Automatic pressure relief transition section steel lining structure

Abstract

This application relates to an automatically depressurizing, transitional steel lining structure. It is applicable to the field of steel plate lining technology for hydraulic tunnels. The technical problem to be solved by this application is: to provide an automatically depressurizing, transitional steel lining structure. The technical solution adopted in this application is: an automatically depressurizing, transitional steel lining structure, comprising: a transitional steel lining shell, with at least one pressure-equalizing hole penetrating its wall, the pressure-equalizing hole being used to construct a water pressure communication channel between the inner and outer sides of the transitional steel lining shell; at least one reinforcing plate, disposed on the outer wall of the transitional steel lining shell, the reinforcing plate having reserved holes that correspond one-to-one with the pressure-equalizing holes; and a one-way pressure relief component, slidably disposed axially inside the pressure-equalizing hole of the transitional steel lining shell and the reserved hole of the reinforcing plate, used to adaptively switch between a closed state and a depressurizing state based on the water pressure difference between the inner and outer sides of the transitional steel lining shell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of steel plate lining technology for hydraulic tunnels, and in particular to a gradually changing section steel lining structure with automatic pressure relief. Background Technology

[0002] In sections where the cross-sectional area of ​​a hydraulic tunnel changes, a transition section steel lining is often used to ensure a smooth transition of the cross-section. The transition section steel lining is a plate-shell composite structure welded from steel plates. It is subjected to complex stress conditions and has weak overall bending stiffness. Under external water pressure, the structure is prone to buckling failure with large deformation, which affects the safe operation of the project.

[0003] Currently, the technical solutions for addressing the external pressure buckling problem of the steel lining in the transition section in engineering mainly fall into two categories: The first category is to enhance the structure's own resistance to external pressure, specifically by increasing the thickness of the steel lining, adding stiffening rings, anchor bars, and other reinforcing structures. While this solution can improve resistance to external pressure to a certain extent, it significantly increases construction costs and on-site construction difficulty. The dense reinforcing structures can also affect the pouring quality of the backfill concrete outside the steel lining, easily leading to pouring defects and creating safety hazards. The second category involves installing a wall-mounted external drainage system outside the steel lining in the transition section to reduce water pressure outside the lining. This solution suffers from long drainage paths, susceptibility to calcium deposition and debris blockage in the drainage channels, and high maintenance difficulty. It cannot guarantee a long-term stable pressure relief effect and is generally only used as a safety reserve measure in engineering projects, failing to fundamentally solve the risk of external pressure buckling of the steel lining in the transition section. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an automatic pressure relief gradually changing steel lining structure to address the above-mentioned problems.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this invention is: an automatically depressurizing, gradually changing steel lining structure, comprising: The steel liner shell of the transition section has at least one pressure-flattening hole through its own wall. The pressure-flattening hole is used to construct a water pressure communication channel between the inner and outer sides of the steel liner shell of the transition section. At least one reinforcing plate is provided on the outer wall of the steel liner shell of the transition section. The reinforcing plate is provided with reserved holes that can correspond one-to-one with the flat pressure holes. The diameter of the reserved holes is smaller than the diameter of the flat pressure holes. The one-way pressure relief component is slidably installed along the axial direction inside the pressure relief hole and the reserved hole of the reinforcing plate of the transition section steel liner shell, and is used to adaptively switch between the closed state and the pressure relief state based on the water pressure difference between the inside and outside of the transition section steel liner shell.

[0006] By employing the aforementioned technical methods, through-hole pressure equalization holes are directly installed on the wall of the transition section steel liner shell to construct the shortest water pressure connection channel, solving the core defects of traditional external drainage systems, such as long drainage paths and susceptibility to clogging. Reinforcing plates coaxially positioned with the pressure equalization holes compensate for the structural strength reduction caused by the holes, ensuring the overall structural stability of the steel liner. A unidirectional pressure relief component that can slide axially automatically switches its operating state based on the water pressure difference inside and outside the transition section steel liner shell. During normal flow, it maintains a closed state to ensure the sealing performance and smooth flow of the steel liner. During maintenance, it automatically switches to a pressure relief state, allowing external water to flow into the interior of the steel liner through the pressure equalization holes, directly balancing the water pressure inside and outside the steel liner. This eliminates the buckling load caused by external water pressure on the transition section steel liner shell at its source, eliminating the need to increase the steel liner thickness or add redundant reinforcing structures to resist external pressure. This significantly reduces engineering construction costs and difficulty, while also avoiding the adverse effects of densely reinforced structures on concrete pouring quality.

[0007] In some embodiments, the one-way pressure relief assembly includes a limiting frame, a fixing column, and a one-way plug. The fixing column is axially inserted into the pressure-flattening hole and the reserved hole. A cross-shaped limiting frame is connected to the end of the fixing column. The limiting frame is located on the outside of the transition section steel liner shell. The end of the fixing column away from the limiting frame is detachably connected to the one-way plug. The one-way plug is adapted to the pressure-flattening hole and is located on the inside of the transition section steel liner shell. The length of the fixing column is greater than the sum of the thicknesses of the transition section steel liner shell and the reinforcing plate. The outer diameter of the limiting frame is greater than the diameter of the reserved hole of the reinforcing plate. The diameter of the fixing column is smaller than the diameter of the reserved hole of the reinforcing plate, so that water passage gaps are reserved between the reserved hole and the limiting frame, and between the fixing column and the reserved hole.

[0008] In some embodiments, the flat pressure hole has a frustum-shaped hole structure with the diameter gradually decreasing from the inner side to the outer side of the transition section steel liner shell. The reinforcing plate has an annular conical transition groove on the inner side of the contact surface facing the transition section steel liner shell. The taper of the transition groove is the same as the taper of the flat pressure hole. The transition groove can support the frustum-shaped hole structure of the flat pressure hole. The one-way plug has a frustum structure. The taper of the one-way plug is consistent with the taper of the flat pressure hole and the transition groove, so that the one-way plug can be engaged and embedded in the flat pressure hole and the transition groove.

[0009] In some embodiments, the one-way plug body has a sealing gasket on its wall surface facing the reserved hole, which can abut against the transition groove.

[0010] In some embodiments, the outer wall of the fixing post is provided with external threads, the one-way plug body is provided with a connecting groove, the connecting groove is provided with internal threads, and the end of the fixing post away from the limiting frame is threadedly connected to the connecting groove of the one-way plug body.

[0011] In some embodiments, if the water pressure inside the gradient section steel liner shell is greater than the water pressure outside, the one-way pressure relief assembly is in the closed state, and the one-way plug slides to block the pressure equalization hole. If the water pressure inside the steel liner shell of the transition section is less than the water pressure outside, the one-way pressure relief assembly is in the pressure relief state, the limiting frame abuts against the reinforcing plate, the one-way plug comes out of the pressure relief hole, and the water passage gap between the limiting frame and the reserved hole, the annular gap between the fixed column and the reserved hole, and the gap between the one-way plug and the pressure relief hole are connected in sequence to form the water passage channels inside and outside the steel liner shell of the transition section.

[0012] In some embodiments, the outer wall of the gradient section steel liner shell is provided with a stiffening ring.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. This design directly constructs a water pressure connection channel between the inside and outside of the transition section steel liner through pressure equalization holes. Combined with a self-adaptive, switchable unidirectional pressure relief component, it automatically opens to relieve pressure during maintenance when the steel liner is emptied, directly balancing the water pressure inside and outside the liner. This completely eliminates the buckling load caused by external water pressure, eliminating the need for passive reinforcement structures such as increasing the steel liner thickness, adding dense stiffening rings, or anchor bars to resist external pressure. Based on this design, the wall thickness of the transition section steel liner shell only needs to meet the minimum structural thickness or the external pressure load requirements during construction. It does not need to be designed for high external pressure conditions during operation, thus reducing steel consumption from the design stage, simplifying the construction procedures for steel plate welding and on-site installation, and avoiding the adverse effects of thick plates and densely reinforced structures on the quality of external backfill concrete pouring, thereby reducing potential safety hazards.

[0014] 2. This solution directly integrates the pressure relief channel into the steel liner shell body. The pressure relief path is only the length of the steel liner shell wall thickness, completely eliminating the drawback of traditional wall-mounted external drainage systems where long-distance channels are prone to clogging. Simultaneously, a cross-shaped limiting frame structure is adopted, which not only achieves axial limiting and anti-fall-off function for the unidirectional pressure relief component, but also reserves a stable water passage gap between the limiting frame and the reserved hole, ensuring the unobstructed flow of the water inlet channel under pressure relief conditions. The limiting frame is rigidly fixed to the fixed column. Rotating the fixed column drives the limiting frame to rotate, scraping away calcium deposits and debris on the outside of the pressure relief hole and reserved hole, achieving non-disassembly cleaning and further preventing channel blockage, significantly improving the long-term operational reliability of the pressure relief structure.

[0015] 3. This solution utilizes a frustum-shaped pressure-relief hole, a transition groove, and a matching frustum-shaped one-way plug to form a continuous conical sealing structure. Compared to a planar seal, the conical seal offers a larger contact area and more stable sealing performance. During normal flow, the water pressure inside the steel liner is greater than the water pressure outside. The internal water pressure pushes the one-way plug tightly into the pressure-relief hole and transition groove, working in conjunction with the sealing gasket to achieve a tight seal, ensuring the sealing performance of the steel liner and the smoothness of the flow surface. During maintenance, the external water pressure outside the steel liner is greater than the internal water pressure. The external water pressure pushes the one-way pressure relief component to slide inward towards the steel liner, automatically opening the pressure relief channel. This perfectly adapts to the usage requirements of both core operating conditions, requiring no manual intervention or additional power control.

[0016] 4. The one-way pressure relief assembly features a threaded, detachable structure, allowing for quick disassembly of the one-way plug and fixing column, facilitating future maintenance, replacement, and unclogging. Furthermore, the number and arrangement of the pressure relief holes, reinforcing plates, and one-way pressure relief components can be flexibly adjusted according to the size of the transition section's steel lining and the external water pressure level, adapting to the needs of different engineering scenarios. During construction, the pressure relief holes can be temporarily sealed with plugs to prevent cement slurry and debris from prematurely entering the flow channel and causing blockages, ensuring the long-term performance of the structure from the construction stage and significantly improving the project's applicability. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the layout structure of this application.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the one-way pressure relief assembly in the closed state in this application.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the unidirectional pressure relief assembly in the pressure relief state in this application.

[0020] Figure 4 This application is along Figure 2 or Figure 3 A top view of the structure along the AA direction.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the temporary sealing structure during the construction period in this application.

[0022] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Gradient section steel liner shell; 2. Reinforcing plate; 3. One-way pressure relief assembly; 4. Pressure equalization hole; 5. Stiffening ring; 6. One-way plug body; 7. Limiting frame; 8. Sealing gasket; 9. Fixing column; 10. Temporary sealing plug body; 11. Transition groove; 12. Reserved hole.

[0023] This specification includes references to "one embodiment" or "implementation". The use of the phrase "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Specific features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner consistent with this disclosure.

[0024] The term "comprising" is open-ended. As used in the appended claims, it does not exclude additional structures or steps.

[0025] "First," "second," etc. As used in this article, these terms serve as labels for the nouns preceding them and do not imply any type of ordering (e.g., spatial, temporal, logical, etc.).

[0026] The term "based on," as used herein, describes one or more factors that influence the determination. This term does not exclude additional factors influencing the determination. That is, the determination may be based solely on these factors or at least partially on them. Consider the phrase "A is determined based on B." In this case, B is the factor influencing the determination of A, and such phrases do not exclude the possibility that the determination of A may also be based on C. In other instances, A may be determined solely on B. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0028] Combination Figures 1 to 5 As shown, this embodiment is an automatically depressurizing transition section steel liner structure, including a transition section steel liner shell 1, pressure equalization holes 4, reinforcing plates 2, and a one-way pressure relief component 3. At least one pressure equalization hole 4 is provided through the wall of the transition section steel liner shell 1, which is used to construct a water pressure communication channel between the inner and outer sides of the transition section steel liner shell 1. At least one reinforcing plate 2 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the transition section steel liner shell 1. The reinforcing plate 2 has reserved holes 12 that can communicate one-to-one with the pressure equalization holes 4, and the diameter of the reserved holes 12 is smaller than the diameter of the pressure equalization holes 4. The one-way pressure relief component 3 is axially slidably installed inside the pressure equalization holes 4 and the reserved holes 12 of the reinforcing plate 2. The one-way pressure relief component 3 is used to adaptively switch between a closed state and a depressurized state based on the water pressure difference between the inside and outside of the transition section steel liner shell 1.

[0029] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the pressure relief holes 4 are arranged in an array, and each pressure relief hole 4 is equipped with a reinforcing plate 2 and a one-way pressure relief assembly 3. The pressure relief holes 4 and the matching one-way pressure relief assembly 3 are mainly distributed on the rectangular cross-section side of the transition section steel liner shell 1, as well as in areas prone to buckling failure, such as the side with larger cross-sectional dimensions. The specific distribution and quantity should be determined based on factors such as the transition section structure, external water pressure, and drainage speed.

[0030] In some implementation schemes, such as Figure 4 As shown, the one-way pressure relief assembly 3 includes a limiting frame 7, a fixing column 9, and a one-way plug 6. The fixing column 9 is axially inserted into the pressure-flattening hole 4 and the reserved hole 12. The end of the fixing column 9 is rigidly connected to a cross-shaped limiting frame 7. The limiting frame 7 is located on the outside of the transition section steel liner shell 1. The end of the fixing column 9 away from the limiting frame 7 is detachably connected to the one-way plug 6. The one-way plug 6 is adapted to the pressure-flattening hole 4 and is located on the inside of the transition section steel liner shell 1. The length of the fixing column 9 is greater than the sum of the thicknesses of the transition section steel liner shell 1 and the reinforcing plate 2. The outer diameter of the limiting frame 7 is greater than the diameter of the reserved hole 12 of the reinforcing plate 2. The width of any single end of the limiting frame 7 is less than the diameter of the reserved hole 12. The diameter of the fixing column 9 is less than the diameter of the reserved hole 12 of the reinforcing plate 2, so that water passage gaps are reserved between the reserved hole 12 and the limiting frame 7, and between the fixing column 9 and the reserved hole 12.

[0031] Specifically, the limit frame 7 and the fixed column 9 are rigidly fixedly connected by welding. The limit frame 7 can be rotated synchronously by rotating the fixed column 9 to scrape off the calcium deposits, mud and debris attached to the outside of the flat pressure hole 4 and the reserved hole 12, so as to achieve the unblocking operation without disassembly, avoid the flow channel blockage, and ensure the long-term stable and effective pressure relief function.

[0032] By connecting the fixed column 9, the limiting frame 7, and the one-way plug 6 in series, an integral structure that can slide axially is formed, ensuring the stability of the opening and closing action of the one-way pressure relief component 3. The cross-shaped limiting frame 7, with its outer diameter larger than the diameter of the reserved hole 12, can both limit the axial movement of the one-way pressure relief component 3 and prevent it from slipping into the steel liner, while also providing sufficient water passage gaps to ensure the unobstructed flow of the water inlet channel under pressure relief conditions, thus solving the defect of traditional sealing-type limiting structures that are prone to clogging the pressure relief channel. The length of the fixed column 9 is greater than the sum of the thicknesses of the transition section steel liner shell 1 and the reinforcing plate 2, providing sufficient stroke for the axial sliding of the one-way pressure relief component 3, ensuring stable switching between the closed and pressure relief states.

[0033] In some embodiments, the flat pressure hole 4 has a frustum-shaped hole structure with the diameter gradually decreasing from the inside to the outside of the transition section steel liner shell 1. The reinforcing plate 2 has an annular conical transition groove 11 on the inner side of the contact surface facing the transition section steel liner shell 1. The taper of the transition groove 11 is the same as the taper of the flat pressure hole 4. The transition groove 11 can support the frustum-shaped hole structure of the flat pressure hole 4. The one-way plug body 6 has a frustum structure. The taper of the one-way plug body 6 is consistent with the taper of the flat pressure hole 4 and the transition groove 11, so that the one-way plug body 6 can be coaxially engaged and embedded in the flat pressure hole 4 and the transition groove 11.

[0034] By employing a frustum-shaped flat pressure hole 4 and a transition groove 11 to form a continuous sealing conical surface, and cooperating with a frustum-shaped one-way plug 6 of the same taper, a conical surface fit seal is achieved. Compared with traditional planar seals, the conical surface seal has a larger contact area and more stable sealing performance. Moreover, the greater the internal water pressure, the tighter the fit between the one-way plug 6 and the conical surface, and the better the sealing effect, effectively preventing the problem of internal water leakage. At the same time, the transition groove 11 can support the conical structure of the flat pressure hole 4, achieving a smooth transition between the sealing surfaces of the gradually changing steel liner shell 1 and the reinforcing plate 2, avoiding sealing dead angles, and further improving sealing reliability.

[0035] In some implementations, a sealing gasket 8 is provided on the outer wall of the end of the one-way plug 6, which can fit and abut against the transition groove 11 and the inner wall of the flat pressure hole 4. Specifically, the sealing gasket 8 is made of wear-resistant and water-pressure-resistant rubber material, and is fixed to the outer wall of the end of the one-way plug 6 by vulcanization bonding, so as to prevent the gasket from falling off due to long-term water flow and ensure long-term sealing effect.

[0036] By filling the gap between the one-way plug body 6 and the transition groove 11 with the sealing gasket 8, the sealing performance is further improved, avoiding the problem of poor sealing caused by hard contact between the one-way plug body 6 and the reinforcing plate 2. At the same time, it can buffer the impact load during the opening and closing process and extend the service life of the structure.

[0037] In some implementations, the outer wall of the fixing post 9 is provided with external threads, the one-way plug body 6 is provided with a connecting groove, the connecting groove is provided with internal threads, and the end of the fixing post 9 away from the limit frame 7 is threadedly connected to the connecting groove of the one-way plug body 6.

[0038] The fixed column 9 and the one-way plug body 6 are detachably fixed by means of threaded connection. The connection structure is stable and easy to disassemble and assemble. It is convenient to replace and maintain the one-way plug body 6 and the sealing gasket 8 in the later stage. It can also quickly replace the temporary sealing plug body 10 during the construction period, which can meet the usage needs of different construction and operation stages.

[0039] In some implementations, the outer wall of the transition section steel liner shell 1 is provided with a stiffening ring 5.

[0040] The stiffening ring 5 enhances the overall bending stiffness of the transition section steel liner shell 1, further improving the deformation resistance of the steel liner structure. The spacing and specifications of the stiffening ring 5 can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual external pressure load level of the project to meet the usage requirements of different engineering scenarios.

[0041] In some implementation schemes, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, when the water pressure inside the transition section steel liner shell 1 is greater than the water pressure outside, the one-way pressure relief component 3 is in a closed state, and the one-way plug 6 slides to block the pressure equalization hole 4. When the water pressure inside the transition section steel liner shell 1 is less than the water pressure outside, the one-way pressure relief component 3 is in a pressure relief state, the limiting frame 7 abuts against the reinforcing plate 2, and the one-way plug 6 disengages from the pressure equalization hole 4. The water passage gap between the limiting frame 7 and the reserved hole 12, the annular gap between the fixed column 9 and the reserved hole 12, and the gap between the one-way plug 6 and the pressure equalization hole 4 are sequentially connected to form the water passage channels inside and outside the transition section steel liner shell 1.

[0042] This demonstrates the structural position and flow channel connection relationship of the one-way pressure relief component 3 in two working states, ensuring that the pressure relief hole 4 can be tightly sealed in the closed state and a complete and unobstructed water passage can be formed in the pressure relief state, ensuring the stable realization of the automatic pressure relief function. At the same time, the maximum sliding stroke of the one-way pressure relief component 3 is limited by the limit bracket 7 abutting against the reinforcing plate 2, preventing the one-way pressure relief component 3 from falling off.

[0043] In some implementation schemes, such as Figure 5 As shown, the one-way pressure relief assembly 3 also includes a temporary sealing plug 10. The temporary sealing plug 10 can be detachably connected to the end of the fixed column 9 away from the limit frame 7. It is used to seal the pressure relief hole 4 during construction to prevent cement slurry and debris from entering the pressure relief hole 4 and causing blockage of the flow channel. Specifically, the temporary sealing plug 10 has an internal thread that matches the external thread of the fixed column 9. It can directly replace the one-way plug 6 and connect to the fixed column 9. The installation and disassembly are convenient. After the external backfill concrete reaches the design strength, the temporary sealing plug 10 can be directly removed and replaced with the one-way plug 6 to complete the structural installation.

[0044] By temporarily sealing the pressure relief hole 4 with the sealing body 10 during the construction period, cement slurry, sand and gravel debris can be prevented from entering the pressure relief hole 4 and the reserved hole 12 during the backfilling of the steel lining and causing blockage of the flow channel. It can also prevent cement slurry from entering the sliding gap of the one-way pressure relief component 3 and causing jamming, thus ensuring the normal use of the structure in the subsequent construction process.

[0045] The implementation principle of the automatic pressure relief gradient steel lining structure in this embodiment is as follows: In this embodiment, the various pipe sections of the transition section steel liner shell 1 can be manufactured in a processing plant using conventional methods, and stiffening rings 5 ​​can be welded. Flat pressure holes 4 are opened on the transition section steel liner shell 1. A reinforcing plate 2 is fixedly connected to the outside of the flat pressure holes 4, and a fixing post 9 is passed through the reserved hole 12 of the reinforcing plate 2 and bolted to the temporary sealing plug 10. The various pipe sections of the transition section steel liner shell 1 are sequentially connected to form the entire transition section steel liner. Backfill concrete is poured outside the transition section steel liner. After the concrete has reached a certain strength, the temporary sealing plug 10 is removed. The limiting frame 7 is rotated, and the concrete within the range of the limiting frame 7 is cleared to ensure sufficient space behind the limiting frame 7 for vertical movement. Finally, the one-way plug 6 is installed.

[0046] After the gradual section steel lining structure is installed, the one-way pressure relief component 3 can automatically switch its working state based on the water pressure difference inside and outside the gradual section steel lining shell 1, according to the changes in the tunnel's operating conditions, so as to achieve adaptive matching between sealing overflow and automatic pressure relief.

[0047] When the tunnel is in normal flow conditions, the interior of the transition section steel liner shell 1 is filled with water medium. The water pressure inside is greater than the external water pressure outside. The internal water pressure will push the one-way pressure relief component 3 to slide to the outside of the transition section steel liner shell 1, so that the one-way plug 6 is tightly engaged and embedded in the flat pressure hole 4 and the transition groove 11. Together with the sealing gasket 8, the flat pressure hole 4 is tightly sealed, ensuring the sealing performance of the transition section steel liner shell 1 and the smoothness of the flow surface, thus meeting the normal water supply requirements of the tunnel.

[0048] When the tunnel is under maintenance, the interior of the transition section steel liner shell 1 is emptied, and the internal water pressure is greatly reduced. The external water pressure on the outside is greater than the internal water pressure. The external water pressure will push the one-way pressure relief component 3 to slide towards the inside of the transition section steel liner shell 1 until the limit frame 7 abuts against the outer wall of the reinforcing plate 2 to achieve the limit. At this time, the one-way plug 6 disengages from the flat pressure hole 4. The water passage gap between the limit frame 7 and the reserved hole 12, the annular gap between the fixed column 9 and the reserved hole 12, and the gap between the one-way plug 6 and the flat pressure hole 4 are connected in sequence to form a complete water passage channel. The external water on the outside of the steel liner can flow directly into the interior of the steel liner through this water passage channel, quickly balancing the water pressure inside and outside the transition section steel liner shell 1, eliminating the buckling load caused by the external water pressure on the steel liner shell from the root, and ensuring the stress safety of the steel liner structure under maintenance conditions.

[0049] During long-term operation, if calcium deposits or debris block the outside of the pressure hole 4 and the reserved hole 12, the one-way plug body 6 can be directly disassembled, and the fixed column 9 can be rotated to drive the cross-shaped limit frame 7 to rotate. The limit frame 7 can scrape away the deposits and debris around the orifice, achieving unblocking without disassembly and ensuring long-term smooth flow. At the same time, the one-way plug body 6, sealing gasket 8 and other vulnerable parts can be quickly replaced through the threaded connection, greatly reducing the difficulty of later maintenance.

[0050] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gradually changing steel lining structure with automatic pressure relief, characterized in that, include: The gradual section steel liner shell (1) has at least one flat pressure hole (4) through its own wall. The flat pressure hole (4) is used to construct the water pressure communication channel between the inner and outer sides of the gradual section steel liner shell (1). At least one reinforcing plate (2) is provided on the outer side wall of the steel liner shell (1) of the transition section, and the reinforcing plate (2) is provided with a reserved hole (12) that can be connected to the flat pressure hole (4) one by one. The one-way pressure relief component (3) is slidably disposed along the axial direction inside the pressure relief hole (4) of the transition section steel liner shell (1) and the reserved hole (12) of the reinforcing plate (2), and is used to adaptively switch between the closed state and the pressure relief state based on the internal and external water pressure difference of the transition section steel liner shell (1).

2. The automatically depressurizing, gradually changing steel lining structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The one-way pressure relief assembly (3) includes a limiting frame (7), a fixing column (9), and a one-way plug (6). The fixing column (9) is axially inserted into the flat pressure hole (4) and the reserved hole (12). The end of the fixing column (9) is connected to a cross-shaped limiting frame (7). The limiting frame (7) is located outside the transition section steel liner shell (1). The end of the fixing column (9) away from the limiting frame (7) is detachably connected to the one-way plug (6). The one-way plug (6) is adapted to the flat pressure hole (4). The one-way plug (6) is located inside the steel liner shell (1) of the transition section. The length of the fixed column (9) is greater than the sum of the thicknesses of the steel liner shell (1) of the transition section and the reinforcing plate (2). The outer diameter of the limiting frame (7) is greater than the diameter of the reserved hole (12) of the reinforcing plate (2). The diameter of the fixed column (9) is smaller than the diameter of the reserved hole (12) of the reinforcing plate (2), so that water-passing gaps are reserved between the reserved hole (12) and the limiting frame (7) and between the fixed column (9) and the reserved hole (12).

3. The automatically depressurizing, gradually changing steel lining structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The flat pressure hole (4) has a frustum-shaped hole structure with the diameter gradually decreasing from the inside to the outside of the gradual transition section steel liner shell (1). The reinforcing plate (2) has an annular conical transition groove (11) on the inner side of the gradual transition section steel liner shell (1). The taper of the transition groove (11) is the same as the taper of the flat pressure hole (4). The transition groove (11) can support the frustum-shaped hole structure of the flat pressure hole (4). The one-way plug (6) has a frustum structure. The taper of the one-way plug (6) is consistent with the taper of the flat pressure hole (4) and the transition groove (11), so that the one-way plug (6) can be engaged and embedded in the flat pressure hole (4) and the transition groove (11).

4. The automatically depressurizing, gradually changing steel lining structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The one-way plug (6) has a sealing gasket (8) on the wall surface facing the reserved hole (12) that can abut against the transition groove (11).

5. The automatically depressurizing, gradually changing steel lining structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer wall of the fixed column (9) is provided with external threads, and the one-way plug body (6) is provided with a connecting groove with internal threads. The end of the fixed column (9) away from the limiting frame (7) is threadedly connected to the connecting groove of the one-way plug body (6).

6. The automatically depressurizing, gradually changing steel lining structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: If the water pressure inside the transition section steel liner shell (1) is greater than the water pressure outside, the one-way pressure relief assembly (3) is in the closed state, and the one-way plug (6) slides to block the pressure equalization hole (4); if the water pressure inside the transition section steel liner shell (1) is less than the water pressure outside, the one-way pressure relief assembly (3) is in the pressure relief state, the limit frame (7) abuts against the reinforcing plate (2), the one-way plug (6) comes out of the pressure equalization hole (4), and the water passage gap between the limit frame (7) and the reserved hole (12), the annular gap between the fixed column (9) and the reserved hole (12), and the gap between the one-way plug (6) and the pressure equalization hole (4) are connected in sequence to form the water passage channels inside and outside the transition section steel liner shell (1).

7. The automatically depressurizing, gradually changing steel lining structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the gradually changing steel liner shell (1) is provided with a stiffening ring (5).

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