A method and system for dam partition temperature control

Abstract

This application provides a method and system for zoned temperature control in dam construction, relating to the field of dam casting temperature control technology. The method includes: dividing the target casting layer of the target dam section into key temperature control zones, with the zone types including at least a foundation-constrained zone and a zone unconstrained by the foundation; determining corresponding temperature control indicators based on the zone type of the target casting layer, including at least the design maximum and minimum allowable temperatures and a crack resistance safety factor; performing casting cooling simulation on the target casting layer in a constructed finite element model based on the casting temperature control strategy; comparing the simulation results corresponding to the casting temperature control strategy with the temperature control indicators of the target casting layer to obtain corresponding comparison results; adjusting the casting temperature control strategy based on the comparison results, and re-simulating based on the adjusted casting temperature control strategy until the simulation results meet the temperature control indicators of the target casting layer. The aim is to improve the adaptability and engineering practicality of the casting temperature control strategy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of temperature control technology for dam construction, specifically to a method and system for zoned temperature control of a dam. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, simulation methods for optimizing dam temperature control indicators mainly focus on improving the accuracy of temperature field calculations, controlling temperature control costs, or adapting to single operating conditions. These methods often employ simplified finite element modeling, treating a single dam block or a portion of the area as the simulation object, ultimately leading to discrepancies between simulation results and actual construction conditions. Furthermore, temperature control indicators are often standardized or static values ​​defined by construction stages, failing to be adapted to the structural characteristics of the dam section, resulting in insufficient adaptability. The accompanying temperature control measures are also primarily based on general designs, leading to practical limitations in some technical solutions. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, this application provides a method and system for zoned temperature control of a dam. It aims to solve or partially solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0004] The first aspect of this application provides a method for zoned temperature control of a dam, the method comprising: Construct finite element models of each section of the dam; Based on the strength of concrete confinement, structural stress characteristics and temperature control risk level, the target pouring layer of the target dam section is divided into key temperature control zones for the dam body. The zone types include at least the foundation-constrained zone and the zone free from foundation confinement. Based on the zoning type of the target pouring layer, the corresponding temperature control index is determined. The temperature control index includes at least the maximum allowable temperature, the minimum allowable temperature, and the crack resistance safety factor. Based on the pouring temperature control strategy, the pouring cooling simulation of the target pouring layer in the finite element model is performed to obtain the corresponding simulation results. The simulation results corresponding to the pouring temperature control strategy are compared with the temperature control index of the target pouring layer to obtain the corresponding comparison results. Based on the comparison results, the pouring temperature control strategy is adjusted, and the simulation is repeated based on the adjusted pouring temperature control strategy until the simulation results meet the temperature control index of the target pouring layer.

[0005] A second aspect of this application provides a system for zoned temperature control of a dam, the system comprising: The model building module is used to build finite element models of each section of the dam. The dam body zoning module is used to perform key dam body temperature control zoning of the target pouring layer of the target dam section based on the strength of concrete constraint, structural stress characteristics and temperature control risk level. The zoning types include at least the foundation constraint zone and the zone free from foundation constraint. The temperature control index setting module is used to determine the corresponding temperature control index according to the zoning type of the target pouring layer. The temperature control index includes at least the maximum allowable temperature, the minimum allowable temperature, and the crack resistance safety factor. The simulation module is used to perform pouring cooling simulation on the target pouring layer in the finite element model based on the pouring temperature control strategy, and obtain the corresponding simulation results. The comparison module is used to compare the simulation results corresponding to the pouring temperature control strategy with the temperature control index of the target pouring layer to obtain the corresponding comparison results. The strategy adjustment module is used to adjust the pouring temperature control strategy according to the comparison results, and to re-simulate based on the adjusted pouring temperature control strategy until the simulation results meet the temperature control index of the target pouring layer.

[0006] The method for zoned temperature control of a dam provided in this application has the following advantages: The method for zoned temperature control of a dam provided in this application first constructs a finite element model of each dam section; based on the strength of concrete constraint, structural stress characteristics, and temperature control risk level, the target pouring layer of the target dam section is divided into key temperature control zones, with the zone types including at least a foundation-constrained zone and a zone unconstrained by the foundation; for each zone type of the target pouring layer, corresponding temperature control indicators are set, including at least the design maximum allowable temperature, the design minimum allowable temperature, and a crack resistance safety factor; based on the pouring temperature control strategy, pouring cooling simulation is performed on the target pouring layer in the finite element model to obtain the corresponding simulation results; the simulation results corresponding to the pouring temperature control strategy are compared with the temperature control indicators of the target pouring layer to obtain the corresponding comparison results; based on the comparison results, the pouring temperature control strategy is adjusted, and the simulation is re-performed based on the adjusted pouring temperature control strategy until the obtained simulation results meet the temperature control indicators of the target pouring layer. The proposed solution first divides the dam section to be poured into key temperature control zones (such as the foundation constraint zone, the zone free from foundation constraint, the orifice zone, and the foundation constraint zone of the steep slope dam section). Temperature control indicators are adaptively set for different zone types. At the same time, a triple differentiated control index of "maximum temperature + minimum temperature + crack resistance safety factor" is proposed to establish a linkage relationship between "temperature control index - temperature stress crack resistance" (subsequent implementation methods also include transverse joint opening ≥ 0.5 mm). This achieves the dual core requirements of crack resistance and grouting, and improves the adaptability and engineering practicality of the solution. Attached Figure Description

[0007] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments of this application will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0008] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for zoned temperature control of a dam, as shown in one embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the basic constraint zone and the zone free from basic constraint in a method for zonal temperature control of a dam, as shown in one embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the zoning of temperature gradients in the dam section cooling system, as shown in one embodiment of this application. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a dam zone temperature control system according to one embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0009] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0010] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for zoned temperature control of a dam, as shown in one embodiment of this application. Figure 1 As shown, the method includes: Step S101: Construct finite element models of each section of the dam.

[0011] In this embodiment, finite element models of each section of the dam are first constructed, and the specific construction method is as follows: First, finite element models of each section of the dam are established, and a coordinate system is defined. One possible implementation is that the X-axis is along the river, the Y-axis is vertical, and the Z-axis is the dam axis. The number of meshes in this finite element model is determined after simplification and optimization based on a balance between the structural dimensions of the dam sections, the accuracy requirements of the simulation calculation, and computational efficiency. This ensures that the model accurately reflects the distribution of the temperature and stress fields in the dam body.

[0012] Then, the thermal and constraint boundaries of the finite element model are set: the upstream and downstream surfaces and the pouring surface are heat dissipation surfaces, and all other surfaces (i.e., all surfaces except the upstream and downstream surfaces and the pouring surface, including transverse joint surfaces, overflow surfaces, etc.) are insulation surfaces. The bottom of the foundation is fully constrained, and the four sides of the foundation are normal constraints. During the simulation, meteorological parameters corresponding to the time are input, including: pouring start date, dam site air temperature, pouring temperature, pouring layer thickness, horizontal and vertical water pipe spacing, initial water temperature, mid-term water temperature, late-term water temperature, upstream and downstream insulation, etc., as the environmental temperature basis for temperature stress simulation. The monthly average air temperature at the dam site is fitted with a cosine function, and insulation layers are installed on the upstream and downstream surfaces (2 W / m² for the upstream). 2 .℃, downstream is taken as 3W / m 2 .℃).

[0013] After completing the finite element model of each dam section and setting the corresponding thermal and constraint boundaries, the corresponding finite element model of each dam section that can be used for simulation is obtained. A dam section is an independent vertical block cut along the dam's axis (lateral direction). This application constructs the finite element model by dam section, and the finite element models of all dam sections constitute the finite element model of the entire dam. During pouring, pouring is carried out on a specific height layer (e.g., 90 meters to 93 meters) within a dam section. It should be noted that pouring may be carried out simultaneously on different height layers of different dam sections. For example, pouring is being carried out on the 90m to 93m height layer of the third dam section, while pouring is being carried out on the 93m to 96m height layer of the eighth dam section.

[0014] Step S102: Based on the strength of concrete confinement, structural stress characteristics and temperature control risk level, the target pouring layer of the target dam section is divided into key temperature control zones for the dam body. The zone types include at least the foundation-constrained zone and the zone free from foundation confinement.

[0015] In this embodiment, the current pouring layer (such as a pouring layer from 90 meters to 93 meters) in the current dam section to be poured is referred to as the target pouring layer of the target dam section. First, this application predefines at least two zoning types: a foundation-constrained zone and a zone unconstrained by the foundation, such as... Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2The diagram schematically illustrates the locations of the foundation-constrained zone and the unconstrained zone of the dam. First, based on the strength of concrete confinement, structural stress characteristics, and temperature control risk level, the target pouring layer of the target dam section is divided into key temperature control zones, yielding the corresponding zoning results. For ease of description, the target pouring layer mentioned below refers to the target pouring layer of the target dam section. The zoning results record whether the target pouring layer is specifically within the foundation-constrained zone or the unconstrained zone. If, based on the strength of concrete confinement, structural stress characteristics, and temperature control risk level, the target pouring layer is determined to be a strongly confined and crack-prone area, then it is determined to belong to the foundation-constrained zone; if, based on the strength of concrete confinement, structural stress characteristics, and temperature control risk level, the target pouring layer is determined to be a weakly confined and low-stress area, then it is determined to belong to the unconstrained zone.

[0016] Step S103: Determine the corresponding temperature control index according to the zoning type of the target pouring layer. The temperature control index includes at least the maximum allowable temperature, the minimum allowable temperature, and the crack resistance safety factor.

[0017] In this embodiment, this application defines at least three temperature control indicators, including: the maximum allowable design temperature, the minimum allowable design temperature, and the crack resistance safety factor. The settings of these temperature control indicators differ for different zone types. A preferred setting is as follows: For foundation-constrained zones with high restraint strength, susceptibility to high-temperature seasons, and high stress levels, the maximum allowable design temperature is controlled between 25°C and 26°C, the minimum allowable design temperature must not be lower than 24°C, and the crack resistance safety factor is set to a value not lower than 2.0; for foundation-detached zones with weaker restraint and lower temperature stress, the maximum allowable design temperature is controlled between 27°C and 29°C, the minimum allowable design temperature must not be lower than 26°C, and the crack resistance safety factor is set to not lower than 2.9.

[0018] Based on the specific partition type of the target pouring layer determined in step S102, the values ​​of each temperature control index corresponding to the partition type are obtained.

[0019] Step S104: Based on the pouring temperature control strategy, perform pouring cooling simulation on the target pouring layer in the finite element model to obtain the corresponding simulation results.

[0020] In this embodiment, based on a pre-set pouring temperature control strategy, a pouring cooling simulation is performed on the target pouring layer in the finite element model to obtain the corresponding simulation results. These simulation results include at least the highest temperature of the target pouring layer during the pouring temperature control process and the actual crack resistance safety factor.

[0021] Step S105: Compare the simulation results corresponding to the pouring temperature control strategy with the temperature control index of the target pouring layer to obtain the corresponding comparison results.

[0022] In this embodiment, the highest temperature in the simulation results for the target cast-in-place layer is compared with the maximum and minimum design allowable temperatures in the corresponding temperature control parameters. If the highest temperature falls between these two temperatures, the casting cooling meets the temperature control requirements. Simultaneously, the actual crack resistance safety factor in the simulation results for the target cast-in-place layer is compared with the crack resistance safety factor in the corresponding temperature control parameters. If the actual crack resistance safety factor is greater than the crack resistance safety factor in the corresponding temperature control parameters, the casting cooling is determined to meet the crack resistance requirements.

[0023] Step S106: Based on the comparison results, adjust the pouring temperature control strategy and re-simulate based on the adjusted pouring temperature control strategy until the simulation results meet the temperature control index of the target pouring layer.

[0024] In this embodiment, if the simulation results of the target pouring layer simultaneously meet both temperature control and crack resistance requirements, then the simulation results are determined to meet the temperature control index of the target pouring layer. The current pouring temperature control strategy is then used to guide the pouring and cooling construction of the target pouring layer. However, if either requirement cannot be met (e.g., temperature control requirement not met, and / or crack resistance requirement not met), the current pouring temperature control strategy is adjusted accordingly. Based on the adjusted pouring temperature control strategy, the simulation is re-performed, and the simulation results are re-determined to meet the above two requirements. This process is repeated until the simulation results corresponding to a certain round of adjusted pouring temperature control strategy meet the above two requirements. At this point, the latest pouring temperature control strategy is used to guide the pouring and cooling construction of the target pouring layer. The adjustment of the pouring temperature control strategy mainly involves two aspects: adjusting the values ​​of the maximum and minimum allowable temperatures, and adjusting the cooling parameters during the cooling process (such as the flow rate of cooling water, the temperature of cooling water, and the cooling time).

[0025] The method for zoned temperature control of a dam provided in this application first constructs a finite element model of each dam section; based on the strength of concrete constraint, structural stress characteristics, and temperature control risk level, the target pouring layer of the target dam section is divided into key temperature control zones, with the zone types including at least a foundation-constrained zone and a zone unconstrained by the foundation; for each zone type of the target pouring layer, corresponding temperature control indicators are set, including at least the design maximum allowable temperature, the design minimum allowable temperature, and a crack resistance safety factor; based on the pouring temperature control strategy, pouring cooling simulation is performed on the target pouring layer in the finite element model to obtain the corresponding simulation results; the simulation results corresponding to the pouring temperature control strategy are compared with the temperature control indicators of the target pouring layer to obtain the corresponding comparison results; based on the comparison results, the pouring temperature control strategy is adjusted, and the simulation is re-performed based on the adjusted pouring temperature control strategy until the obtained simulation results meet the temperature control indicators of the target pouring layer. The proposed solution first divides the dam section to be poured into key temperature control zones (such as the foundation constraint zone, the zone free from foundation constraint, the orifice zone, and the foundation constraint zone of the steep slope dam section). Temperature control indicators are adaptively set for different zone types. At the same time, a triple differentiated control index of "maximum temperature + minimum temperature + crack resistance safety factor" is proposed to establish a linkage relationship between "temperature control index - temperature stress crack resistance" (subsequent implementation methods also include transverse joint opening (≥0.5mm)). This achieves the dual core requirements of crack resistance and grouting, and improves the adaptability and engineering practicality of the solution.

[0026] In conjunction with the above embodiments, in one implementation, this application also provides a method for zoned temperature control of a dam. In this method, the pouring strategy in the pouring temperature control strategy includes: Step S01_a: Set the pouring thickness of the pouring layer to the first thickness.

[0027] Step S02_a: In the initial stage of pouring, based on the temperature control standard for medium-heat cement, the temperature at the inlet is controlled as the first temperature, and the highest temperature under continuous water flow is controlled as the first temperature range.

[0028] Step S03_a: In the later stages of pouring, based on the adiabatic temperature rise characteristics of low-heat silicate cement, the day shift inlet temperature is controlled as the second temperature, and the night shift inlet temperature is controlled as the third temperature, wherein the second temperature is less than the third temperature; when the zoning type is the basic constraint zone, the pouring temperature is controlled as the second temperature range; when the zoning type is the detached basic constraint zone, the pouring temperature is controlled as the third temperature range, wherein the lowest temperature value of the third temperature range is greater than or equal to the highest temperature value of the second temperature range.

[0029] In this embodiment, a new casting temperature control strategy adopted in this application is described as follows: First, the thickness of the pouring layer is set to a uniform first thickness (that is, only the first thickness is poured for any target pouring layer) to ensure uniform heat dissipation of the concrete. The preferred first thickness is 3.0m.

[0030] In the initial stage of pouring, specifically for the first two to three sections of the dam, based on the temperature control standard for medium-heat cement, the temperature at the pouring nozzle is controlled as the first temperature, and the highest temperature under continuous water flow is controlled as the first temperature range. Preferably, this first temperature is 7℃, and the first temperature range is preferably 22℃ to 23℃.

[0031] In the later stages of pouring, that is, after the initial stage, based on the low adiabatic temperature rise characteristic of low-heat silicate cement, the daytime machine inlet temperature is controlled as the second temperature, and the nighttime machine inlet temperature is controlled as the third temperature, with the second temperature being lower than the third temperature. When the zoning type is a foundation-constrained zone, the pouring temperature is controlled within the second temperature range; when the zoning type is a zone free from foundation constraints, the pouring temperature is controlled within the third temperature range, where the lowest temperature value of the third temperature range is greater than or equal to the highest temperature value of the second temperature range. Preferably, the second temperature is 12℃, the third temperature is 14℃, the second temperature range is preferably 16℃ to 18℃, and the third temperature range is preferably 18℃ to 20℃. For steep slope dam sections and in low-temperature seasons, the pouring temperature can be lowered to 12~14℃ as needed.

[0032] This application leverages the low thermal temperature rise characteristic of low-heat silicate cement to differentiate the pouring temperature (16~18℃ in the foundation confinement zone and 18~20℃ in the unconstrained zone) and surface insulation (2W / (m² upstream)). ℃), downstream 3W / (m²) (℃), to avoid temperature control failure caused by mismatch between temperature control parameters and material properties.

[0033] In conjunction with the above embodiments, in one implementation, this application also provides a method for zoned temperature control of a dam. In this method, the temperature control strategy in the pouring temperature control strategy includes: Step S01_b: The spacing of the cooling water pipes is arranged according to the preset spacing rules to completely cover the pouring area.

[0034] Step S02_b: For any cooling layer where cooling water pipes are deployed, the poured concrete is cooled and cooled in multiple cooling periods, including an initial cooling period, a middle cooling period, and a later cooling period.

[0035] Step S03_b: Based on the cooling period of the target cast-in-place layer, adopt the corresponding cooling strategy to carry out water cooling until the cooling temperature reaches the target temperature for the end of water cooling corresponding to the current cooling period. Then, enter the next cooling period to continue cooling, or, if the cooling of the later cooling period has been completed, end the cooling. During the water cooling process, the direction of the cooling water flow is changed every preset time interval. The current target temperature for the end of water cooling is determined based on the current cooling period of the target cast-in-place layer and the high-level dam where the cooling layer is located.

[0036] In this embodiment, the cooling water pipes are arranged according to a preset spacing rule, completely covering the pouring area. The entire dam is arranged with cooling water pipes according to this preset spacing rule. The preferred preset spacing rule is 1.5m × 1.5m (horizontal × vertical). For the arranged cooling water pipes, there are clear cooling layers, that is, water pipes at the same height form a corresponding cooling layer. For a cooling layer, the poured concrete is cooled and cooled in multiple cooling periods, including an initial cooling period, a middle cooling period, and a late cooling period.

[0037] Different cooling strategies are adopted for different cooling periods. Each cooling period has a corresponding target temperature for the end of water flow. For example, when the target pouring layer is in the initial cooling period, it is determined whether the target temperature for the end of water flow for the initial cooling period has been reached. If it has been reached, the initial cooling period ends and the cooling treatment is included in the intermediate cooling period.

[0038] Since the simulation focuses on the target cast-in-place layer, the cooling process of the target cast-in-place layer will be described. First, the current cooling period of the target cast-in-place layer is determined (e.g., initial cooling period, intermediate cooling period, or late cooling period). Based on the current cooling period, a cooling strategy corresponding to that period is adopted for water cooling (e.g., if the current cooling period is the initial cooling period, the cooling strategy corresponding to the initial cooling period is adopted), until the cooling temperature within that corresponding cooling period reaches the target temperature at the end of water cooling for the current cooling period. Then, the next cooling period begins (e.g., if the previous cooling period was the initial cooling period, and the target cast-in-place layer reaches the target temperature at the end of water cooling for the initial cooling period, the intermediate cooling period continues to cool the target cast-in-place layer). If the current cooling period is already the late cooling period, and the temperature has been controlled to the target temperature at the end of water cooling for that late cooling period, then the cooling of the target cast-in-place layer ends.

[0039] In this process, regardless of the cooling period, the direction of the cooling water flow is changed every preset time interval (preferably 24 hours). That is, whether in the initial, middle, or later stages of the water flow, the direction of the cooling water flow changes every preset time interval. The current target temperature at the end of the water flow for the cooling layer is determined based on the current cooling period of the target pouring layer and the height of the dam where the cooling layer is located. In other words, the current target temperature at the end of the water flow for the target pouring layer is related not only to whether it is currently in the initial, middle, or late cooling period, but also to the height of the dam where the target pouring layer is located.

[0040] In one optional implementation, this application pre-establishes a mapping table between the target temperature at the end of water flow and each cooling period (i.e., initial cooling period, intermediate cooling period, and late cooling period) and the dam height layer. Based on the dam height layer where the target pouring layer is located and the specific cooling period currently in which it is, the corresponding target temperature at the end of water flow can be obtained by looking up the table.

[0041] In conjunction with the above embodiments, in one implementation, this application also provides a method for zoned temperature control of a dam. In this method, the zoned types further include orifice zones and foundation constraint zones for steep slope dam sections; When the zoning type is the foundation constraint zone of a steep slope dam section, the pouring temperature is controlled to be the fourth temperature range, where the highest temperature value of the fourth temperature range is less than the lowest temperature value of the second temperature range. When the partition type is the orifice zone, the pouring temperature is controlled to the fifth temperature range. The highest temperature value of the fifth temperature range is the same as the highest temperature value of the second temperature range, and the lowest temperature value of the fifth temperature range is greater than the lowest temperature value of the second temperature range.

[0042] In this embodiment, due to the complex structure and high pouring temperature in the orifice area of ​​the dam, the maximum tensile stress is prone to exceed the limit, while the foundation constraint zone of the steep slope dam section is large and strongly constrained. These are two key areas in the dam. In order to better control the pouring temperature of the dam, the zoning type of this application also includes the orifice area and the foundation constraint zone of the steep slope dam section.

[0043] For the orifice area and the foundation constraint area of ​​the steep slope dam section, this application also sets corresponding temperature control indicators for these two types of zoning. A preferred setting method is as follows: for the zoning type of foundation constraint area of ​​the steep slope dam section with a large constraint range and high surface stress, this application controls the maximum allowable temperature to be between 25℃ and 26℃, the minimum allowable temperature to be no less than 24℃, and the crack resistance safety factor to be no less than 2.0; the maximum allowable temperature for its surface area is controlled at 25℃ and below, the minimum allowable temperature for its surface area is no less than 24℃, and the crack resistance safety factor to be no less than 2.1.

[0044] For orifice areas with complex structures, stress concentration, and high cracking risk, this application sets the maximum allowable temperature at 29℃ and the minimum allowable temperature at no less than 26℃, with a crack resistance safety factor of no less than 2.2. The general control requirement for the entire dam is that the maximum concrete temperature should not exceed 27℃ (except for special areas, such as the aforementioned areas outside the foundation constraint zone, where the maximum allowable temperature is controlled at 27–29℃), ensuring that temperature stress and transverse joint opening meet the standards in a coordinated manner.

[0045] In this embodiment, for the two types of zoning—the orifice area and the foundation constraint area of ​​the steep slope dam section—there are corresponding pouring operations in the pouring strategy, as follows: When the zoning type is a steep slope dam section foundation constraint zone, the pouring temperature is controlled within a fourth temperature range, where the highest temperature value of the fourth temperature range is less than the lowest temperature value of the second temperature range. Preferably, this fourth temperature range is 12~14℃.

[0046] When the zoning type is the orifice zone, the pouring temperature is controlled within a fifth temperature range. The highest temperature value of the fifth temperature range is the same as the highest temperature value of the second temperature range, and the lowest temperature value of the fifth temperature range is greater than the lowest temperature value of the second temperature range. This fifth temperature range is preferably 15°C to 18°C, or 2 to 3°C lower than room temperature.

[0047] In conjunction with the above embodiments, in one implementation, this application also provides a method for zoned temperature control of a dam. In this method, the cooling strategy for the initial cooling period includes: determining a first cooling water temperature range corresponding to the annual cooling cycle period of the target cast-in-place layer; and controlling the flow of cooling water through the cooling water pipes to cool the target cast-in-place layer to the target temperature at the end of the initial cooling period, based on the first cooling water temperature range, a preset first flow rate range, a preset first cooling duration, and a preset first cooling rate.

[0048] In this embodiment, initial water flow should be carried out on all parts of the dam concrete to control the maximum concrete temperature. The cooling strategy for the initial cooling period during the simulation of the target pouring layer is described below: Based on the annual cooling cycle of the target pouring layer, a first cooling water temperature range corresponding to that annual cooling cycle is determined. One optional implementation is as follows: when the annual cooling cycle of the target pouring layer is from November to February of the following year, the preferred first cooling water temperature range for the dam concrete poured during the initial cooling period is 14–16°C; when the annual cooling cycle of the target pouring layer is from March to October, the preferred first cooling water temperature range for the concrete poured during the initial cooling period is 8–10°C.

[0049] Then, based on the obtained first cooling water temperature range, the preset first flow rate range, the preset first cooling time, and the preset first cooling rate, the cooling water flow through the cooling water pipes is controlled to cool the target cast layer to the target temperature corresponding to the end of the initial cooling period. The preferred first flow rate range for a single water pipe is 1.2–1.5 m. 3 The initial cooling time is preferably 15 days, and the initial cooling rate is preferably less than or equal to 0.5℃ / day. The target temperature at the end of the initial cooling period for any altitude layer is not lower than 20℃.

[0050] In this embodiment, for the foundation confinement zone (i.e., the area with a maximum design allowable temperature of 27°C) poured during the high-temperature season from April to September, the water flow rate can be increased to 2.0–2.5 m³ / h in the early stage of initial water supply (0–3 days after concrete age). 3 / h. Initial water flow should begin as soon as the dam concrete is poured, and this flow should be continuous. The temperature difference between the dam concrete and the cooling water should not exceed 20℃. The cooling rate of the dam should be controlled to be no more than 0.5℃ / day.

[0051] In conjunction with the above embodiments, in one implementation, this application also provides a method for dam zone temperature control. In this dam zone temperature control method, the cooling strategy for the intermediate cooling period includes: determining the concrete age of the target pouring layer during the simulation process; when the concrete age of the target pouring layer reaches a first age, controlling the flow of cooling water through the cooling water pipes to cool the target pouring layer to the target temperature corresponding to the end of the water flow during the intermediate cooling period, based on a second cooling water temperature range, a preset second flow rate range, a preset second cooling duration, and a preset second cooling rate.

[0052] In this embodiment, in order to control the temperature stress caused by the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the concrete and the temperature difference between the upper and lower layers, the dam concrete will be subjected to mid-term water cooling before winter or before the later stage of water cooling.

[0053] This section describes the cooling strategy for the mid-stage cooling period during the casting cooling simulation of the target casting layer. The cooling strategy for this mid-stage cooling period is as follows: First, the concrete age of the target pouring layer is determined during the simulation. When the concrete age of the target pouring layer reaches the first age, the cooling water flow is controlled to cool the target pouring layer to the target temperature corresponding to the end of the water flow during the mid-term cooling period, based on the second cooling water temperature range, the preset second flow rate range, the preset second cooling duration, and the preset second cooling rate. The first age is preferably 50 days (referring to the 50th day after concrete pouring and curing), the second cooling water temperature range is preferably 14–16℃, and the second flow rate range is preferably 1.0–1.2 m³ / h. 3The second cooling time is preferably 20 to 30 days, and the second cooling rate is preferably 0.3 to 0.5 °C / day.

[0054] When the grouting progress of the dam joints requires it, the mid-term water supply in some irrigation areas can be combined with the later-term water supply. A small flow of 8-10℃ chilled water is used for continuous cooling, with a cooling rate of no more than 0.3-0.5℃ / day, until the concrete temperature reaches the joint grouting temperature.

[0055] In conjunction with the above embodiments, in one implementation, this application also provides a method for dam zone temperature control. In this dam zone temperature control method, the cooling strategy for the later cooling period includes: determining the concrete age of the target pouring layer during the simulation process; when the concrete age of the target pouring layer reaches the second age, controlling the flow of cooling water through the cooling water pipes to perform a first stage of cooling on the target pouring layer according to a third cooling water temperature range, a preset third flow rate range, a preset third cooling duration, and a preset third cooling rate; wherein the second age is greater than the first age; and controlling the flow of cooling water through the cooling water pipes to perform a second stage of cooling on the target pouring layer according to a fourth cooling water temperature range, a preset fourth flow rate range, a preset fourth cooling duration, and a preset fourth cooling rate, until the target temperature corresponding to the end of the later cooling period is reached.

[0056] In this embodiment, to meet the temperature requirements of the dam concrete for joint grouting, this application will implement a later-stage water supply. The cooling strategy for the later-stage cooling period during the simulation of the target pouring layer is described below: The concrete age of the target pouring layer is determined during the simulation process. When the concrete age of the target pouring layer reaches the second age, the cooling water pipes are controlled to flow water to the target pouring layer for the first stage of cooling, based on the third cooling water temperature range, the preset third flow rate range, the preset third cooling duration, and the preset third cooling rate. The second age is longer than the first age. Preferably, the second age is 90 days, the third cooling water temperature range is preferably 14–16℃, and the third flow rate range is preferably 1.2–1.5 m³ / h. 3 The third cooling time is preferably about 10 days, and the third cooling rate is preferably 0.3 to 0.5℃ / day.

[0057] After the first stage of cooling is completed, the cooling water pipes are controlled to flow water through the target cast-in-place layer for a second stage of cooling, based on the fourth cooling water temperature range, the preset fourth flow rate range, the preset fourth cooling duration, and the preset fourth cooling rate, until the target temperature corresponding to the end of the water flow in the later cooling period is reached. This target temperature can be obtained by consulting the aforementioned mapping table. Furthermore, the target temperature recorded in this mapping table corresponding to the later cooling period of the target cast-in-place layer is related to the joint grouting temperature requirements. One correlation is that the target temperature required to be reached during the later cooling period is the same as the joint grouting temperature required for subsequent joint grouting of the target cast-in-place layer. Another correlation is that the difference between the target temperature and the designed joint grouting temperature should be within the range of -1℃ to +0.5℃ to avoid excessive overheating or overcooling.

[0058] The preferred temperature range for the fourth cooling water is 8–10°C, and the preferred flow rate range is 1.2–1.5 m³ / h. 3 / h, the fourth cooling time is preferably 10 to 20 days, and the fourth cooling rate is preferably 0.3 to 0.5℃ / day.

[0059] In this embodiment, the temperature control strategy for the entire dam involves strictly controlling the temperature gradient distribution in each irrigation area during the water cooling process. For example... Figure 3 As shown, the temperature gradient is divided from bottom to top into the irrigated area, the planned irrigated area, the first layer of cold irrigated area, the first layer of transition irrigated area, and the covered irrigated area. By cooling the temperature of each grouting area with water, the temperature gradient distribution of the dam body is reasonably controlled, and the average temperature difference between the cold irrigated area and the transition irrigated area, and between the transition irrigated area and the covered irrigated area is controlled to be no greater than 6℃.

[0060] In this embodiment, the dam zonal temperature control method provided in this application also has corresponding strategies in terms of surface insulation measures, specifically: insulation layers are set on the upstream and downstream surfaces, with the upstream insulation coefficient being 2W / (m²). ℃), downstream is 3W / (m²) ℃); an additional surface insulation layer is added to the foundation constraint area during the high-temperature season, and the insulation and protection of the orifice area are strengthened throughout the construction process.

[0061] In conjunction with the above embodiments, in one implementation, this application also provides a method for zoned temperature control of a dam. This method further includes: comparing the real-time monitored air temperature at the dam site with the design temperature range; when the air temperature at the dam site is greater than the upper limit of the design temperature range, controlling the pouring temperature to be lowered by a first value and starting water cooling a first time interval in advance; when the air temperature at the dam site is less than the lower limit of the design temperature range, controlling the pouring temperature to be raised by a second value and delaying the start of water cooling a second time interval.

[0062] In this embodiment, the application also involves dynamically adjusting the pouring cooling strategy based on ambient temperature during actual construction. The air temperature at the dam site is monitored in real time and compared with the design temperature range. When the air temperature at the dam site exceeds the upper limit of the design temperature range, the pouring temperature for the target pouring layer is lowered by a first value, and water cooling is initiated a first time interval earlier. Conversely, when the air temperature at the dam site is lower than the lower limit of the design temperature range, the pouring temperature is raised by a second value, and water cooling is initiated a second time interval later. The design temperature range is preferably a temperature range offset by 5°C upwards and downwards from a preset standard design temperature. The first value is preferably 2-3°C, the first time interval is preferably 1-2 days, the second value is preferably 1-2°C, and the second time interval is preferably 1-2 days. The preset standard design temperature can be the average air temperature at the dam site over many years (or the average temperature during the pouring period), which is an engineering parameter determined at the initial stage of dam design based on different site selections.

[0063] In conjunction with the above embodiments, in one implementation, this application also provides a method for dam zone temperature control. In this method, the temperature control index further includes a target transverse joint opening. When the comparison result meets the target condition, the maximum design allowable temperature for the zone type corresponding to the target cast-in-place layer is increased by a third value. The target condition refers to the situation where, by adjusting the casting temperature control strategy to ensure the target cast-in-place layer meets temperature control and crack resistance requirements, the simulated transverse joint opening does not reach the target transverse joint opening.

[0064] In this embodiment, the temperature control index in the dam zonal temperature control method provided in this application may further include the target transverse joint opening. When the temperature control index also includes the target transverse joint opening, the simulation results also include the specific value of the transverse joint opening. The comparison results obtained by comparing the simulation results with the temperature control index include comparison results on whether the temperature control requirements are met, comparison results on whether the crack resistance requirements are met, and comparison results on whether the target transverse joint opening has been achieved.

[0065] If either the temperature control requirement or the crack resistance requirement is not met in the comparison results, the pouring temperature control strategy is adjusted and the simulation is repeated. The new simulation results are then compared with the temperature control indicators until both requirements are met. At this point, it is further determined whether the transverse joint opening in the comparison results meets the opening requirement (i.e., whether the transverse joint opening value in the simulation results corresponding to the comparison results reaches the target transverse joint opening value; if not, it is not satisfied). If the opening requirement is met, the latest pouring temperature control strategy guides the pouring and temperature control construction of the target pouring layer of the dam. If the opening requirement is not met, the maximum allowable temperature for the zoning type corresponding to the target pouring layer is increased by a third value, preferably 1–2℃. Specifically, when the comparison results meet the target conditions, the maximum allowable design temperature for the zone type corresponding to the target pouring layer is increased by a third value. This target condition refers to the situation where, by adjusting the pouring temperature control strategy to ensure that the target pouring layer simultaneously meets the temperature control and crack resistance requirements, the simulated transverse joint opening value does not reach the target transverse joint opening value. The preferred value for this target transverse joint opening is 0.5 mm.

[0066] In conjunction with the above embodiments, in one implementation, this application also provides a method for zoned temperature control of a dam. This method further includes: acquiring the self-generated volumetric deformation data of concrete at the second age after formal construction; based on the concrete self-generated volumetric deformation data, performing a pouring cooling simulation on the target pouring layer in the finite element model to obtain corresponding verification simulation results; if the transverse joint opening in the verification simulation results is less than the target transverse joint opening, and the difference between the transverse joint opening and the target transverse joint opening exceeds the target value, then the maximum allowable design temperature for the zone type corresponding to the target pouring layer is increased by a fourth value.

[0067] In this embodiment, after guiding the temperature control construction of the target pouring layer based on a qualified pouring temperature control strategy, the self-generated volume deformation data of the concrete at the second age after formal construction (approximately 16.3 × 10⁻⁶ at 90 days) is obtained. Then, based on this concrete self-generated volume deformation data, a pouring cooling simulation is performed on the target pouring layer in the previously constructed finite element model to obtain the corresponding verification simulation results. At this time, the finite element model and boundary conditions of the dam used in the verification simulation are the same as those of the finite element model of the dam constructed above, only the self-generated volume deformation is different (at this time, the concrete self-generated volume deformation data at the second age is used). Among them, the second age is preferably 90 days.

[0068] This application improves the fit between simulation and actual working conditions by customizing finite element models for different dam sections and incorporating measured data of the self-generated volumetric deformation of concrete at 90 days of age (16.3×10-6).

[0069] If the transverse joint opening in the verification simulation result is less than the target transverse joint opening, and the difference between the transverse joint opening and the target transverse joint opening exceeds the target value, then the fourth value of the maximum allowable design temperature for the corresponding zoning type of the target pouring layer will be increased to ensure that the opening is not less than the target transverse joint opening value (e.g., 0.5 mm). This fourth value is preferably 1~2℃. If the transverse joint opening in the verification simulation result is greater than the target transverse joint opening, but does not exceed a reasonable range, then no adjustment will be made, and subsequent pouring and temperature control construction will continue.

[0070] In this embodiment, the application will make dynamic adjustments based on the construction progress. If the pouring period of the foundation constraint zone coincides with the high-temperature season (such as April to May), the water cooling time will be extended.

[0071] If the height difference between adjacent dam sections exceeds the design allowable value, the pouring temperature of the current dam section will be adjusted to reduce the cumulative effect of temperature stress. Specifically, the design requirement of this application is that adjacent dam sections are poured with equal height differences (e.g., each layer is 3m) to avoid a "high and low" height difference. If, during actual construction, the height difference between adjacent dam sections exceeds the design allowable value (e.g., for adjacent dam sections, the first one is poured 3m and the second one is poured 3.5m, with a height difference exceeding the design allowable value by 0.2m), this will cause the concrete in the higher dam section (the later poured 3.5m layer) to heat up and expand, generating additional compressive stress on the lower dam section (the earlier poured 3m layer). During the subsequent cooling, the shrinkage tensile stress in the higher dam section is amplified, while the lower dam section is under tension, resulting in a significant increase in the risk of temperature stress superposition and cracking. Therefore, reducing the pouring temperature at the machine inlet of the current higher and later poured dam section, lowering its maximum temperature, and reducing the subsequent cooling range will weaken temperature deformation, offset the stress superposition caused by the height difference, and avoid cracking.

[0072] In conjunction with the above embodiments, in one implementation, this application also provides a method for zoned temperature control of a dam. In this method, during the later stages of concrete pouring, pressure is maintained by discontinuous water flow at a set flow rate; water flow is suspended after the third time interval following the completion of the pour, and after the temperature rises to the target temperature, an initial cooling period for temperature control begins; the orifice area is poured with a second thickness, and the interval between adjacent pouring layers is controlled to not exceed a fourth time interval; and when the air temperature is lower than the set temperature, an insulation blanket is applied.

[0073] In this embodiment, during the later stages of concrete pouring, pressure is maintained by discontinuous water flow at a set flow rate, preferably 5-8 L / min. For each pouring layer, water flow is suspended after a third time period following the completion of the pour, and after the temperature rises to the target temperature, an initial cooling period for temperature control is initiated. This third time period is preferably 6 hours, and the target temperature is preferably 25°C.

[0074] This application provides a discontinuous water supply mode of "pressure holding and water supply during the pouring period (5-8L / min) - 6 hours after the closure - initial cooling period started when the temperature rises to 25℃", which increases the target water supply temperature of the initial / mid-term by 1-2℃ according to the elevation; and establishes a four-dimensional dynamic adjustment logic of "ambient temperature + self-generated volume deformation + construction progress + construction stage" to achieve a smooth transition of parameters in the three stages of "initial - transition - stability" (the machine outlet temperature transitions from 7℃ to 12 / 14℃).

[0075] Due to the complex structure and high pouring temperature in the orifice area, the maximum tensile stress is prone to exceed the limit. Therefore, in addition to conventional temperature control measures, this application employs a thin-layer rapid pouring process. This process involves pouring the orifice area with a second-thickness layer, controlling the interval between adjacent pouring layers to no more than four hours, and covering it with an insulation blanket when the air temperature is lower than the set temperature. The second-thickness layer is preferably 1–1.5 m, the fourth-hour interval is preferably 72 hours, and the set temperature is preferably 2°C. Reducing the pouring layer thickness aims to accelerate heat dissipation, while strictly controlling the interval between adjacent pouring layers to no more than 72 hours is to avoid interlayer cold joints and stress superposition; the additional insulation blanket before a cold wave is to prevent the risk of cracking caused by a sudden drop in temperature. The orifice area utilizes "thin-layer rapid pouring" (pouring interval ≤ 72 hours) + pre-cold wave insulation reinforcement to specifically address the stress concentration problem caused by the complex structure and strong constraints.

[0076] For the foundation confinement zone of the steep slope dam section, slope-mounted cooling water pipes are added in areas where the surface stress exceeds 1.5 MPa to ensure that the crack resistance safety factor is not less than 2.1. During the pouring process of the foundation confinement zone, the internal temperature of the concrete is monitored in real time. When the temperature approaches 26℃, the water temperature is lowered by 2~3℃ and the intermediate water supply time is extended to control the maximum tensile stress along the river direction to not exceed 1.68 MPa.

[0077] In summary, the dam zone temperature control method provided in this application has the following advantages: Dual standards for crack resistance and grouting: Through the coordinated control of three indicators in different zones, the crack resistance safety factor in the foundation constraint zone is ≥2.0, and the crack resistance safety factor in the zone outside the foundation constraint zone is ≥2.9. The opening of the transverse joint is stable at 0.51-1.42mm, which completely solves the core contradiction of the existing technology of "paying attention to one thing but losing another", and at the same time meets the requirements of dam crack resistance safety and joint grouting quality.

[0078] The simulation accuracy has been significantly improved: Measured data of the self-generated volumetric deformation of concrete obtained from field tests (self-generated volumetric deformation 16.3 × 10⁻⁶) were used. -6 By combining refined modeling with simulation, the calculation deviations are corrected with real material properties, and the errors in temperature and stress calculations are controlled within 3%. This significantly improves the accuracy compared to traditional simplified modeling, and the simulation results can accurately guide construction.

[0079] Strong adaptability to working conditions: The dynamic adjustment mechanism can adapt to different pouring seasons (March, May, etc.) and different dam section types (riverbed dam section, steep slope dam section), and is highly adaptable to the characteristics of low-heat silicate cement. Its versatility and operability are superior to the current static temperature control technology.

[0080] Construction risks are significantly reduced: Special prevention and control measures in high-risk areas reduce the risk of cracking in orifice areas and steep slope dam sections by 40%, avoiding rework and repair due to substandard grouting or concrete cracking, and saving more than 15% of later maintenance costs compared with traditional technology.

[0081] Balancing temperature control efficiency and economy: Discontinuous water flow mode reduces cooling water waste, zoned differentiated temperature control avoids excessive investment, and after optimization based on material properties, temperature control costs are reduced while the temperature control cycle is shortened, thus improving the overall construction progress.

[0082] Based on the same inventive concept, this application provides a system for zoned temperature control of a dam, such as Figure 4 As shown, the system 400 includes: The model building module is used to build finite element models of each section of the dam. The dam body zoning module is used to perform key dam body temperature control zoning of the target pouring layer of the target dam section based on the strength of concrete constraint, structural stress characteristics and temperature control risk level. The zoning types include at least the foundation constraint zone and the zone free from foundation constraint. The temperature control index setting module is used to determine the corresponding temperature control index according to the zoning type of the target pouring layer. The temperature control index includes at least the maximum allowable temperature, the minimum allowable temperature, and the crack resistance safety factor. The simulation module is used to perform pouring cooling simulation on the target pouring layer in the finite element model based on the pouring temperature control strategy, and obtain the corresponding simulation results. The comparison module is used to compare the simulation results corresponding to the pouring temperature control strategy with the temperature control index of the target pouring layer to obtain the corresponding comparison results. The strategy adjustment module is used to adjust the pouring temperature control strategy according to the comparison results, and to re-simulate based on the adjusted pouring temperature control strategy until the simulation results meet the temperature control index of the target pouring layer.

[0083] Optionally, the pouring strategy in the pouring temperature control strategy used in the simulation module includes: setting the pouring thickness of the pouring layer to a first thickness; in the initial stage of pouring, based on the temperature control standard for medium-heat cement, controlling the inlet temperature to a first temperature, and controlling the highest temperature under continuous water flow to a first temperature range; in the middle and later stages of pouring, based on the adiabatic temperature rise characteristics of low-heat silicate cement, controlling the day shift inlet temperature to a second temperature, and controlling the night shift inlet temperature to a third temperature, wherein the second temperature is less than the third temperature; when the zoning type is a basic constraint zone, controlling the pouring temperature to a second temperature range; when the zoning type is a zone detached from the basic constraint zone, controlling the pouring temperature to a third temperature range, wherein the lowest temperature value of the third temperature range is ≥ the highest temperature value of the second temperature range; The temperature control strategy used in the simulation module includes: The cooling water pipes are arranged according to a preset spacing rule to completely cover the pouring area; For any cooling layer where cooling water pipes are deployed, the poured concrete is cooled and cooled in multiple cooling periods, including an initial cooling period, a middle cooling period, and a later cooling period. Based on the cooling period of the target pouring layer, a corresponding cooling strategy is adopted for water cooling until the cooling temperature reaches the target temperature for the end of the current cooling period. Then, the next cooling period begins, or the cooling is terminated once the later cooling period has been completed. During the water flow process, the direction of the cooling water is changed every preset time interval. The current target temperature for the end of the water flow of the cooling layer is determined based on the current cooling period of the target pouring layer and the upper level of the dam where the cooling layer is located.

[0084] Optionally, if the partition type further includes orifice zones and steep slope dam section foundation constraint zones, the system 400 also includes: The first control module is used to control the pouring temperature to a fourth temperature range when the partition type is a steep slope dam section foundation constraint zone, wherein the highest temperature value of the fourth temperature range is less than the lowest temperature value of the second temperature range. The second control module is used to control the pouring temperature to a fifth temperature range when the partition type is the orifice zone. The highest temperature value of the fifth temperature range is the same as the highest temperature value of the second temperature range, and the lowest temperature value of the fifth temperature range is greater than the lowest temperature value of the second temperature range.

[0085] The cooling strategy used in the initial cooling period of the simulation module includes: Based on the annual cooling cycle period of the target casting layer, determine the first cooling water temperature range corresponding to the annual cooling cycle period; Based on the first cooling water temperature range, the preset first flow range, the preset first cooling time, and the preset first cooling rate, the cooling water pipe is controlled to cool the target casting layer to the target temperature at the end of the initial cooling period.

[0086] The cooling strategy used in the simulation module during the mid-cooling period includes: Determine the concrete age of the target pouring layer during the simulation process; When the concrete of the target pouring layer reaches the first age, the cooling water pipe is controlled to cool the target pouring layer to the target temperature corresponding to the end of the water supply period, based on the second cooling water temperature range, the preset second flow range, the preset second cooling time and the preset second cooling rate.

[0087] The cooling strategy used in the later cooling phase of the simulation module includes: Determine the concrete age of the target pouring layer during the simulation process; When the concrete age of the target pouring layer reaches the second age, the cooling water pipe is controlled to carry out the first stage of cooling of the target pouring layer according to the third cooling water temperature range, the preset third flow range, the preset third cooling time and the preset third cooling rate; wherein, the second age is greater than the first age; Based on the fourth cooling water temperature range, the preset fourth flow range, the preset fourth cooling duration, and the preset fourth cooling rate, the cooling water pipe is controlled to carry out the second stage of cooling of the target casting layer until the target temperature corresponding to the end of the water supply in the later cooling period is reached.

[0088] The system 400 also includes: The comparison module is used to compare the real-time monitored air temperature at the dam site with the design temperature range; The third control module is used to control the pouring temperature to be lowered by a first value and to start water cooling a first time period in advance when the air temperature at the dam site is greater than the upper limit of the design temperature range. The fourth control module is used to control the pouring temperature to be increased to a second value and to delay the water cooling for a second duration when the air temperature at the dam site is lower than the lower limit of the design temperature range.

[0089] Optionally, if the temperature control index also includes the target transverse seam opening, the system 400 further includes: The fifth control module is used to increase the maximum design allowable temperature of the partition type corresponding to the target pouring layer by a third value when the comparison result meets the target condition. The target condition refers to the simulation-obtained transverse joint opening degree not reaching the target transverse joint opening degree when the target pouring layer meets the temperature control and crack resistance requirements by adjusting the pouring temperature control strategy.

[0090] Optionally, the system further includes: The data acquisition module is used to acquire the self-generated volume deformation data of concrete at the second age after formal construction. The simulation module is used to perform pouring and cooling simulation on the target pouring layer in the finite element model based on the concrete self-generated volume deformation data, and to obtain the corresponding verification simulation results. The sixth control module is used to adjust the maximum allowable temperature of the design of the partition type corresponding to the target casting layer to a fourth value if the transverse joint opening in the verification simulation result is less than the target transverse joint opening and the difference between the transverse joint opening and the target transverse joint opening exceeds the target value.

[0091] Optionally, the system further includes: The pressure-holding module is used to maintain pressure during the later stages of concrete pouring by using a set flow rate of discontinuous water. The temperature control module is used to stop water supply after the third hour after the water is collected, and to enter the initial cooling period after the temperature rises to the target temperature. The seventh control module is used to pour the orifice area with a second thickness, control the interval between adjacent pouring layers to not exceed a fourth time period, and cover with an insulation blanket when the air temperature is lower than the set temperature.

[0092] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the method embodiments are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of this application are not limited to the described order of actions, because according to the embodiments of this application, some steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Secondly, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are all preferred embodiments, and the actions involved are not necessarily necessary for the embodiments of this application. As for the system embodiments, since they are basically similar to the method embodiments, the description is relatively simple; relevant details can be found in the descriptions of the method embodiments.

[0093] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0094] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, embodiments of this application can take the form of entirely hardware embodiments, entirely software embodiments, or embodiments combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, embodiments of this application can take the form of computer program products implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0095] This application describes embodiments with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, terminal devices (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It should be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing terminal device to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing terminal device, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0096] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing terminal device to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0097] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing terminal equipment, causing a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable terminal equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable terminal equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0098] Although preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the embodiments of the present application.

[0099] Finally, it should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal device that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or terminal device. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or terminal device that includes said element.

[0100] The above provides a detailed description of a method and system for dam zone temperature control. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this application. At the same time, those skilled in the art will recognize that there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of this application. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. A method for zoned temperature control of a dam, characterized in that, The method includes: Construct finite element models of each section of the dam; Based on the strength of concrete confinement, structural stress characteristics and temperature control risk level, the target pouring layer of the target dam section is divided into key temperature control zones for the dam body. The zone types include at least the foundation-constrained zone and the zone free from foundation confinement. Based on the zoning type of the target pouring layer, the corresponding temperature control index is determined. The temperature control index includes at least the maximum allowable temperature, the minimum allowable temperature, and the crack resistance safety factor. Based on the pouring temperature control strategy, the pouring cooling simulation of the target pouring layer in the finite element model is performed to obtain the corresponding simulation results. The simulation results corresponding to the pouring temperature control strategy are compared with the temperature control index of the target pouring layer to obtain the corresponding comparison results. Based on the comparison results, the pouring temperature control strategy is adjusted, and the simulation is repeated based on the adjusted pouring temperature control strategy until the simulation results meet the temperature control index of the target pouring layer.

2. The method for zoned temperature control of a dam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pouring strategy in the pouring temperature control strategy includes: The pouring thickness of the pouring layer is set as the first thickness; In the initial stage of pouring, based on the temperature control standard for medium-heat cement, the temperature at the inlet is controlled as the first temperature, and the highest temperature under continuous water flow is controlled as the first temperature range. In the later stages of pouring, based on the adiabatic temperature rise characteristics of low-heat silicate cement, the daytime machine inlet temperature is controlled at the second temperature, and the nighttime machine inlet temperature is controlled at the third temperature, wherein the second temperature is lower than the third temperature; when the zoning type is the basic constraint zone, the pouring temperature is controlled within the second temperature range; when the zoning type is the detached basic constraint zone, the pouring temperature is controlled within the third temperature range, wherein the lowest temperature value of the third temperature range is greater than or equal to the highest temperature value of the second temperature range. The temperature control strategy in the pouring temperature control strategy includes: The cooling water pipes are arranged according to a preset spacing rule to completely cover the pouring area; For any cooling layer where cooling water pipes are deployed, the poured concrete is cooled and cooled in multiple cooling periods, including an initial cooling period, a middle cooling period, and a later cooling period. Based on the cooling period of the target pouring layer, a corresponding cooling strategy is adopted for water cooling until the cooling temperature reaches the target temperature for the end of the current cooling period. Then, the next cooling period begins, or the cooling is terminated once the later cooling period has been completed. During the water flow process, the direction of the cooling water is changed every preset time interval. The current target temperature for the end of the water flow of the cooling layer is determined based on the current cooling period of the target pouring layer and the upper level of the dam where the cooling layer is located.

3. The method for zoned temperature control of a dam according to claim 2, characterized in that, The zoning types also include orifice zones and steep slope dam section foundation constraint zones; When the zoning type is the foundation constraint zone of a steep slope dam section, the pouring temperature is controlled to be the fourth temperature range, where the highest temperature value of the fourth temperature range is less than the lowest temperature value of the second temperature range. When the partition type is the orifice zone, the pouring temperature is controlled to the fifth temperature range. The highest temperature value of the fifth temperature range is the same as the highest temperature value of the second temperature range, and the lowest temperature value of the fifth temperature range is greater than the lowest temperature value of the second temperature range.

4. The method for zoned temperature control of a dam according to claim 2, characterized in that, Cooling strategies during the initial cooling period include: Based on the annual cooling cycle period of the target casting layer, determine the first cooling water temperature range corresponding to the annual cooling cycle period; Based on the first cooling water temperature range, the preset first flow range, the preset first cooling time, and the preset first cooling rate, the cooling water pipe is controlled to cool the target casting layer to the target temperature at the end of the initial cooling period.

5. The method for zoned temperature control of a dam according to claim 2, characterized in that, Cooling strategies during the mid-cooldown period include: Determine the concrete age of the target pouring layer during the simulation process; When the concrete of the target pouring layer reaches the first age, the cooling water pipe is controlled to cool the target pouring layer to the target temperature corresponding to the end of the water supply period, based on the second cooling water temperature range, the preset second flow range, the preset second cooling time and the preset second cooling rate.

6. The method for zoned temperature control of a dam according to claim 2, characterized in that, Cooling strategies during the later cooldown period include: Determine the concrete age of the target pouring layer during the simulation process; When the concrete age of the target pouring layer reaches the second age, the cooling water pipe is controlled to carry out the first stage of cooling of the target pouring layer according to the third cooling water temperature range, the preset third flow range, the preset third cooling time and the preset third cooling rate; wherein, the second age is greater than the first age; Based on the fourth cooling water temperature range, the preset fourth flow range, the preset fourth cooling duration, and the preset fourth cooling rate, the cooling water pipe is controlled to carry out the second stage of cooling of the target casting layer until the target temperature corresponding to the end of the water supply in the later cooling period is reached.

7. The method for zoned temperature control of a dam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: The real-time monitored air temperature at the dam site is compared with the design temperature range; When the air temperature at the dam site is greater than the upper limit of the design temperature range, the pouring temperature is controlled to be lowered by a first value, and water cooling is started a first time period in advance; When the air temperature at the dam site is lower than the lower limit of the design temperature range, the pouring temperature is controlled to be increased by a second value, and the water cooling is started after a second delay.

8. The method for zoned temperature control of a dam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature control indicators also include the target transverse seam opening; When the comparison results meet the target conditions, the maximum allowable temperature for the design of the partition type corresponding to the target pouring layer is increased by a third value. The target conditions refer to the situation where the target pouring layer meets the temperature control and crack resistance requirements by adjusting the pouring temperature control strategy, and the transverse joint opening obtained by simulation does not reach the target transverse joint opening.

9. A method for zoned temperature control of a dam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: Obtain the autogenous volume deformation data of concrete at the second age after formal construction; Based on the concrete self-generated volume deformation data, the pouring and cooling simulation of the target pouring layer in the finite element model is performed to obtain the corresponding verification simulation results. If the transverse joint opening in the verification simulation results is less than the target transverse joint opening, and the difference between the transverse joint opening and the target transverse joint opening exceeds the target value, the maximum allowable temperature for the design of the partition type corresponding to the target casting layer will be increased by a fourth value.

10. A method for zoned temperature control of a dam according to claim 2, characterized in that, During the later stages of concrete pouring, pressure is maintained by discontinuous water flow at a set flow rate. After the third hour following the closure of the warehouse, water supply was suspended, and the temperature was controlled during the initial cooling period after the temperature rose to the target temperature. The orifice area is poured with the second thickness, and the interval between adjacent pouring layers is controlled to not exceed the fourth time period, and when the air temperature is lower than the set temperature, it is covered with an insulation blanket.

11. A system for zoned temperature control of a dam, characterized in that, The system includes: The model building module is used to build finite element models of each section of the dam. The dam body zoning module is used to perform key dam body temperature control zoning of the target pouring layer of the target dam section based on the strength of concrete constraint, structural stress characteristics and temperature control risk level. The zoning types include at least the foundation constraint zone and the zone free from foundation constraint. The temperature control index setting module is used to determine the corresponding temperature control index according to the zoning type of the target pouring layer. The temperature control index includes at least the maximum allowable temperature, the minimum allowable temperature, and the crack resistance safety factor. The simulation module is used to perform pouring cooling simulation on the target pouring layer in the finite element model based on the pouring temperature control strategy, and obtain the corresponding simulation results. The comparison module is used to compare the simulation results corresponding to the pouring temperature control strategy with the temperature control index of the target pouring layer to obtain the corresponding comparison results. The strategy adjustment module is used to adjust the pouring temperature control strategy according to the comparison results, and to re-simulate based on the adjusted pouring temperature control strategy until the simulation results meet the temperature control index of the target pouring layer.

Images