as a sub-support area (110).

4. The photovoltaic cell welding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sub-light source (21) includes at least one light source generator (211); The light source generator (211) includes: a light-transmitting lamp cover (2111), a shield (2112), and a light-emitting body (2113). The shield (2112) shields the light-transmitting lamp cover (2111) to form a light-transmitting hole (2114). The light-emitting body (2113) is disposed inside the light-transmitting lamp cover (2111). The light emitted by the light-emitting body (2113) passes through the light-transmitting hole (2114) to form the sub-welding area.

5. The photovoltaic cell welding equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that, The surface of the shield (2112) facing the light source (2113) is provided with a reflective layer.

6. The photovoltaic cell welding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the plurality of said sub-light sources (21), at least one of said sub-light sources (21) has a power of a first operating power, and at least another said sub-light source (21) has a power of a second operating power; and / or, In the irradiation direction of the welding light source (2), the distance between the welding light source (2) and the support member (11) includes at least a first distance and a second distance; and / or, The dimensions of the sub-welding area formed by the sub-light source (21) include at least a first dimension and a second dimension.

7. The photovoltaic cell welding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carrying platform (1) further includes: a drive roller group, the drive roller group including at least two roller shafts (12), and a plurality of roller shafts (12) arranged sequentially along the conveying direction; The support member (11) is ring-shaped and is sleeved on the drive roller group. The axial direction of the support member (11) is parallel to the axial direction of the roller shaft (12). The drive roller group is configured to support and drive the support member (11) to rotate. The conveying direction is perpendicular to the axial direction of the roller (12).

8. The photovoltaic cell welding equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that, In the axial direction of the roller shaft (12), a plurality of sub-light sources (21) are arranged sequentially, such that a plurality of sub-welding areas are arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the roller shaft (12) in the support member (11); and, The sub-support areas (110) are arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the roller shaft (12) in the support member (11), and each sub-support area (110) extends along the conveying direction.

9. The photovoltaic cell welding equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that, The number of sub-light sources (21) is configured to be three, namely a first sub-light source (2101), a second sub-light source (2102), and a third sub-light source (2103), which are arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the roller shaft (12); and the number of sub-support areas (110) is configured to be three, namely a first sub-support area (1101), a second sub-support area (1102), and a third sub-support area (1103), which are arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the roller shaft (12); In the irradiation direction of the welding light source (2), the first sub-welding area formed by the first sub-light source (2101) coincides with the first sub-support area (1101), the second sub-welding area formed by the second sub-light source (2102) coincides with the second sub-support area (1102), and the third sub-welding area formed by the third sub-light source (2103) coincides with the third sub-support area (1103). The first sub-support area (1101) and the third sub-support area (1103) are respectively used to support the fine grid endpoints (201) located on both sides of the photovoltaic cell (200), and the second sub-support area (1102) is used to support the fine grid (202) of the photovoltaic cell (200); the two fine grid endpoints (201) are connected to the two ends of the fine grid (202).

10. The photovoltaic cell welding equipment according to claim 9, characterized in that, The power of the first sub-light source (2101) is W1, the power of the second sub-light source (2102) is W2, and the power of the third sub-light source (2103) is W3, satisfying the relationship: W1=W3≠W2; The area of ​​the first sub-welding area is S1, the area of ​​the second sub-light source (2102) is S2, and the area of ​​the third sub-light source (2103) is S3, satisfying the relationship: S1=S3≠S2; The reflectivity of the first sub-welding area is R1, the reflectivity of the second sub-light source (2102) is R2, and the reflectivity of the third sub-light source (2103) is R3, satisfying the relationship: R1=R3≠R2.

11. A method for welding photovoltaic cells, used in photovoltaic cell welding equipment as described in any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that, The welding method includes: The photovoltaic cell (200) is placed on the support member (11) of the bearing platform (1), and the various parts of the photovoltaic cell (200) are configured to correspond to the sub-support area (110) of the support member (11). By irradiating the corresponding sub-support area (110) with each of the sub-light sources (21) of the welding light source (2), the corresponding sub-welding area is determined so as to weld the various parts of the photovoltaic cell (200).

12. The photovoltaic cell welding method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The carrying platform (1) further includes: a drive roller group, the support member (11) is constructed in a ring shape, the support member (11) is sleeved on the drive roller group, and the drive roller group is configured to support and drive the support member (11) to rotate; The welding method further includes: The drive roller assembly controls the conveying speed of the support member (11) based on the welding parameters of the photovoltaic cell (200).

13. The photovoltaic cell welding method according to claim 12, characterized in that, The welding parameters include: The welding temperature is the temperature at which the sub-light source (21) acts on the photovoltaic cell (200); The welding temperature is configured based on the power of the sub-light source (21), the distance between the sub-light source (21) and the photovoltaic cell (200), and the reflectivity of the sub-support area (110).

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