A four-way presser jaw device and bus bar press head unit

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of four-way pressure jaw device and bus bar pressure head unit, four-way pressure jaw device includes first mounting plate, intermediate pressure head component, first side pressure head component and second side pressure head component, intermediate pressure head component includes first buffer mechanism and intermediate pressure head mechanism, intermediate pressure head mechanism includes two groups of intermediate pawl group and intermediate fixed seat, two through holes are formed in intermediate fixed seat.The four-way pressure jaw device adopts three independent pressure head components to form symmetrical four-way pressure holding structure, and four bus bars arranged in front and back and left and right in the same terminal box can be synchronously limited and pressed.The bus bar pressure head unit includes fixed frame, first three-axis moving device and four-way pressure jaw device.The bus bar pressure head unit can not only control four-way pressure jaw device to complete the welding of first terminal box four bus bars before pressing flat, but also can use two-way pressure jaw device to complete the welding of second terminal box two bus bars before pressing flat, to meet the special welding requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of welding technology, and in particular to a four-way pressure claw device and a manifold pressure head unit. Background Technology

[0002] In the production of photovoltaic modules, the reliable connection between the photovoltaic junction box and the busbar is a key process to ensure stable current output and extend the lifespan of the module. Currently, the mainstream process uses laser welding, which requires the busbar inserted into the junction box to be precisely flattened and tightly fitted to the bottom surface of the junction box before welding, thus avoiding defects such as incomplete welds and missing welds. Figure 1 The diagram shows a photovoltaic module 100, which has a first junction box 101a and a second junction box 101b. Each of the first junction box 101a and the second junction box 101b is passed through by a busbar 102. The number of busbars 102 on the two sides is different. The first junction box 101a has four busbars 102, which are pressed flat in the four directions of front, back, left and right. The second junction box 101b has only two busbars 102, which are pressed flat on opposite sides.

[0003] Chinese patents CN115846799A and CN221935098U both employ a single pressing module and a single drive structure, which can only adapt to a single specification of junction box. They cannot simultaneously accommodate the different pressing conditions of the first junction box (four-way busbar with unequal X / Y spacing) and the second junction box (two-way busbar), requiring separate equipment operation, resulting in low efficiency and high cost. In particular, there is no dedicated pressing claw device to adapt to the four-way busbar.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to design a dedicated clamping device and equipment to meet the pre-welding clamping requirements of special junction boxes. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to provide a four-way clamping device that enables synchronous flattening of the four busbars in the first junction box of a photovoltaic module, thus providing pre-positioning for laser welding.

[0006] The present invention achieves the above objective through the following technical solution: a four-way pressure claw device, comprising a first mounting plate, a middle pressure head assembly, a first side pressure head assembly, and a second side pressure head assembly, wherein the first side pressure head assembly, the middle pressure head assembly, and the second side pressure head assembly are arranged and fixed in sequence along the X direction on the Y direction surface of the first mounting plate; The intermediate pressure head assembly includes a first buffer mechanism and an intermediate pressure head mechanism. The first buffer mechanism provides flexible buffering for the intermediate pressure head mechanism. The intermediate pressure head mechanism includes an intermediate fixed seat and two sets of intermediate claw groups. The intermediate fixed seat adopts an L-shaped integrated structure, with the lower part extending horizontally along the Y direction. Two sets of intermediate claw groups are mounted side by side in the Y direction at the lower part of the intermediate fixed seat. The intermediate fixed seat has two through holes for vertical laser penetration, and each through hole is adapted to the welding gap of one intermediate claw group. The first side pressure head assembly and the second side pressure head assembly are structurally symmetrical, including a second buffer mechanism and a first side pressure head mechanism. The second buffer mechanism provides flexible buffering for the first side pressure head mechanism. The first side pressure head mechanism includes a first side fixed seat and a first side claw group. The first side claw group extends outward from below the first side fixed seat, so that the first side fixed seat does not block the laser light path passing through the first side claw group.

[0007] Specifically, a first slide rail guide mechanism is provided between the intermediate fixed seat and the first mounting plate, which provides precise guidance for the Z-axis lifting and lowering of the intermediate pawl assembly; a second slide rail guide mechanism is provided between the first side fixed seat and the first mounting plate, which provides precise guidance for the Z-axis lifting and lowering of the first side pawl assembly.

[0008] Furthermore, it includes a first height sensing mechanism for real-time detection of the relative height between the intermediate claw assembly and the first mounting plate. The first height sensing mechanism includes a first light-shielding plate and a first photoelectric sensor. The first light-shielding plate is vertically fixed to the side wall of the intermediate fixing seat. The first photoelectric sensor is a slot-shaped photoelectric sensor, which is fixedly installed on the upper part of the first mounting plate. It can sense the insertion and withdrawal status of the upper end of the first light-shielding plate in real time to control the downward pressing end point of the four-way pressure claw device.

[0009] Furthermore, the intermediate fixing seat is provided with a first limiting strip, which extends to both sides along the Y direction, and the two sides of the first limiting strip abut against the upward surfaces of the two first side fixing seats respectively.

[0010] Specifically, it also includes a first suction hood surrounding the overall periphery of the intermediate pressure head mechanism, the first side pressure head assembly, and the second side pressure head assembly, with a through hole reserved at the upper part of the first suction hood for the laser beam path to penetrate.

[0011] Specifically, the first buffer mechanism consists of a stop block, a shaft, and a spring. The stop block is fixedly connected to the upper part of the first mounting plate. The shaft suspends the intermediate pressure head mechanism below the stop block. The spring is sleeved on the shaft, with its upper end abutting against the lower surface of the stop block and its lower end abutting against the upper surface of the intermediate pressure head mechanism. The second buffer mechanism has the same structure as the first buffer mechanism.

[0012] Specifically, each set of intermediate claw groups and each set of first side claw groups are equipped with air blowing pipes, which are used to continuously blow air into the welding gap.

[0013] Another major objective of this invention is to provide a busbar pressing head unit that can control the four-way pressing claw device to automatically align and complete the pre-welding flattening work of the four busbars in the first junction box.

[0014] The present invention achieves the above-mentioned objective through the following technical solution: a busbar pressure head unit, comprising a fixed frame, a first three-axis moving device, and the aforementioned four-directional pressure claw device, wherein the first three-axis moving device comprises a first X-axis moving module, a first Y-axis moving module, a first Z-axis moving module, and a first vision mechanism; the first X-axis moving module is fixedly mounted on the fixed frame; the first Y-axis moving module is slidably assembled on the output end of the first X-axis moving module, and is driven by the first X-axis moving module to complete the X-axis horizontal displacement adjustment; the first Z-axis moving module is vertically assembled on the output end of the first Y-axis moving module, and can realize Y-axis follow-up and its own Z-axis lifting and lowering; the four-directional pressure claw device and the first vision mechanism are both fixed on the output end of the first Z-axis moving module.

[0015] Specifically, it also includes a second three-axis moving device and a bidirectional pressure gripper device. The second three-axis moving device includes a second X-axis moving module, a second Y-axis moving module, a second Z-axis moving module, and a second vision mechanism. The second X-axis moving module is fixed to the fixed frame, and the second Y-axis moving module is slidably mounted on the second X-axis moving module and driven by the second X-axis moving module to achieve X-axis displacement. The second Z-axis moving module is assembled at the output end of the second Y-axis moving module and can achieve Y-axis follow-up and its own Z-axis lifting. The bidirectional pressure gripper device and the second vision mechanism are fixed to the output end of the second Z-axis moving module.

[0016] Furthermore, the bidirectional pressure claw device includes a second mounting plate, a third side pressure head assembly, and a fourth side pressure head assembly. The third side pressure head assembly and the fourth side pressure head assembly are arranged side by side along the X direction on the Y direction surface of the second mounting plate. The structures of the third side pressure head assembly and the fourth side pressure head assembly are the same as those of the first side pressure head assembly, including a third buffer mechanism and a second side pressure head mechanism. The second side pressure head mechanism includes a second side fixing seat and a second side claw assembly.

[0017] Furthermore, it includes a second height sensing mechanism for real-time detection of the relative height between a second side claw assembly and a second mounting plate. The second height sensing mechanism includes a second light-shielding plate and a second photoelectric sensor. The second light-shielding plate is vertically fixed to the side wall of one of the second side mounting seats. The second photoelectric sensor is a slot-type photoelectric sensor, fixedly installed on the upper part of the second mounting plate, which can sense the insertion and withdrawal status of the upper end of the second light-shielding plate in real time to control the downward pressing end point of the bidirectional claw device. A second limiting strip is fixedly installed on the second side mounting seat connected to the second light-shielding plate. The second limiting strip extends unilaterally along the Y direction, and its end abuts against the upward surface of the other second side mounting seat.

[0018] Furthermore, it also includes a second suction hood surrounding the overall periphery of the third side pressure head assembly and the fourth side pressure head assembly, with a through hole reserved in the upper part of the second suction hood for the laser beam path to penetrate; each set of second side claws is provided with an air blowing pipe, which is used to continuously blow air into the welding gap.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the technical solution of this invention are: 1. The four-way pressure claw device uses three independent pressure head components to form a symmetrical four-way pressure holding structure, which can simultaneously limit and press four busbars arranged in the front, back, left and right of the same junction box.

[0020] 2. The busbar pressing head unit can independently control the four-way pressing claw device to flatten the four busbars of the first junction box before welding, and can also use the two-way pressing claw device to flatten the two busbars of the second junction box before welding, thus meeting special welding requirements. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic module; Figure 2 This is a perspective view of the busbar pressure head unit in the embodiment; Figure 3 for Figure 2 A magnified view of a portion of position A in the middle; Figure 4 for Figure 2 A magnified view of a portion of position B in the middle; Figure 5 A perspective view of the uncovered part of the four-way gripper device; Figure 6 Diagram showing the working state of the four-way gripper device with the first junction box after the cover is removed; Figure 7 A perspective view of the uncovered part of the bidirectional pressure claw device; Figure 8 This is a diagram showing the working state of the two-way pressure claw device's cover-removing section and the second junction box.

[0022] The numbers in the diagram represent: 100 - Photovoltaic module; 101a - First junction box; 101b - Second junction box; 102 - Busbar; 200-Busbar Pressure Head Unit 1-Fixed frame; 2-First three-axis moving device, 21-First X-axis moving module, 22-First Y-axis moving module, 23-First Z-axis moving module, 24-First vision mechanism; 3-Second three-axis moving device, 31-Second X-axis moving module, 32-Second Y-axis moving module, 33-Second Z-axis moving module, 34-Second vision mechanism; 4-Four-way pressure claw device, 41-First mounting plate, 42-Intermediate pressure head assembly, 421-First buffer mechanism, 4211-Stop, 4212-Shaft, 4213-Spring, 422-Intermediate pressure head mechanism, 4221-Intermediate fixed seat, 42211-Through hole, 4222-Intermediate claw assembly, 42221-Blowing pipe, 4223-First limiting strip, 423-First slide rail guide mechanism, 43a-First side pressure head assembly, 43b-Second side pressure head assembly, 431-Second buffer mechanism, 432-First side pressure head mechanism, 4321-First side fixed seat, 4322-First side claw assembly, 433-Second slide rail guide mechanism, 44-First height sensing mechanism, 441-First light shield, 442-First photoelectric sensor, 45-First suction hood; 5-Bidirectional pressure claw device, 51-Second mounting plate, 52a-Third side pressure head assembly, 52b-Fourth side pressure head assembly, 521-Third buffer mechanism, 522-Second side pressure head mechanism, 5221-Second side fixed seat, 5222-Second side claw assembly, 5223-Second limit bar, 523-Third slide rail guide mechanism, 53-Second height sensing mechanism, 531-Second light shield, 532-Second photoelectric sensor, 54-Second suction hood. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0024] In the following content, the X and Y directions are both in the horizontal plane and perpendicular to each other, and the Z direction is the vertical direction.

[0025] Example: This embodiment discloses a busbar pressing unit 200, which is a component of a photovoltaic module busbar welding equipment. It is mainly used for the automated pressing of the junction boxes (first junction box 101a and second junction box 101b) of the photovoltaic module 100 with the busbars 102, ensuring that the busbars 102 passing through the bottom surface of the junction box adhere to the inner bottom surface of the junction box. This ensures that laser welding connects the busbars 102 to the wiring inside the junction box, avoiding defects such as incomplete soldering. All busbars 102 are strip-shaped structures. In this embodiment, four busbars pass through the first junction box 101a and are pressed flat in the four directions (front, back, left, and right). The spacing between the busbars in the left and right directions (corresponding to the X direction of the device) is greater than the spacing between the busbars in the front and back directions (corresponding to the Y direction of the device). Two busbars pass through the second junction box 101b and are pressed flat in the left and right directions.

[0026] like Figure 2 As shown, the busbar pressing head unit 200 includes a fixed frame 1, a first three-axis moving device 2, a second three-axis moving device 3, a four-way pressing claw device 4, and a two-way pressing claw device 5. The fixed frame 1 serves as the load-bearing base of the entire device, providing a stable installation reference and operational support for each functional component. All moving pressing mechanisms rely on the fixed frame 1 for assembly and operation, ensuring the overall stability and coaxiality of the device. The first three-axis moving device 2 provides precise movement adjustment in the XYZ three-axis directions for the four-way pressing claw device 4. The four-way pressing claw device 4 is used to flatten the four busbars within the first junction box 101a. The second three-axis moving device 3 operates independently of the first three-axis moving device 2, driving the two-way pressing claw device 5 to achieve precise movement adjustment in the XYZ three-axis directions. The two-way pressing claw device 5 is used to flatten the two busbars within the second junction box 101b. The busbar pressing head unit 200 can independently control the four-way pressing claw device 4 to flatten the four busbars of the first junction box 101a before welding, and can also use the bidirectional pressing claw device 5 to flatten the two busbars of the second junction box 101b before welding, thus meeting specialized welding requirements.

[0027] like Figure 2As shown, the first three-axis moving device 2 is fixedly mounted on the fixed frame 1. The first three-axis moving device 2 includes a first X-axis moving module 21, a first Y-axis moving module 22, a first Z-axis moving module 23, and a first vision mechanism 24. The first X-axis moving module 21 is fixedly mounted on the fixed frame 1; the first Y-axis moving module 22 is slidably mounted on the output end of the first X-axis moving module 21 and is driven by the first X-axis moving module 21 to complete the X-axis horizontal displacement adjustment; the first Z-axis moving module 23 is vertically mounted on the output end of the first Y-axis moving module 22 and is driven by the first Y-axis moving module 22 to complete the Y-axis horizontal displacement adjustment, while the first Z-axis moving module 23 itself can achieve Z-axis vertical lifting and lowering. The four-axis gripper device 4 and the first vision mechanism 24 are both fixed on the output end of the first Z-axis moving module 23 and can synchronously complete the Z-axis lifting and lowering movement with the first Z-axis moving module 23. The first vision mechanism 24 acquires real-time position images of the first junction box 101a and its busbar 102, providing visual guidance for the movement alignment and pressing position correction of the four-way clamping device 4, and ensuring the accuracy of the pressing position.

[0028] like Figure 2 As shown, the second three-axis moving device 3 is also fixedly installed on the fixed frame 1. The second three-axis moving device 3 includes a second X-axis moving module 31, a second Y-axis moving module 32, a second Z-axis moving module 33, and a second vision mechanism 34. The second X-axis moving module 31 is fixed to the fixed frame 1, and the second Y-axis moving module 32 is slidably installed on the second X-axis moving module 31, driven by the second X-axis moving module 31 to achieve X-axis displacement. The second Z-axis moving module 33 is assembled at the output end of the second Y-axis moving module 32, and can achieve Y-axis follow-up and its own Z-axis lifting. The bidirectional clamping claw device 5 and the second vision mechanism 34 are fixed at the output end of the second Z-axis moving module 33, and can synchronously complete the Z-axis lifting action. The second vision mechanism 34 collects position images of the second junction box 101b and its busbar 102 in real time, providing visual guidance for the movement alignment and pressing position correction of the bidirectional clamping claw device 5, ensuring the accuracy of the pressing position.

[0029] like Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the four-way pressure claw device 4 includes a first mounting plate 41, a middle pressure head assembly 42, a first side pressure head assembly 43a, a second side pressure head assembly 43b, a first height sensing mechanism 44, and a first suction hood 45. The first side pressure head assembly 43a, the middle pressure head assembly 42, and the second side pressure head assembly 43b are arranged sequentially along the X direction and fixed on the Y direction surface of the first mounting plate 41. The four-way pressure claw device 4 uses three independent pressure head assemblies to form a symmetrical four-way pressing structure, which can simultaneously limit and press the four busbars arranged in the front, back, left, and right directions within the first junction box 101a.

[0030] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the intermediate pressure head assembly 42, serving as the central pressing execution structure, includes a first buffer mechanism 421, an intermediate pressure head mechanism 422, and a first slide rail guide mechanism 423. The first buffer mechanism 421 consists of a stop block 4211, a shaft 4212, and a spring 4213. The stop block 4211 is fixedly connected to the upper part of the first mounting plate 41. The shaft 4212 suspends the intermediate pressure head mechanism 422 below the stop block 4211. The spring 4213 is sleeved on the shaft 4212, with its upper end abutting against the lower surface of the stop block 4211 and its lower end abutting against the upward surface of the intermediate pressure head mechanism 422. The first buffer mechanism 421 employs an elastic buffer structure design, providing flexible buffering during the pressing operation of the intermediate pressure head mechanism 422 to prevent deformation and damage to the photovoltaic module 100 components caused by rigid pressing.

[0031] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the intermediate pressure head mechanism 422 includes an intermediate fixed seat 4221 and two sets of intermediate claw assemblies 4222. The intermediate fixed seat 4221 adopts an L-shaped integrated structure, with its lower part extending horizontally along the Y direction. Two sets of intermediate claw assemblies 4222 are mounted side by side along the Y direction at the lower part of the intermediate fixed seat 4221. The two sets of intermediate claw assemblies 4222 are the core pressing components in the middle. Each set of intermediate claw assemblies 4222 consists of two intermediate claws symmetrically arranged in the Y direction. The bottoms of the two intermediate claws press against both ends of the busbar 102, and a welding gap is formed between the two claws to allow the laser to pass through, so that the laser can irradiate the flattened middle section of the busbar 102, thereby achieving welding. The intermediate fixed seat 4221 has two through holes 42211 for vertical laser penetration, and each through hole 42211 is adapted to the welding gap of one set of intermediate claws 4222. Because the two intermediate claw assemblies 4222 are required to be positioned below the intermediate fixed base 4221, and the laser must penetrate vertically from top to bottom into the welding gap between the intermediate claw assemblies 4222 during welding, the intermediate fixed base 4221 needs to be partially hollowed out to create a through hole 42211. This allows for the optical path while ensuring the connection of the parts, meeting the requirements of integrated laser welding operations. Each intermediate claw assembly 4222 is equipped with an air blowing pipe 42221. During operation, the air blowing pipe 42221 is used to continuously blow air into the welding gap to remove dust and impurities from the work area, preventing debris from affecting the welding and pressing accuracy. A first slide rail guide mechanism 423 is provided between the intermediate fixed base 4221 and the first mounting plate 41 to provide precise guidance for the Z-axis lifting and lowering of the intermediate claw assembly 4222, ensuring smooth and accurate intermediate pressing action.

[0032] like Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the first side pressure head assembly 43a and the second side pressure head assembly 43b are structurally symmetrical and functionally identical, respectively arranged on both sides of the middle pressure head assembly 42, forming a four-way pressure holding system. Taking the first side pressure head assembly 43a as an example, it includes a second buffer mechanism 431, a first side pressure head mechanism 432, and a second slide rail guide mechanism 433. The upper end of the second buffer mechanism 431 is fixed to the first mounting plate 41, and the lower end is connected to the first side fixing seat 4321 of the first side pressure head mechanism 432. It also has a flexible buffer function to adapt to the pressing requirements of manifolds 102 of different thicknesses. The composition of the second buffer mechanism 431 is exactly the same as that of the first buffer mechanism 421, so it will not be described again.

[0033] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the first side fixing base 4321 is a side bearing base, and its lower end is equipped with a first side claw assembly 4322. The first side claw assembly 4322 includes two side claws symmetrically arranged in the X direction. The first side claw assembly 4322 extends outward from below the first side fixing base 4321, so that the first side fixing base 4321 does not obstruct the laser beam path passing through the first side claw assembly 4322. A second slide rail guide mechanism 433 is provided between the first side fixing base 4321 and the first mounting plate 41 to provide precise guidance for the Z-axis lifting and lowering of the first side claw assembly 4322, ensuring smooth and accurate side pressing action. An air blowing pipe can also be provided on the first side claw assembly 4322 to blow air into its welding gap. Because the front and rear busbars of the photovoltaic module 100 in the embodiment are close together and the left and right busbars are far apart, the front and rear busbars are flattened by two middle claw groups 4222 that are simultaneously fixed under the middle fixing seat 4221, and the left and right busbars are flattened by the first side claw group 4322 that are far apart, which makes the layout more reasonable.

[0034] like Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the first height sensing mechanism 44 is used to detect the relative height between the intermediate claw group 4222 and the first mounting plate 41 in real time, thereby controlling the holding force of the four-way pressure claw device 4 on the photovoltaic module 100 within a safe range. Because the holding force is directly proportional to the compression of the spring above each claw group, the magnitude of the holding force can be characterized by the different strokes of the claw groups. The first height sensing mechanism 44 includes a first light-shielding plate 441 and a first photoelectric sensor 442. The first light-shielding plate 441 is vertically fixed to the side wall of the intermediate fixed base 4221 and moves up and down synchronously with the intermediate fixed base 4221. The first photoelectric sensor 442 is a slot-shaped photoelectric sensor, fixedly installed on the upper part of the first mounting plate 41, which can sense the insertion and withdrawal status of the upper end of the first light-shielding plate 441 in real time, convert the height displacement signal into an electrical signal, and feed it back to the equipment control system to control the lowering end point of the four-way pressure claw device 4. Because the intermediate fixing seat 4221 is located in the middle of the two first side fixing seats 4321, if the intermediate holding force does not exceed the range, it can generally be assumed that the holding forces on both sides also do not exceed the range. Therefore, setting the first light-shielding plate 441 on the intermediate fixing seat 4221 is more representative than setting it on a certain first side fixing seat 4321. Specifically, if the upper end of the first light-shielding plate 441 does not enter the sensing range of the first photoelectric sensor 442, the first Z-axis moving module 23 will drive the four-way pressure claw device 4 to continue moving downward until the upper end of the first light-shielding plate 441 is sensed by the first photoelectric sensor 442. At this time, the equipment control system receives an electrical signal and determines that the intermediate claw group 4222 has pressed the two busbars below it with appropriate holding force, and assumes that the two first side claw groups 4322 have also pressed the busbars below them with appropriate holding force. Then the first Z-axis moving module 23 will pause its operation, and the laser welding unit can start the welding operation.

[0035] like Figure 6 As shown, a first limiting strip 4223 is provided on the intermediate fixed seat 4221. The first limiting strip 4223 extends to both sides along the Y direction, and the two sides of the first limiting strip 4223 abut against the upward surfaces of the two first side fixed seats 4321 respectively. Without the first limiting strip 4223, the spring compression of the first buffer mechanism 421 and the two second buffer mechanisms 431 (which is proportional to the holding force) is completely independent, making it difficult to determine which position generates the greatest holding force. The first limiting strip 4223 can vertically hold the two first side fixed seats 4321. If the reaction force on any of the first side pawl groups 4322 is large, it will also trigger a linkage, so that the springs at the three positions share the reaction force evenly. This can refine the holding force control accuracy without increasing the detection points of the first height sensing mechanism 44. The first limiting strip 4223 is fixed on the intermediate fixed seat 4221 because this makes it easier to balance the forces on both sides.

[0036] like Figure 3As shown, the first suction hood 45 surrounds the entire periphery of the intermediate pressure head mechanism 422, the first side pressure head assembly 43a, and the second side pressure head assembly 43b, which can promptly extract the welding fumes generated during the four-way pressure welding process, thus purifying the work area. At the same time, the upper part of the first suction hood 45 has a reserved through hole (not exposed) for the laser beam to pass through, so as not to affect the smooth progress of the laser welding operation.

[0037] like Figure 4 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the bidirectional pressure gripper device 5 includes a second mounting plate 51, a third side pressure head assembly 52a, a fourth side pressure head assembly 52b, a second height sensing mechanism 53, and a second suction hood 54. The third side pressure head assembly 52a and the fourth side pressure head assembly 52b have the same structure as the first side pressure head assembly 43a and are arranged side by side along the X direction on the Y direction surface of the second mounting plate 51, forming a bidirectional symmetrical pressing structure. Therefore, compared with the four-way pressure gripper device 4, the bidirectional pressure gripper device 5 mainly lacks the middle pressure head assembly.

[0038] like Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, taking the third side pressure head assembly 52a as an example, it includes a third buffer mechanism 521, a second side pressure head mechanism 522, and a third slide rail guide mechanism 523. The upper end of the third buffer mechanism 521 is fixed to the second mounting plate 51, and the lower end is connected to the second side fixed seat 5221 of the second side pressure head mechanism 522, providing a flexible buffering and pressing effect to avoid rigid extrusion damage to the workpiece. The second side pressure head mechanism 522 includes a second side fixed seat 5221 and a second side claw assembly 5222, which serves as the core pressing component of the bidirectional pressure claw, achieving precise pressing and positioning of the side of the busbar 102. The structure of the second side claw assembly 5222 is the same as that of the first side claw assembly 4322, and the structure of the third buffer mechanism 521 is exactly the same as that of the second buffer mechanism 431, so they will not be described in detail. The third slide rail guide mechanism 523 is assembled between the second side fixed seat 5221 and the second mounting plate 51 to provide precise guidance for the Z-axis lifting action of the second side pressure head mechanism 522, ensuring smooth operation and accurate positioning of the bidirectional pressure claw. An air blowing pipe can also be installed on the second side claw assembly 5222 to blow air into its welding gap.

[0039] like Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, the second height sensing mechanism 53 is used to detect the relative height between its second side claw assembly 5222 and the second mounting plate 51 in real time, thereby controlling the pressing force of the bidirectional pressure claw device 5 on the photovoltaic module 100 within a safe range. The structure of the second height sensing mechanism 53 is the same as that of the first height sensing mechanism 44, including a second light-shielding plate 531 and a second photoelectric sensor 532. The second light-shielding plate 531 is vertically fixed to the side wall of one of the second side fixing seats 5221 and rises and falls synchronously with the second side fixing seat 5221; the second photoelectric sensor 532 is a slot-shaped photoelectric sensor, fixed to the upper part of the second mounting plate 51, which can sense the insertion and withdrawal status of the upper end of the second light-shielding plate 531 in real time, convert the height displacement signal into an electrical signal, and feed it back to the equipment control system to control the pressing end point of the bidirectional pressure claw device 5. Because the bidirectional pressure claw device 5 lacks the intermediate pressure head assembly compared to the four-way pressure claw device 4, the second light-shielding plate 531 can only be set on the second side fixing seat 5221.

[0040] like Figure 8 As shown, a second limiting strip 5223 is fixedly installed on the second side fixing seat 5221 connecting the second light-shielding plate 531. The second limiting strip 5223 extends to one side along the Y direction, and its end abuts against the upward surface of another second side fixing seat 5221. The operating principle of the second limiting strip 5223 is similar to that of the first limiting strip 4223, except that the second limiting strip 5223 is only used to distribute the reaction force evenly between the springs at the two positions, thereby refining the holding force control accuracy without increasing the detection points of the second height sensing mechanism 53.

[0041] like Figure 4 As shown, the second suction hood 54 surrounds the entire periphery of the third side pressure head assembly 52a and the fourth side pressure head assembly 52b, and can promptly extract the welding fumes generated during the bidirectional pressure welding process, thus purifying the work area. The upper part of the second suction hood 54 is also reserved with a laser penetration hole to adapt to laser welding operation conditions, realizing integrated operation of pressure welding, welding and purification.

[0042] like Figure 2 , Figure 6 and Figure 8 As shown, the operating procedure of the busbar pressure head unit 200 is as follows: 1. The photovoltaic module 100, the first junction box 101a, and the second junction box 101b are in place inside the equipment; 2. The first three-axis moving device 2 and the second three-axis moving device 3 work independently. The first three-axis moving device 2 uses the first vision mechanism 24 for visual positioning and drives the four-way gripper device 4 to complete the precise alignment of the XYZ three axes. Then the four-way gripper device 4 presses down, and the two middle claw groups 4222 and the two first side claw groups 4322 each press one busbar 102 until the first photoelectric sensor 442 senses the first light shield 441. Then the laser welding unit moves above the four-way gripper device 4 and then completes the welding work of the four busbars 102 in the first junction box 101a one by one. During the welding process, the air blowing pipes in the two middle claw groups 4222 and the two first side claw groups 4322 blow air together, and the first suction hood 45 simultaneously sucks air, thereby blowing the welding waste away from the welding surface and sucking it away. 3. The second three-axis moving device 3 uses the second vision mechanism 34 for visual positioning and drives the bidirectional pressure claw device 5 to complete the precise alignment of the XYZ three axes. Then, the bidirectional pressure claw device 5 presses down, and the two second side claw groups 5222 each press one busbar 102 until the second photoelectric sensor 532 senses the second light shield 531. Then, the laser welding unit that completes the four-way welding moves above the bidirectional pressure claw device 5 and then completes the welding work of the two busbars 102 in the second junction box 101b one by one. During the welding process, the air blowing pipes in the two second side claw groups 5222 blow air together, and the second suction hood 54 simultaneously sucks air, thereby blowing the welding waste away from the welding surface and sucking it away.

[0043] During the pressing process, each buffer mechanism adaptively adjusts the pressing force, the height sensing mechanism monitors the pressing stroke in real time, and the limit strips correct the position of each pressing head, ensuring that the busbar, junction box, and busbar fit tightly and are accurately positioned. Simultaneously, the air blowing pipe of the intermediate claw assembly continuously removes dust, and two sets of suction hoods synchronously extract welding fumes. A laser passes through the through-holes of the suction hood to complete the welding operation, ultimately achieving precise pressing and welding of the photovoltaic module wiring connections. The entire process is highly automated, with high processing accuracy and a high yield rate.

[0044] The above descriptions are merely some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A four-way pressure gripper device, characterized in that: It includes a first mounting plate, a middle pressure head assembly, a first side pressure head assembly, and a second side pressure head assembly. The first side pressure head assembly, the middle pressure head assembly, and the second side pressure head assembly are arranged and fixed on the Y-direction surface of the first mounting plate along the X-direction. The intermediate pressure head assembly includes a first buffer mechanism and an intermediate pressure head mechanism. The first buffer mechanism provides flexible buffering for the intermediate pressure head mechanism. The intermediate pressure head mechanism includes an intermediate fixed seat and two sets of intermediate claw groups. The intermediate fixed seat adopts an L-shaped integrated structure, with the lower part extending horizontally along the Y direction. Two sets of intermediate claw groups are mounted side by side in the Y direction at the lower part of the intermediate fixed seat. The intermediate fixed seat has two through holes for vertical laser penetration, and each through hole is adapted to the welding gap of one intermediate claw group. The first side pressure head assembly and the second side pressure head assembly are structurally symmetrical, including a second buffer mechanism and a first side pressure head mechanism. The second buffer mechanism provides flexible buffering for the first side pressure head mechanism. The first side pressure head mechanism includes a first side fixed seat and a first side claw group. The first side claw group extends outward from below the first side fixed seat, so that the first side fixed seat does not block the laser light path passing through the first side claw group. The first buffer mechanism consists of a stop block, a shaft, and a spring. The stop block is fixedly connected to the upper part of the first mounting plate. The shaft suspends the intermediate pressure head mechanism below the stop block. The spring is sleeved on the shaft. The upper end of the spring abuts against the lower surface of the stop block, and the lower end abuts against the upper surface of the intermediate pressure head mechanism. The second buffer mechanism has the same structure as the first buffer mechanism. Each set of intermediate claw groups and each set of first side claw groups are equipped with an air blowing pipe, which is used to continuously blow air into the welding gap.

2. The four-way clamping device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first slide rail guide mechanism is provided between the intermediate fixed base and the first mounting plate, which provides precise guidance for the Z-axis lifting and lowering of the intermediate pawl assembly; a second slide rail guide mechanism is provided between the first side fixed base and the first mounting plate, which provides precise guidance for the Z-axis lifting and lowering of the first side pawl assembly.

3. The four-way clamping device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The device includes a first height sensing mechanism for real-time detection of the relative height between the intermediate claw assembly and the first mounting plate. The first height sensing mechanism includes a first light-shielding plate and a first photoelectric sensor. The first light-shielding plate is vertically fixed to the side wall of the intermediate mounting base. The first photoelectric sensor is a slot-shaped photoelectric sensor, which is fixedly installed on the upper part of the first mounting plate. It can sense the insertion and withdrawal status of the upper end of the first light-shielding plate in real time to control the pressing end point of the four-way pressure claw device.

4. The four-way clamping device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The intermediate fixed seat is provided with a first limiting strip, which extends to both sides along the Y direction, and the two sides of the first limiting strip abut against the upward surfaces of the two first side fixed seats respectively.

5. The four-way clamping device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a first suction hood surrounding the overall periphery of the intermediate pressure head mechanism, the first side pressure head assembly, and the second side pressure head assembly, with a through hole reserved in the upper part of the first suction hood for the laser beam path to penetrate.

6. A busbar pressure head unit, characterized in that: The device includes a fixed frame, a first three-axis moving device, and a four-axis gripper device as described in any one of claims 1-5. The first three-axis moving device includes a first X-axis moving module, a first Y-axis moving module, a first Z-axis moving module, and a first vision mechanism. The first X-axis moving module is fixedly mounted on the fixed frame. The first Y-axis moving module is slidably assembled on the output end of the first X-axis moving module and is driven by the first X-axis moving module to complete the horizontal displacement adjustment in the X-axis direction. The first Z-axis moving module is vertically assembled on the output end of the first Y-axis moving module and can realize Y-axis follow-up and its own Z-axis lifting and lowering. The four-axis gripper device and the first vision mechanism are both fixed on the output end of the first Z-axis moving module.

7. The busbar pressure head unit according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes a second three-axis moving device and a bidirectional pressure gripper device. The second three-axis moving device includes a second X-axis moving module, a second Y-axis moving module, a second Z-axis moving module, and a second vision mechanism. The second X-axis moving module is fixed to the fixed frame, and the second Y-axis moving module is slidably mounted on the second X-axis moving module. The X-axis displacement is achieved by driving the second X-axis moving module. The second Z-axis moving module is assembled at the output end of the second Y-axis moving module, enabling Y-axis follow-up and self-Z-axis lifting and lowering. The bidirectional pressure claw device and the second vision mechanism are fixed at the output end of the second Z-axis moving module.

8. The busbar pressure head unit according to claim 7, characterized in that: The bidirectional pressure claw device includes a second mounting plate, a third side pressure head assembly, and a fourth side pressure head assembly. The third side pressure head assembly and the fourth side pressure head assembly are arranged side by side along the X direction on the Y direction surface of the second mounting plate. The structures of the third side pressure head assembly and the fourth side pressure head assembly are the same as those of the first side pressure head assembly, and they include a third buffer mechanism and a second side pressure head mechanism. The second side pressure head mechanism includes a second side fixing seat and a second side claw assembly.

9. The busbar pressure head unit according to claim 8, characterized in that: The device includes a second height sensing mechanism for real-time detection of the relative height between a second side claw assembly and a second mounting plate. The second height sensing mechanism includes a second light-shielding plate and a second photoelectric sensor. The second light-shielding plate is vertically fixed to the side wall of one of the second side mounting seats. The second photoelectric sensor is a slot-shaped photoelectric sensor, fixedly installed on the upper part of the second mounting plate, which can sense the insertion and withdrawal status of the upper end of the second light-shielding plate in real time to control the downward pressing end point of the bidirectional claw device. A second limiting strip is fixedly installed on the second side mounting seat connected to the second light-shielding plate. The second limiting strip extends unilaterally along the Y direction, and its end abuts against the upward surface of the other second side mounting seat.

10. The busbar pressure head unit according to claim 8, characterized in that: It also includes a second suction hood surrounding the overall periphery of the third and fourth side pressure head assemblies, with a through hole reserved in the upper part of the second suction hood for the laser beam to penetrate; each set of second side claws is provided with an air blowing pipe, which is used to continuously blow air into the welding gap.

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