Engine conical wall structure impact performance test device and method

Abstract

The application discloses an engine conical wall structure impact performance test device and method, and belongs to the technical field of aero-engine structure strength test. The device comprises: a hammer body for generating a falling body impact; an adapter assembly in interference fit connection with the front end of the conical wall structure; a support in fixed connection with the rear end of the conical wall structure; a protection assembly arranged on the falling path of the hammer body and located at the side of the conical wall structure, for receiving the hammer body after the conical wall structure breaks; and a protection box arranged directly below the conical wall structure for receiving the failed falling conical wall structure. The method comprises static load calibration and dynamic load impact test steps. The application can meet the split and integrated installation requirements of the conical wall structure, realize stable connection and double safety protection under high-energy impact, can synchronously complete static load calibration and dynamic impact integrated test, and is safe and reliable in test.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aero-engine structural strength testing technology, specifically to a device and method for testing the impact performance of an engine cone wall structure. Background Technology

[0002] During the operation of aero-engines, the conical wall structure, as a core load-bearing and protective component, plays a crucial role in load transfer, airflow rectification, and impact protection. Its structural strength and impact resistance directly determine the operational safety and service life of the aero-engine. In actual operation, the conical wall structure is susceptible to complex loads such as blade detachment, foreign object impacts, and structural drop impacts. High-energy impact loads can cause deformation, cracking, or even overall failure of the conical wall, thus threatening the safety of the entire engine structure. Therefore, conducting drop impact performance tests and force verification of the engine's conical wall structure is a core step in verifying the rationality of the structural design and ensuring the reliable service of the aero-engine.

[0003] Currently, research on drop impact tests of engine conical wall structures largely relies on numerical simulation for theoretical analysis, with significant shortcomings in supporting physical testing technologies. Existing testing equipment struggles to meet the diverse installation requirements of both split and integrated conical wall structures, cannot control the axial movement of the structure under high-energy impact, and cannot simultaneously complete integrated static load calibration and dynamic impact testing. Furthermore, existing connection structures exhibit significant strength deficiencies under high-energy impact, reveal certain misconceptions in safety design, lack specific protective measures after structural failure, and are highly susceptible to secondary structural damage, severely impacting the authenticity and reliability of test data. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a test device and method for the impact performance of engine conical wall structure, so as to solve the problems in the prior art that cannot simultaneously meet the installation requirements of split and integrated conical wall structure, insufficient connection strength under high-energy impact, lack of post-failure protection measures, and inability to achieve integrated testing of static load calibration and dynamic load impact.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] An impact performance testing device for an engine cone wall structure, comprising: The hammer body is used to generate a falling impact. The hammer body includes a base and a hammer head. The base is securely connected to the test bench basket through adjustment holes. The hammer head is integrally connected to the base. The diameter, height, material, mass, and other parameters of the hammer head are determined by dynamic analysis.

[0007] The adapter assembly, which is interference-fitted to the front end of the conical wall structure, is used to transfer the impact force of the hammer to the conical wall structure. The adapter assembly has two configurations: a split adapter type I and an integrated adapter type II.

[0008] The type I adapter includes an outer connecting section, a cylindrical section, positioning bolts, and a stop plate. The cylindrical section is inserted into the conical wall structure, and the stepped surface of the cylindrical section is flush with the front end plane of the conical wall structure. The outer connecting section is interference-fitted with the cylindrical section and connected by positioning bolts. The number, diameter, connection angle, and other parameters of the positioning bolts are determined by dynamic analysis. The stop plate is connected to the cylindrical section and abuts against the inner front end of the conical wall structure; the hollow circular plane of the stop plate contacts the conical wall structure, and the inner plane contacts the bottom surface of the cylindrical section. The stop plate and the cylindrical section are connected by bolts to restrict the axial movement of the conical wall structure.

[0009] The type II adapter includes an integral transition stage, a tool relief groove, and a stop plate. The outer arc surface of the integral transition stage is interference-fitted with the inner arc surface of the front end of the conical wall structure, and the front surface of the conical wall structure abuts against the plane outside the arc of the integral transition stage. The tool relief groove is located at the root of the cylindrical section of the integral transition stage for easy machining. The stop plate is bolted to the integral transition stage and abuts against the inner side of the front end of the conical wall structure.

[0010] A support frame, fixedly connected to the rear end of the conical wall structure, is used to support the conical wall structure on the ground. The support frame includes a base plate, longitudinal beams, transverse beams, a base plate, a central transverse beam, a central longitudinal beam, a forward assembly, and a backward assembly. The base plate is fixed to the ground and has a movable pad to accommodate different ground connection hole positions. The longitudinal beams are vertically fixed to the base plate, and the transverse beams connect adjacent longitudinal beams. The front side of the base plate is bolted to the rear end face of the conical wall structure, and the rear side of the base plate is connected to the longitudinal beams and transverse beams. The forward assembly is connected to the base plate and base plate to resist impact bending moments. The backward assembly is connected to the longitudinal beams, transverse beams, and base plate. The central transverse beam and central longitudinal beam enhance the internal strength of the base plate connection hole positions.

[0011] A protective component, positioned along the fall path of the hammer and located on the side of the conical wall structure, is used to catch the hammer as it continues to fall after the conical wall structure fractures, preventing secondary impact damage to the rear half of the conical wall structure. The protective component includes a support and a support column. The bottom surface of the support is fixed to the ground and connected to the test bench support column via lateral connection holes and vertical positioning holes. The support column includes a lower connecting plate, an upper connecting plate, and a vertical support plate, which are fixedly connected in sequence. The lower connecting plate has a lower connection hole, and the upper connecting plate has an upper connection hole. The support column is connected to the support through the lower connection hole and the vertical positioning hole. The height of the support column is adjustable and can be changed by connecting multiple components via the upper connection holes. A buffer, preferably a rubber block, is arranged on the upper surface of the support column to buffer the impact force from the hammer.

[0012] A protective box, positioned directly beneath the conical wall structure, is used to receive the falling conical wall structure after its failure, preventing it from colliding with the ground and damaging nearby instruments and equipment. The protective box includes a box body, a protective plate, and fork slots. The inner height of the box body is greater than half the vertical height of the failed portion of the conical wall structure, and the inner wall of the box body has an angle sufficient to receive the failed conical wall structure. The protective plate connects the box body to the ground via countersunk connecting grooves and adjusting grooves. The fork slots include lateral fork slots and longitudinal fork slots, allowing forklifts to move the protective box in both lateral and longitudinal directions.

[0013] The present invention also provides a method for testing the impact performance of an engine cone wall structure, using the above-mentioned apparatus, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Install the protective components and hammer body.

[0014] Step Two: Install the adapter assembly and the conical wall structure, and fix the rear end of the conical wall structure to the bracket. Align the front end of the conical wall structure with the hammer body by moving the bracket. Specifically, nest the adapter assembly axially inside the front end of the conical wall structure; connect a stop piece to the adapter assembly inside the conical wall structure; adjust the axis of the conical wall structure to be parallel to the ground, and connect the rear end face of the conical wall structure to the base plate of the bracket by bolts; align the front end of the conical wall structure with the hammer body by moving the bracket.

[0015] Step 3: Adjust the height of the protective component and arrange the protective box below the conical wall structure. Based on the preset value of the impact deformation of the conical wall structure, adjust the height of the support column of the protective component so that the upper surface of the support column is outside the falling stroke range of the hammer when the hammer does not damage the conical wall structure.

[0016] Step 4: Place a mass block on the upper surface of the adapter assembly to perform static loading on the conical wall structure and calibrate the strain measurement data; and remove the mass block after completing the static loading; before performing static loading, arrange measuring instruments or markers on the hammer and the conical wall structure, and arrange a high-speed camera system at a predetermined position that can capture the falling of the hammer and the deformation process of the conical wall structure.

[0017] Step 5: Raise the hammer to a predetermined height, release the hammer, and perform a dynamic impact test on the conical wall structure.

[0018] Step Six: Record the test data and check the deformation of the conical wall structure. The test data includes the hammer's mass and falling speed, impact energy, and the deformation and strain data of the conical wall structure. Calculate the impact resistance performance index of the conical wall structure based on the test data.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The apparatus and method provided by this invention can meet the drop impact test requirements of various conical wall structures, realizing integrated static load calibration and dynamic impact testing of different conical wall structures. By first calibrating strain measurement points by loading a static mass block on the same fixture, and then conducting dynamic impact testing with a drop hammer, the consistency and comparability of test data are ensured.

[0020] 2. This invention, through the design of two configurations—a split-type adapter (Type I) and an integrated adapter (Type II)—can adapt to conical wall structures with different processing conditions and assembly requirements. The adapter assembly and the conical wall structure employ an interference fit, supplemented by positioning bolts and stop plates, effectively limiting the axial movement of the conical wall structure under high-energy impacts and solving the problem of insufficient connection strength in existing technologies.

[0021] 3. This invention incorporates a forward-facing component in the support structure, specifically designed to resist the bending moment caused by the impact of the falling hammer. Existing support designs, such as longitudinal beams, transverse beams, and backward-facing components, are insufficient to withstand impact bending moments. The forward-facing component of this invention connects to the base plate, significantly improving the support structure's bending resistance and ensuring a stable connection between the conical wall structure and the ground under high-energy impact.

[0022] 4. This invention incorporates a dual protection mechanism: a protective component catches the hammer after the conical wall structure fails, preventing secondary impact damage to the rear half of the conical wall structure; a protective box receives the falling conical wall structure after failure, preventing it from colliding with the ground and nearby instruments and equipment. This dual protection effectively ensures experimental safety and guarantees the reliability of the experimental results.

[0023] 5. This invention is highly versatile, highly integrated, offers diverse installation methods, and provides comprehensive safety protection. It can efficiently complete safety impact testing research on various conical wall structures, providing a reliable testing method for strength verification and design optimization of aero-engine conical wall structures. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the engine cone wall structure impact performance testing device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the hammer body in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the adapter type I and the conical wall structure in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the adapter type II and the conical wall structure in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 for Figure 4 A magnified view of part A in the middle; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the support structure in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a second cross-sectional view of the bracket in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the protection component in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the protective box in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] In the diagram: 1-Hammer body, 10-Base, 11-Hammer head, 12-Adjusting hole, 13-Guide hole; 2-Adapter assembly, 21-Type I adapter, 210-Outer connecting section, 211-Cylinder section, 212-Positioning bolt, 22-Stop plate, 23-Type II adapter, 230-Integral adapter stage, 231-Relief groove; 3-Conical wall structure; 4-Bracket, 40-Base plate, 41-Longitudinal beam, 42-Crossbeam, 43-Rearward assembly, 44-Base plate, 45-Central crossbeam 46-Central longitudinal beam, 47-Forward component, 48-Movable pad; 5-Protective component, 51-Support, 511-Lateral connection hole, 512-Vertical positioning hole, 52-Column, 521-Lower connecting plate, 522-Upper connecting plate, 523-Vertical support plate, 524-Lower connection hole, 525-Upper connection hole; 6-Protective box, 60-Box body, 61-Protective plate, 62-Counterhead connection groove, 63-Adjustment groove, 64-Lateral fork groove, 65-Longitudinal fork groove. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Example 1 This embodiment provides a test device for the impact performance of an engine cone wall structure, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the test device includes a hammer body 1, a connecting assembly 2, a conical wall structure 3, a support 4, a protective assembly 5, and a protective box 6. The cross-sectional view is taken along the plane of structural symmetry, and the second cross-sectional view of the support 4 is taken along the vertical plane behind the longitudinal beam 41.

[0030] Hammer body 1: as shown Figure 2As shown, the hammer body 1 includes a base 10, a hammer head 11, an adjustment hole 12, and a guide hole 13. The base 10 is securely connected to the test bench basket via the adjustment hole 12, the size and position of which are adjusted according to the specific configuration of the test bench. During installation, the hammer body 1 can be easily moved by connecting bolts or pins in the guide hole 13. The base 10 and hammer head 11 are integrally connected, and the selection of parameters such as the diameter, height, material, and mass of the hammer head 11 is determined by dynamic analysis.

[0031] Adapter Component 2: Adapter component 2 is designed to achieve vertical loading and axial connection of the conical wall structure 3. Adapter component 2 is interference-fitted with the conical wall structure 3 and is used to transfer the impact force of the hammer 1 to the conical wall structure 3. (Example:) Figure 3 As shown, to facilitate the assembly of the adapter component 2 with the conical wall structure 3 and reduce reprocessing costs, a split adapter type I 21 is designed. The adapter type I 21 includes an outer connecting section 210, a cylindrical section 211, a positioning bolt 212, and a stop plate 22. The stepped cylindrical section 211 is inserted into the conical wall structure 3, with the stepped surface of the cylindrical section 211 flush with the front end plane of the conical wall structure 3. The outer connecting section 210 and the cylindrical section 211 are interference-fitted and connected by the positioning bolt 212. The positioning bolt 212 does not contact the conical wall structure 3; its quantity, diameter, connection angle, and other parameters are determined by dynamic analysis. Under high-intensity impact, the positioning bolt 212 is indispensable, as the interference fit between the outer connecting section 210 and the cylindrical section 211 is insufficient to resist the axial force of the conical wall structure 3 deformation. To limit the axial movement of the conical wall structure 3, a stop plate 22 is designed. The stop plate 22 abuts against the inner front end of the conical wall structure 3, with its hollow circular plane (i.e., the outermost ring of the stop plate) contacting the conical wall structure 3, and its inner plane contacting the bottom surface of the cylindrical section 211. The stop plate 22 and the cylindrical section 211 are connected by bolts, and the selection of parameters such as their number, diameter, and connection angle is determined by dynamic analysis. To facilitate disassembly after testing, the thickness of the stop plate 22 should not be too thick.

[0032] The split-type adapter type I 21 is designed to facilitate secondary processing and reuse, and is suitable for various types (mainly multi-diameter) of conical wall structures, reducing R&D costs.

[0033] like Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, to simplify the machining process, the adapter assembly 2 can be designed as an integrated adapter body type II 23. Because it is an integrated structure, its strength is more guaranteed. The adapter body type II 23 includes an integrated transition stage 230 and a stop plate 22. The outer arc surface of the integrated transition stage 230 is interference-fitted with the inner arc surface of the front end of the conical wall structure 3, and the front surface of the conical wall structure 3 abuts against the outer plane of the arc of the integrated transition stage 230. Simultaneously, to facilitate the machining of the integrated transition stage 230, a relief groove 231 is designed at the root of the cylindrical section of the integrated transition stage 230. The integrated transition stage 230 and the stop plate 22 are connected by bolts, and the stop plate 22 abuts against the inner side of the front end of the conical wall structure 3.

[0034] To avoid the front flange of the conical wall structure 3 and achieve normal contact with the hammer head 11, transition structures are provided on the outer connecting section 210 and the cylindrical section and upper surface of the integral transition stage 230. Two or more lifting holes are designed on the front face, upper surface, and side surface of the outer connecting section 210 and the integral transition stage 230 to facilitate the assembly of the adapter component 2 with the conical wall structure 3. The axial length, inner diameter, material, and other parameters of the adapter component 2 are determined by dynamic analysis.

[0035] The relative positions of the adapter assembly 2 and the conical wall structure 3 are important. During assembly, the installation orientation of the conical wall structure 3 should be used as a reference to assemble each component step by step, while ensuring the parallelism between the upper surface of the adapter assembly 2 and the ground.

[0036] It should be noted that the stop plate 22 included in the above-mentioned adapter type I 21 and adapter type II 23 is a general component, and the connection method can be selected according to the type of adapter.

[0037] Support 4: such as Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, the support 4 is fixedly connected to the rear end of the conical wall structure 3, and is used to support the conical wall structure 3 on the ground in a cantilever form. The support 4 includes a base plate 40, a longitudinal beam 41, a transverse beam 42, a base plate 44, a central transverse beam 45, a central longitudinal beam 46, a forward assembly 47, and a backward assembly 43.

[0038] Specifically, the support 4 is connected to the ground via a base plate 40. To improve the adaptability of the base plate 40 to different connection holes on the ground, a movable pad 48 is designed on the base plate 40. All components in the support 4 are connected by welding. The longitudinal beam 41 is vertically fixed to the base plate 40 and reinforced by a crossbeam 42, which connects to adjacent longitudinal beams 41. To resist the bending moment caused by the impact of the falling hammer 1, a rearward assembly 43 is designed to connect to the longitudinal beam 41, the crossbeam 42, and the base plate 40. The front side of the base plate 44 is bolted to the rear end face of the conical wall structure 3, and the rear side of the base plate 44 is connected to the longitudinal beam 41 and the crossbeam 42. The thickness and other parameters of the base plate 44 are selected by dynamic analysis.

[0039] To improve the strength of the connection hole between the substrate 44 and the conical wall structure 3, a central crossbeam 45 and a central longitudinal beam 46 are provided on the rear side of the substrate 44. The central crossbeam 45 and the central longitudinal beam 46 are fixed to each other and are connected to the crossbeam 42 and the longitudinal beam 41 respectively.

[0040] Under high-energy impact, the combination of longitudinal beam 41, transverse beam 42, rearward component 43, central transverse beam 45, and central longitudinal beam 46 is insufficient to resist the impact bending moment. Therefore, a forward component 47 is also provided on the bracket 4, which is connected to the base plate 40 and the base plate 44, and is specifically used to resist the impact bending moment.

[0041] Protection component 5: To address the impact damage to the rear half of the cone wall structure 3 caused by the continuous falling of the hammer 1 after the failure of the cone wall structure 3, protection component 5 is designed. Protection component 5 is installed on the falling path of the hammer 1 and located on the side of the cone wall structure 3, and is used to catch the hammer 1 that continues to fall after the cone wall structure 3 breaks and fails.

[0042] like Figure 8 As shown, the protection component 5 includes a support 51 and a support column 52. The bottom surface of the support 51 is fixed to the ground. The support 51 is provided with a lateral connection hole 511 and a vertical positioning hole 512. The support 51 is connected to the test bench support column through the lateral connection hole 511.

[0043] The support column 52 includes a lower connecting plate 521, a vertical support plate 523, and an upper connecting plate 522, which are fixedly connected in sequence. The lower connecting plate 521 has a lower connecting hole 524, and the upper connecting plate 522 has an upper connecting hole 525. The support column 52 is connected to the support 51 through the lower connecting hole 524 and the vertical positioning hole 512. For example, the lower connecting plate 521, the upper connecting plate 522, and the vertical support plate 523 are connected by welding.

[0044] In this embodiment, the height of the support column 52 is adjustable, and the support height can be changed by connecting it in series through the upper connecting hole 525. The vertical support plate 523 is welded from a large plate and four small plates, which is easy to process. The upper surface of the support column 52 is provided with a buffer to buffer the impact force from the hammer 1; for example, the buffer is a rubber block.

[0045] Protective Box 6: To address the safety concerns of the conical wall structure 3 falling to the ground after failure and posing a collision risk to the structure itself and nearby instruments and equipment, a protective box 6 is designed to catch the conical wall structure 3 after failure. The protective box 6 is positioned directly below the conical wall structure 3 to receive the falling conical wall structure 3 after failure.

[0046] like Figure 9As shown, the protective box 6 includes a box body 60, a protective plate 61, and fork slots. The inner height of the box body 60 should exceed half of the vertical height of the failed portion of the conical wall structure 3. The inner wall of the box body 60 has an inclination angle, which should be sufficient to accommodate the failed conical wall structure 3. The protective plate 61 connects the box body 60 to the ground via a countersunk connecting groove 62 and an adjusting groove 63 to avoid secondary damage to the conical wall structure 3. The box body 60 is internally designed with lateral fork slots 64 and longitudinal fork slots 65, enabling forklifts to move the protective box 6 in both lateral and longitudinal directions.

[0047] The following describes the installation method of the test apparatus in this embodiment: Taking the installation of a cone-shaped structure in a drop impact test as an example, the installation process in this embodiment is as follows: Install protective component 5 to ensure personnel safety in the event of an accidental fall of hammer 1.

[0048] Place the rear end face of the conical wall structure 3 flat on the ground and confirm the relative position of the adapter component 2 and the conical wall structure 3.

[0049] The adapter component 2 is vertically and slowly nested into the front end of the conical wall structure 3.

[0050] Lift the hoisting adapter 2 so that its front end is flat on the ground.

[0051] Inside the conical wall structure 3, the stop plate 22 is connected to the adapter type I 21 or the adapter type II 23.

[0052] Lift the hoisting adapter 2 so that the axis of the conical wall structure 3 is parallel to the ground.

[0053] The rear end face of the conical wall structure 3 is connected to the base plate 44 of the bracket 4 by bolts.

[0054] Based on the centerline of the hammer 1 and the impact position on the upper surface of the adapter 2, the support 4 is moved and fixed to the ground.

[0055] Install the protective component 5 and adjust its height according to the vertical height allowed by the impact deformation of the cone wall structure 3.

[0056] Install the protective box 6 at a suitable position below the conical wall structure 3.

[0057] This embodiment employs a dual protection mechanism comprised of the protective component 5 and the protective box 6, working together to ensure test safety. When the conical wall structure 3 is subjected to a high-energy impact, if the conical wall structure 3 experiences a penetrating failure, the hammer 1 will continue to fall. The support column 52 of the protective component 5 is located on the lower side of the conical wall structure 3, and its upper surface is equipped with rubber buffer blocks. When the hammer 1 falls beyond the failure point of the conical wall structure 3, the hammer 1 will first impact the rubber block on the support column 52. The rubber block undergoes elastic deformation to absorb the impact energy, thus preventing the hammer 1 from directly impacting the rear half of the conical wall structure 3 or the ground. The height of the support column 52 can be adjusted according to the expected deformation of the conical wall structure 3, ensuring that the support column 52 does not contact the hammer 1 during normal impact tests, only providing protection after the conical wall structure 3 fails. Simultaneously, the protective box 6 ensures that when the conical wall structure 3 experiences overall fracture or partial detachment, the failed portion will fall. The protective box 6 is positioned directly beneath the conical wall structure 3. Its internal height is greater than half the vertical height of the failed portion of the conical wall structure 3, and its inner wall has an angle to effectively receive the falling failed portion of the conical wall structure 3. The protective plate 61 is connected to the ground via a countersunk connecting groove 62 and an adjusting groove 63, preventing the protective box 6 from shifting during impact. The design of the lateral fork slot 64 and longitudinal fork slot 65 facilitates the removal of the protective box 6 along with the failed portion of the internal conical wall structure using a forklift after the test, simplifying cleaning and subsequent testing. The protective component 5 prevents secondary impact from the hammer 1, and the protective box 6 prevents collision damage to the failed portion of the conical wall structure. Together, they ensure the safety of the testing equipment and personnel, and guarantee the reliability of the test data.

[0058] Example 2 This embodiment provides a test method for the impact performance of an engine conical wall structure, using the aforementioned test apparatus. The test method of this embodiment is described below using a static load calibration and dynamic impact test of a specific conical wall structure as an example. The test method includes the following steps: Step 1: Weigh and confirm the weight of the hammer body according to the test requirements; then install the protective component 5 and the hammer body 1.

[0059] Step 2: Install the adapter assembly 2 and the conical wall structure 3, and fix the rear end of the conical wall structure 3 to the bracket 4; align the front end of the conical wall structure 3 with the hammer body 1 by moving the bracket 4. Specifically, nest the adapter assembly 2 axially inside the front end of the conical wall structure 3; connect the stop plate 22 to the adapter assembly 2 inside the conical wall structure 3; adjust the axis of the conical wall structure 3 to be parallel to the ground, and connect the rear end face of the conical wall structure 3 to the base plate 44 of the bracket 4 by bolts; then align the front end of the conical wall structure 3 with the hammer body 1 by moving the bracket 4, specifically by drawing the impact point on the upper surface of the adapter assembly 2, and moving the bracket 4 so that the impact point and the center of the hammer body 1 are on the same vertical line.

[0060] Step 3: Adjust the height of the protective component 5 and arrange the protective box 6 below the conical wall structure 3. Specifically, based on the preset value of the impact deformation of the conical wall structure 3, adjust the height of the support column 52 of the protective component 5 so that the upper surface of the support column 52 is outside the falling stroke range of the hammer 1 when the hammer 1 does not damage the conical wall structure 3. Then, arrange the protective box 6 below the conical wall structure 3.

[0061] Step 4: Inspect and record the condition of the conical wall structure 3 before the test. Arrange measuring instruments or markers on the hammer 1 and the conical wall structure 3. For example, attach strain gauges to key locations on the conical wall structure 3 and install an accelerometer on the hammer 1. Place a high-speed camera system at a predetermined location capable of capturing the drop of the hammer 1 and the deformation process of the conical wall structure 3. Check and confirm the working status of each operating and measuring system.

[0062] Then, a mass block is placed on the upper surface of the adapter component 2 to statically load the conical wall structure 3 and calibrate the strain measurement data. Specifically, by gradually increasing the mass block, the strain data of the conical wall structure 3 under different loads are recorded to complete the static load calibration. After completing the static loading, the mass block is removed.

[0063] Step 5: Based on the predetermined impact energy, raise hammer 1 to the corresponding height. Remove the protective device, release hammer 1, and conduct a dynamic impact test on the conical wall structure 3.

[0064] Step Six: Save the test data and calculate the falling speed and impact energy of hammer 1. The falling speed can be measured by a high-speed camera or laser velocimeter, and the impact energy is calculated based on the hammer's mass and falling speed. Finally, record the test data (including the mass and falling speed of hammer 1, impact energy, and deformation and strain data of the conical wall structure 3), and calculate the impact resistance performance index of the conical wall structure 3 based on the test data.

[0065] At the same time, the deformation of the cone wall structure 3 was checked and recorded, including the amount of plastic deformation, the location of crack initiation and propagation, etc.

[0066] Through the above static load calibration and dynamic load impact test, the mechanical response of the cone wall structure 3 under different load conditions can be obtained, providing reliable experimental data for its structural optimization design and strength verification.

[0067] In practical applications, the parameters of each component in the embodiments of the present invention need to be determined by dynamic analysis according to specific test requirements.

[0068] Hammer body parameters: The diameter of the hammer head 11 should be determined based on the upper surface area of ​​the adapter assembly 2 to ensure uniform distribution of impact force. The height of the hammer head 11 affects the hammer body mass; the greater the mass, the greater the impact energy. High-strength steel, such as 42CrMo or 40CrNiMo, is preferred for the hammer body material to ensure that no plastic deformation occurs after multiple impacts.

[0069] Adapter assembly parameters: The axial length of adapter assembly 2 should ensure an appropriate contact area between the front end of the conical wall structure 3 and the hammer head 11. The interference fit between the cylinder section 211 and the conical wall structure 3 needs to be determined based on the material and wall thickness of the conical wall structure 3, and is generally 0.02~0.05mm. The number and diameter of the positioning bolts 212 need to be calculated based on the impact load, and usually 4~8 M16~M24 bolts are used. The thickness of the stop plate 22 should be within 10mm, preferably 2~4mm. Too thick a plate will increase the difficulty of disassembly, while too thin a plate will result in insufficient strength.

[0070] Support parameters: The thickness of the base plate 44 needs to be determined based on the impact load and the dimensions of the conical wall structure 3, and is generally taken as 10~50mm. The cross-sectional dimensions and quantity of the forward assembly 47 need to be calculated based on the impact bending moment to ensure the overall bending stiffness of the support 4.

[0071] Protective component parameters: The height of the support column 52 should be set to 1.2 to 1.5 times the normal deformation of the conical wall structure 3 to ensure that the support column 52 does not contact the hammer body 1 during normal testing. The thickness and hardness of the rubber block need to be determined according to the mass and drop height of the hammer body 1 to effectively absorb impact energy.

[0072] Protective box parameters: The inner height of the box body 60 should be greater than half the vertical height of the failed part of the conical wall structure 3, generally taken as 0.6 to 0.8 times the total height of the conical wall structure 3. The inner wall inclination angle of the box body 60 is preferably 15° to 30° to facilitate the failed part of the conical wall structure sliding to the bottom of the box. The material of the protective box 6 is preferably wood or steel plate. Wood is low in cost and causes less damage to the failed part of the conical wall structure, while steel plate has high strength but may cause secondary damage to the failed part of the conical wall structure. The choice can be made according to the actual situation.

[0073] Through the selection and optimization of the above parameters, the test device of this invention can meet the impact performance testing requirements of different types and sizes of engine cone wall structures, and has wide applicability and good reliability.

[0074] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and variations can be made to the embodiments of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test apparatus for the impact performance of an engine cone wall structure, characterized in that, include: Hammer (1), used to generate falling impact; The adapter assembly (2) is interference-fitted to the front end of the conical wall structure (3) to transmit the impact force of the hammer (1) to the conical wall structure (3); the adapter assembly (2) includes a split adapter type I (21) or an integrated adapter type II (23). The adapter type I (21) includes an outer connecting section (210), a cylindrical section (211), a positioning bolt (212), and a stop plate (22). The cylindrical section (211) is inserted into the conical wall structure (3). The outer connecting section (210) is press-fitted with the cylindrical section (211). The positioning bolt (212) connects the outer connecting section (210) and the cylindrical section (211). The stop plate (22) is connected to the cylindrical section (211) and abuts against the inner front end of the conical wall structure (3). The type II adapter (23) includes an integral transition stage (230) and a stop plate (22). The outer arc surface of the integral transition stage (230) is interference-fitted with the inner arc surface of the front end of the conical wall structure (3). A cutter relief groove (231) is provided at the root of the cylindrical section of the integral transition stage (230). The stop plate (22) is connected to the integral transition stage (230) and abuts against the inner side of the front end of the conical wall structure (3). The bracket (4) is fixedly connected to the rear end of the conical wall structure (3) and is used to support the conical wall structure (3) on the ground; The protective component (5) is disposed on the falling path of the hammer (1) and located on the side of the conical wall structure (3) for catching the hammer (1) after the conical wall structure (3) breaks and fails; the protective component (5) includes a support (51) and a support column (52). The support (51) is fixed to the ground, and the support (51) is provided with a vertical positioning hole (512). The support column (52) includes a lower connecting plate (521), a vertical support plate (523), and an upper connecting plate (522). The lower connecting plate (521), the vertical support plate (523), and the upper connecting plate (522) are fixedly connected in sequence. The lower connecting plate (521) is provided with a lower connecting hole (524), and the upper connecting plate (522) is provided with an upper connecting hole (525). The support column (52) is connected to the support (51) through the lower connecting hole (524) and the vertical positioning hole (512). The upper surface of the support column (52) is provided with a buffer. A protective box (6) is located directly below the conical wall structure (3) and is used to receive the conical wall structure (3) after it fails and falls. The protective box (6) includes a box body (60), a protective plate (61) and a fork slot. The height of the inner cavity of the box (60) is greater than half of the vertical height of the failed part of the conical wall structure (3), and the inner wall of the box (60) has an inclination angle; The protective plate (61) is connected to the box (60) and the ground through a countersunk connecting groove (62) and an adjusting groove (63); The fork slots include lateral fork slots (64) and longitudinal fork slots (65) for forklifts to move the protective box (6).

2. The engine cone wall structure impact performance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support (4) includes a base plate (40), longitudinal beams (41), crossbeams (42), base plate (44), forward assembly (47) and rearward assembly (43). The base plate (40) is fixed to the ground, the longitudinal beam (41) is vertically fixed to the base plate (40), the cross beam (42) connects the adjacent longitudinal beam (41), the front side of the base plate (44) is connected to the rear end face of the conical wall structure (3), and the rear side of the base plate (44) is connected to the longitudinal beam (41) and the cross beam (42). The forward assembly (47) is connected to the base plate (40) and the base plate (44) to resist impact bending moment; the rearward assembly (43) is connected to the longitudinal beam (41), the cross beam (42) and the base plate (40).

3. A test method for the impact performance of an engine cone wall structure, characterized in that, The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 2 comprises the following steps: Step 1: Install the protective components (5) and the hammer (1); Step 2: Install the adapter assembly (2) and the conical wall structure (3), and fix the rear end of the conical wall structure (3) to the bracket (4); align the front end of the conical wall structure (3) with the hammer body (1) by moving the bracket (4); Step 3: Adjust the height of the protective component (5) and arrange the protective box (6) below the conical wall structure (3); Step 4: Place a mass block on the upper surface of the adapter assembly (2) to perform static loading on the conical wall structure (3) and calibrate the strain measurement data; and remove the mass block after completing the static loading. Step 5: Raise the hammer (1) to a predetermined height, release the hammer (1), and perform a dynamic impact test on the conical wall structure (3); Step 6: Record the test data and check the deformation of the cone wall structure (3).

4. The test method for the impact performance of the engine cone wall structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step two, the assembly process of the adapter component (2) and the conical wall structure (3) includes: The adapter component (2) is axially nested into the front end of the conical wall structure (3); The stop plate (22) is connected to the adapter assembly (2) inside the conical wall structure (3); Adjust the axis of the conical wall structure (3) to be parallel to the ground, and connect the rear end face of the conical wall structure (3) to the base plate (44) of the bracket (4) by bolts.

5. The test method for the impact performance of the engine cone wall structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step three, the height of the support column (52) of the protective component (5) is adjusted according to the preset value of the impact deformation of the cone wall structure (3), so that the upper surface of the support column (52) is outside the falling stroke range of the hammer body (1) when the hammer body (1) does not damage the cone wall structure (3).

6. The test method for the impact performance of the engine cone wall structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step four, before static loading, measuring instruments or markers are arranged on the hammer (1) and the conical wall structure (3), and a high-speed camera system is arranged at a predetermined position that can capture the falling of the hammer (1) and the deformation process of the conical wall structure (3).

7. The test method for the impact performance of the engine cone wall structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step six, the test data includes the mass and falling speed of the hammer (1), the impact energy, and the deformation and strain data of the conical wall structure (3). The impact resistance performance index of the conical wall structure (3) is calculated based on the test data.

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