A roadside soil trenching device and its construction method

Abstract

This invention discloses a roadside soil trenching device and its construction method, belonging to the field of road construction machinery technology. It includes an excavator body, a drive mechanism installed at the front end of the excavator boom, a disc crusher wheel directly connected to the output shaft of the drive mechanism, and a shaping and soil-discharging system installed on the stationary housing of the drive mechanism. The shaping and soil-discharging system includes a pre-shaping plate assembly and a finishing wheel assembly arranged sequentially along the working direction, with both the pre-shaping plate assembly and the finishing wheel assembly positioned behind the disc crusher wheel. The disc crusher wheel replaces the traditional excavator's shoveling method with a cutting method, and, in conjunction with centrifugal soil-discharging blades, can precisely throw the crushed soil to a designated area outside the trench, significantly reducing excavation volume and soil spillage. The rear-mounted shaping and soil-discharging system scrapes and loosens the soil on the trench sidewalls in stages and rolls and compacts it, forming a flat and dense trench inner wall, avoiding the risk of sidewall loosening and collapse caused by traditional methods, and improving the trench forming quality and subsequent cable laying efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of road construction machinery technology, and in particular to a device and its construction method for excavating cable trenches in areas such as highway shoulders or slopes. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction of electromechanical engineering projects on highways, it is usually necessary to lay optical cables, electrical cables, and other cables along the shoulders or slopes of the highway. Before laying, trenches for direct burial of cables need to be excavated in the soil of the soft shoulders or slopes.

[0003] Currently, traditional construction methods mainly rely on manual layout and positioning, followed by excavation using ordinary excavators. This method has the following significant drawbacks: 1. Poor excavation accuracy and low efficiency: It is difficult to accurately control the width and depth of the trench when operating an excavator manually, and secondary adjustments are often required, resulting in low construction efficiency.

[0004] 2. Excavation face is too wide, resulting in serious waste: The bucket width of ordinary excavators is usually much larger than the required trench width, resulting in the amount of excavated soil far exceeding the actual needs. This not only wastes earthwork, but also increases the amount of subsequent backfilling work and disturbs the surrounding soil.

[0005] 3. Existing specialized equipment is not adaptable enough: Although there are equipment such as chain trenchers, they are usually large in size, inconvenient to transport, and their operation mode is difficult to adapt to the highway construction environment (such as limited space, need to protect existing facilities and vegetation, etc.).

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for excavation equipment that can adapt to the construction environment of highways, has high excavation accuracy and efficiency, and can minimize damage to roadside vegetation and earthwork, so as to achieve rapid and accurate trench excavation, significantly reduce earthwork excavation, and effectively adapt to the narrow construction space on the side of highways, thereby mitigating damage to highway slope vegetation to the greatest extent. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In order to solve at least some of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a roadside soil trenching device with high excavation accuracy, high construction efficiency, minimal soil damage, and adaptability to narrow spaces.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A roadside soil trenching device includes an excavator body, a drive mechanism mounted on the front end of the excavator boom, a disc crusher wheel directly connected to the output shaft of the drive mechanism, and a shaping and soil-discharging system mounted on the stationary housing of the drive mechanism. The disc crusher wheel has centrifugal soil-discharging blades symmetrically arranged on both sides. When the disc crusher wheel rotates, centrifugal force is used to directionally throw the crushed soil to the outside of the trench. The shaping and soil-discharging system includes a pre-shaping plate assembly and a finishing wheel assembly arranged sequentially along the working direction, with both the pre-shaping plate assembly and the finishing wheel assembly located behind the disc crusher wheel. The pre-shaping plate assembly is used to scrape away loose soil from the trench sidewalls; the finishing wheel assembly is used to roll, compress, and compact the trench sidewalls. By adopting the above technical solution: the disc crusher replaces the traditional excavator's shoveling method with a cutting method, and the centrifugal soil discharge blades can accurately throw the crushed soil to a designated area outside the trench, significantly reducing the amount of excavation and soil spillage; the rear-mounted shaping and soil discharge system scrapes and loosens the soil on the trench sidewalls in stages and rolls and compacts it to form a flat and dense trench inner wall, avoiding the risk of sidewall loosening and collapse caused by traditional methods, and improving the trench forming quality and subsequent cable laying efficiency.

[0009] Preferably, the upper part of the disc crusher is equipped with a protective cover. The protective cover can effectively block soil and rock fragments that are splashed when the crusher rotates, ensuring construction safety.

[0010] Preferably, a mounting plate is provided at the bottom rear side of the protective cover, and a fixed bracket is installed at the lower end of the mounting plate. Both the pre-shaping plate assembly and the finishing wheel assembly are mounted on the fixed bracket. The mounting plate and the fixed bracket provide a stable mounting platform for the shaping and soil removal system, ensuring that the pre-shaping and finishing operations remain fixed in relative position to the crushing wheel during the movement of the machinery.

[0011] Preferably, the pre-shaping plate assembly includes two symmetrically distributed side scrapers. Both side scrapers are slidably connected to a fixed bracket along the width of the trench, and each side scraper is elastically supported by the fixed bracket so that it tends to move towards the corresponding sidewall of the trench. The elastically supported side scrapers can adapt to trenches of different widths within a certain range and always apply appropriate pressure to scrape against the trench sidewall, effectively removing loose soil adhering to the sidewall after crushing, creating a smooth working surface for subsequent finishing processes.

[0012] Preferably, the main structure of the side scraper is configured as an L-shaped plate structure, defined as being composed of a first side plate and a second side plate connected perpendicularly to each other. The side scraper is arranged longitudinally, with the first side plate parallel to the end face of the disc crushing wheel and slidably connected to a fixed bracket. The end of the second side plate is folded backward and forms an arc segment at the inflection point, which serves as the part for scraping soil from the sidewall of the trench. The L-shaped structure gives the side scraper both guiding and scraping functions. The first side plate ensures sliding stability, while the arc segment, as the working cutting edge, can smoothly and efficiently scrape away soil, reducing resistance and preventing soil accumulation.

[0013] Preferably, the second side plate has a guide plate parallel to the end face of the disc crusher at one end. The guide plate can guide the scraped soil into the trench in the early stage of trench formation, avoiding a large amount of soil accumulation between the side scraper and the trench sidewall, thereby reducing forward resistance and improving scraping efficiency.

[0014] Preferably, the first side plate is provided with at least two first guide holes, and the fixed bracket is provided with first guide rods corresponding to the first guide holes one by one, with a first circular baffle at the end of each first guide rod; each first guide rod is fitted with a first spring, and the two ends of the first spring elastically abut against the first side plate and the fixed bracket, respectively. The cooperation between the guide rod and the guide hole ensures that the side scraper slides smoothly along a straight line, and the spring provides a stable elastic restoring force, making the side scraper fit tightly against the sidewall of the trench, thus achieving adaptive cleaning of the sidewall and continuous cleaning of the trench width.

[0015] Preferably, the working surface of the side scraper is coated with a 30-50 μm thick Teflon non-stick coating with a surface roughness Ra ≤ 1.6 μm. The smooth non-stick coating can significantly reduce the adhesion of soil (especially clay) to the scraper, reduce soil cleaning resistance and equipment maintenance frequency, and improve the device's operating capability in wet and sticky soil conditions.

[0016] Preferably, the finishing wheel assembly includes: a mounting block, fixedly connected to the rear end of the fixed bracket, and having a plurality of longitudinal sliding holes on the mounting block, the axial direction of which is the same as that of the disc crushing wheel, and side baffles installed on both the left and right sides of the mounting block; a floating wheel assembly, with at least two sets of longitudinally arranged floating wheel assemblies on each of the left and right sides of the mounting block, and the floating wheel assemblies on the left and right sides of the mounting block being arranged opposite to each other; each set of floating wheel assemblies includes a roller bracket and a squeezing roller rotatably mounted on the roller bracket; at least two second guide rods are provided on the roller bracket, and at least two second guide rods slide through the side baffles on the corresponding sides and are respectively inserted into different sliding holes, and a second circular baffle is installed at the end of each second guide rod, the second circular baffle being slidably connected to the corresponding sliding hole; and a second spring, with a second spring coaxially installed in each sliding hole, and the two ends of the second spring elastically abutting against the second circular baffles on the left and right floating wheel assemblies respectively. Multiple sets of floating wheel assemblies, under the action of the second spring, can simultaneously apply flexible rolling extrusion pressure to both sides of the trench, compacting the soil on the side walls; the floating structure can adapt to the slight unevenness of the trench side walls, ensuring uniform compaction effect; the longitudinally arranged extrusion rollers form a continuous compaction surface, significantly improving the density and stability of the trench side walls.

[0017] Preferably, a top baffle is installed on the front side of the protective cover. The top baffle can further limit the direction of soil and gravel splash in front of the crushing wheel, protect the front components of the equipment, and make the soil dumping range more concentrated and controllable.

[0018] Therefore, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The use of disc crusher wheel cutting combined with centrifugal soil discharge realizes narrow and precise excavation, and the integrated excavator can travel on the shoulder side. Combined with the disc crusher wheel, the amount of earthwork and vegetation damage are greatly reduced, and the efficiency is high; (2) The innovative rear-mounted "scraping + rolling compaction" shaping system can form a flat and dense trench sidewall in one step; (3) The overall device has a compact structure and can be adapted to small and medium-sized excavators. The excavator boom can be extended from above the guardrail to work, which perfectly adapts to the construction restrictions of the narrow space on the side of the highway. No large special equipment is required, and the flexibility is strong; (4) Each component is designed with elastic self-adaptation to cope with different soil types and trench size changes, and has good versatility and reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The accompanying drawings, which are provided to further illustrate the invention and constitute a part of this invention, are illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a roadside soil trenching device according to the present invention. Figure 1 .

[0021] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the disc crushing wheel and protective cover in this invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a roadside soil trenching device according to the present invention. Figure 2 .

[0023] Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the protective cover and soil shaping and removal system of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a bottom view of the shaping and soil removal system of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 for Figure 5 The elevation section of section AA in the figure.

[0026] Figure 7 for Figure 5 The elevation section of section BB in the figure.

[0027] Figure 8 This is an exploded view of the shaping and soil removal system of the present invention.

[0028] In the picture: 1-Drive mechanism; 2-Disc crusher wheel, 21-Centrifugal soil discharge blade; 3-Pre-shaped plate assembly, 31-Side scraper, 311-First side plate, 3111-First guide hole, 312-Second side plate, 313-Arc segment, 314-Guide plate; 4-Finishing wheel assembly, 41-Mounting block, 411-Sliding hole, 412-Side baffle, 42-Roller bracket, 421-Second guide rod, 422-Second circular baffle, 43-Extrusion roller, 44-Second spring; 5-Protective cover, 51-Mounting plate, 52-Fixed bracket, 521-First guide rod, 522-First circular baffle, 523-First spring, 53-Top baffle, 54-Allowing hole, 55-Reinforcing bracket. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the technical problems to be solved, the technical solutions, and the beneficial technical effects of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and several exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be understood that in this document, the expressions "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, nor should they be construed as implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Features defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly indicate that at least one of those features is included.

[0030] like Figures 1 to 8 The illustrated roadside soil trenching device includes an excavator body, a drive mechanism 1 mounted on the front end of the excavator boom, a disc crusher 2 directly connected to the output shaft of the drive mechanism 1, and a shaping and soil-discharging system mounted on the stationary housing of the drive mechanism 1. The drive mechanism 1 provides high-speed rotational power to the disc crusher 2 via hydraulic or mechanical transmission, causing it to cut into the soil; the shaping and soil-discharging system refines the initially formed trench. This coordinated front-and-rear operation mode, unlike the traditional excavator "dig-throw" mode, achieves integrated and efficient "cutting-directional soil discharge-shaping" operation, minimizing soil loosening and damage to the roadside environment while ensuring excavation accuracy.

[0031] The disc crusher 2 is symmetrically equipped with centrifugal soil-discharging blades 21 on both sides (generally existing technology for disc crushers). When the disc crusher 2 rotates, it uses centrifugal force to directionally throw the crushed soil to the outside of the trench. The centrifugal soil-discharging blades 21 rotate integrally with the disc crusher 2, and while crushing the soil, they use centrifugal force to accurately and centrally throw the crushed soil along the tangential direction of the blades to predetermined areas on both sides of the trench. At the same time, by controlling the speed of the crusher and the angle of the blades, the distance and range of soil throwing can be adjusted, effectively avoiding the scattered accumulation of soil at the edge of the trench, and greatly reducing subsequent cleanup work and burying of surrounding vegetation.

[0032] The shaping and soil removal system includes a pre-shaping plate assembly 3 and a finishing wheel assembly 4 arranged sequentially along the working direction, with both assembly 3 and 4 positioned behind the disc crusher 2. The pre-shaping plate assembly 3 is used to scrape away loose soil from the trench sidewalls, while the finishing wheel assembly 4 is used to roll and compact the trench sidewalls. The pre-shaping plate assembly 3 first removes the loose soil remaining on the trench sidewalls after being cut by the crusher; the finishing wheel assembly 4 then uses flexible rolling to compact the cleaned sidewalls. This ultimately forms a trench with relatively smooth inner walls and a dense structure, providing ideal construction conditions for cable laying and reducing the risk of settlement after trench backfilling.

[0033] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the upper half of the disc crusher 2 is equipped with a protective cover 5. The protective cover 5 covers the upper half of the rotating crusher 2 and the path of soil splashes remaining on the crusher, greatly improving operational safety and keeping the work area clean.

[0034] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a mounting plate 51 is provided at the bottom rear side of the protective cover 5, and a fixing bracket 52 is mounted on the lower end of the mounting plate 51. The pre-shaping plate assembly 3 and the finishing wheel assembly 4 are both mounted on the fixing bracket 52. Figure 1As shown, a top baffle 53 is installed on the front side of the protective cover 5. The top baffle 53 further closes the opening at the top front of the protective cover 5, forming a more complete protection and soil collection space. It can effectively prevent large soil clods or stones that may be splashed upwards due to cutting in front of the crushing wheel 2, further constraining the soil scattering trajectory. The protective cover 5 is provided with a clearance hole 54, and the output shaft of the drive mechanism 1 passes through the clearance hole and is rotatably engaged with the clearance hole by a bearing. The protective cover 5, the stationary housing of the drive mechanism 1, and the fixed bracket 52 are also connected by a reinforcing bracket 55 to enhance the stability of the fixed bracket 52.

[0035] In some practical applications, such as Figures 4 to 5 As shown, the pre-shaping plate assembly 3 includes two symmetrically distributed side scrapers 31. Both side scrapers 31 are slidably connected to a fixed bracket 52 along the width of the trench, and each side scraper 31 is elastically supported by the fixed bracket 52, so that the side scraper 31 tends to move towards the corresponding side wall of the trench. Under the action of spring force, the two side scrapers 31 always gently and stably adhere to the two side walls of the trench. When the trench width changes slightly due to soil quality or operation, the side scrapers 31 can adaptively slide and extend, always maintaining effective contact and working pressure, enabling the device to cope with various uncertainties at the construction site and ensuring the stability and reliability of the scraping effect.

[0036] Specifically, such as Figure 5 As shown, the main structure of the side scraper 31 is configured as an L-shaped plate structure, defined as being formed by connecting a first side plate 311 and a second side plate 312 that are perpendicular to each other. The side scraper 31 is arranged longitudinally as a whole. The first side plate 311 is parallel to the end face of the disc crusher 2 and is slidably connected to the fixed bracket 52. The end of the second side plate 312 is folded backward and forms an arc segment 313 at the inflection point. This arc segment 313 serves as the part for scraping the soil off the side wall of the trench. The first side plate 311 undertakes the main guiding and force-bearing functions, ensuring the smooth movement of the scraper. The arc segment 313 serves as the working cutting edge. Its streamlined design can effectively strip loose soil and has a preliminary soil compaction effect, while minimizing cutting resistance and guiding the scraped soil to slide smoothly backward and downward, preventing it from accumulating and getting stuck at the cutting edge. In some embodiments, a guide plate 314 parallel to the end face of the disc crusher 2 is formed at the end of the second side plate 312 near the disc crusher 2. The guide plate 314 is located at the front end of the side scraper. When the equipment moves forward, it can contact and guide the soil that has been disturbed by the crushing wheel but has not completely detached from the side wall in advance, and guide it to the bottom of the trench. This significantly reduces the amount of soil entering the narrow area between the first side plate 311 and the fixed bracket 52, and prevents the first side plate from getting stuck.

[0037] like Figure 8As shown, the first side plate 311 is provided with at least two first guide holes 3111, and the fixed bracket 52 is provided with first guide rods 521 corresponding to the first guide holes 3111 one by one, and the end of the first guide rod 521 is provided with a first circular baffle 522; each first guide rod 521 is fitted with a first spring 523, and the two ends of the first spring 523 elastically abut against the first side plate 311 and the fixed bracket 52 respectively. The first guide rods 521 ensure that the side scraper 31 can only move along a preset straight path, avoiding swaying and jamming; the first springs 523 are pre-compressed between the first side plate 311 and the fixed bracket 52, providing continuous clamping force for the side scraper 31. This combination of "guidance + elasticity" ensures the scraping force and avoids rigid impact damage to the formed groove wall.

[0038] In some embodiments, the working surface of the side scraper 31 is coated with a 30-50 μm thick Teflon non-stick coating with a surface roughness Ra ≤ 1.6 μm. This makes the working surface of the side scraper 31 extremely smooth and provides excellent hydrophobic and anti-stick properties. In actual construction, especially when excavating cohesive soil, soil hardly adheres to the scraper surface, and the scraped soil falls off quickly. Tests show that compared to ordinary steel plates, its adhesion to clay can be reduced by more than 80%. This not only significantly reduces scraping resistance and equipment energy consumption but also almost eliminates the need for frequent shutdowns for cleaning due to clay compaction, significantly improving the equipment's continuous operation capability and adaptability to complex soil conditions.

[0039] In some practical applications, such as Figure 5 and Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown, the finishing wheel assembly 4 includes: a mounting block 41, fixedly connected to the rear end of the fixed bracket 52, and the mounting block 41 has a plurality of sliding holes 411 arranged longitudinally, the axial direction of the sliding holes 411 being the same as the axial direction of the disc crushing wheel 2, and side baffles 412 installed on both the left and right sides of the mounting block 41; a floating wheel assembly, with at least two sets of longitudinally arranged floating wheel assemblies arranged on each of the left and right sides of the mounting block 41, and the floating wheel assemblies on the left and right sides of the mounting block 41 being arranged opposite to each other; each set of floating wheel assemblies includes a roller bracket 42, and an extrusion device rotatably mounted on the roller bracket 42. Roller 43; The roller bracket 42 is provided with at least two second guide rods 421, and at least two second guide rods 421 slide through the side baffles 412 on the corresponding side and are respectively inserted into different sliding holes 411. The end of each second guide rod 421 is equipped with a second circular baffle 422, and the second circular baffle 422 is slidably connected to the corresponding sliding hole 411; Second spring 44, a second spring 44 is coaxially installed in each sliding hole 411, and the two ends of the second spring 44 elastically abut against the second circular baffles 422 on the left and right floating wheel assemblies respectively.

[0040] Multiple sets of floating wheel assemblies, under the tension of the second spring 44, ensure that the left and right squeeze rollers 43 consistently apply a continuous and balanced squeezing force to the trench walls. When a local protrusion is encountered on the sidewall, the corresponding squeeze roller 43 can be pushed back by compressing the spring 44 via the second guide rod 421, while the other rollers continue to maintain compaction; after the protrusion passes, the spring 44 pushes the roller back to its original position. This multi-point distributed, independently floating compaction method achieves full-height, full-contour compaction of the trench sidewalls, achieving a uniform and consistent compaction effect to a certain extent, regardless of whether the sidewalls are completely flat.

[0041] Referring to the accompanying drawings, the construction method of the present invention is as follows: S1: During construction, install this trenching device at the end of the excavator boom using a standard quick-connect coupling (or directly using a flange connection or bolt connection). Drive the excavator along the hard shoulder of the highway to the work point. Operate the excavator to extend the device from above the roadside corrugated guardrail and position it above the predetermined trenching line.

[0042] S2: Start the drive mechanism 1 to drive the disc crusher 2 to rotate at high speed. Operate the excavator to press down the boom, so that the disc crusher 2 cuts into the soil to the predetermined depth. At the same time, operate the excavator to perform micro-movement or pull back the stick, and the device will move forward along the line.

[0043] S3: The disc crusher 2 cuts the soil, and the centrifugal soil discharge blade 21 throws the crushed soil in a directional manner to both sides of the trench.

[0044] S4: The side scraper 31 of the pre-shaping plate assembly 3 that follows closely adheres to the side wall of the trench under the action of the first spring, and scrapes away the loose soil remaining after cutting.

[0045] S5: Finally, the multiple floating extrusion rollers 43 of the finishing wheel assembly 4 roll and extrude the scraped sidewall to form a smooth and dense final groove.

[0046] S6: After completing one section, the lifting device is used to move the equipment to the next work station (generally, manual digging is required at certain intervals to determine whether cables are buried underground, in order to avoid damage to optical cables and other cables buried by other departments).

[0047] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by up, down, left, right, front, back, axial, radial, etc., is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. It is only for the purpose of more clearly describing the technical solution of this invention, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0048] Although specific embodiments of the invention have been described in detail herein, they are given for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. Various substitutions, alterations, and modifications can be conceived without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A roadside soil trenching device, characterized in that, It includes the excavator body, the drive mechanism (1) installed at the front end of the excavator boom, the disc crusher wheel (2) directly connected to the output shaft of the drive mechanism (1), and the shaping and soil removal system installed on the stationary housing of the drive mechanism (1); The disc crusher (2) is symmetrically provided with centrifugal soil discharge blades (21) on both sides. When the disc crusher (2) rotates, the crushed soil is directionally thrown to the outside of the trench by centrifugal force. The shaping and soil removal system includes a pre-shaping plate assembly (3) and a finishing wheel assembly (4) arranged sequentially along the working direction, and both the pre-shaping plate assembly (3) and the finishing wheel assembly (4) are located behind the disc crusher (2); the pre-shaping plate assembly (3) is used to scrape off the loose soil on the sidewall of the trench; the finishing wheel assembly (4) is used to roll, squeeze and compact the sidewall of the trench. The upper half of the disc crusher (2) is provided with a protective cover (5); The protective cover (5) is provided with a mounting plate (51) at the bottom rear side. A fixed bracket (52) is installed at the lower end of the mounting plate (51). The pre-shaping plate assembly (3) and the finishing wheel assembly (4) are both installed on the fixed bracket (52). The pre-shaping plate assembly (3) includes two symmetrically distributed side scrapers (31). Both side scrapers (31) are slidably connected to the fixed bracket (52) along the groove width direction, and each side scraper (31) is elastically supported by the fixed bracket (52) so that the side scraper (31) tends to move towards the groove sidewall on the corresponding side. The main structure of the side scraper (31) is configured as an L-shaped plate structure, and the plate structure is defined as being formed by connecting a first side plate (311) and a second side plate (312) that are perpendicular to each other; the side scraper (31) is arranged longitudinally as a whole, the first side plate (311) is parallel to the end face of the disc crusher (2) and is slidably connected to the fixed bracket (52), and the end of the second side plate (312) is folded back and forms an arc segment (313) at the inflection point, which is the part for scraping the soil on the side wall of the trench.

2. The roadside soil trenching device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second side plate (312) has a guide plate (314) at one end near the disc crusher (2) that is parallel to the end face of the disc crusher (2).

3. The roadside soil trenching device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first side plate (311) is provided with at least two first guide holes (3111), and the fixed bracket (52) is provided with a first guide rod (521) corresponding to the first guide hole (3111) one by one, and the end of the first guide rod (521) is provided with a first circular baffle (522); each first guide rod (521) is fitted with a first spring (523), and the two ends of the first spring (523) elastically abut against the first side plate (311) and the fixed bracket (52) respectively.

4. A roadside soil trenching device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The working surface of the side scraper (31) is coated with a Teflon non-stick coating with a thickness of 30-50μm and a surface roughness Ra≤1.6μm.

5. A roadside soil trenching device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The finishing wheel assembly (4) includes: The mounting block (41) is fixedly connected to the rear end of the fixed bracket (52), and a number of sliding holes (411) are longitudinally arranged on the mounting block (41), and the axial direction of the sliding holes (411) is the same as the axial direction of the disc crusher (2), and side baffles (412) are installed on both the left and right sides of the mounting block (41). The floating wheel assembly has at least two sets of longitudinally arranged floating wheel assemblies on both the left and right sides of the mounting block (41), and the floating wheel assemblies on the left and right sides of the mounting block (41) are arranged opposite to each other; each set of floating wheel assemblies includes a roller bracket (42) and a squeezing roller (43) rotatably mounted on the roller bracket (42); the roller bracket (42) is provided with at least two second guide rods (421), and at least two second guide rods (421) slide through the side baffle (412) on the corresponding side and are respectively inserted into different sliding holes (411); the end of each second guide rod (421) is provided with a second circular baffle (422), and the second circular baffle (422) is slidably connected to the corresponding sliding hole (411); The second spring (44) is coaxially installed in each sliding hole (411), and the two ends of the second spring (44) elastically abut against the second circular baffle (422) on the left and right floating wheel assemblies respectively.

6. A construction method for a roadside soil trenching device, applied to the roadside soil trenching device described in claim 3, characterized in that, The construction method includes the following steps: S1: During construction, install this trenching device at the end of the excavator boom using a standard quick-connect coupling; drive the excavator along the hard shoulder of the highway to the work point; operate the excavator to extend the device from above the roadside corrugated guardrail and position it above the predetermined trenching line; S2: Start the drive mechanism (1) to drive the disc crusher (2) to rotate at high speed; operate the excavator to press down the boom so that the disc crusher (2) cuts into the soil to the predetermined depth, and at the same time operate the excavator to move slightly or pull back the stick so that the device can move forward along the line. S3: The disc crusher (2) cuts the soil, and the centrifugal soil discharge blade (21) throws the crushed soil in a directional manner to both sides of the trench; S4: The side scraper (31) of the pre-shaping plate assembly (3) that follows closely adheres to the side wall of the trench under the action of the first spring, and scrapes away the loose soil remaining after cutting. S5: Finally, the multiple floating extrusion rollers (43) of the finishing wheel assembly (4) roll and extrude the scraped sidewall to form a smooth and dense final groove; S6: After completing one section, the lifting device is used to transfer to the next station.

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