An experimental device for continuous launching of projectiles into water through ice at the same point and a method for operating the same
By designing an experimental device for continuous projectile launches to penetrate ice and water at a common point, using hydraulic rods and linear motors to achieve angle and position control, infrared sensors and control systems to achieve precise control of launch timing, and floating ice constraints to create a stable environment, the device solves the problems of multi-projectile position control and environmental stability in existing technologies, and achieves efficient experimental results.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- ZHONGBEI UNIV
- Filing Date
- 2026-05-22
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-21
AI Technical Summary
In the existing technology, during the process of projectiles entering water, existing devices cannot achieve the common point ice penetration and water entry experiment of multiple projectiles under a single launch system. In particular, existing devices have difficulty in accurately controlling the position and launch timing of multiple launch units, and the ice environment is difficult to construct. Existing technologies cannot achieve the stability of multiple projectiles in experiments, and existing devices cannot achieve the compatibility of parallel layout and series timing under a single experimental device.
Design an experimental device for continuous projectile launch to penetrate ice and water at a common point, including an adjustment device, a launching device, an infrared sensor, a water tank device, and a support device. The angle adjustment and position control of the launching unit are realized by hydraulic rods and linear motors, and the launch timing is precisely controlled by infrared sensors and a control system. A stable ice environment is constructed by combining floating ice restraints.
This method enables multiple projectiles to penetrate ice and enter water at the same point of incidence with high precision, improving the stability and repeatability of the experiment, meeting the requirements of large-angle water entry experiments, constructing a stable and controllable ice environment, and improving the applicability and efficiency of the experimental device.
Smart Images
Figure CN122281668B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of hydrodynamic experimental technology, specifically relating to an experimental apparatus and its operation method for continuous projectile firing to penetrate ice and water at a common point. Background Technology
[0002] The process of a projectile entering water involves complex gas-liquid two-phase flow and cavitation evolution. Under conditions of ice or ice fragmentation, the ice-water mixture significantly affects the projectile's entry attitude, velocity decay, and cavitation evolution. Under continuous firing conditions, the distribution of ice fragments and the cavitation structure formed by the first projectile can further interfere with the water entry stability of subsequent projectiles.
[0003] Currently, most existing water entry experimental devices focus on single-launch projectiles, with limited research on the mutual influence of multiple projectiles under continuous firing conditions. Existing devices generally suffer from the following shortcomings: First, it is difficult to precisely control the position and timing of each launching unit during continuous firing, making it difficult to guarantee the consistency of the water entry positions of multiple projectiles; second, constructing an ice environment is difficult, as floating ice is easily disturbed and moves on the water surface, leading to uncontrollable experimental conditions and poor repeatability; third, the range of water entry angle adjustment is limited, making it difficult to meet the needs of large-angle water entry experiments.
[0004] Furthermore, existing continuous launch devices typically employ a single series or parallel configuration. While series configurations (such as rotary launchers) allow for sequential launches, the launch units are arranged circumferentially or longitudinally, making independent adjustment of multiple launch units on the same guide rail difficult. Parallel configurations (such as multi-tube parallel launchers) allow for the side-by-side installation of multiple tubes, but launches are usually simultaneous, making controllable sequential launches difficult within a single launch device. Therefore, existing devices cannot simultaneously accommodate both parallel configurations and series timing within a single launch system.
[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to design an experimental device that can achieve continuous launch of multiple projectiles into water at the same point, construct a stable ice environment, and have a wide range of angle adjustment capabilities, so as to provide a reliable experimental platform for the systematic study of the ice-penetrating and water-entry process. Summary of the Invention
[0006] The present invention aims to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art and provide an experimental apparatus and its operation method for continuous projectile firing to penetrate ice and water at the same point.
[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An experimental apparatus for continuously firing projectiles to penetrate ice and water at a common point includes: The adjustment device includes a worktable, a hydraulic rod, an adjustment guide rail, a first slider, and a second slider; one end of the hydraulic rod is hinged to the worktable, and the other end is hinged to the second slider; the rear end of the worktable is slidably connected to the adjustment guide rail via the first slider; the angle between the launching device and the horizontal plane is adjusted by extending and retracting the hydraulic rod and sliding the first and second sliders along the adjustment guide rail. The launching device includes at least two launching units, a gas storage chamber, a control valve, an air cushion guide rail, a support frame, and a driving device; the at least two launching units are all mounted on the air cushion guide rail and can move along the direction of the air cushion guide rail, and the launching units have a sequential launching order; the gas storage chamber is connected to the launching units through the control valve; the air cushion guide rail is fixedly mounted on the worktable; An infrared sensor is fixedly mounted on the worktable and located on the moving path of the transmitting unit, used to detect the position of the transmitting unit and output a trigger signal; A water tank device includes a water tank and an ice-floating restraint component disposed on the water surface of the water tank; the edge of the ice-floating restraint component is fixed relative to the inner wall of the water tank, and the ice-floating restraint component has an opening area for accommodating ice and restricting the horizontal movement range of the ice. A support device for supporting and fixing the adjustment device, the launching device, and the water tank device; The control system is electrically connected to the infrared sensor and the control valve, and is used to control the drive device.
[0008] Furthermore, the installation position of the infrared sensor corresponds to the preset trigger position of the rear transmitting unit; in the initial state, the rear transmitting unit is located outside the detection area of the infrared sensor. When the rear transmitting unit moves along the air cushion guide rail to enter the detection area of the infrared sensor, the infrared sensor is triggered, the control system receives the trigger signal of the infrared sensor, and controls the opening of the control valve corresponding to the rear transmitting unit.
[0009] Furthermore, an inflation valve and a pressure sensor are connected to the gas storage chamber.
[0010] Furthermore, the air cushion guide rail includes air cushion guide rail one and air cushion guide rail two; the support frame includes a first support frame and a second support frame.
[0011] Furthermore, the launching unit includes a launching tube; each launching unit is correspondingly configured with a gas storage chamber, a control valve, and a set of first support frames and second support frames; the launching tube is mounted on the first air cushion guide rail through its corresponding first support frame, and the gas storage chamber is mounted on the second air cushion guide rail through its corresponding second support frame.
[0012] Furthermore, the angle between the launching device and the horizontal plane can be adjusted within a range of 15° to 90°.
[0013] Furthermore, the support device includes a steel beam, and the adjusting guide rail is fixed to the steel beam.
[0014] Furthermore, a protective layer is provided at the bottom of the water tank, the protective layer comprising a rigid layer and a buffer layer laid on top of the rigid layer.
[0015] Furthermore, the driving device is a linear motor, the stator of which is fixedly mounted on the air cushion guide rail, and the mover of which is mounted on the side of the support frame; the support frame is driven to move along the direction of the air cushion guide rail by the linear motor, thereby driving each launching unit to move along the direction of the air cushion guide rail.
[0016] The present invention also provides an operating method based on the above-described experimental apparatus, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Set up ice-floating restraints on the water surface of the water tank and fix their edges relative to the inner wall of the water tank. Arrange ice in the opening area of the ice-floating restraints to form a stable and controllable ice environment. Step 2: Adjust the angle between the worktable and the horizontal plane using the adjustment device to set the water entry angle; Step 3: Fill the gas storage chamber with gas to the set pressure value; introduce gas into the air cushion guide rail to put it into working condition; Step 4: Move each launching unit along the air cushion guide rail to the initial ready-to-launch position using the drive device; adjust the operating status of the drive device using the control system, and pre-set the movement speed and displacement direction of each launching unit; Step 5: Open the control valve corresponding to the first launching unit to release gas and launch the projectile; after launch, the first launching unit moves along the air cushion guide rail away from its initial launch position under the action of the drive device; the subsequent launching unit moves along the air cushion guide rail towards the detection area of the infrared sensor under the action of the drive device; when the infrared sensor detects that the subsequent launching unit has reached its detection area, the infrared sensor is triggered, the control system receives the trigger signal from the infrared sensor, and controls the opening of the control valve corresponding to the subsequent launching unit to launch the projectile; repeat the above triggering process until all launching units have completed launching.
[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. By installing at least two launch units side by side on the same air cushion rail and having a sequential launch time, this device integrates parallel layout and series timing in a single launch system. It can efficiently and quickly achieve series and parallel water launch without the need for multiple sets of devices, significantly improving the applicability and experimental efficiency of the device.
[0018] 2. A drive device enables controllable movement of the launching unit along the air cushion track. The movement speed and displacement direction can be preset, improving the accuracy of launching position adjustment and launching timing control. Based on this, through the cooperation of the air cushion track and infrared sensors, and utilizing the delayed triggering of the subsequent launching unit, the launch timing of the two projectiles is correlated with their respective positions on the air cushion track. This achieves high-precision simultaneous ice penetration and water entry of multiple projectiles at the same incident point, significantly improving the consistency and repeatability of the experiment.
[0019] 3. By setting up floating ice restraints with edges fixed to the inner wall of the water tank and opening an opening area, the distribution range of the ice body is effectively constrained, reducing the random movement of the ice body during the experiment. At the same time, the interference of reflected waves from the water tank boundary on the ice body breaking process is isolated, thus creating a stable and controllable ice environment.
[0020] 4. Through the structural design that combines the lifting of the front end of the hydraulic rod with the follow-up movement of the slider at the rear of the worktable, the distance between the launch port and the water surface is kept basically stable when adjusting the water entry angle, realizing a wide range of water entry angle adjustment from 15° to 90° to meet the experimental needs of different working conditions.
[0021] 5. By adjusting the air pressure in the gas storage chamber, the initial velocity of the projectile can be precisely controlled. Combined with angle adjustment and timing control, the influence of launch velocity, water entry angle and launch timing on the ice-penetrating and water-entry process can be systematically studied. Attached Figure Description
[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the transmitting device, infrared sensor, and adjustment device of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Another perspective illustration; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the launching device of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the linear motor installation used in the drive device of the present invention.
[0023] Explanation of the reference numerals in the figure: 1-Air storage chamber; 2-Control valve; 3-Infrared sensor; 4-Transmitter tube; 5-Workbench; 6-First support frame; 7-Air cushion guide rail one; 8-First slider; 9-Second support frame; 10-Air cushion guide rail two; 11-Inflation valve; 12-Pressure sensor; 13-Hydraulic rod; 14-Second slider; 15-Adjusting guide rail; 16-Steel beam; 17-Floating ice restraint; 18-Water tank; 19-Buffer layer; 20-Hard layer; 21-Stator; 22-Motor. Detailed Implementation
[0024] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Example 1
[0025] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, this embodiment provides an experimental apparatus for continuous projectile firing to penetrate ice and water at the same point, including an adjustment device, a launching device, an infrared sensor 3, a water tank device, and a support device.
[0026] Adjustment device The adjustment device includes a worktable 5, a hydraulic rod 13, an adjustment guide rail 15, a first slider 8, and a second slider 14. The adjustment guide rail 15 extends horizontally. Both the first slider 8 and the second slider 14 are slidably engaged with the adjustment guide rail 15. The worktable 5 is supported on the adjustment guide rail 15 via the first slider 8 and the second slider 14.
[0027] The upper end of the hydraulic rod 13 is hinged to the front of the worktable 5, and the lower end is hinged to the second slider 14. The rear end of the worktable 5 is hinged to the first slider 8. By controlling the extension and retraction of the hydraulic rod 13, the front end of the worktable 5 is raised or lowered, while the first slider 8 and the second slider 14 slide along the adjusting guide rail 15 to compensate for changes in the horizontal position of the worktable 5. This structure can maintain a basically stable distance between the launch port and the water surface when adjusting the water entry angle, and achieve continuous adjustment of the angle between the launching device and the horizontal plane within the range of 15° to 90°.
[0028] When conducting large-angle water entry experiments, the distance between the launch port and the water surface can be appropriately increased by adjusting the overall position of the worktable 5; or the water level in the water tank 18 can be appropriately lowered to avoid water splashing caused by the launch port being too close to the water surface. At the same time, at extreme angles, it must be ensured that there is no structural interference between the first slider 8 and the second slider 14 and the adjusting guide rail 15.
[0029] Both the first slider 8 and the second slider 14 are equipped with locking mechanisms. When the hydraulic rod 13 adjusts the worktable 5 to the target angle, the locking mechanisms lock the first slider 8 and the second slider 14 onto the adjusting guide rail 15 to ensure that the tilt angle of the worktable 5 remains stable during the launch process. Limiting blocks are provided at both ends of the adjusting guide rail 15 to prevent the sliders from sliding off the guide rail during the adjustment process.
[0030] Launching device The launching device includes two launching units, a gas storage chamber 1, a control valve 2, air cushion guide rails, a support frame, and a drive unit. The air cushion guide rails include air cushion guide rail one 7 and air cushion guide rail two 10, both fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the worktable 5. The support frame includes a first support frame 6 and a second support frame 9. Each launching unit is equipped with one gas storage chamber 1 and one control valve 2.
[0031] Each launch unit includes a launch tube 4. In this embodiment, the launch tube 4 is 1500 mm long, and its inner diameter matches that of the experimental projectile. The launch tube 4 is mounted on the first air cushion rail 7 via its corresponding first support frame 6, and the gas storage chamber 1 is mounted on the second air cushion rail 10 via its corresponding second support frame 9. The two launch units are mounted side by side on the first air cushion rail 7 and the second air cushion rail 10, forming a parallel structure in physical layout. Each launch unit is independently supported on the air cushion rail via its respective first support frame 6 and second support frame 9, thereby allowing it to move independently along the direction of the air cushion rail.
[0032] The gas storage chamber 1 is used to store high-pressure driving gas. In this embodiment, the gas storage chamber 1 has a volume of 0.85L and a maximum pressure resistance of 30MPa. The gas storage chamber 1 is equipped with a filling valve 11 and a pressure sensor 12. The filling valve 11 is used to connect an external high-pressure gas source to fill the gas storage chamber 1, and the pressure sensor 12 is used to monitor the gas pressure inside the gas storage chamber 1 in real time. The gas storage chamber 1 is connected to the rear end of the launch tube 4 via a control valve 2. When the control valve 2 is opened, the high-pressure gas in the gas storage chamber 1 is instantly released into the launch tube 4, propelling the projectile to accelerate outwards.
[0033] In this embodiment, the driving device is a linear motor. For example... Figure 5 As shown, the stator 21 of the linear motor is fixedly mounted on the air cushion guide rail. In this embodiment, the air cushion guide rail is provided with screw holes, and the stator 21 is locked and fixed through the screw holes on both sides of the air cushion guide rail. The mover 22 of the linear motor is mounted on the side of the support frame, and the linear motor drives the support frame to move along the direction of the air cushion guide rail, thereby driving each launching unit to move along the direction of the air cushion guide rail. The operating state of the linear motor can be adjusted by the control system, and the movement speed and displacement direction of the launching unit can be preset.
[0034] The support frame is equipped with a locking mechanism, which locks the launch unit onto the air cushion guide rail in the initial ready-to-fire state. Before launch, the locking mechanism is released, allowing the launch unit to slide freely along the air cushion guide rail. Limiting blocks are provided at both ends of the air cushion guide rail to limit the extreme range of movement of the support frame and prevent it from sliding off the guide rail.
[0035] In this embodiment, two transmitting units are mounted side-by-side on an air cushion guide rail, forming a parallel structure in terms of physical layout. In terms of transmission timing, the drive device, infrared sensor 3, and control valve 2 are coordinated in a closed-loop manner by the control system to achieve sequential transmission, forming a series timing sequence. Through the combination of the above parallel layout and series timing, this device is compatible with both parallel and series transmission functions within a single transmission system, eliminating the need to configure different transmitting devices for different transmission modes.
[0036] Infrared sensor 3 Infrared sensor 3 is fixedly mounted on worktable 5 and located on the moving path of the transmitting unit. The installation position of infrared sensor 3 corresponds to the preset trigger position of the rear transmitting unit. In the initial state, the rear transmitting unit is located outside the detection area of infrared sensor 3, and the transmitting units have a sequential transmission order.
[0037] Through the coordinated control of infrared sensor 3 and control valve 2, the launch timing of the first and second launch units is associated with their respective positions on the air cushion guide rail, thereby precisely controlling the two launch missiles to complete the ice penetration and water entry at the same spatial entry point.
[0038] It should be noted that the "preset trigger position" is not limited to a single fixed value. Depending on the calibration results for different experimental conditions (such as different initial launch velocities, water entry angles, or projectile types), the optimal launch timing for the rear launch unit may differ, and the corresponding "preset trigger position" can be adjusted accordingly. This adjustment compensates for the response delay of the control system, ensuring that the launch is completed when the rear launch unit actually reaches the desired spatial position. To accommodate this requirement, multiple mounting holes or grooves can be provided on the workbench 5 along the air cushion guide rail direction for fixed adjustment of the infrared sensor 3 between different positions. During the experimental preparation phase for a specific condition, locking the infrared sensor 3 in the mounting position closest to the "preset trigger position" for that condition ensures its "fixed setting" provides a precise positional reference while meeting the experimental requirements of different conditions.
[0039] Water tank device The water tank device includes a water tank 18. In this embodiment, the water tank 18 has dimensions of 3m (length) × 1.2m (width) × 1.6m (height), and its four walls are made of tempered glass to facilitate observation of the projectile's entry into the water and the cavitation evolution process. A protective layer is provided at the bottom of the water tank 18, which includes a steel plate as a rigid layer 20 and pine boards laid on top of the steel plate as a buffer layer 19. The steel plate is used to prevent the projectile from directly impacting the bottom surface of the water tank, and the pine boards are used to buffer the residual kinetic energy of the projectile after penetrating the ice layer.
[0040] Figure 3The internal structure of the water tank device and the arrangement of the ice environment are shown. When constructing the ice environment, a floating ice restraint 17 is placed on the water surface of the water tank 18. In this embodiment, the floating ice restraint 17 is made of 30mm thick foam board with a planar dimension of 1.2m × 1.2m. The edge of the floating ice restraint 17 is fixed to the inner wall of the water tank 18 by adhesive or slots. A circular opening with a diameter of 0.8m is opened at the center of the floating ice restraint 17. During experiments, crushed ice is laid in this opening area to simulate a natural floating ice environment, or a pre-made ice plate is placed to simulate a complete ice layer. Simultaneously, a small amount of crushed ice can be placed on the upper surface of the floating ice restraint 17 near the edge of the opening area to reduce the human influence of the foam board boundary on the ice breaking process.
[0041] The ice confinement member 17 ensures that the ice in the opening area will not drift out of the experimental area due to water surface fluctuations or airflow disturbances, thus guaranteeing the consistency of the ice penetration position of the projectile in each experiment.
[0042] support device The support device is used to support and fix the adjustment device, launching device, and water tank device. In this embodiment, the support device includes a steel beam 16, and an adjusting guide rail 15 is fixed on the steel beam 16. The steel beam 16 is an I-beam structure, laid on the ground or experimental platform foundation, and the overall structure has sufficient rigidity and stability.
[0043] control system The control system is electrically connected to the infrared sensor 3 and the control valve 2, and is used to control the drive device. The infrared sensor 3 is used to collect the position detection signal of the rear launching unit and send the trigger signal to the control system. After receiving the trigger signal, the control system controls the opening of the control valve 2 corresponding to the rear launching unit to release the high-pressure gas in the gas storage chamber 1 and complete the projectile launch.
[0044] Operating method The operating method for conducting a continuous projectile firing and ice-water penetration experiment using the device of this embodiment is as follows: (1) Ice environment setup. The floating ice restraint 17 is laid on the water surface of the water tank 18 and its edge is fixed relative to the inner wall of the water tank 18. Crushed ice or pre-made ice plates are evenly laid in the opening area of the floating ice restraint 17 to form the ice environment required for the experiment.
[0045] (2) Angle Adjustment and Loading. Activate hydraulic rod 13 and adjust the worktable 5 to the target tilt angle so that the angle between the axis of the launch tube 4 and the horizontal plane reaches the preset water entry angle. Based on the calibration results for this working condition, install the infrared sensor 3 in the corresponding mounting hole on the worktable 5 and lock it in place. Check the locking mechanisms of the first slider 8 and the second slider 14 to ensure they are in the locked state. Load the projectiles respectively.
[0046] (3) Inflation and ventilation preparation. Open the inflation valve 11 and inflate the air storage chamber 1 with an external high-pressure air source. The pressure sensor 12 monitors the air pressure in real time. When the preset pressure value is reached, close the inflation valve 11. Introduce compressed gas into the air chamber of the support frame of the air cushion guide rail to form an air film between the support frame and the air cushion guide rail. Confirm that the locking mechanism on the support frame is in the loose state.
[0047] (4) Initial positioning. The two launching units are moved to the initial ready-to-launch position along the air cushion guide rail by a linear motor drive. The operating status of the linear motor is adjusted by the control system, and the movement speed and displacement direction of each launching unit are preset.
[0048] (5) Continuous firing. The control system opens the control valve 2 corresponding to the first firing unit, and high-pressure gas drives the first projectile to be fired. After firing, the first firing unit moves along the air cushion guide rail away from its initial firing position under the drive of a linear motor; the subsequent firing unit moves along the air cushion guide rail towards the detection area of the infrared sensor 3 under the drive of a linear motor. During the movement, the infrared sensor 3 detects the position of the firing unit in real time. When the subsequent firing unit moves to the detection area of the infrared sensor 3, the infrared sensor 3 is triggered. After receiving the trigger signal, the control system opens the control valve 2 corresponding to the subsequent firing unit, and high-pressure gas drives the second projectile to be fired.
[0049] The position of the first launching unit at the moment of launch is the spatial position of that launching unit when it completes its simultaneous launch. After launching, the first launching unit must retreat from this position, and the subsequent launching units must move to the same spatial position to complete their simultaneous launch.
[0050] (6) Data acquisition and recording. The entire process of the projectile penetrating ice and entering water was recorded using a high-speed camera system to obtain experimental data such as water entry attitude, cavitation morphology and ice breaking characteristics.
[0051] Through the closed-loop coordinated control of the drive device, infrared sensor 3 and control valve 2 by the above-mentioned control system, the launch timing of the first launch unit and the second launch unit are associated with their respective positions on the air cushion guide rail, thereby precisely controlling the two launch missiles to complete the ice penetration and water entry at the same spatial entry point. Example 2
[0052] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the number of transmitting units is increased to three. All three transmitting units are mounted on the same set of air cushion guides and can move independently along the guides. The number of infrared sensors 3 is correspondingly increased, and they are arranged at intervals along the axis of the worktable 5, corresponding to the preset trigger positions of the second and third transmitting units, respectively. The remaining structure is the same as in Embodiment 1.
[0053] During the experiment, after the first launching unit is launched, it moves away from the launch port. Each subsequent launching unit moves towards the detection area of its corresponding infrared sensor 3 under the drive of a linear motor. When the second launching unit moves to the detection area of its corresponding infrared sensor 3, it is triggered to launch. Similarly, the third launching unit launches when its corresponding infrared sensor 3 is triggered. By reasonably setting the installation position of the infrared sensor 3, it is possible to achieve continuous ice penetration and water entry of three launched projectiles at the same incident point. Example 3
[0054] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the floating ice restraint 17 adopts a combination structure of an inflatable rubber ring and a flexible film, and its edges are fixed to the inner wall of the water tank 18 by suction cups. The opening area is set as square to accommodate the experimental needs of ice plates of different shapes.
[0055] Technical features not described herein can be implemented using existing technologies and will not be elaborated upon here. Of course, the above description is not intended to limit the invention, nor is the invention limited to the examples given above. Any changes, modifications, additions, or substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the scope of this invention should also fall within the protection scope of this invention.
Claims
1. An experimental apparatus for continuously firing projectiles to penetrate ice and water at a common point, characterized in that, include: The adjustment device includes a worktable (5), a hydraulic rod (13), an adjustment guide rail (15), a first slider (8), and a second slider (14); one end of the hydraulic rod (13) is hinged to the worktable (5), and the other end is hinged to the second slider (14); the rear end of the worktable (5) is slidably connected to the adjustment guide rail (15) through the first slider (8); the angle between the launching device and the horizontal plane is adjusted by the extension and retraction of the hydraulic rod (13) and the sliding of the first slider (8) and the second slider (14) along the adjustment guide rail (15); The launching device includes at least two launching units, an air storage chamber (1), a control valve (2), an air cushion guide rail, a support frame, and a driving device; the at least two launching units are all installed on the air cushion guide rail and can move along the direction of the air cushion guide rail, and the launching units have a sequential order in terms of launching time; the air storage chamber (1) is connected to the launching unit through the control valve (2); the air cushion guide rail is fixedly installed on the worktable (5); An infrared sensor (3) is fixedly mounted on the workbench (5) and located on the moving path of the transmitting unit. It is used to detect the position of the transmitting unit and output a trigger signal. The water tank device includes a water tank (18) and an ice-floating restraint (17) disposed on the water surface of the water tank (18); the edge of the ice-floating restraint (17) is fixed relative to the inner wall of the water tank (18), and the ice-floating restraint (17) has an opening area for accommodating ice and restricting the horizontal movement range of the ice. A support device for supporting and fixing the adjustment device, the launching device, and the water tank device; The control system is electrically connected to the infrared sensor (3) and the control valve (2) and is used to control the drive device.
2. The experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The installation position of the infrared sensor (3) corresponds to the preset trigger position of the rear transmitting unit. In the initial state, the rear transmitting unit is located outside the detection area of the infrared sensor (3). When the rear transmitting unit moves along the air cushion guide to enter the detection area of the infrared sensor (3), the infrared sensor (3) is triggered. The control system receives the trigger signal of the infrared sensor (3) and controls the opening of the control valve (2) corresponding to the rear transmitting unit.
3. The experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: An inflation valve (11) and a pressure sensor (12) are connected to the gas storage chamber (1).
4. The experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air cushion guide rail includes air cushion guide rail one (7) and air cushion guide rail two (10); the support frame includes a first support frame (6) and a second support frame (9).
5. The experimental apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that: The launching unit includes a launching tube (4); each launching unit is configured with a gas storage chamber (1), a control valve (2), and a set of first support frames (6) and second support frames (9); the launching tube (4) is mounted on the first air cushion guide rail (7) through its corresponding first support frame (6), and the gas storage chamber (1) is mounted on the second air cushion guide rail (10) through its corresponding second support frame (9).
6. The experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle between the launching device and the horizontal plane can be adjusted from 15° to 90°.
7. The experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support device includes a steel beam (16), and the adjusting guide rail (15) is fixed on the steel beam (16).
8. The experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the water tank (18) is provided with a protective layer, which includes a hard layer (20) and a buffer layer (19) laid on top of the hard layer.
9. The experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving device is a linear motor. The stator (21) of the linear motor is fixedly mounted on the air cushion guide rail, and the mover (22) of the linear motor is mounted on the side of the support frame. The support frame is driven to move along the direction of the air cushion guide rail by the linear motor, thereby driving each launching unit to move along the direction of the air cushion guide rail.
10. A method of operating the experimental apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Set up floating ice restraints (17) on the water surface of the water tank (18) and fix their edges relative to the inner wall of the water tank (18). Arrange ice in the opening area of the floating ice restraints (17) to form a stable and controllable ice environment. Step 2: Adjust the angle between the workbench (5) and the horizontal plane using the adjustment device to set the water entry angle; Step 3: Fill the gas storage chamber (1) with gas to the set pressure value; introduce gas into the air cushion guide rail to put it into working state; Step 4: Move each launching unit along the air cushion guide rail to the initial ready-to-launch position using the drive device; adjust the operating status of the drive device using the control system, and pre-set the movement speed and displacement direction of each launching unit; Step 5: Open the control valve (2) corresponding to the first launching unit to release gas and launch the projectile; after launch, the first launching unit moves along the air cushion guide rail away from its position at launch under the action of the driving device; the subsequent launching unit moves along the air cushion guide rail towards the detection area of the infrared sensor (3) under the action of the driving device; when the infrared sensor (3) detects that the subsequent launching unit has reached its detection area, the infrared sensor (3) is triggered, the control system receives the trigger signal of the infrared sensor (3) and controls the opening of the control valve (2) corresponding to the subsequent launching unit to launch the projectile; repeat the above triggering process until all launching units have completed launching.