A Layout Optimization Method for Sprinkler Water Supply and Drainage Systems Based on Hydraulic Feedback

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of sprinkler design optimization technology, specifically to a method for optimizing the layout of a sprinkler water supply and drainage system based on hydraulic feedback. The method includes: generating an initial sprinkler coordinate set based on building spatial geometry information, and constructing a pipe network topology based on the initial sprinkler coordinate set; determining the nodal pressure of each sprinkler based on the pipe network topology; for each sprinkler, determining a first adjustment amount along the direction perpendicular to the branch pipe based on the sprinkler's required coverage radius and rated coverage radius, and determining a second adjustment amount along the branch pipe direction based on the sprinkler's nodal pressure and the equivalent path length between the sprinkler and the main pipe; adjusting the sprinkler coordinates based on the first and second adjustment amounts to obtain the adjusted sprinkler coordinates; and outputting the optimized sprinkler coordinate set and pipe network hydraulic parameters when all adjusted sprinkler coordinates meet preset convergence conditions. This invention achieves coordinated optimization of sprinkler layout and pipe network hydraulic characteristics.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of sprinkler design optimization technology, specifically to a method for optimizing the layout of a sprinkler water supply and drainage system based on hydraulic feedback. Background Technology

[0002] As a core component of building fire protection, the design quality of indoor sprinkler systems directly impacts the safety of life and property. The design of indoor sprinkler systems encompasses two closely related technical aspects: sprinkler head spatial layout and pipe network hydraulic calculations. The sprinkler head location determines the protection coverage area and water spray intensity distribution, while the pipe network topology and diameter configuration affect the actual working pressure and flow distribution at each sprinkler head. These two aspects are interdependent and jointly determine whether the system can effectively control the spread of fire under fire conditions.

[0003] In existing technologies, the design of indoor sprinkler systems typically employs a static placement method based on regulatory constraints. Designers, in accordance with relevant design specifications regarding the rated coverage radius and minimum spacing of sprinklers, and considering the beam grid division in the building plan, place sprinklers within the installable area according to the maximum spacing defined by the specifications. Each sprinkler is then connected to the main pipe via branch pipes to form a complete pipe network topology.

[0004] However, the aforementioned static sprinkler placement method based on regulatory constraints has revealed significant limitations in engineering practice. Because sprinkler placement only considers spatial geometric constraints and minimum spacing requirements, it ignores the inherent coupling relationship between sprinkler location and the hydraulic characteristics of the pipe network. This often results in the sprinkler layout scheme determined during the design phase failing to achieve the expected protection effect and system equilibrium after hydraulic performance analysis. For example, sprinklers in some areas, due to their placement far from the main water supply pipe or significant elevation differences, may have insufficient actual working pressure, failing to meet the rated spray coverage requirements; while other sprinklers on the same branch pipe may experience excessive pressure due to their proximity to the main pipe, causing overall system hydraulic imbalance and energy waste. When these problems are discovered, designers typically need to rely on manual experience to repeatedly adjust sprinkler locations and pipe network configurations. This trial-and-error process is cumbersome and makes it difficult to obtain a globally optimal design solution, resulting in low design efficiency and unreliable optimization effects. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the technical problem of poor overall system performance caused by the difficulty in coordinating the layout of sprinkler heads with the hydraulic characteristics of the piping network in the design of indoor building sprinkler systems, the present invention aims to provide a method for optimizing the layout of sprinkler water supply and drainage systems based on hydraulic feedback. The specific technical solution adopted is as follows: Firstly, a method for optimizing the layout of a sprinkler system based on hydraulic feedback is provided. This method includes: generating an initial sprinkler coordinate set based on building spatial geometry information, and constructing a pipe network topology based on the initial sprinkler coordinate set, whereby the pipe network topology characterizes the connection relationship between each sprinkler and the main pipe via branch pipes; performing hydraulic calculations based on the pipe network topology to determine the nodal pressure of each sprinkler; for each sprinkler, determining a first adjustment amount along the direction perpendicular to the branch pipe based on the sprinkler's required coverage radius and rated coverage radius, and determining a second adjustment amount along the branch pipe direction based on the sprinkler's nodal pressure and the equivalent path length between the sprinkler and the main pipe; adjusting the sprinkler coordinates based on the first and second adjustment amounts to obtain the adjusted sprinkler coordinates; if the adjusted coordinates of all sprinklers do not meet a preset convergence condition, performing the next iteration based on the adjusted coordinates of all sprinklers until the preset convergence condition is met; and outputting the optimized sprinkler coordinate set and pipe network hydraulic parameters if the adjusted coordinates of all sprinklers meet the preset convergence condition.

[0006] In one possible design, an initial sprinkler coordinate set is generated based on architectural spatial geometry information, including: determining a deployable zone based on beam grid division data in the architectural spatial geometry information, where the deployable zone characterizes the spatial range within which sprinklers can be deployed; generating grid points as candidate sprinkler positions within the deployable zone, using the rated coverage radius of the sprinklers as the placement step size; eliminating candidate sprinkler positions that interfere with obstacle distribution data in the architectural spatial geometry information; determining spray coverage blind zones based on the remaining candidate sprinkler positions and obstacle distribution data; supplementing candidate sprinkler positions within the deployable zone area corresponding to the spray coverage blind zones; and generating the initial sprinkler coordinate set.

[0007] In one possible design, the pipeline topology is constructed based on an initial sprinkler coordinate set, including: dividing the sprinklers into multiple sprinkler groups according to the spatial distribution of each sprinkler in the initial sprinkler coordinate set, with the sprinklers in each sprinkler group arranged along the same path direction; for each sprinkler group, generating a branch pipe path, which sequentially connects each sprinkler in the sprinkler group and extends to the main pipe closest to the sprinkler group, with the branch pipe path arranged along the building beam or against the wall; determining the initial pipe diameter of the branch pipe based on the number of sprinklers connected to each branch pipe; determining the initial pipe diameter of the main pipe based on the total number of sprinklers connected to each branch pipe of each main pipe; and generating the pipeline topology based on the coordinates of each sprinkler, the connection relationship between each sprinkler and the branch and main pipes, the initial pipe diameter of each branch pipe, and the initial pipe diameter of each main pipe.

[0008] In one possible design, hydraulic calculations are performed based on the pipe network topology to determine the nodal pressure of each sprinkler head. This includes: determining the equivalent path length from each sprinkler head to the main pipe, whereby the equivalent path length characterizes the hydraulic resistance that water must overcome to reach the sprinkler head from the main pipe; identifying the sprinkler head with the maximum equivalent path length as the reference sprinkler head, and setting the nodal pressure of the reference sprinkler head as a preset minimum operating pressure; initializing the nodal pressure of each sprinkler head other than the reference sprinkler head to a preset initial pressure; and determining the nodal pressure of each sprinkler head by iteratively solving the hydraulic balance of the pipe network.

[0009] In one possible design, the nodal pressure of each sprinkler head is determined by iteratively solving the hydraulic balance of the pipe network. This includes: determining the head loss of each pipe segment based on the current nodal pressure of each sprinkler head, where head loss characterizes the energy loss caused by friction and local resistance when water flows in the pipe; updating the nodal pressure of each sprinkler head along the reverse flow direction from the reference sprinkler head, based on the nodal pressure of the downstream sprinkler head and the head loss of the pipe segment, until the starting point of the main pipe is reached; for parallel branches that intersect with the main pipe, updating the nodal pressure of each sprinkler head on the parallel branch along the flow direction, using the calculated pressure at the intersection point as the boundary; repeating the process of determining the head loss and updating the nodal pressure until the nodal pressure change of each sprinkler head meets the preset convergence tolerance.

[0010] In one possible design, determining a first adjustment amount along the direction perpendicular to the branch pipe based on the required coverage radius and rated coverage radius of the sprinkler head includes: obtaining a set of Euclidean distances corresponding to the sprinkler head, the set of Euclidean distances including the Euclidean distances between the sprinkler head and each adjacent sprinkler head, the adjacent sprinkler heads including sprinkler heads in the same branch pipe and sprinkler heads in adjacent branch pipes; determining half of the maximum Euclidean distance in the set of Euclidean distances as the required coverage radius of the sprinkler head; determining a pressure deficit coefficient based on the required coverage radius and rated coverage radius of the sprinkler head, the pressure deficit coefficient being used to characterize the degree of deviation between the current coverage capacity and the rated coverage capacity of the sprinkler head; and determining the first adjustment amount based on the projected distance between the sprinkler head and the branch pipe and the pressure deficit coefficient.

[0011] In one possible design, a second adjustment amount is determined along the branch pipe direction based on the nozzle's node pressure and the equivalent path length between the nozzle and the main pipe. This includes: determining the nozzle's pressure position characteristics based on the nozzle's node pressure and the equivalent path length between the nozzle and the main pipe, where the pressure position characteristics characterize the pressure change per unit path length; determining the statistical characteristic values ​​of the pressure position characteristics of all nozzles on the branch pipe to which the nozzle belongs; and determining the second adjustment amount based on the distance between the nozzle and the main pipe along the branch pipe direction, the nozzle's pressure position characteristics, and the statistical characteristic values.

[0012] In one possible design, the coordinates of the nozzle are adjusted based on a first adjustment amount and a second adjustment amount to obtain the adjusted coordinates of the nozzle, including: adjusting the projected distance of the nozzle in the direction perpendicular to the branch pipe according to the first adjustment amount; adjusting the distance between the nozzle and the main pipe along the branch pipe direction according to the second adjustment amount to obtain the adjusted coordinates of the nozzle; if the adjusted coordinates of the nozzle exceed the boundary of the deployable zone corresponding to the beam grid to which the nozzle belongs, the adjusted coordinates of the nozzle are truncated to the boundary limit; if the distance between the adjusted coordinates of the nozzle and the adjacent nozzle is less than the preset minimum distance, the nozzle is moved along the line connecting the nozzle and the adjacent nozzle to a position that meets the preset minimum distance requirement.

[0013] In one possible design, the preset convergence conditions include: the required coverage radius of the nozzle does not exceed the rated coverage radius, and the deviation between the pressure position characteristics of the nozzle and the statistical characteristic values ​​of the pressure position characteristics of all nozzles on the branch pipe is less than a preset threshold; or, the number of iterations reaches the preset maximum number of iterations.

[0014] In one possible design, the above method further includes: determining the lowest node pressure among all nozzle node pressures; and, if the lowest node pressure is less than the preset minimum working pressure, adding a pressure offset to the node pressure of each nozzle, wherein the pressure offset is the difference between the preset minimum working pressure and the lowest node pressure.

[0015] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: In the hydraulic feedback-based sprinkler system layout optimization method provided by this invention, the traditional serial and separate mode of sprinkler layout and pipe network hydraulic calculation is transformed into a collaborative iterative mode based on hydraulic feedback, which systematically improves the design quality and efficiency. In the initial layout stage, an initial sprinkler coordinate set is generated based on the building's spatial geometry information, and a pipe network topology is constructed, so that the sprinkler arrangement and pipe network connection relationship form a complete initial scheme in space. In the hydraulic calculation stage, the nodal pressure of each sprinkler is determined based on the pipe network topology, transforming the geometric layout into quantifiable hydraulic performance data. In the adjustment stage, for each sprinkler, a first adjustment amount is determined perpendicular to the branch pipe direction based on the comparison between its coverage requirements and rated coverage capacity, and a second adjustment amount is determined along the branch pipe direction based on the relationship between its nodal pressure and equivalent path length, quantitatively correcting the sprinkler coordinates from two dimensions: coverage adequacy and branch pipe pressure balance. In the convergence stage, a preset convergence condition is used as the termination criterion, and the iteratively optimized sprinkler coordinate set and pipe network hydraulic parameters are output. This ensures that the adjustment of the sprinkler layout is always guided by clear hydraulic feedback, avoiding the inefficient mode of repeated trial and error relying on manual experience in traditional methods. It can simultaneously optimize the protection coverage of each sprinkler and the pressure distribution balance inside the branch pipe, ultimately obtaining a globally optimized design scheme that takes into account the effectiveness of fire protection coverage, the hydraulic reliability of the system, and the economic efficiency of the project. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions and advantages in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a method for optimizing the layout of a sprinkler water supply and drainage system based on hydraulic feedback, provided in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a pipeline topology provided in one embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve its intended purpose, the following, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, details the specific implementation, structure, features, and effects of a hydraulic feedback-based sprinkler system layout optimization method proposed according to the present invention. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "another embodiment" do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, specific features, structures, or characteristics in one or more embodiments can be combined in any suitable form.

[0019] In embodiments of the present invention, the terms "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "for example" in embodiments of the present invention should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of the terms "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner.

[0020] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, " / " means "or". For example, A / B can mean A or B. The term "and / or" in this document is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. Furthermore, "at least one" and "more than one" refer to two or more. The terms "first," "second," etc., do not limit the quantity or order of execution, and "first," "second," etc., do not necessarily imply differences.

[0021] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0022] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, details a specific scheme for a hydraulic feedback-based layout optimization method for a sprinkler water supply and drainage system provided by the present invention.

[0023] Please see Figure 1 The diagram illustrates a flow chart of a method for optimizing the layout of a sprinkler water supply and drainage system based on hydraulic feedback, according to an embodiment of the present invention, including the following steps S101-S105.

[0024] S101. Generate an initial sprinkler coordinate set based on the building space geometry information, and construct the pipeline topology based on the initial sprinkler coordinate set.

[0025] The pipeline topology is used to characterize the connection relationship between each nozzle and the main pipe via branch pipes.

[0026] First, obtain the building space geometry information from the Building Information Modeling (BIM).

[0027] For example, architectural spatial geometric information includes beam grid division data, obstacle distribution data, and floor elevation data. Beam grid division data characterizes the geometric boundaries and spatial extent of each independent area formed by beams within the architectural space. Obstacle distribution data characterizes the spatial location and geometric dimensions of various obstacles (such as beams, columns, pipes, and equipment) that affect sprinkler placement within the architectural space. Floor elevation data characterizes the design elevation and floor height information of each floor of the building.

[0028] Furthermore, the process iterates through each beam grid region in the beam grid division data, determines the obstacle projection range within each beam grid region based on the obstacle distribution data, and determines the region obtained by subtracting the obstacle projection range from the beam grid region as the arrangeable zone corresponding to that beam grid. The arrangeable zone is used to characterize the spatial range in which nozzles can be arranged.

[0029] After determining each deployable zone, grid points are generated within that zone using the rated coverage radius of the sprinkler as the placement step size to serve as candidate sprinkler positions. The rated coverage radius is the maximum radius that a sprinkler can effectively cover under its rated operating pressure; it is the upper limit constraint for sprinkler placement specified in the design code. The placement step size is equal to the rated coverage radius, meaning that grid points are generated along the horizontal and vertical directions within the deployable zone at intervals equal to the rated coverage radius, ensuring that the generated candidate sprinkler positions meet the code's requirements regarding maximum spacing.

[0030] Furthermore, all candidate sprinkler locations are traversed, and spatial interference detection is performed between each candidate sprinkler location and the obstacle distribution data. Candidate sprinkler locations that overlap with or contain obstacle areas recorded in the obstacle distribution data are considered to have interference relationships and are removed from the candidate sprinkler location set. After this removal process, the protected area corresponding to the removed location loses sprinkler coverage, forming a first-type spray coverage blind zone.

[0031] For the remaining candidate sprinkler locations that were not eliminated, although they can be installed normally, the spray water flow may still be blocked by nearby obstacles. Therefore, based on the locations of the remaining candidate sprinkler locations and the obstacle distribution data, a second type of spray coverage blind zone is identified, which is caused by obstacles blocking the spray water curtain.

[0032] After identifying the two types of spray coverage blind spots, candidate sprinkler positions are added to the deployable zone corresponding to each blind spot to eliminate the blind spots. The set of all candidate sprinkler positions after the above elimination and addition process is used as the initial sprinkler coordinate set.

[0033] Furthermore, after obtaining the initial nozzle coordinate set, the pipeline topology is constructed based on this initial nozzle coordinate set.

[0034] Optionally, based on the spatial distribution of the sprinklers in the initial sprinkler coordinate set, the sprinklers are divided into multiple sprinkler groups. The sprinklers within each group are arranged along the same path direction, i.e., along the same beam span or walkway direction. For each sprinkler group, a branch pipe path is generated. This branch pipe path starts from the sprinkler furthest from the main pipe, connects each sprinkler within the group sequentially along the sprinkler arrangement direction, and extends to the main pipe closest to that sprinkler group. The branch pipe path is arranged along the building beams or the inner side of the wall to meet construction feasibility constraints and reduce the occupation of usable building space. The main pipe is a pre-defined main pipeline within the building plan, and its location is determined according to the building structure.

[0035] After generating all branch pipe paths, the initial pipe diameter of each branch pipe is determined based on the number of nozzles connected to it. The more nozzles a branch pipe connects to, the greater the flow rate required to be delivered, and the larger its initial pipe diameter will be. Then, the initial pipe diameter of each main pipe is determined based on the total number of nozzles connected to all branch pipes. The more nozzles a main pipe connects to, the larger its initial pipe diameter will be.

[0036] Finally, based on the coordinates of each sprinkler head, the connection relationship between each sprinkler head and the branch pipes and main pipes, the initial pipe diameter of each branch pipe, and the initial pipe diameter of each main pipe, a pipe network topology is generated. This pipe network topology is used to characterize the connection relationship between each sprinkler head and the main pipe via the branch pipes. The information it contains includes the spatial coordinates of each sprinkler head, the path direction and length of each branch pipe, the position of each main pipe, the connection node relationship between each sprinkler head and the branch pipes and main pipes, the initial pipe diameter of each branch pipe, and the initial pipe diameter of each main pipe.

[0037] For example, such as Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a pipe network topology is shown, including the connection relationships between each sprinkler head and branch and main pipes.

[0038] S102. Perform hydraulic calculations based on the pipeline network topology to determine the node pressure of each nozzle.

[0039] First, determine the equivalent path length from each nozzle to the main pipe. This equivalent path length is used to characterize the hydraulic resistance that the water flow needs to overcome to reach the nozzle from the main pipe. Its value is determined by the pipe geometry and elevation difference.

[0040] Optionally, for each sprinkler head, the geometric length of the pipe along its branch pipe path and main pipe path to the main pipe connection point is obtained, as well as the elevation difference between the elevation of the sprinkler head installation location and the elevation of the main pipe connection point. The absolute value of this elevation difference is the height difference between the sprinkler head and the main pipe in the vertical direction. The product of the absolute value of the elevation difference and a preset elevation conversion factor is summed with the geometric length of the pipe, and the result is determined as the equivalent path length of the sprinkler head. The preset elevation conversion factor is used to convert the head loss per unit elevation difference into the equivalent pipe length. This preset elevation conversion factor is pre-calibrated based on the equivalence relationship between the head loss per unit elevation difference and the head loss per unit pipe length in hydraulic calculations. For example, it can be set to 10, meaning that a 1-meter elevation difference is equivalent to the head loss of a 10-meter pipe length.

[0041] Furthermore, after traversing all nozzles and calculating the equivalent path length of each nozzle, the nozzle corresponding to the maximum equivalent path length is determined as the reference nozzle, and the node pressure of the reference nozzle is determined as the preset minimum working pressure. The reference nozzle is the nozzle with the most unfavorable hydraulic conditions in the pipeline network, that is, the hydraulic resistance that water flow needs to overcome to reach the nozzle from the main pipe is the greatest. Using it as the starting point for hydraulic calculations can ensure that the node pressure of all nozzles is not lower than the minimum working pressure. The preset minimum working pressure is the minimum working pressure value of the nozzle specified in the standard or required by the design. For example, the preset minimum working pressure is 0.05 MPa.

[0042] It should be noted that, due to the tree-like, multi-branched topology of the pipeline network, the main pipe or upstream branch pipe may connect to other sprinkler branches in parallel, in addition to the branch where the reference sprinkler is located. Given only the nodal pressure of the reference sprinkler, the flow rate of the parallel branches cannot be determined, leading to logical interruptions in unidirectional recursion. Therefore, the nodal pressures of all sprinklers except the reference sprinkler are initialized to a preset initial pressure. Starting with the nodal pressure of the reference sprinkler and the preset initial pressures of all sprinklers except the reference sprinkler, the nodal pressure of each sprinkler is determined by iteratively solving the hydraulic balance of the pipeline network. The specific steps of the iterative solution are as follows: The first step is to maintain the node pressure of the reference nozzle at a preset minimum working pressure, which remains constant throughout the iteration. Then, initialize the node pressure of all nozzles except the reference nozzle to a preset initial pressure. The preset initial pressure can be set to the preset minimum working pressure, or another initial value higher than the preset minimum working pressure, such as 0.08 MPa, based on experience.

[0043] The second step is to determine the head loss of each pipe segment based on the current node pressure of each sprinkler. Head loss characterizes the energy loss caused by friction and local resistance when water flows in the pipe. Optionally, the node outflow rate of each sprinkler is calculated based on its current node pressure and flow coefficient; the downstream flow rate of each pipe segment is accumulated segment by segment against the flow direction from the sprinkler at the farthest end of the pipe network to obtain the calculated flow rate of each pipe segment; for each pipe segment, the head loss is determined using a preset head loss calculation method (such as the Hazen-Williams formula) based on its calculated flow rate, geometric length, pipe diameter, and pipe material roughness coefficient.

[0044] The third step is to update the nodal pressure of each sprinkler. First, starting from the reference sprinkler, the nodal pressure is calculated upstream of the main pipe, against the flow direction. For each pipe segment along the path, the nodal pressure of the upstream sprinkler equals the nodal pressure of the downstream sprinkler plus the head loss of that segment. This process continues until the junction of the main pipe and a parallel branch, where the nodal pressure at that junction has already been calculated. Then, using the nodal pressure at that junction as the boundary, the process continues upstream of the parallel branch, against the flow direction. For each pipe segment on the parallel branch, the nodal pressure of the downstream node equals the nodal pressure of the upstream node minus the head loss of that segment. The nodal pressures of each sprinkler on that branch are updated sequentially.

[0045] The fourth step is to determine convergence. Compare the nodal pressure of each nozzle after this update with the nodal pressure of the previous update. If the change in nodal pressure for all nozzles is less than the preset convergence tolerance, the iteration terminates, and the nodal pressure of each nozzle under the current layout is obtained; otherwise, the updated nodal pressure is used as the current nodal pressure, and the iteration returns to the second step. For example, the preset convergence tolerance can be taken as an empirical value of 0.0005 MPa.

[0046] In some embodiments, after iterative convergence, the nodal pressure of each nozzle in the current layout is obtained. To ensure that the actual operating pressure of all nozzles meets the specification requirements, the nodal pressure is verified to be at a minimum value.

[0047] Optionally, the node pressures of all sprinklers are iterated to identify the lowest node pressure. This lowest node pressure is then compared to a preset minimum operating pressure. If the lowest node pressure is less than the preset minimum operating pressure, a pressure offset is calculated, which is equal to the preset minimum operating pressure minus the lowest node pressure. The pressure offset is then added to the node pressures of all sprinklers in the network to obtain the adjusted node pressures for each sprinkler. After this adjustment, the node pressures of all sprinklers are not lower than the preset minimum operating pressure, and the node pressure at the most unfavorable point is equal to the preset minimum operating pressure. If the lowest node pressure is greater than or equal to the preset minimum operating pressure, no adjustment is needed, and the current node pressure is the hydraulic calculation result that meets the requirements.

[0048] S103. For each nozzle, determine a first adjustment amount along the direction perpendicular to the branch pipe based on the required coverage radius and rated coverage radius of the nozzle. Determine a second adjustment amount along the direction of the branch pipe based on the node pressure of the nozzle and the equivalent path length between the nozzle and the main pipe. Adjust the coordinates of the nozzle based on the first adjustment amount and the second adjustment amount to obtain the adjusted coordinates of the nozzle.

[0049] First, determine the first adjustment amount along the direction perpendicular to the branch pipe based on the required coverage radius of the nozzle and the rated coverage radius.

[0050] In some embodiments, for each nozzle, the number of nozzles is... Taking the first nozzle as an example, obtain the first... The set of Euclidean distances corresponding to each nozzle is used, and half of the largest Euclidean distance in the set is determined as the required coverage radius of the nozzle, denoted as . The Euclidean distance set contains the first... The Euclidean distance between each nozzle and each adjacent nozzle, where adjacent nozzles include nozzles on the same branch pipe and nozzles on adjacent branches.

[0051] Optional, if the first The first sprinkler head is the one closest to a certain side wall or area boundary, and the second sprinkler head also needs to be obtained. The required coverage radius is determined by the larger of the vertical distance from each sprinkler head to the sidewall or area boundary and half of the largest Euclidean distance in the set of Euclidean distances. .

[0052] Subsequently, obtain the first The rated coverage radius corresponding to each nozzle The rated coverage radius is a fixed performance parameter calibrated by the nozzle under rated operating pressure, and its value is greater than zero. Furthermore, according to the... The required coverage radius of each nozzle and rated coverage radius Calculate the pressure deficit coefficient, which is used to characterize the pressure deficit coefficient under the current layout. The deviation between the coverage capacity of each sprinkler head and its rated coverage capacity is calculated using the following formula: In the formula, hour, This indicates that the actual coverage required by the nozzle exceeds its rated capacity, and there is a pressure deficit at that nozzle; hour, This indicates that the pressure is relatively high, but the coverage capacity is sufficient.

[0053] It should be noted that the pressure deficit coefficient reflects the deviation between the sprinkler coverage capacity and the rated coverage capacity under the current layout. When the pressure deficit coefficient is greater than zero, it indicates that the actual coverage range of the sprinkler at the current node pressure is insufficient to meet the protection requirements, and the actual operating pressure of the sprinkler needs to be increased. The actual operating pressure of the sprinkler is negatively correlated with the length of the water flow path to the main pipe; that is, the shorter the water flow path, the smaller the head loss along the path, and the higher the node pressure at the sprinkler. The length of the water flow path from the sprinkler to the main pipe is composed of the distance along the branch pipe direction and the projected distance perpendicular to the branch pipe direction. Therefore, by adjusting the projected distance of the sprinkler in the direction perpendicular to the branch pipe direction, the total path length of the water flow to the sprinkler can be changed, thereby adjusting the actual operating pressure of the sprinkler and improving its coverage capacity.

[0054] Then, obtain the current projected distance (not zero) of the nozzle relative to its branch pipe, which is the length of the perpendicular segment from the nozzle coordinates along the branch pipe path. Combine this projected distance with the pressure deficit coefficient. The product of these two factors is determined as the first adjustment amount, denoted as... .when At that time, move towards the direction of the branch pipe. ,when At that time, adjust the nozzle to move away from the branch pipe. .

[0055] Furthermore, based on the nozzle node pressure and the equivalent path length between the nozzle and the main pipe, a second adjustment amount is determined along the branch pipe direction.

[0056] In some embodiments, for each nozzle, the number of nozzles is... Taking the first nozzle as an example, according to the first... The node pressure of the first nozzle and the first The equivalent path length between the nozzle and the main pipe is determined to determine the first... The pressure position characteristics of each nozzle are denoted as... This pressure location feature is used to characterize the pressure change per unit path length.

[0057] Optionally, the first The node pressure of the first nozzle and the first The ratio of the equivalent path length (the equivalent path length is greater than zero) between the nozzle and the main pipe is determined as the ratio of the equivalent path length between the nozzle and the main pipe. Pressure position characteristics of each nozzle .

[0058] Furthermore, in determining the first After determining the pressure position characteristics of all nozzles on the branch pipe to which a given nozzle belongs, calculate its statistical characteristic value, which is the arithmetic mean of the pressure position characteristics of all nozzles on that branch pipe, denoted as . .

[0059] Subsequently, according to the The second adjustment amount is determined based on the distance between each sprinkler head and the main pipe along the branch pipe direction, the pressure position characteristics of the sprinkler head, and statistical characteristic values. The calculation formula is as follows: In the formula, For the first The second adjustment amount corresponding to each nozzle. For the first The distance between each nozzle along the branch pipe and the main pipe For the first Pressure position characteristics of each nozzle For the first Statistical characteristic values ​​of the pressure position characteristics of all nozzles on the branch pipe to which a nozzle belongs. For the first The degree of deviation in pressure distribution of each nozzle inside the branch pipe, when When, it indicates the first If the pressure of a sprinkler head per unit path length is higher than the average level of the branch pipe, the sprinkler head is relatively "close" (pressure is too high) on the branch pipe and should be moved away from the main pipe; when When the pressure is too low and the location is relatively "far away", it should be moved closer to the main pipe.

[0060] It needs to be explained that, in When the value is zero, it is not included in the above calculations, thus determining the first... The second adjustment value for all nozzles on the branch pipe to which each nozzle belongs is zero.

[0061] Furthermore, after determining the first adjustment amount and the second adjustment amount respectively, the coordinates of the nozzle are adjusted based on the first adjustment amount and the second adjustment amount.

[0062] Among them, when When there is a pressure deficiency, adjust the nozzle to move it towards the branch pipe by the first adjustment amount. The absolute value, to shorten the water flow path and increase actual working pressure; when When the pressure is too high, adjust the nozzle to move it away from the branch pipe by the first adjustment amount. The absolute value of the value is used to increase the path length and reduce pressure.

[0063] when When the pressure is too high, adjust the nozzle to move it away from the main pipe by the second adjustment amount. The absolute value of, to increase path length and reduce pressure; when When the pressure is too low, adjust the nozzle to move it closer to the main pipe by the second adjustment amount. The absolute value is used to shorten the water flow path and increase the actual working pressure.

[0064] The adjusted values ​​in both directions are combined to obtain the coordinates of the nozzle after adjustment.

[0065] It should be noted that when updating the coordinates of the sprinkler head, if the distance moved towards the branch pipe is greater than or equal to the difference between the current projected distance of the sprinkler head relative to its branch pipe and the preset safety tolerance (e.g., 0.05 meters), the coordinates will be truncated to a position at a distance from the preset safety tolerance of the branch pipe; if the distance moved towards the main pipe is greater than or equal to the difference between the distance between the sprinkler head and the main pipe along the branch pipe direction and the preset safety tolerance, the coordinates will be truncated to a position at a distance from the preset safety tolerance of the main pipe.

[0066] Finally, the spatial feasibility of the adjusted nozzle coordinates is verified, including geometric boundary verification and minimum spacing verification.

[0067] During geometric boundary checks, it is determined whether the adjusted coordinates of the sprinkler exceed the boundary of the deployable zone corresponding to the beam grid to which the sprinkler belongs. If the adjusted coordinates of the sprinkler exceed the boundary of the deployable zone, the system truncates the adjusted coordinates to the boundary limit. For example, the coordinate components exceeding the boundary are adjusted to the boundary values ​​in that direction to ensure that the adjusted sprinkler coordinates always remain within the deployable zone.

[0068] When performing the minimum spacing test, calculate the distance between the adjusted sprinkler head coordinates and the distance between adjacent sprinklers. Determine if this distance is less than the preset minimum spacing. The preset minimum spacing is the minimum distance that sprinklers should maintain as specified in the design specifications. It is a technical constraint to ensure that the sprinkler spray coverage does not overlap or interfere with each other. For example, a value of 2.4 meters can be taken.

[0069] If the distance between the adjusted coordinates of the nozzle and its adjacent nozzle is less than the preset minimum distance, the nozzle is moved along the line connecting the nozzle and its adjacent nozzle to a position that meets the preset minimum distance requirement. For example, it is moved back in the opposite direction of the line until the distance between the nozzle and its adjacent nozzle is equal to the preset minimum distance.

[0070] S104. If the coordinates of all nozzles after adjustment do not meet the preset convergence condition, perform the next iteration based on the coordinates of all nozzles after adjustment until the preset convergence condition is met.

[0071] The preset convergence conditions include: the required coverage radius of the nozzle does not exceed the rated coverage radius, and the deviation between the pressure position characteristics of the nozzle and the statistical characteristic values ​​of the pressure position characteristics of all nozzles on the branch pipe is less than a preset threshold (such as any value between 5% and 10%); or, the number of iterations reaches the preset maximum number of iterations (such as 10 times).

[0072] Optionally, all sprinklers are traversed, and based on the adjusted coordinates of each sprinkler determined in the current iteration, the required coverage radius and pressure position characteristics of each sprinkler are determined. Then, a judgment is made: if the required coverage radius of at least one sprinkler exceeds the rated coverage radius, or the deviation between the pressure position characteristics of at least one sprinkler and the statistical characteristic value of the pressure position characteristics of all sprinklers on its branch pipe is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, or the current iteration number has not reached the preset maximum iteration number, it is determined that the preset convergence condition is not met. In this case, the adjusted coordinates of all sprinklers are used as input for a new iteration, and the steps of constructing the pipe network topology, hydraulic calculation, determining node pressure, and determining the first and second adjustment amounts are re-executed to obtain the corrected sprinkler coordinates for the next iteration. The convergence condition is then judged again until the adjusted coordinates of all sprinklers meet the preset convergence condition.

[0073] S105. If the coordinates of all nozzles after adjustment meet the preset convergence conditions, output the optimized nozzle coordinate set and the hydraulic parameters of the pipeline network.

[0074] In some embodiments, all sprinklers are traversed, and if the adjusted coordinates of all sprinklers satisfy a preset convergence condition, the adjusted coordinates of the sprinklers obtained in the current round are used as the optimized sprinkler coordinate set. Then, based on the network topology corresponding to this optimized sprinkler coordinate set and the latest round of hydraulic calculation results, the network hydraulic parameters are output. The network hydraulic parameters include the nodal pressure of each sprinkler, the equivalent path length from each sprinkler to the main pipe, the head loss of each pipe segment, the pipe diameter of each pipe segment, and the number of downstream sprinklers supported by each pipe segment.

[0075] Understandably, in the hydraulic feedback-based sprinkler system layout optimization method provided in this invention embodiment, the sprinkler layout and pipe network hydraulic calculation are transformed from the traditional serial separation mode to a collaborative iterative mode based on hydraulic feedback, systematically improving design quality and efficiency. In the initial layout stage, an initial sprinkler coordinate set is generated based on building spatial geometric information, and a pipe network topology is constructed, so that the sprinkler arrangement and pipe network connection relationship form a complete initial scheme in space. In the hydraulic calculation stage, the nodal pressure of each sprinkler is determined based on the pipe network topology, transforming the geometric layout into quantifiable hydraulic performance data. In the adjustment stage, for each sprinkler, a first adjustment amount perpendicular to the branch pipe direction is determined based on the comparison between its coverage requirements and rated coverage capacity, and a second adjustment amount along the branch pipe direction is determined based on the relationship between its nodal pressure and equivalent path length, quantitatively correcting the sprinkler coordinates from two dimensions: coverage sufficiency and branch pipe pressure balance. In the convergence stage, a preset convergence condition is used as the termination criterion, and the iteratively optimized sprinkler coordinate set and pipe network hydraulic parameters are output. This ensures that the adjustment of the sprinkler layout is always guided by clear hydraulic feedback, avoiding the inefficient mode of repeated trial and error relying on manual experience in traditional methods. It can simultaneously optimize the protection coverage of each sprinkler and the pressure distribution balance inside the branch pipe, ultimately obtaining a globally optimized design scheme that takes into account the effectiveness of fire protection coverage, the hydraulic reliability of the system, and the economic efficiency of the project.

[0076] It should be noted that the order of the above embodiments of the present invention is merely for descriptive purposes and does not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments. The processes depicted in the accompanying drawings do not necessarily require a specific or sequential order to achieve the desired result. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0077] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the layout of a sprinkler water supply and drainage system based on hydraulic feedback, characterized in that, The method includes: An initial set of sprinkler coordinates is generated based on the building space geometry information, and a pipe network topology is constructed based on the initial set of sprinkler coordinates. The pipe network topology is used to characterize the connection relationship between each sprinkler and the main pipe via branch pipes. Hydraulic calculations are performed based on the pipeline network topology to determine the nodal pressure of each nozzle; For each nozzle, obtain the set of Euclidean distances corresponding to the nozzle. The set of Euclidean distances includes the Euclidean distances between the nozzle and each adjacent nozzle. The adjacent nozzles include nozzles on the same branch pipe and nozzles on adjacent branches. The required coverage radius of the nozzle is determined by half of the maximum Euclidean distance in the set of Euclidean distances. Based on the required coverage radius and rated coverage radius of the nozzle, a pressure deficit coefficient is determined. The pressure deficit coefficient is used to characterize the degree of deviation between the current coverage capacity and the rated coverage capacity of the nozzle. Based on the projected distance between the nozzle and the branch pipe and the pressure deficit coefficient, a first adjustment amount is determined along the direction perpendicular to the branch pipe. The pressure position characteristics of the nozzle are determined based on the node pressure of the nozzle and the equivalent path length between the nozzle and the main pipe. The pressure position characteristics are used to characterize the pressure change per unit path length. Determine the statistical characteristic values ​​of the pressure position characteristics of all nozzles on the branch pipe to which the nozzle belongs; Based on the distance between the nozzle and the main pipe along the branch pipe direction, the pressure position characteristics of the nozzle, and the statistical characteristic value, a second adjustment amount along the branch pipe direction is determined. Adjust the projection distance of the nozzle in the direction perpendicular to the branch pipe according to the first adjustment amount; Based on the second adjustment amount, adjust the distance between the nozzle and the main pipe along the branch pipe direction to obtain the adjusted coordinates of the nozzle; If the adjusted coordinates of the nozzle exceed the boundary of the deployable zone corresponding to the beam grid to which the nozzle belongs, the adjusted coordinates of the nozzle will be truncated to the boundary limit. If the distance between the adjusted coordinates of the nozzle and the adjacent nozzle is less than a preset minimum distance, the nozzle is moved along the line connecting the nozzle and the adjacent nozzle to a position that meets the preset minimum distance requirement. If the coordinates of all nozzles after adjustment do not meet the preset convergence condition, the next iteration is performed based on the coordinates of all nozzles after adjustment until the preset convergence condition is met. If the coordinates of all adjusted nozzles meet the preset convergence conditions, the optimized nozzle coordinate set and pipeline hydraulic parameters are output.

2. The method for optimizing the layout of a sprinkler water supply and drainage system based on hydraulic feedback according to claim 1, characterized in that, An initial set of sprinkler coordinates is generated based on the building's spatial geometry, including: The arrangeable zone is determined based on the beam grid division data in the building space geometry information. The arrangeable zone is used to characterize the spatial range in which sprinklers can be arranged. Within the deployable zone, grid points are generated as candidate nozzle positions with the rated coverage radius of the nozzle as the placement step size; Candidate nozzle positions that interfere with the obstacle distribution data in the architectural space geometry are eliminated; Based on the remaining candidate nozzle positions and the obstacle distribution data, spray coverage blind spots are determined, and candidate nozzle positions are added within the deployable zone corresponding to the spray coverage blind spots to generate the initial nozzle coordinate set.

3. The method for optimizing the layout of a sprinkler water supply and drainage system based on hydraulic feedback according to claim 1, characterized in that, Constructing the pipeline topology based on the initial nozzle coordinate set includes: Based on the spatial distribution of each nozzle in the initial nozzle coordinate set, the nozzles are divided into multiple nozzle groups, and the nozzles in each nozzle group are arranged along the same path direction. For each nozzle group, a branch pipe path is generated. The branch pipe path connects each nozzle in the nozzle group in sequence and extends to the main pipe closest to the nozzle group. The branch pipe path is arranged along the building beam or against the wall. The initial diameter of the branch pipe is determined based on the number of nozzles connected to each branch pipe; the initial diameter of the main pipe is determined based on the total number of nozzles connected to each branch pipe of each main pipe. The pipeline topology is generated based on the coordinates of each nozzle, the connection relationship between each nozzle and the branch pipes and main pipes, the initial pipe diameter of each branch pipe, and the initial pipe diameter of each main pipe.

4. The method for optimizing the layout of a sprinkler water supply and drainage system based on hydraulic feedback according to claim 1, characterized in that, Hydraulic calculations are performed based on the aforementioned pipe network topology to determine the nodal pressure of each sprinkler head, including: Determine the equivalent path length from each nozzle to the main pipe, whereby the equivalent path length is used to characterize the hydraulic resistance that water flow needs to overcome to reach the nozzle from the main pipe. The nozzle corresponding to the maximum equivalent path length is determined as the reference nozzle, and the node pressure of the reference nozzle is determined as the preset minimum working pressure. The node pressure of each nozzle, except for the reference nozzle, is initialized to a preset initial pressure. The node pressure of each nozzle is determined by iteratively solving the hydraulic balance of the pipeline network.

5. The method for optimizing the layout of a sprinkler water supply and drainage system based on hydraulic feedback according to claim 4, characterized in that, By iteratively solving the hydraulic balance of the pipe network, the nodal pressure of each sprinkler head is determined, including: Based on the current node pressure of each nozzle, the head loss of each pipe section is determined. The head loss is used to characterize the energy loss caused by friction and local resistance when water flows in the pipe. Starting from the reference nozzle and moving against the flow direction, the node pressure of each nozzle along the way is updated based on the node pressure of the downstream nozzle and the head loss of the pipe section, until the starting point of the main pipe is reached. For parallel branches that intersect with the main pipe, the nodal pressure of each nozzle on the parallel branch is updated along the water flow direction, with the calculated pressure at the intersection point as the boundary. Repeat the process of determining head loss and updating node pressure until the node pressure changes of each nozzle meet the preset convergence tolerance.

6. The method for optimizing the layout of a sprinkler water supply and drainage system based on hydraulic feedback according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset convergence conditions include: The required coverage radius of the nozzle does not exceed the rated coverage radius, and the deviation between the pressure position characteristics of the nozzle and the statistical characteristic values ​​of the pressure position characteristics of all nozzles on the branch pipe is less than a preset threshold. Alternatively, the number of iterations reaches the preset maximum number of iterations.

7. The method for optimizing the layout of a sprinkler water supply and drainage system based on hydraulic feedback according to claim 5, characterized in that, The method further includes: Determine the lowest node pressure among all nozzle node pressures; When the minimum node pressure is less than the preset minimum working pressure, a pressure offset is added to the node pressure of each nozzle, and the pressure offset is the difference between the preset minimum working pressure and the minimum node pressure.

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