Pvt photovoltaic photothermal assembly

Abstract

The present application relates to photovoltaic photo-thermal integrated technical field, disclose a kind of PVT photovoltaic photo-thermal component, including photovoltaic photo-thermal component main body, liquid storage tank and centrifugal pump, the lower surface of photovoltaic photo-thermal component main body heating part is provided with heat exchange mechanism, photovoltaic photo-thermal component main body, liquid storage tank, centrifugal pump and heat exchange mechanism are communicated with conveying pipeline, heat exchange mechanism includes heat exchange pipe and branch pipe, the cooperation of heat exchange pipe and branch pipe in heat exchange mechanism is set, in use, the opening and closing state of branch pipe can be switched the flow passage of heat transfer medium, and movable tube moves along the partition block and enters heat exchange pipe, to this another flow passage is built, to switch the flow passage length of heat transfer medium, without changing heat exchange area, heat transfer medium heat absorption amount can be adjusted, adapt to the heat exchange demand of photovoltaic photo-thermal component main body under different heating state.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic-thermal integration technology, specifically relating to a PVT photovoltaic-thermal module. Background Technology

[0002] PVT modules are solar energy devices that combine photovoltaic (PV) power generation and solar thermal utilization. PVT modules, or integrated photovoltaic-thermal modules, are a new type of solar energy utilization device that highly integrates PV power generation and solar thermal utilization functions. Their core principle is that the integrated photovoltaic layer and solar thermal layer work together to achieve tiered and efficient utilization of solar energy. While generating PV power, they simultaneously collect solar thermal energy, ultimately achieving the dual function of "power generation + heat generation." The photovoltaic layer, as the core of photoelectric conversion, consists of key components such as photovoltaic cells, grid lines, and busbars. It can absorb effective wavelengths of solar radiation, including visible and near-infrared light, and directly convert solar energy into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect for output. The solar thermal layer is tightly attached to the back of the photovoltaic layer. With a high thermal conductivity heat-collecting substrate and heat exchange channels as its core structure, this structure can efficiently absorb a large amount of waste heat generated by photovoltaic cells during photoelectric conversion. Due to the limited photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells, only 20% to 30% of solar energy is converted into electrical energy, while the remaining 70% to 80% of solar energy is released as heat. If this heat is not channeled in time, it will lead to an increase in cell temperature and a decrease in power generation efficiency. On the other hand, it can also collect solar radiation energy that is not utilized by the photovoltaic layer (such as far-infrared light outside the response range of photovoltaic cells) and transfer the collected heat through heat transfer media such as heated water, ethylene glycol aqueous solution or air, thereby realizing the photothermal utilization of solar energy and fully recovering the solar energy that was originally wasted, which greatly improves the comprehensive utilization efficiency of solar energy.

[0003] In existing PVT modules, during the heating process, the heat transfer medium carries away the waste heat from the battery through flow. During this flow, it continuously absorbs heat, causing the temperature of the heat transfer medium to gradually rise. This can lead to excessively high temperatures at the end of the flow channel, preventing significant heat absorption in that area. As the photovoltaic thermal module continues to operate under these conditions, the unabsorbed heat can cause a rapid rise in battery temperature, thus affecting the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation. Larger photovoltaic thermal modules, with their larger photovoltaic panels and correspondingly larger photovoltaic cells, exhibit this excessively high temperature problem at the end of the flow channel even more pronounced. If multiple heat exchange mechanisms are configured to absorb heat, the electrical energy consumed by these mechanisms will significantly exceed the power generation of the photovoltaic module, resulting in losses exceeding production capacity. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a PVT photovoltaic thermal module, which solves the technical problems in related technologies, such as insufficient heat absorption due to excessively high temperature of the heat transfer medium at the end of the PVT module flow channel, which affects the photovoltaic power generation efficiency, and the fact that large modules with multiple heat exchange mechanisms suffer losses greater than production capacity.

[0005] This invention provides a PVT photovoltaic thermal module, including a photovoltaic thermal module body, a liquid storage tank, and a centrifugal pump. A heat exchange mechanism is provided on the lower surface of the heating part of the photovoltaic thermal module body. A conveying pipe connects the photovoltaic thermal module body, the liquid storage tank, the centrifugal pump, and the heat exchange mechanism. The heat exchange mechanism includes a heat exchange tube and a secondary tube. The heat exchange tube has a multi-section U-shaped structure. The secondary tube is used to connect the two ends of the heat exchange tube. When absorbing heat, a partition block is provided in the middle section of the secondary tube. A movable tube is slidably connected between the partition block and the bend of the heat exchange tube. The partition block is used to control the connection state of the secondary tube and the flow channel length of the heat exchange tube. When the secondary tube is in the isolated state, the heat transfer medium flows from one end of the heat exchange tube to the other end. When the secondary tube is in the unobstructed state, the heat transfer medium enters from both ends of the heat exchange tube through the secondary tube and then flows out from the partition block.

[0006] Preferably, a first branch pipe is connected between one end of the heat exchange tube and the outlet pipe of the liquid storage tank, and a second branch pipe is connected between the other end of the heat exchange tube and the delivery pipe. The heat transfer medium enters one end of the heat exchange tube from the first branch pipe and is drawn away by a centrifugal pump through the delivery pipe from the second branch pipe at the other end of the heat exchange tube.

[0007] Preferably, the partition block has a guide channel inside, which is arranged along the axial direction of the partition block and passes through the partition block. The guide channel is connected to a branch pipe of the second diversion pipe.

[0008] Preferably, the interior of the sidewall of the separator block has a cavity, which is an annular structure and is connected to a branch of the secondary pipe and the first diversion pipe. The connection between the branch of the first diversion pipe and the cavity is higher than the connection between the secondary pipe and the cavity.

[0009] Preferably, an insulation board is provided on the inner side of the main support of the photovoltaic thermal module, and a connecting pipe is provided at the bend of the heat exchange tube. The connecting pipe, the secondary pipe and the partition block are all located inside the insulation board, and the movable pipe is inserted into the inside of the connecting pipe.

[0010] Preferably, a movable rod is rotatably provided inside the first diversion pipe, and a servo motor is fixedly connected to one end of the movable rod. The body of the servo motor is fixedly installed on the outside of the main support of the photovoltaic thermal module. A bending channel is opened inside the movable rod, and a solenoid valve is fixedly installed at the connection between the second diversion pipe and the heat exchange pipe.

[0011] Preferably, a partition frame is fixedly connected to one end of the partition block, and an electric cylinder is fixedly installed at the end of the partition frame. The piston rod of the electric cylinder is fixedly connected to the movable tube.

[0012] Preferably, the end of the movable tube inserted into the connecting tube is set to a closed state, the movable tube has symmetrical water inlet holes on its wall, the connecting tube has a positioning groove on its inner wall, and the thickness of the outer wall of the connecting tube is equal to the diameter of the water inlet hole.

[0013] Preferably, the movable tube is provided with a partition plate inside, which divides the internal space of the movable tube into two equal areas, each area corresponding to a water inlet.

[0014] Preferably, a transmission rod is fixedly connected to the end of the partition plate, one end of the transmission rod is fixedly connected to the piston rod of the electric cylinder, the transmission rod passes through the branch pipe of the second diversion pipe, and a sealing component is provided at the junction of the second diversion pipe and the transmission rod.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0016] This invention utilizes the coordinated arrangement of heat exchange tubes and secondary tubes in a heat exchange mechanism. During operation, adjusting the opening and closing state of the secondary tube allows for switching the flow path of the heat transfer medium. Furthermore, the movable tube moves along the partition block into the heat exchange tube, thus creating another flow path. This achieves the purpose of switching the flow path length of the heat transfer medium. The heat absorption of the heat transfer medium can be adjusted without changing the heat exchange area, adapting to the heat exchange requirements of the photovoltaic thermal module body under different heating states. No additional heat exchange tubes, circulating pumps, or other heat exchange components are required, avoiding increased costs and energy consumption associated with extra components. This prevents excessive energy consumption of the power components during heat exchange mechanism operation, exceeding the module's power generation capacity. Simultaneously, throughout the entire flow path switching process, the contact area between the heat exchange tube and the heating part of the photovoltaic thermal module body remains unchanged, ensuring that the basic heat exchange efficiency is not affected.

[0017] This invention, by setting water inlet holes and partition plates inside the movable tube, ensures the normal flow of the heat transfer medium while preventing backflow, guaranteeing the normal circulation of the heat transfer medium after channel switching. Furthermore, in conjunction with the connecting pipe, it prevents leakage of the heat transfer medium. The water inlet holes on the movable tube provide an inflow channel for the heat transfer medium, and their structure, combined with the connecting pipe, controls the flow channel opening and closing. The internal partition plates orderly divert the heat transfer medium entering the movable tube, ensuring that the heat transfer medium flowing in from both ends of the heat exchange tube has an independent flow path. This avoids the convergence and collision of the two media inside the movable tube, preventing turbulence and effectively preventing backflow of the heat transfer medium. This ensures the unidirectional and smooth flow of the medium after channel switching, guaranteeing stable circulating heat exchange. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of one side of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the other side of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a top view of the insulation board and heat exchange tube of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the secondary pipe and the separator block of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the first branch pipe, the second branch pipe, the connecting pipe, and the auxiliary pipe of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the movable tube and the connecting tube of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the separator block of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 8 This is the present invention. Figure 6 Enlarged structural diagram of part A.

[0027] In the diagram: 1. Main body of photovoltaic thermal module; 2. Conveying pipe; 3. Liquid storage tank; 4. Centrifugal pump; 5. Heat exchange mechanism; 51. Insulation board; 52. First diversion pipe; 53. Second diversion pipe; 54. Electric cylinder; 55. Heat exchange pipe; 56. Servo motor; 57. Separating frame; 58. Connecting pipe; 59. Secondary pipe; 510. Separating block; 511. Solenoid valve; 512. Movable pipe; 513. Water inlet; 514. Separating plate; 515. Transmission rod; 516. Cavity; 517. Guide channel; 518. Positioning groove; 519. Movable rod; 520. Bending channel. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the following specific embodiments are only used to further illustrate the present application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. Those skilled in the art can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present application based on the above application content.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 7As shown, a PVT photovoltaic thermal module includes a photovoltaic thermal module body 1, a liquid storage tank 3, and a centrifugal pump 4. A heat exchange mechanism 5 is provided on the lower surface of the heating part of the photovoltaic thermal module body 1. A conveying pipe 2 connects the photovoltaic thermal module body 1, the liquid storage tank 3, the centrifugal pump 4, and the heat exchange mechanism 5.

[0031] The heat exchange mechanism 5 includes a heat exchange tube 55 and a secondary tube 59. The heat exchange tube 55 has a multi-section U-shaped structure. The secondary tube 59 is used to connect the two ends of the heat exchange tube 55. When absorbing heat, a partition block 510 is provided in the middle section of the secondary tube 59. A movable tube 512 is slidably connected between the partition block 510 and the bend of the heat exchange tube 55. The partition block 510 is used to control the connection state of the secondary tube 59 and the flow channel length of the heat exchange tube 55. When the secondary tube 59 is in the isolated state, the heat transfer medium flows from one end of the heat exchange tube 55 to the other end. When the secondary tube 59 is in the unobstructed state, the heat transfer medium enters from both ends of the heat exchange tube 55 through the secondary tube 59 and then flows out from the partition block 510.

[0032] It should be noted that the main body 1 of the photovoltaic-thermal module is used for solar energy reception, photoelectric conversion, and heat generation. It integrates a photovoltaic power generation unit, a solar thermal collector unit, an encapsulation and protection unit, and a support unit. The photovoltaic power generation unit converts solar energy into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect. At the same time, due to the limited photoelectric conversion efficiency, it releases a large amount of waste heat, which becomes the main heat source. The solar thermal collector unit is closely attached to the back of the photovoltaic power generation unit, which quickly collects the waste heat of the battery and the unused solar radiation energy, and transfers the heat to the heat exchange mechanism 5 attached to its lower surface. The encapsulation and protection unit ensures the penetration of solar radiation while isolating outdoor environmental interference and improving the weather resistance of the module. The support unit provides mechanical support for the overall structure. The main body 1 of the photovoltaic-thermal module is existing technology, and its components and operating principles are all publicly available technologies, which will not be explained in detail here.

[0033] It should also be noted that the multi-section U-shaped structure of the heat exchange tube 55 maximizes its contact area with the main heating element of the photovoltaic thermal module, improving the basic heat exchange efficiency. The secondary tube 59 serves as an auxiliary flow channel for the heat exchange tube 55, forming the flow channel control core together with the partition block 510 and the movable tube 512. The partition block 510, through its sliding engagement with the movable tube 512, can precisely control the on / off state of the secondary tube 59 and adjust the effective flow channel length of the heat exchange tube 55 by changing the insertion position of the movable tube 512, thereby achieving the switching between two different flow modes to meet different heat exchange requirements. The heat exchange tube 55 and the secondary tube 59 in the heat exchange mechanism 5 form two channels for supplying heat transfer media. In the flow channel, when the heat on the main body 1 of the photovoltaic thermal module does not affect the normal operation of the battery, the movable tube 512 remains inside the separator block 510. At this time, the secondary tube 59 remains closed, and the heat transfer medium only flows within the heat exchange tube 55. The heat transfer medium flows from one end of the heat exchange tube 55 to the other end, absorbing the heat in the main body 1 of the photovoltaic thermal module. When the heat transfer medium flows to the outlet of the heat exchange tube 55, its temperature will rise because it has absorbed a lot of heat. At this time, the heat absorption efficiency near the outlet of the heat exchange tube 55 will decrease, and the battery temperature will slowly rise. When the high temperature affects the power generation efficiency, the movable tube 512 moves along the separator block 510. The partition block 510 is fully inserted into the heat exchange tube 55, connecting it to the heat exchange tube 55. Simultaneously, the opening and closing state of the heat exchange tube 55 is adjusted, allowing the heat transfer medium to enter the secondary tube 59. Guided by the secondary tube 59, the heat transfer medium enters from both ends of the heat exchange tube 55 and finally flows out from the partition block 510. Because the partition block 510 is located in the middle section of the secondary tube 59, the length of the heat transfer medium's flow path is reduced by half, thereby reducing the heat absorbed and lowering the temperature of the heat transfer medium at the outlet. This ensures that heat near the outlet is effectively absorbed, and the overall heat exchange area remains unchanged. The channel switching is entirely based on photovoltaic... The actual heating situation of the main body 1 of the solar thermal module is monitored. When the heat generation of the battery is small, a single heat exchange tube 55 can meet the heat exchange requirements and achieve full absorption of waste heat. When the heat generation of the battery increases and the temperature rise of the heat transfer medium at the end of the heat exchange tube 55 is too high, resulting in a decrease in heat exchange efficiency, the module is switched to another flow channel mode in time, allowing the heat transfer medium to flow in from both ends of the heat exchange tube 55 at the same time. This significantly shortens the flow path, reduces the heat absorption of the medium in the flow channel, and effectively reduces the temperature of the medium at the outlet, restoring the heat exchange efficiency at the end of the flow channel and avoiding local high temperature of the battery. During the entire switching process, the contact area between the heat exchange tube 55 and the heat-generating part remains unchanged, ensuring that the overall heat exchange capacity of the module is not affected.

[0034] One end of the heat exchange tube 55 is connected to the outlet pipe of the liquid storage tank 3 via a first branch pipe 52, and the other end of the heat exchange tube 55 is connected to the delivery pipe 2 via a second branch pipe 53. The heat transfer medium enters one end of the heat exchange tube 55 from the first branch pipe 52, and is drawn away by the centrifugal pump 4 through the delivery pipe 2 from the second branch pipe 53 at the other end of the heat exchange tube 55.

[0035] It should be noted that the first branch pipe 52 is located at the inlet of the heat exchange tube 55, and the second branch pipe 53 is located at the outlet of the heat exchange tube 55. The heat transfer medium enters the heat exchange tube 55 from one branch of the first branch pipe 52 and finally flows out from one branch of the second branch pipe 53 and enters the delivery pipe 2. The centrifugal pump 4 delivers the heat transfer medium that has absorbed heat into the storage tank 3 for heating the target substance. Subsequently, this heat transfer medium re-enters the first branch pipe 52, continuously flowing to complete the cyclic heat exchange. When switching the flow path, the branch pipes used by the second branch pipe 53 and the first branch pipe 52 at this time are first closed, and then the heat transfer medium is guided to another branch of the first branch pipe 52. Another branch pipe of the diversion pipe 52 enters the partition block 510. After being diverted by the partition block 510, the heat transfer medium enters the secondary pipe 59 and then enters from both ends of the heat exchange pipe 55 simultaneously, thereby completing the switching of the flow channel. By shortening the flow path of the heat transfer medium, the heat absorption of the medium in a single flow channel is reduced, solving the problem of excessively high temperature of the heat transfer medium at the end of the flow channel, ensuring the heat absorption efficiency of the entire flow channel, avoiding the reduction of power generation efficiency caused by local high temperature of the component, realizing dynamic matching between heat exchange efficiency and component heating state, and eliminating the need to configure multiple independent heat exchange mechanisms 5, avoiding the problem of excessive energy consumption of power components (centrifugal pump, motor, etc.) when multiple heat exchange mechanisms 5 are running, exceeding the power generation of the component.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] like Figure 5 and Figure 7 As shown, a guide channel 517 is provided inside the partition block 510. The guide channel 517 is arranged along the axial direction of the partition block 510 and passes through the partition block 510. The guide channel 517 is connected to a branch pipe of the second diversion pipe 53. A cavity 516 is provided inside the side wall of the partition block 510. The cavity 516 has an annular structure and is connected to the secondary pipe 59 and a branch pipe of the first diversion pipe 52. The connection between the branch pipe of the first diversion pipe 52 and the cavity 516 is higher than the connection between the secondary pipe 59 and the cavity 516.

[0038] It should be noted that the partition block 510 serves as a heat transfer medium distribution structure. Its internal guiding channel 517 is used for the heat transfer medium to flow out, and the cavity 516, located in the inner wall of the partition block 510, is used to distribute the heat transfer medium to the secondary pipe 59. The partition block 510 is very short, and there will be no significant heat exchange between the heat transfer medium in the guiding channel 517 and the heat transfer medium in the cavity 516. When the low-temperature heat transfer medium is distributed through the cavity 516, it will not be preheated by the heat transfer medium that has already absorbed heat in the guiding channel 517. This ensures the heat absorption capacity of the low-temperature medium after it enters the secondary pipe 59 and the heat exchange tube 55. Simultaneously, the heat transfer medium that has absorbed heat in the guiding channel 517 will not lose heat. This leads to a decrease in heat utilization efficiency, effectively reducing energy loss during the heat exchange process. When the flow channel is not changed, both the cavity 516 and the secondary pipe 59 are in a closed state, and the heat transfer medium cannot enter the cavity 516. At the same time, the heat transfer medium will not enter the cavity 516 in reverse through the secondary pipe 59. After the flow channel is changed, the cavity 516 becomes the connecting channel between the first diversion pipe 52 and the secondary pipe 59. The heat transfer medium enters the cavity 516 through the first diversion pipe 52, and the heat transfer medium is evenly distributed to the secondary pipe 59, realizing the orderly diversion of the heat transfer medium. Then the heat transfer medium enters the secondary pipe 59 and flows into the heat exchange tube 55, and finally flows out from the guide channel 517, realizing the convergence of the heat transfer medium.

[0039] Example 3

[0040] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 8 As shown, an insulation plate 51 is provided on the inner side of the photovoltaic thermal module body 1 support. A connecting pipe 58 is provided on the bent part of the heat exchange tube 55. The connecting pipe 58, the secondary pipe 59 and the partition block 510 are all located inside the insulation plate 51. The movable pipe 512 is inserted into the inside of the connecting pipe 58. A movable rod 519 is rotatably provided inside the first diversion pipe 52. A servo motor 56 is fixedly connected to one end of the movable rod 519. The body of the servo motor 56 is fixedly installed on the outside of the photovoltaic thermal module body 1 support. A bending channel 520 is opened inside the movable rod 519. A solenoid valve 511 is fixedly installed at the connection between the second diversion pipe 53 and the heat exchange tube 55.

[0041] It should be noted that the insulation board 51 is used to insulate areas that are not generating heat. It is made of rigid polyurethane foam board or extruded polystyrene foam board, which can effectively block the heat exchange mechanism 5 from exchanging heat with the outside world, prevent the heat transfer medium from losing heat in non-generating areas, and ensure heat exchange efficiency. The connecting pipe 58 of the bent part of the heat exchange tube 55 is used to connect with the movable tube 512 set in the partition block 510, ensuring the stability of the movable tube 512 during insertion and withdrawal, and achieving the purpose of improving the reliability of flow channel switching. The movable rod 519 in the first diversion tube 52 is used to switch the flow channel of the heat transfer medium. The servo motor 56 drives the movable rod 519 to rotate half a turn, so that the bent channel 520 is connected to different branches of the first diversion tube 52, completing the flow channel switching. One branch of the first diversion tube 52 is directly connected to the heat exchange tube 55, and the other branch is connected to the cavity 516. There are two solenoid valves 511, one located inside the second diversion tube 53 and the other located in the second diversion tube 53. At the connection point with heat exchange tube 55, two solenoid valves 511 are used to control the opening and closing states of the two branches of the second branch pipe 53. During the flow of the heat transfer medium from one end of heat exchange tube 55 to the other, the solenoid valves 511 inside the second branch pipe 53 are closed. At this time, the heat transfer medium can only flow within the branch pipes of the second branch pipe 53 and heat exchange tube 55, and will not enter the other branch pipe of the second branch pipe 53. Before switching flow paths, the connection between the second branch pipe 53 and heat exchange tube 55 needs to be activated first. The solenoid valve 511 of the main part closes the outlet of the heat exchange tube 55, preventing the heat transfer medium from flowing directly into a branch of the second diversion tube 53 from the outlet of the heat exchange tube 55. Then, the solenoid valve 511 inside the second diversion tube 53 is opened, allowing the second diversion tube 53 to connect with the guide channel 517. Subsequently, the heat transfer medium enters from both ends of the heat exchange tube 55 simultaneously and converges in the guide channel 517 of the partition block 510, finally flowing out from the branch of the second diversion tube 53 connected to the guide channel 517.

[0042] Example 4

[0043] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, a partition frame 57 is fixedly connected to one end of the partition block 510, and an electric cylinder 54 is fixedly installed at the end of the partition frame 57. The piston rod of the electric cylinder 54 is fixedly connected to the movable tube 512. The end of the movable tube 512 inserted into the connecting tube 58 is set to a closed state. Water inlet holes 513 are symmetrically opened on the tube wall of the movable tube 512. A positioning groove 518 is opened on the inner wall of the connecting tube 58. The thickness of the outer wall of the connecting tube 58 is equal to the diameter of the water inlet hole 513. A partition plate 514 is provided inside the movable tube 512. The partition plate 514 divides the internal space of the movable tube 512 into two equal areas. Each area corresponds to a water inlet hole 513. A transmission rod 515 is fixedly connected to the end of the partition plate 514. One end of the transmission rod 515 is fixedly connected to the piston rod of the electric cylinder 54. The transmission rod 515 passes through the branch pipe of the second diversion pipe 53, and a sealing component is provided at the junction of the second diversion pipe 53 and the transmission rod 515.

[0044] It should be noted that the partition frame 57 is used to determine the position of the electric cylinder 54. The electric cylinder 54 adjusts the position of the movable tube 512 through the transmission rod 515. The partition frame 57 is coaxially set with the electric cylinder 54 and the partition block 510 to ensure the coaxiality of the movement of the movable tube 512 and avoid jamming or displacement. Before switching the flow channel, the main part of the movable tube 512 is located inside the partition block 510. At this time, one end of the movable tube 512 in a closed state is stopped in the side wall of the connecting tube 58. At this time, the heat transfer medium in the connecting tube 58 cannot enter the movable tube 512, and the second diversion tube 53 is disconnected from the connecting tube 58. The heat transfer medium enters from one end of the heat exchange tube 55 and passes normally through the connecting tube. 58, and flows out from the other end of heat exchange tube 55. During the switching process, electric cylinder 54 pushes movable tube 512 through transmission rod 515. The water inlet hole 513 on the wall of movable tube 512 will enter the inside of connecting tube 58. During this process, since the thickness of the outer wall of connecting tube 58 is equal to the diameter of water inlet hole 513, the wall of connecting tube 58 will completely block water inlet hole 513 during the movement of movable tube 512. This prevents the heat transfer medium from leaking out from water inlet hole 513 during the movement of movable tube 512, improving the sealing of the switching process. Therefore, there will be no leakage of heat transfer medium. In addition, a guide channel 5 is provided in the partition block 510. 17. Sufficient space is provided for the movement of the transmission rod 515 and the movable tube 512. The movement path and angle of the transmission rod 515 are restricted by the branch pipe of the second diversion pipe 53, preventing misalignment or tilting. After switching the flow channel, the end of the movable tube 512 with the water inlet 513 fully enters the connecting pipe 58, and the closed end of the movable tube 512 is spliced ​​with the positioning groove 518, ensuring the structural stability of the movable tube 512 and preventing it from shaking due to the impact of the heat transfer medium. At this time, the heat transfer medium in the connecting pipe 58 passes through the water inlet 513 and enters the interior of the movable tube 512. Since the internal space of the movable tube 512 is equally divided by the partition plate 514, the heat transfer medium... The heat transfer medium will flow along the movable pipe 512 into the guide channel 517 of the partition block 510, and finally flow into another branch pipe of the second branch pipe 53, thus completing the flow channel switching. After the flow channel switching, the movement path of the heat transfer medium is half of the original. In actual use, more partition blocks 510 can be installed according to actual needs to further shorten the flow range of the heat transfer medium. The partition plate 514 divides the internal space of the movable pipe 512 equally and is perpendicular to the flow channel in the connecting pipe 58. By allowing the two heat transfer media to flow in their respective flow channels, the convergence and collision of the two media inside the movable pipe 512 to form turbulence is avoided, effectively preventing the backflow of the heat transfer medium.

[0045] Working principle of the invention:

[0046] When the main body 1 of the photovoltaic thermal module is working, its photovoltaic layer absorbs solar radiation and completes photoelectric conversion through the photovoltaic effect. Due to the limited photoelectric conversion efficiency, most of the solar energy is released in the form of heat energy. The photovoltaic cells continuously generate waste heat, which is collected by the photothermal heat collection substrate attached to the back of the photovoltaic layer and transferred to the heat exchange mechanism 5 on the lower surface. The heating part of the main body 1 of the photovoltaic thermal module continuously releases heat to the heat exchange mechanism 5. The heat absorption and output need to be achieved by the circulation of the heat transfer medium.

[0047] The heat transfer medium enters one end of the heat exchange tube 55 from a branch pipe of the first branch pipe 52. It is then pumped away by the centrifugal pump 4 through the delivery pipe 2 from a branch pipe of the second branch pipe 53 at the other end of the heat exchange tube 55, sent to the storage tank 3, and then enters the first branch pipe 52 to complete the cycle.

[0048] During this process, the main part of the movable tube 512 is located inside the partition block 510, the closed end stays in the side wall of the connecting tube 58, the secondary tube 59 remains in a closed state, at this time the first diversion tube 52 is directly connected to the heat exchange tube 55 through the bent channel 520 in the movable rod 519, the solenoid valve 511 is in the open state, and the heat transfer medium only flows in the heat exchange tube 55.

[0049] When the heat generation of the photovoltaic thermal module 1 increases and the temperature of the medium at the outlet of the heat exchange tube 55 rises too high, the flow channel is switched. The solenoid valve 511 is activated to first close the outlet of the heat exchange tube 55. Then, the servo motor 56 drives the movable rod 519 to rotate half a turn, so that the bent channel 520 is connected to the other branch of the first diversion pipe 52. The electric cylinder 54 pushes the movable pipe 512 to move through the transmission rod 515, so that the end of the movable pipe 512 with the water inlet hole 513 is completely inserted into the connecting pipe 58 and spliced ​​with the positioning groove 518, thereby realizing the opening of the secondary pipe 59 and the division of the flow channel.

[0050] At this time, the secondary pipe 59 is unobstructed. The heat transfer medium enters the cavity 516 of the partition block 510 through another branch pipe of the first diversion pipe 52, then enters the secondary pipe 59 and enters from both ends of the heat exchange pipe 55. The heat transfer medium finally flows out at the connecting pipe 58 where the movable pipe 512 is provided.

[0051] The heat transfer medium in the heat exchange tube 55 enters the movable tube 512 through the water inlet 513 at the connecting tube 58, flows into the guide channel 517 of the partition block 510 through the area divided by the partition plate 514, and finally flows into the branch pipe corresponding to the second branch pipe 53, completing the circulation after the flow channel switching. In this state, the medium flow path is shortened and the heat absorption is reduced, which effectively solves the problem of excessively high outlet medium temperature and ensures the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic thermal module.

[0052] The embodiments described above are merely examples of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0053] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A PVT photovoltaic thermal module, comprising a photovoltaic thermal module body (1), a liquid storage tank (3), and a centrifugal pump (4), characterized in that, A heat exchange mechanism (5) is provided on the lower surface of the heating part of the photovoltaic thermal module body (1), and a conveying pipe (2) is connected between the photovoltaic thermal module body (1), the liquid storage tank (3), the centrifugal pump (4) and the heat exchange mechanism (5). The heat exchange mechanism (5) includes a heat exchange tube (55) and a secondary tube (59). The heat exchange tube (55) is a multi-section U-shaped structure. The secondary tube (59) is used to connect the two ends of the heat exchange tube (55). A partition block (510) is provided in the middle section of the secondary tube (59). A movable tube (512) is slidably connected between the partition block (510) and the bent part of the heat exchange tube (55). The partition block (510) is used to control the flow channel length of the heat exchange tube (55). When the secondary tube (59) is in the isolated state, the heat transfer medium flows from one end of the heat exchange tube (55) to the other end. When the secondary tube (59) is in the unobstructed state, the heat transfer medium enters from both ends of the heat exchange tube (55) through the secondary tube (59) and then flows out from the partition block (510). One end of the heat exchange tube (55) is connected to the outlet pipe of the liquid storage tank (3) via a first branch pipe (52), and the other end of the heat exchange tube (55) is connected to the conveying pipe (2) via a second branch pipe (53). The heat transfer medium enters one end of the heat exchange tube (55) from the first branch pipe (52), and is drawn away by the centrifugal pump (4) through the conveying pipe (2) from the second branch pipe (53) at the other end of the heat exchange tube (55). The partition block (510) has a guide channel (517) inside. The guide channel (517) is arranged along the axial direction of the partition block (510) and passes through the partition block (510). The guide channel (517) is connected to a branch pipe of the second diversion pipe (53). The first diversion pipe (52) has a movable rod (519) inside, and a servo motor (56) is fixedly connected to one end of the movable rod (519). The body of the servo motor (56) is fixedly installed on the outside of the bracket of the photovoltaic thermal module body (1). A bent channel (520) is opened inside the movable rod (519). A solenoid valve (511) is fixedly installed at the connection between the second diversion pipe (53) and the heat exchange pipe (55).

2. The PVT photovoltaic thermal module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The partition block (510) has a cavity (516) inside its side wall. The cavity (516) is annular and is connected to a branch of the secondary pipe (59) and the first diversion pipe (52). The connection between the branch of the first diversion pipe (52) and the cavity (516) is higher than the connection between the secondary pipe (59) and the cavity (516).

3. A PVT photovoltaic thermal module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner side of the bracket of the photovoltaic thermal module body (1) is provided with a heat insulation board (51), and the bending part of the heat exchange tube (55) is provided with a connecting pipe (58). The connecting pipe (58), the secondary pipe (59) and the partition block (510) are all located inside the heat insulation board (51), and the movable pipe (512) is inserted into the inside of the connecting pipe (58).

4. A PVT photovoltaic thermal module according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the partition block (510) is fixedly connected to a partition frame (57), and an electric cylinder (54) is fixedly installed at the end of the partition frame (57). The piston rod of the electric cylinder (54) is fixedly connected to the movable tube (512).

5. A PVT photovoltaic thermal module according to claim 3, characterized in that, The end of the movable tube (512) inserted into the connecting tube (58) is set to a closed state. The wall of the movable tube (512) is symmetrically provided with water inlet holes (513). The inner wall of the connecting tube (58) is provided with positioning grooves (518). The thickness of the outer wall of the connecting tube (58) is equal to the diameter of the water inlet hole (513).

6. A PVT photovoltaic thermal module according to claim 5, characterized in that, The movable tube (512) is provided with a partition plate (514) inside. The partition plate (514) divides the internal space of the movable tube (512) into two equal areas, and each area corresponds to a water inlet hole (513).

7. A PVT photovoltaic thermal module according to claim 6, characterized in that, The end of the partition plate (514) is fixedly connected to a transmission rod (515). One end of the transmission rod (515) is fixedly connected to the piston rod of the electric cylinder (54). The transmission rod (515) passes through the branch pipe of the second diversion pipe (53), and a sealing assembly is provided at the junction of the second diversion pipe (53) and the transmission rod (515).

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