A breakwater built-in power generation system based on air pressure driving energy storage

Abstract

The application discloses a breakwater built-in power generation system based on air pressure driving energy storage, and belongs to the technical field of marine renewable energy and coastal engineering. The system comprises a prefabricated caisson type breakwater structure, an air pressure driving energy storage system and a power generation system. The breakwater body is divided into upper and lower box chamber regions, the lower part is a bearing box chamber, the upper part is divided into a water inlet box chamber and a water outlet box chamber by a vertical main plate, and the water outlet box chamber is further divided into an air pressure action area and a water storage area by a partition plate. Air is driven to flow directionally between the box chambers by a one-way valve by wave fluctuation, and water in the water outlet box chamber is forced to enter the elevated water storage area to store potential energy. When the accumulated water head reaches a threshold value, a control system opens a valve, releases water flow to drive a water turbine to generate power. The application completely embeds a power generation module, realizes deep integration of protection and power generation functions, converts fluctuating wave energy into stable electric energy output through the path of air pressure driving, potential energy storage and controllable release, and the system has the advantages of solid structure, convenient maintenance and stable output.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of marine renewable energy development and coastal engineering technology, and in particular to a breakwater-integrated power generation system based on air pressure driven energy storage. Background Technology

[0002] Ocean wave energy reserves are abundant and represent a clean, renewable energy source. Integrating power generation units with coastal engineering projects (such as breakwaters) allows for functional reuse and enhances overall efficiency.

[0003] Existing breakwater-type wave power generation technologies mainly employ the oscillating water column (OWC) principle. Their output power is highly susceptible to wave frequency fluctuations, making them unstable. Furthermore, the high-speed, salty airflow causes severe corrosion to the turbine machinery, resulting in high maintenance costs. Another type of wave-overheading technology, while employing a mature and stable low-head hydropower principle, typically requires additional slopes or independent structures to guide waves over the breakwater. This not only occupies marine space but also makes the structure itself vulnerable to extreme sea conditions, hindering deep integration with breakwaters.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an innovative wave energy generation solution that can be deeply integrated with the robust structure of breakwaters, has stable output, and is easy to maintain. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a breakwater-embedded power generation system based on pneumatic energy storage to overcome the above-mentioned problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A breakwater-embedded power generation system based on air pressure-driven energy storage includes: The prefabricated caisson breakwater structure comprises two chamber sections within the breakwater body. The lower chamber section is the load-bearing chamber, while the upper chamber section is divided into an inlet chamber and an outlet chamber by a vertical main plate. The outlet chamber contains a partial partition that separates it into a pressure zone and a water storage zone. These two zones are connected by a gap between the bottom of the partial partition and the inner wall of the breakwater body. A top wall extending upwards from the top of the breakwater body is constructed above the water storage zone. Ventilation openings are located at the top of the top wall. The pneumatic energy storage system includes a one-way air inlet valve located at the top of the inlet tank wall that allows only external air to enter the inlet tank; a one-way vent valve located on the upper part of the vertical main plate that allows only gas to flow from the inlet tank to the outlet tank; and a one-way water supply valve located on the lower part of the vertical main plate that allows only water to flow from the inlet tank to the outlet tank. The installation height of the one-way water supply valve is higher than the bottom edge height of the local partition. The power generation system includes a control unit box, pressurized water pipelines, electrically controlled valves, and power generation equipment; The control device box is located on the top wall of the embankment and is used to control the opening and closing of the electric control valve; the pressure water supply pipeline is located on one side of the water storage area and is connected to the water storage area; the electric control valve is located at the inlet end of the pressure water supply pipeline and is electrically connected to the control device box; the power generation equipment can generate electricity by the water outlet in the pressure water supply pipeline; the outlet end of the pressure water supply pipeline is connected to a tailwater discharge pipeline.

[0007] Furthermore, the partial partition is disposed in the water outlet tank chamber on the side away from the sea surface, and the partial partition makes the length of the air pressure action zone greater than the length of the water storage zone.

[0008] Furthermore, the pressurized water pipeline is inclined downwards from one end of the water storage area toward the other end of the power generation equipment.

[0009] Furthermore, the power generation equipment includes a water turbine and a generator; the water turbine is located at the outlet end of the pressure water supply pipeline and can be driven to rotate by the water flowing out of the pressure water supply pipeline; the generator is located on the land behind the top wall of the embankment, and the generator is connected to the water turbine via a drive shaft.

[0010] Furthermore, the breakwater body has a forward-extending toe on the outer bottom of the side closest to the sea surface, and a load-bearing chamber is also provided at the bottom inside the breakwater body.

[0011] Furthermore, the control device box is equipped with a liquid level control unit for monitoring the liquid level in the water storage area and controlling the opening and closing of the electric control valve.

[0012] Furthermore, the top of the vent is provided with an inclined baffle.

[0013] Furthermore, the breakwater is equipped with a maintenance box cover on the top wall of the breakwater body, and ladders are installed inside the inlet tank and the outlet tank.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are: (1) The breakwater built-in power generation system based on pneumatic energy storage disclosed in this invention constructs an integrated protection and power generation structure by setting up an inlet tank chamber and an outlet tank chamber separated by a vertical main board inside the prefabricated caisson breakwater body, and setting a partial partition in the outlet tank chamber to form a pneumatic action zone and a water storage zone. This system is completely built into the breakwater body, eliminating the need for an additional independent external wave collection structure as required by wave-crossing technology, thereby saving marine space and reducing the overall engineering cost.

[0015] (2) This system uses air as a flexible transmission medium. A pneumatically driven energy storage system, consisting of a one-way air intake valve, a one-way ventilation valve, and a one-way water supply valve, transfers wave energy to the pneumatically driven zone within the outlet tank. The system then drives the water body to reciprocate between the pneumatically driven zone and the storage zone. Its core energy conversion relies on the potential energy changes and flow of the water body, rather than the mechanical impact of high-speed airflow on the turbine as in OWC technology. Simultaneously, the embankment wall and the storage zone together form a potential energy storage space. This step-by-step transmission and conversion path of air, liquid, and potential not only effectively buffers the direct impact load of waves on the main structure but also largely avoids the involvement of high-speed moving mechanical components (such as the turbine) in the core energy conversion process. Therefore, it can significantly reduce system mechanical wear, improve durability, and lower long-term maintenance costs.

[0016] (3) This system utilizes the potential energy storage space formed by the dike top wall to first convert the randomly fluctuating wave energy into stable water level potential energy (power generation head) through a working mode of air pressure drive, potential energy storage, and controllable release. When the water level in the storage area is determined by the liquid level control unit in the control device box to reach the optimal power generation head, the electric control valve is activated to release water flow to drive the power generation equipment. This mechanism of storing first and then generating fundamentally overcomes the shortcomings of OWC technology where the output power fluctuates drastically with the wave frequency, can smooth out output power fluctuations, improve power quality, and enhance grid connection adaptability. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the breakwater built-in power generation system based on pneumatic energy storage provided by the present invention Figure 1 ; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the breakwater built-in power generation system based on pneumatic energy storage provided by the present invention Figure 2 ; Figure 3 A structural cross-sectional schematic diagram (static condition) of the breakwater built-in power generation system based on air pressure driven energy storage provided for this invention. Figure 4 A structural cross-sectional schematic diagram of the breakwater built-in power generation system based on air pressure driven energy storage provided by the present invention (wave energy storage working condition). Figure 5This is a side view schematic diagram of the arrayed arrangement of multiple units of the breakwater built-in power generation system based on air pressure driven energy storage provided by the present invention.

[0019] In the picture: 1. Breakwater body; 11. Vertical main board; 12. Inlet tank; 13. Outlet tank; 131. Air pressure zone; 132. Water storage area; 14. Inlet channel; 15. Partial partition; 16. Breakwater top wall; 2. One-way air inlet valve; 3. One-way vent valve; 4. One-way water supply valve; 5. Ventilation outlet; 51. Baffle; 6. Control device box; 7. Electric control valve; 8. Pressure water supply pipeline; 9. Turbine; 10. Tailwater discharge pipeline; 17. Generator; 18. Drive shaft; 19. Load-bearing tank; 20. Front toe; 21. Inspection tank cover; 22. Ladder; 23. Sea surface; 24. Land. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Example: like Figure 1-2 The image shows a breakwater-based built-in power generation system based on pneumatic energy storage provided in this embodiment, comprising: The prefabricated caisson breakwater structure has two chamber sections inside the breakwater body 1. The lower chamber section is the load-bearing chamber section, while the upper chamber section is divided by a vertical main plate 11 into an inlet chamber 12 and an outlet chamber 13. The bottom of the inlet chamber 12 has an inlet channel 14. The outlet chamber 13 has a partial partition 15 that divides it into a pressure zone 131 and a water storage zone 132. The pressure zone 131 and the water storage zone 132 are connected by a gap between the bottom of the partial partition 15 and the inner wall of the breakwater body 1. A top wall 16 extending upwards from the top of the breakwater body is constructed on the upper side of the water storage zone 132. The top wall 16 has a ventilation opening 5 at its top. The pneumatic energy storage system includes a one-way air inlet valve 2 located at the top of the wall of the inlet tank 12, which allows only external air to enter the inlet tank 12; a one-way vent valve 3 located on the upper part of the vertical main plate, which allows only gas to flow from the inlet tank 12 to the outlet tank 13; and a one-way water supply valve 4 located on the lower part of the vertical main plate 11, which allows only water to flow from the inlet tank 12 to the outlet tank 13. The installation height of the one-way water supply valve 4 is higher than the bottom edge height of the local partition 15. That is, under the action of waves, when the liquid level in the air pressure zone of the outlet tank 13 drops to the level that triggers the opening of the one-way water supply valve 4, the bottom edge of the local partition 15 is still lower than the liquid level in the air pressure zone. The setting of this height relationship ensures the continuity and stability of the working cycle of pneumatic energy storage, water discharge power generation and automatic water replenishment, and prevents the cycle from being interrupted due to the bottom of the local baffle 15 being exposed to the water surface too early, thereby ensuring that the system can operate continuously and reliably.

[0022] The power generation system includes a control unit box 6, a pressurized water pipeline 8, an electric control valve 7, and power generation equipment; The control device box 6 is located on the top wall 16 of the embankment and is used to control the opening and closing of the electric control valve 7; the pressure water supply pipeline 8 is located on one side of the water storage area 132 and is connected to the water storage area 132; the electric control valve 7 is located at the inlet end of the pressure water supply pipeline 8 and is electrically connected to the control device box 6; the power generation equipment can be driven to generate electricity by the water outlet in the pressure water supply pipeline 8; the outlet end of the pressure water supply pipeline 8 is connected to the tailwater discharge pipeline 10.

[0023] The breakwater body 1 is the main load-bearing and functional structure of the system. It is integrally cast in a prefabrication yard using high-strength reinforced concrete to ensure the integrity and watertightness of the structure. To meet the durability requirements of the harsh marine environment, the concrete needs to be mixed with anti-corrosion and anti-permeability admixtures. In this embodiment, the external dimensions of the breakwater can be pre-designed as follows: the body is 9m long, 5.2m wide, and 13.5m high. The four chambers inside the breakwater body 1, namely the inlet chamber 12, the outlet chamber 13, and the two load-bearing chambers 19, are all designed with a net internal dimension of 6m high, 4m wide, and 3.6m long. The length refers to the dimension from the sea surface to the land, and the width refers to the dimension along the coastline. In the design of the breakwater structure, the thickness of the plates in different parts is differentiated according to their stress characteristics. Specifically, the thickness of the wave-facing box wall and the internal vertical main plate 11, which directly bear the wave impact, is designed to be 0.6m. The thickness of the vertical box wall and the internal transverse main plate of the breakwater body, which mainly serve a separating and stabilizing function, can be appropriately reduced to 0.5m. The local partition 15 installed within this box is designed to be 0.3m thick; this thickness balances structural rigidity and stability under long-term hydrodynamic and air pressure alternation. All one-way valves inside the dike, such as one-way air inlet valve 2, one-way vent valve 3, and one-way water supply valve 4, are key dynamic components to ensure the cyclic operation of the system. High-reliability models designed specifically for marine environments must be selected, such as valves made of seawater-resistant engineering plastics or stainless steel with reliable one-way sealing function. These valves also need to have the function of preventing backflow. The specific diameter of the valve is selected based on the expected gas flux or water supply flow rate within a single wave cycle, and is determined through hydrodynamic calculations.

[0024] The main function of the dike top retaining wall 16 is to enclose and store water. The structural strength requirements are relatively low. The thickness of the plate can be determined according to the structural height and the corresponding stress calculation. It is sufficient to meet the requirements of stable support.

[0025] The control unit box 6 is installed on the outer side of the dike top wall 16 near the land side wall, and it must have good sealing and weather resistance.

[0026] In this embodiment, two load-bearing chambers 19 are provided in the load-bearing chamber area. The internal clear dimensions of the load-bearing chamber 19 are 6m high, 4m wide, and 3.6m long. The load-bearing chamber 19 is filled with dense sand and gravel ballast material to enhance its wave resistance. The front toe 20 provided at the bottom of the outer side of the breakwater body 1 near the sea surface 23 works together with the load-bearing chambers 19 filled with ballast material to enhance the overall anti-slip, anti-overturning stability and structural durability of the breakwater body 1, ensuring that the built-in power generation system can still maintain safe and stable operation under long-term wave loads and internal alternating pressure.

[0027] This system integrates the energy capture and conversion module entirely within the breakwater, achieving deep integration and reuse of power generation and coastal wave dissipation and protection functions. This allows the wave energy power generation device to naturally withstand extreme sea conditions without requiring additional sea space, thus improving the overall benefits of coastal engineering construction and realizing dual-purpose use of the breakwater. Through the set air pressure driven energy storage system, in conjunction with the air pressure action zone, the water storage zone 132, and the potential energy storage space formed by the breakwater top wall, the system achieves the collection, buffering, storage, and stable release of random wave energy.

[0028] In a specific embodiment, the partial partition 15 is disposed within the water outlet chamber 13 on the side away from the sea surface 23, and the partial partition 15 makes the length ratio of the pressure action zone 131 to the length ratio of the water storage zone 132 along the direction from the sea surface 23 to the land 24 9:2. The partial partition 15 is disposed within the water outlet chamber 13 on the side closer to the land, and divides the space of the water outlet chamber 13 into a front (near the sea surface 23) pressure action zone 131 and a rear (near the land 24) high-level water storage zone 132. The water in the two zones is hydraulically connected through the gap at the bottom of the partition, and the horizontal length along the direction from the sea surface to the land is asymmetrically designed. In this embodiment, the horizontal distance between the partial partition 15 and the near-shore side wall of the tank is 0.6m. The resulting spatial length (wave direction length) ratio between the pressure zone and the water storage zone is 9:2. This ratio, through optimal allocation of the tank space, ensures that the pressure zone 131 has sufficient pressurized volume to fully capture wave pressure energy, while maintaining a reasonably narrow space in the water storage zone 132 to amplify liquid surface displacement. If this ratio is too large, the pressure zone 131 will have an excessively high proportion, leading to an insufficient space in the water storage zone 132. This results in insufficient water capacity in the water storage zone 132, causing water to be drawn from the pressure transmitted by the pressure zone 131. Excessive water level rise has two adverse effects: first, if the height of the dike top wall is not adjusted, the rise in water level can easily lead to water overflow, posing a safety hazard to land-based facilities; second, if the dike top wall is raised to prevent overflow, it will significantly increase the load on the dike structure, severely impacting the overall stability of the dike. If the spatial length ratio between the pressure zone and the high-level water storage zone is too small (the wave direction length ratio is too small), the pressure zone 131 will lack sufficient pressure to generate enough driving pressure, resulting in a significant reduction in the rise in liquid level. This makes it difficult to reach the preset power generation threshold, leading to insufficient energy storage, reduced power generation frequency, and a significant decrease in energy capture efficiency. The local baffle 15 optimizes the volume distribution between the pressure zone 131 and the water storage zone 132 through its optimal installation position, enabling the system to fully amplify the wave pressure transmission and energy conversion effects, thereby driving a higher rise in the liquid level of the water storage zone 132. This provides a reliable structural foundation for the power generation system to form a stable and considerable power generation head.

[0029] In a specific embodiment, the ratio of the installation height of the one-way water supply valve 4 to the bottom edge height of the local partition 15 is 5:2. The one-way water supply valve 4 is set to a water supply height of 1.5m, and the bottom edge height of the local partition 15 (the distance from the bottom of the local partition 15 to the bottom of the outlet tank 1b) is 0.6m. The difference between the installation height of the one-way water supply valve 4 and the bottom edge height of the local partition 15 is 0.9m. By limiting the key height ratio between the water supply valve 4 and the bottom edge of the partition 15, it can work synergistically with the 9:2 volume ratio of the air pressure zone 131 to the water storage zone 132. The volume ratio of 2 amplifies the lifting effect of wave pressure on the water surface in the storage area, while the height ratio of 5:2 (i.e., a height difference of 0.9m) ensures that the bottom of the local baffle is always submerged during the process of the water surface in the pressure zone dropping to a level sufficient to trigger water replenishment. This ensures that the hydraulic connection between the pressure zone and the storage area is not disrupted, thereby enabling the system's dynamic response to achieve a better match with specific wave conditions and improving the overall energy capture and conversion efficiency. Calculations show that, under ideal conditions, this synergistic effect can enable the maximum rise of the water surface in the storage area to reach approximately 4.05m.

[0030] The specific diameter of the valve is selected based on the expected gas flow or water supply flow rate within a single wave cycle.

[0031] Based on the maximum possible lift height (approximately 4.05m) determined by the parameters of the aforementioned local baffles and valves, in order to fully store energy and consider safety margins, the height of the dike top wall 16 constructed above the high-level water storage area is designed to be 6m. This value is determined by comprehensively considering the design high water level, wave run-up and the limitations of the total structural height, based on the maximum lift head.

[0032] In a specific embodiment, the pressure water supply pipe 8 is inclined downwards from one end of the water storage area 132 toward the power generation equipment. The inclined pressure water supply pipe 8 can utilize the gravitational potential energy of the water itself to accelerate drainage, thereby increasing the speed and kinetic energy of the water flow when impacting the turbine, and thus improving the driving efficiency of the turbine and the energy conversion efficiency of the entire power generation system.

[0033] In a specific embodiment, the power generation equipment includes a water turbine 9 and a generator 17; the water turbine 9 is located at the outlet end of the pressure water supply pipeline 8 and can be driven to rotate by the water flowing out of the pressure water supply pipeline 8; the generator 17 is located on land 24, and the generator 17 is connected to the water turbine 9 via a drive shaft 18. The power generation system adopts a technologically mature and stable low-head hydropower generation device. The core energy conversion of the system is mainly based on fluid motion, with few mechanical wear parts. The equipment structure is robust and durable, with a low failure rate and simple maintenance. Furthermore, the system uses air as a flexible medium to transfer energy, which can effectively buffer wave impact loads and reduce structural and equipment fatigue damage.

[0034] The turbine 9 is selected to be a model that is suitable for low head, variable flow, insensitive to water flow pulsation, and can maintain good durability under frequent start-stop conditions, such as a cross-flow or axial flow fixed-blade turbine. The generator 17 and electrical control equipment (control unit box) are installed on the land 24 at the rear. Its control system can adapt to intermittent pulse power input and has the necessary power quality regulation functions.

[0035] In a specific embodiment, the control device box 6 is equipped with a liquid level control unit for monitoring the liquid level of the water storage area 132 and controlling the opening and closing of the electric control valve 7.

[0036] The liquid level control unit is a liquid level sensor. The trigger height of the liquid level sensor is the power generation threshold. By setting the trigger height of the liquid level sensor, the system will only release water flow to generate electricity when the water head in the storage area reaches the preset optimal power generation threshold (132). This power generation mode can effectively smooth the violent fluctuations of random waves, making the power output more stable and the power output more consistent. This is beneficial for grid connection and improves the grid friendliness and power supply quality of the system. The trigger height of the liquid level sensor (i.e., the power generation threshold) can be set according to the actual energy storage head range.

[0037] The control device box 6 is also equipped with a battery or backup power supply to ensure the operation of the electric control valve 7.

[0038] In a specific embodiment, the internal length and width of the dike top wall 16 are consistent with those of the water storage area 132; The top of the vent 5 is equipped with an inclined baffle 51. The vent 5 is fitted with a corrosion-resistant, fine protective mesh. While maintaining the connection between the upper space of the water storage area 132 and the atmosphere and maintaining air pressure balance, the inclined baffle 51 can effectively prevent rainwater, waves, sea spray, and floating debris from entering the system through the vent 5, thereby improving the adaptability, sealing, and long-term operational reliability of the power generation system in complex marine environments.

[0039] In a specific embodiment, a maintenance box cover 21 is provided on the top wall of the breakwater 1, and ladders 22 are provided inside the inlet tank 12 and the outlet tank 13. The maintenance box cover 21 and ladders 22 are arranged corresponding to the one-way air inlet valve 2, one-way vent valve 3, one-way water supply valve 4, and control device box 6, providing a convenient and safe passage for the inspection, maintenance, and replacement of key equipment such as internal valves and sensors, greatly reducing the long-term operation and maintenance costs and difficulties of the system, and reflecting a good maintainability design.

[0040] The installation of the inspection box cover 21 and ladder 22 provides a convenient and safe passage for the daily inspection, maintenance and replacement of key equipment such as the one-way air intake valve 2, one-way vent valve 3, one-way water supply valve 4 and control device box 6. The system greatly reduces the difficulty of offshore operation and maintenance and the long-term use cost. The overall structure has excellent maintainability and engineering practicality.

[0041] In addition, regarding structural safety, the cross-sectional dimensions and reinforcement design of all load-bearing components in this system, including the breakwater body 1, the forefoot 20, the vertical main plate 11, and the local diaphragm 15, must be carried out in accordance with the specifications. Besides conventional wave loads, earth pressure, and self-weight, two special load conditions must be carefully verified: first, the alternating fatigue load generated by the internal periodic gas-liquid pressure on the tank walls and diaphragms; and second, the dynamic effect of rapid water discharge from the high-level reservoir on the enclosure walls and tank structure during power generation. This ensures that the overall structure still has sufficient safety reserves and stability under extreme sea conditions.

[0042] like Figure 5 As shown, in actual engineering, this system adopts a standardized and modular design concept. A single prefabricated caisson meeting the above design specifications constitutes a complete protection and power generation unit. Based on the required length of the protective dike and the total power generation capacity, multiple such units can be connected side-by-side along the coastline to form a continuous array structure. During construction, multiple caissons can be partially connected in the prefabrication yard, floated to the design location by tugboats, precisely positioned, and then sunk to the bottom, followed by backfilling and superstructure construction. The power output from multiple units can be collected in parallel to the onshore booster station. This system can also be equipped with a centralized monitoring system to remotely monitor the liquid level, valve status, and power generation of each unit, enabling intelligent operation and maintenance and fault early warning, thereby reducing maintenance costs. The monitoring system, sensors, and liquid level control units are all existing technologies; their more specific working principles will not be elaborated here.

[0043] The complete working cycle of the system described in this invention includes four stages: static preparation, wave energy storage, potential energy power generation, and automatic water replenishment. All components operate in coordination, and the specific process is as follows: 1. Initial static phase: After the system is installed in the designated location, seawater naturally fills the inlet tank 12 and outlet tank 13 through the inlet channel 14 at the bottom of the inlet tank wall. At this time, the external sea surface, the liquid level in the inlet tank, the liquid level in the air pressure zone 131 of the outlet tank, and the liquid level in the water storage zone 132 are all at the same level. Figure 3 As shown. The ventilation opening 5 at the top of the dike top wall 16 (with its inclined baffle at the top for preventing debris) keeps the space above the water level in the storage area open to the atmosphere. At this time, the liquid level sensor in the control unit box 6 detects that the liquid level in the storage area 132 is lower than the preset power generation threshold, so the electric control valve 7 remains closed and the power generation system is in standby mode. The entire breakwater body 1 maintains structural stability through its bottom toe 20 and the load-bearing chamber 19 filled with ballast.

[0044] 2. Wave energy storage stage (pressure-driven and potential energy storage): When waves arrive, the water level in front of the dike rises, forcing the liquid level in the inlet tank 12 to rise and compressing the air at its top. At this time, the one-way air inlet valve 2 (which only allows external air to enter) prevents the gas from leaking out, and the compressed air can only enter the top of the air pressure zone 131 of the outlet tank 13 through the one-way vent valve 3.

[0045] The incoming air exerts downward pressure on the liquid surface in the pressure zone 131, forcing the liquid level to drop. Due to the obstruction of the local baffle 15 and the connectivity of its bottom gap, the slight drop in the liquid level in the pressure zone will cause a significant rise in the liquid level in the water storage zone 132, such as... Figure 4 As shown. The specific placement of the local baffle 15 (0.6m from the bank, forming a 9:2 area length ratio) is key to achieving the pressure amplification effect. The raised water is contained by the top wall 16, and its potential energy (water head) is stored. The vent 5 ensures that the air pressure above the reservoir is balanced with the ambient atmospheric pressure during this process.

[0046] 3. Potential energy generation stage (controlled release and power generation): When the liquid level sensor in the control unit box 6 detects that the liquid level in the water storage area 132 has risen to the preset power generation head threshold, the control unit box 6 issues a command to open the electric control valve 7.

[0047] The accumulated high-level seawater, under the influence of gravity, is forced out through the pressure water conveyance pipe 8 (whose downward-sloping design helps to accelerate the water flow using gravity), driving the water turbine 9 installed inside the pipe to rotate at high speed. The water turbine 9 drives the generator 17 through the drive shaft 18, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy for output. The tailwater after performing work is discharged to a suitable area through the tailwater discharge pipe 10.

[0048] 4. Automatic water replenishment stage (water balance and circulation preparation): After power generation, the water level in the water storage area 132 drops, and the electric control valve 7 closes under the command of the control device box 6.

[0049] During subsequent wave cycles, when the liquid level in the pressure zone 131 within the outlet tank 13 drops below the installation height of the one-way water supply valve 4 (e.g., 1.5m in the embodiment) due to air pressure, the one-way water supply valve 4 opens under the pressure difference. Seawater flows from the inlet tank 12 into the outlet tank 13 through this valve to maintain the internal water balance of the system and prepare for the next energy storage and power generation cycle. The installation height of the one-way water supply valve 4 must be higher than the bottom edge of the local baffle 15 and in the optimal proportion to ensure that when water supply is triggered, the pressure zone 131 and the water storage zone 132 remain connected through the bottom gap, and the circulation is not interrupted.

[0050] 5. Maintenance: Routine inspection and maintenance of equipment such as one-way air intake valve 2, one-way air vent valve 3, one-way water supply valve 4, and control device box 6 can be carried out through the inspection box cover 21 and ladder 22.

[0051] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A breakwater-embedded power generation system based on pneumatically driven energy storage, characterized in that, include: The prefabricated caisson breakwater structure has two chamber areas inside the breakwater body (1). The lower chamber area is the load-bearing chamber area, and the upper chamber area is divided into an inlet chamber (12) and an outlet chamber (13) by a vertical main board (11). The bottom of the wall of the inlet chamber (12) is provided with an inlet channel (14). The outlet chamber (13) is provided with a partial partition (15). 15) The water outlet chamber (13) is divided into a pressure action zone (131) and a water storage zone (132). The pressure action zone (131) and the water storage zone (132) are connected to the inner wall of the breakwater body (1) through the gap at the bottom of the local partition (15). A top wall (16) extending upward from the top of the breakwater body (1) is constructed on the upper side of the water storage zone (132). A ventilation opening (5) is provided at the top of the top wall (16). The pneumatic energy storage system includes a one-way air inlet valve (2) located at the top of the wall of the water inlet chamber (12) and allowing only external air to enter the water inlet chamber (12); a one-way vent valve (3) located on the upper part of the vertical main board and allowing only gas to flow from the water inlet chamber (12) to the water outlet chamber (13); and a one-way water supply valve (4) located on the lower part of the vertical main board and allowing only water to flow from the water inlet chamber (12) to the water outlet chamber (13). The installation height of the one-way water supply valve (4) is higher than the bottom edge height of the local partition (15). The power generation system includes a control unit box (6), a pressurized water pipeline (8), an electric control valve (7), and power generation equipment; The control device box (6) is located on the top wall (16) of the embankment and is used to control the opening and closing of the electric control valve (7); the pressure water supply pipeline (8) is located on one side of the water storage area (132) and is connected to the water storage area (132); the electric control valve (7) is located at the inlet end of the pressure water supply pipeline (8) and is electrically connected to the control device box (6); the power generation equipment can generate electricity by the water outlet in the pressure water supply pipeline (8); the outlet end of the pressure water supply pipeline (8) is connected to the tailwater discharge pipeline (10).

2. The breakwater built-in power generation system based on pneumatic energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The partial partition (15) is located inside the water outlet chamber (13) on the side away from the sea surface (23), and the partial partition (15) makes the length of the air pressure action zone (131) greater than the length of the water storage zone (132).

3. The breakwater built-in power generation system based on pneumatic energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control device box (6) is equipped with a liquid level control unit for monitoring the liquid level of the water storage area (132) and controlling the opening and closing of the electric control valve (7).

4. The breakwater built-in power generation system based on pneumatic energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the ventilation opening (5) is provided with an inclined baffle (51).

5. The breakwater built-in power generation system based on pneumatic energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The breakwater body (1) has an inspection box cover (21) on the top wall, and the inlet tank (12) and outlet tank (13) are equipped with ladders (22).

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