Apparatus and method for hydrogen production by electrolysis of an acidic medium

Abstract

This application provides an apparatus and method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis in an acidic medium, relating to the field of hydrogen electrolysis technology. In this application, the anode uses a ferrous ion oxidation reaction instead of the oxygen evolution reaction in traditional water electrolysis, significantly reducing the anode potential and cell voltage compared to traditional water electrolysis, thus lowering the energy consumption cost of hydrogen electrolysis. During electrolysis, no oxygen is released at the anode, preventing the formation of an explosive gas mixture between hydrogen and oxygen. Simultaneously, the hydrogen produced at the cathode is almost free of impurities and has high purity. This application can directly use acidic iron-containing wastewater (such as acidic mine wastewater) as the anolyte raw material, achieving the oxidation and recovery of ferrous ions from the wastewater while producing hydrogen, thus possessing both environmental and resource utilization value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydrogen electrolysis technology, and more specifically, to an apparatus and method for hydrogen electrolysis in an acidic medium. Background Technology

[0002] In traditional water electrolysis for hydrogen production, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) typically occurs at the anode. To reduce energy consumption, existing technologies are exploring the use of low-potential reducing agents such as organic matter, chloride ions, and ferrous ions to replace the traditional OER. In particular, utilizing ferrous ions from widely available acidic iron-containing wastewater (such as acidic mining wastewater and metallurgical wastewater neutralization solutions) as the anode reaction medium can couple wastewater resource recovery with hydrogen production, offering both environmental and energy-saving benefits. However, existing technologies have the following drawbacks: 1. Disadvantages of traditional water electrolysis for hydrogen production: In traditional water electrolysis for hydrogen production, an oxygen evolution reaction occurs at the anode, with a theoretical potential as high as 1.23V. In actual operation, due to polarization overpotential, the cell voltage is usually higher than 1.8V, resulting in extremely high overall energy consumption, which seriously limits its large-scale industrial application. 2. In existing research on iron-assisted electrolysis, the Fe at the anode... 2+ It loses electrons and becomes Fe 3+ If the system lacks a continuous and efficient chemical reduction and regeneration device, the Fe in the solution... 3+ The concentration will accumulate rapidly and cause severe concentration polarization, eventually leading to tank pressure rebound, making it impossible for the system to achieve long-term closed-loop continuous operation. Currently, there is a severe lack of complete sets of equipment and standardized methods for the electrolytic hydrogen production of acidic divalent iron that are simple in structure, stable in operation, highly efficient in current, and suitable for industrial scale-up. In particular, there is a lack of systems that highly integrate the front-end "electrochemical hydrogen production + chemical regeneration" with the back-end "deep purification + safe solid-state hydrogen storage" through physical pipelines, making it difficult to achieve large-scale promotion and application. Therefore, we have made improvements to this issue and proposed an equipment and method for the electrolytic hydrogen production of acidic media. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides an apparatus for producing hydrogen by electrolysis in an acidic medium, including a compartmented electrolytic cell, a closed-loop system for chemical reduction and regeneration of the anolyte, a hydrogen storage assembly for gas-liquid separation and purification at the cathode, and a control system. The partitioned electrolytic cell is divided into an anode chamber and a cathode chamber by a proton-conducting membrane; the anode of the partitioned electrolytic cell is an inert conductive electrode, and the cathode of the partitioned electrolytic cell is a hydrogen evolution catalytic electrode. The outlet and inlet of the anode chamber of the compartmentalized electrolytic cell are connected to the closed-loop system of anolyte chemical reduction and regeneration to form a circulation loop of anolyte. The cathode chamber of the compartmentalized electrolytic cell is connected to the cathode gas-liquid separation and purification hydrogen storage assembly. The closed-loop chemical reduction and regeneration system for anolyte includes a water tank and a reduction reaction vessel. The water tank stores substances containing Fe. 2+ The electrolyte contains Fe 2+ The electrolyte is formed by electrolysis in a partitioned electrolytic cell, containing Fe. 3+ The electrolyte contains Fe 3+ After the electrolyte enters the reduction reactor, it reacts with the reducing agent in the reduction reactor, and the regenerated electrolyte contains Fe. 2+ The electrolyte is then transported back to the compartmented electrolytic cell to achieve continuous closed-loop utilization of iron ions.

[0004] As a preferred technical solution of this application, the water tank has a storage chamber one and a storage chamber two, wherein the storage chamber one is used to store the Fe-containing material formed after electrolysis. 3+ The electrolyte, storage chamber two is used to store Fe 2+ The electrolyte.

[0005] As a preferred technical solution of this application, the storage chamber is connected to the outlet of the anode chamber of the partitioned electrolytic cell and the inlet of the reduction reactor, and a manual ball valve is also provided between the storage chamber and the inlet of the reduction reactor.

[0006] As a preferred technical solution of this application, a first conveying section is provided between the storage chamber two and the liquid outlet of the reduction reactor. The first conveying section includes a manual ball valve two and a circulation pump two connecting the storage chamber two and the liquid outlet of the reduction reactor.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution of this application, a second conveying section is provided between the storage chamber two and the anode chamber inlet of the partitioned electrolytic cell. The second conveying section includes a filter one, a circulation pump one, and a flow sensor connected between the storage chamber two and the anode chamber inlet of the partitioned electrolytic cell.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution of this application, the cathode gas-liquid separation and purification hydrogen storage assembly includes a gas-liquid separator, a color-changing silica gel dryer, a molecular sieve, a second filter, a third manual ball valve, a one-way valve, and a gas storage cylinder connected in series. The gas-liquid separator is connected to the gas outlet of the cathode chamber of the partitioned electrolytic cell, and the gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the color-changing silica gel dryer. A pressure sensor is also provided between the second filter and the third manual ball valve.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of this application, the control system includes a PLC controller and a power supply, wherein the power supply is for the compartmented electrolytic cell.

[0010] A method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis in an acidic medium, using an apparatus for producing hydrogen by electrolysis in an acidic medium, includes the following steps: The closed-loop chemical reduction and regeneration system for anolyte delivers Fe-containing solutions to the inlet of the anode chamber of the compartmented electrolytic cell.2+ The electrolyte, after being electrolyzed at the anode in a partitioned electrolytic cell, forms a solution containing Fe. 3+ The electrolyte contains Fe 3+ The electrolyte is transported from the outlet of the anode chamber of the partitioned electrolytic cell back to the anolyte chemical reduction and regeneration closed-loop system. The anolyte chemical reduction and regeneration closed-loop system then processes the electrolyte containing Fe... 3+ The electrolyte is reacted, and the regenerated product contains Fe. 2+ The electrolyte is then transported back to the compartmented electrolytic cell; During the electrolysis process of the partitioned electrolytic cell, hydrogen is generated in the cathode chamber and transported to the cathode gas-liquid separation and purification hydrogen storage assembly, which performs gas-liquid separation, purification and storage of hydrogen.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of this application, in the electrolysis process of the partitioned electrolytic cell 3: Oxidation reaction occurs at the anode: Fe²⁺ → Fe³⁺ + e⁻; A reduction reaction occurs at the cathode: 2H⁺ + 2e⁻ → H₂↑.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of this application, the overall electrolysis reaction during the electrolysis process of the partitioned electrolytic cell 3 is: 2Fe²⁺ + 2H⁺ → 2Fe³⁺ + H₂↑.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: In the scheme of this application: 1. In this application, the anode uses the oxidation reaction of ferrous ions to replace the oxygen evolution reaction in traditional water electrolysis, which significantly reduces the anode potential and the cell voltage is lower than that of traditional water electrolysis, thereby reducing the energy consumption cost of hydrogen production by electrolysis; 2. No oxygen is released at the anode during electrolysis, which avoids the formation of an explosive gas by mixing hydrogen and oxygen. At the same time, the hydrogen produced at the cathode is almost free of impurities and has high purity. 3. This application can directly use acidic iron-containing wastewater (such as acidic mine wastewater) as the anode liquid raw material, and realize the oxidation and recovery of divalent iron ions in the wastewater while producing hydrogen, which has both environmental protection and resource utilization value; 4. The electrodes and proton-conducting membrane of the compartmentalized electrolytic cell are made of commonly used industrial materials, requiring no complex equipment, operating stably, and facilitating scale-up from laboratory pilot tests to industrial production; 5. The ferric ions generated at the anode can be regenerated into ferrous ions through an external reduction reaction and recycled back to the anode chamber to continue participating in the electrolysis reaction. This eliminates the need for continuous replenishment of iron salts and reduces raw material costs. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the apparatus for producing hydrogen by electrolysis in an acidic medium provided in this application; Figure 2A schematic diagram of the partitioned electrolytic cell and the closed-loop system for chemical reduction and regeneration of anolyte provided in this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cathode gas-liquid separation and purification hydrogen storage assembly provided in this application.

[0015] The image shows: 1. Water tank; 101. Liquid level sensor; 102. Heater; 103. Temperature sensor; 104. Exhaust end; 105. Filter 1; 106. Circulation pump 1; 107. Flow sensor; 2. Reduction reactor; 201. Manual ball valve 1; 202. Manual ball valve 2; 203. Circulation pump 2; 3. Separated electrolytic cell; 4. Gas-water separator; 401. Color-changing silica gel dryer; 402. Molecular sieve; 403. Filter 2; 404. Pressure sensor; 405. Manual ball valve 3; 406. Check valve; 5. Gas storage cylinder. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features and technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0018] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0019] Example 1, please refer to Figures 1-3 An apparatus for producing hydrogen by electrolysis in an acidic medium includes a compartmented electrolytic cell 3, a closed-loop system for chemical reduction and regeneration of anolyte, a hydrogen storage assembly for gas-liquid separation and purification at the cathode, and a control system. The partitioned electrolytic cell 3 is divided into an anode chamber and a cathode chamber by a proton-conducting membrane. The anode of the partitioned electrolytic cell 3 is an inert conductive electrode that does not participate in the electrolysis reaction but only serves as an electron carrier. The cathode of the partitioned electrolytic cell 3 is a hydrogen evolution catalytic electrode. The proton-conducting membrane is a Nafion series proton exchange membrane. The anode is selected from one of graphite, titanium-based supported IrO2, three-dimensional porous carbon felt, and carbon cloth. The cathode is selected from one of 304 stainless steel, titanium mesh, platinum-carbon electrode, and conductive substrate supported on a non-precious metal catalyst. The outlet and inlet of the anode chamber of the partitioned electrolytic cell 3 are connected to the closed-loop system of chemical reduction and regeneration of the anode liquid to form a circulation loop of the anode liquid. The cathode chamber of the partitioned electrolytic cell 3 is connected to the cathode gas-liquid separation and purification hydrogen storage assembly. The anolyte chemical reduction and regeneration closed-loop system includes a water tank 1 and a reduction reactor 2. The water tank 1 stores substances containing Fe. 2+ The electrolyte contains Fe 2+ The electrolyte is formed by electrolysis in a partitioned electrolytic cell 3, containing Fe. 3+ The electrolyte contains Fe 3+ After the electrolyte enters the reduction reactor 2, it reacts with the reducing agent in the reduction reactor 2, and the regenerated electrolyte contains Fe. 2+ The electrolyte is then transported back to the compartmentalized electrolytic cell 3 to achieve continuous closed-loop utilization of iron ions; The reducing agent in the reduction reactor 2 is at least one of zero-valent iron powder, scrap iron, hydrogen sulfide, pyrite, biochar, and sodium sulfite solution; The reducing agent is selected as follows: preferably, scrap iron powder (zero-valent iron) is added to the reduction reactor 2 and stirred for reduction. Alternatively, scrap iron powder can be omitted, and industrial waste gas rich in hydrogen sulfide (H2S) can be directly introduced. Other inexpensive solid reducing agents such as pyrite and biochar can also be added to achieve Fe reduction. 3+ The reduction and regeneration can be achieved by supplying sodium sulfite solution to water tank 1 for homogeneous liquid-phase reduction. The reduction reactor 2 is equipped with a stirring structure, and Fe is introduced into the reduction reactor 2. 3+ The electrolyte reacts with the added reducing agent. Under stirring, the reaction kinetics are significantly enhanced, and the chemical equation is: 2Fe²⁺ + Fe³⁺ → Fe³⁺ + ... 3+ +Fe→3Fe 2+ This regeneration method not only has an extremely rapid reaction and high conversion rate, but also does not introduce any impurity anions into the original acidic electrolyte system, while realizing the high-value-added resource utilization of scrap iron materials. The core process control conditions of this application are as follows: both the anolyte and the catholyte are controlled to be strongly acidic, with a pH value less than 1, to prevent the hydrolysis of ferric ions to form ferric hydroxide precipitate. The Fe content in the anolyte is also controlled. 2+ The concentration is controlled between 0.5 and 2.0 mol / L, the actual working cell voltage of the partitioned electrolytic cell 3 is controlled between 0.8 and 1.0 V, and the electrolysis temperature is controlled between 25 and 60℃.

[0020] Furthermore, the water tank 1 has a storage chamber one and a storage chamber two, the storage chamber one being used to store the Fe-containing material formed after electrolysis. 3+ The electrolyte, storage chamber two is used to store Fe 2+The electrolyte; the storage chamber is connected to the outlet of the anode chamber of the partitioned electrolytic cell 3 and the inlet of the reduction reactor 2, and a manual ball valve 201 is also provided between the storage chamber and the inlet of the reduction reactor 2; Each storage chamber of water tank 1 is equipped with a liquid level sensor 101, a heater 102, a temperature sensor 103, and an exhaust port 104.

[0021] Furthermore, a first conveying unit is provided between the storage chamber 2 and the liquid outlet of the reduction reactor 2. The first conveying unit includes a manual ball valve 202 and a circulation pump 203 connecting the storage chamber 2 and the liquid outlet of the reduction reactor 2.

[0022] Furthermore, a second conveying unit is provided between the storage chamber 2 and the anode chamber inlet of the partitioned electrolytic cell 3. The second conveying unit includes a filter 105, a circulation pump 106, and a flow sensor 107 connected between the storage chamber 2 and the anode chamber inlet of the partitioned electrolytic cell 3.

[0023] Furthermore, the cathode gas-liquid separation and purification hydrogen storage assembly includes a gas-liquid separator 4, a color-changing silica gel dryer 401, a molecular sieve 402, a second filter 403, a third manual ball valve 405, a one-way valve 406, and a gas storage cylinder 407 connected in series. The gas-liquid separator 4 is connected to the outlet of the cathode chamber of the partitioned electrolytic cell 3. The liquid discharge end of the gas-liquid separator 4 is connected to the water tank 1, specifically to the first storage chamber of the water tank 1. The gas outlet end of the gas-liquid separator 4 is connected to the color-changing silica gel dryer 401. A pressure sensor 404 is also installed between the second filter 403 and the third manual ball valve 405. The color-changing silica gel dryer 401 and the molecular sieve 402 work together to perform deep two-stage dehydration and purification.

[0024] Furthermore, the control system includes a PLC controller and a power supply. The power supply powers the compartmented electrolytic cell 3. Preferably, a high-frequency DC pulse power supply with a turn-off period is used to intervene in the micro-polarization dynamics. The duty cycle of the high-frequency DC pulse power supply is controlled between 20% and 80%, and the pulse frequency is set between 10Hz and 5000Hz. Utilizing the turn-off period of the pulse, on the one hand, Fe on the anode surface is... 2+ Sufficient natural diffusion time is provided to alleviate concentration polarization, while promoting the desorption and escape of tiny hydrogen bubbles on the cathode surface, thus completely eliminating the insulation effect caused by the gas film coverage. In cost-sensitive basic application scenarios, conventional constant DC voltage / current regulated power supplies can be directly adopted; or the system's extremely wide power adaptability can be utilized to eliminate complex rectification and voltage regulation components, and directly connect to off-grid photovoltaic / wind power DC buses with wide fluctuations for "flexible direct power supply". This application has the flexible hydrogen production adaptability to match off-grid green electricity: relying on the ultra-low thermodynamic start-up threshold of 0.77V, it breaks the dead zone limitation of traditional hydrogen production equipment that is prone to shutdown when encountering low-grade electricity. With the underlying pulse regulation, this application can keenly absorb and utilize stray electricity with high fluctuations such as photovoltaic tail power and wind power off-peak, providing a hardware carrier for building off-grid "photovoltaic / wind-hydrogen" microgrids.

[0025] This application uses Fe with a standard potential of only 0.77V. 2+ The oxidation reaction replaced the oxygen evolution reaction at 1.23V, and the actual working tank pressure was successfully controlled at 0.8-1.0V at 25-60℃, which is much lower than the 1.8-2.2V of traditional water electrolysis. A dual-circuit system is formed by water tank 1 and a reduction reactor 2 equipped with a stirrer to reduce Fe. 3+ This closed-loop reaction is extremely fast and introduces no impurity anions, achieving self-balancing continuous operation at extremely low cost. The low-potential oxidation of Fe²⁺ significantly lowers the reaction thermodynamic threshold to 0.77V, breaking the dead zone limitation of 1.23V in traditional water electrolysis. This enables the system to keenly capture and utilize low-grade, highly fluctuating stray electrical energy from off-grid photovoltaic and wind power.

[0026] Example 2: A method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis in an acidic medium, using an apparatus for producing hydrogen by electrolysis in an acidic medium, includes the following steps: The closed-loop chemical reduction and regeneration system for anolyte delivers Fe-containing liquid to the inlet of the anode chamber of the compartmented electrolytic cell 3. 2+ The electrolyte, after being electrolyzed at the anode in the partitioned electrolytic cell 3, forms a solution containing Fe. 3+ The electrolyte contains Fe 3+ The electrolyte is transported from the outlet of the anode chamber of the partitioned electrolytic cell 3 back to the anolyte chemical reduction and regeneration closed-loop system. The anolyte chemical reduction and regeneration closed-loop system then processes the electrolyte containing Fe. 3+ The electrolyte is reacted, and the regenerated product contains Fe. 2+ The electrolyte is then transported back to the compartmentalized electrolytic cell 3; During the electrolysis process of the partitioned electrolytic cell 3, hydrogen gas generated in the cathode chamber is transported to the cathode gas-liquid separation and purification hydrogen storage assembly, which performs gas-liquid separation, purification and storage of hydrogen gas. Specifically, water tank 1 supplies Fe-containing liquid to the anode chamber inlet of the partitioned electrolytic cell 3 through filter 105. 2+The electrolyte, after being electrolyzed at the anode in the partitioned electrolytic cell 3, forms a solution containing Fe. 3+ The electrolyte contains Fe 3+ The electrolyte is transported back to the water tank 1 from the outlet of the anode chamber of the partitioned electrolytic cell 3, and after passing through the manual ball valve 201, it contains Fe. 3+ The electrolyte enters the reduction reactor 2 for reaction, and the regenerated electrolyte contains Fe. 2+ The electrolyte is then pumped back to the water tank 1 by the circulation pump 203 and the manual ball valve 202, and then pumped to the partitioned electrolytic cell 3 by the filter 105, and so on. During the electrolysis process of the partitioned electrolytic cell 3, hydrogen gas generated in the cathode chamber is sent to the gas-liquid separator 4 for gas-liquid separation. The separated liquid is sent back to the water tank 1. The separated hydrogen gas undergoes deep two-stage dehydration and purification through the color-changing silica gel dryer 401 and molecular sieve 402, and is then filtered again by filter two 403. Finally, it passes through the manual ball valve three 405 and the one-way valve 406 and is stored in the gas storage bottle 407. During the electrolysis process in the partitioned electrolytic cell 3: Oxidation reaction occurs at the anode: Fe²⁺ → Fe³⁺ + e⁻ Standard potential E° = +0.77V; A reduction reaction occurs at the cathode: 2H⁺ + 2e⁻ → H₂↑ Standard potential E° = 0V; The overall electrolysis reaction during the electrolysis process in the partitioned electrolytic cell 3 is: 2Fe²⁺ + 2H⁺ → 2Fe³⁺ + H₂↑.

[0027] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0028] Obviously, the embodiments described above are merely some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. The accompanying drawings show preferred embodiments of the present invention, but do not limit the patent scope of the present invention. The present invention can be implemented in many different forms; rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of the disclosure of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing specific embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any equivalent structures made using the content of this specification and drawings, directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are similarly within the patent protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. An apparatus for producing hydrogen by electrolysis in an acidic medium, characterized in that, Includes a partitioned electrolytic cell (3), an anode liquid chemical reduction and regeneration closed-loop system, a cathode gas-liquid separation and purification hydrogen storage assembly, and a control system; The partitioned electrolytic cell (3) is divided into an anode chamber and a cathode chamber by a proton-conducting membrane; the anode of the partitioned electrolytic cell (3) is an inert conductive electrode, and the cathode of the partitioned electrolytic cell (3) is a hydrogen evolution catalytic electrode. The outlet and inlet of the anode chamber of the partitioned electrolytic cell (3) are connected to the closed-loop system of chemical reduction and regeneration of the anode liquid to form a circulation loop of the anode liquid. The cathode chamber of the partitioned electrolytic cell (3) is connected to the cathode gas-liquid separation and purification hydrogen storage assembly. The closed-loop chemical reduction and regeneration system for anolyte includes a water tank (1) and a reduction reactor (2). The water tank (1) stores substances containing Fe. 2+ The electrolyte contains Fe 2+ The electrolyte is formed by electrolysis in a partitioned electrolytic cell (3) and contains Fe. 3+ The electrolyte contains Fe 3+ After the electrolyte enters the reduction reactor (2), it reacts with the reducing agent in the reduction reactor (2), and the regenerated electrolyte contains Fe. 2+ The electrolyte is then transported back to the compartmentalized electrolytic cell (3) to achieve continuous closed-loop utilization of iron ions.

2. The apparatus for producing hydrogen by electrolysis in an acidic medium according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water tank (1) has a storage chamber one and a storage chamber two, wherein the storage chamber one is used to store the Fe-containing material formed after electrolysis. 3+ The electrolyte, storage chamber two is used to store Fe 2+ The electrolyte.

3. The apparatus for producing hydrogen by electrolysis in an acidic medium according to claim 2, characterized in that, Storage chamber 1 is connected to the outlet of the anode chamber of the partitioned electrolytic cell (3) and the inlet of the reduction reactor (2), and a manual ball valve 1 (201) is also provided between storage chamber 1 and the inlet of the reduction reactor (2).

4. The apparatus for producing hydrogen by electrolysis in an acidic medium according to claim 3, characterized in that, A first conveying unit is provided between the storage chamber 2 and the liquid outlet of the reduction reactor (2). The first conveying unit includes a manual ball valve 2 (202) connecting the storage chamber 2 and the liquid outlet of the reduction reactor (2) and a circulation pump 2 (203).

5. The apparatus for producing hydrogen by electrolysis in an acidic medium according to claim 4, characterized in that, A second conveying unit is provided between the storage chamber 2 and the anode chamber inlet of the partitioned electrolytic cell (3). The second conveying unit includes a filter 1 (105), a circulation pump 1 (106), and a flow sensor (107) connected between the storage chamber 2 and the anode chamber inlet of the partitioned electrolytic cell (3).

6. The apparatus for producing hydrogen by electrolysis in an acidic medium according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cathode gas-liquid separation and purification hydrogen storage assembly includes a gas-liquid separator (4), a color-changing silica gel dryer (401), a molecular sieve (402), a second filter (403), a third manual ball valve (405), a one-way valve (406), and a gas storage cylinder (407) connected in series. The gas-liquid separator (4) is connected to the outlet of the cathode chamber of the partitioned electrolytic cell (3). The outlet of the gas-liquid separator (4) is connected to the color-changing silica gel dryer (401). A pressure sensor (404) is also provided between the second filter (403) and the third manual ball valve (405).

7. The apparatus for producing hydrogen by electrolysis in an acidic medium according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control system includes a PLC controller and a power supply, which supplies power to the compartmented electrolytic cell (3).

8. A method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis in an acidic medium, using the apparatus for producing hydrogen by electrolysis in an acidic medium according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The closed-loop chemical reduction and regeneration system of the anolyte delivers Fe-containing liquid to the inlet of the anode chamber of the compartmented electrolytic cell (3). 2+ The electrolyte, after being electrolyzed at the anode in a partitioned electrolytic cell (3), forms a solution containing Fe. 3+ The electrolyte contains Fe 3+ The electrolyte is transported from the outlet of the anode chamber of the partitioned electrolytic cell (3) back to the anolyte chemical reduction and regeneration closed-loop system, where the anolyte chemical reduction and regeneration closed-loop system processes the Fe-containing electrolyte. 3+ The electrolyte is reacted, and the regenerated product contains Fe. 2+ The electrolyte is then transported back to the compartmentalized electrolytic cell (3); In the electrolysis process of the partitioned electrolytic cell (3), hydrogen is generated in the cathode chamber and transported to the cathode gas-liquid separation and purification hydrogen storage assembly. The cathode gas-liquid separation and purification hydrogen storage assembly performs gas-liquid separation, purification and storage of hydrogen.

9. The method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis in an acidic medium according to claim 8, characterized in that, During the electrolysis process in the partitioned electrolytic cell (3): Oxidation reaction occurs at the anode: Fe²⁺ → Fe³⁺ + e⁻; A reduction reaction occurs at the cathode: 2H⁺ + 2e⁻ → H₂↑.

10. The method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis in an acidic medium according to claim 9, characterized in that, The overall electrolysis reaction during the electrolysis process of the partitioned electrolytic cell (3) is: 2Fe²⁺ + 2H⁺ → 2Fe³⁺ + H₂↑.

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