A mine-use explosion-proof multi-cavity modular intelligent switch

Abstract

This invention discloses a mine-use explosion-proof multi-cavity modular intelligent switch, relating to the field of explosion-proof electrical equipment technology in mines. It includes: a housing, the interior of which is divided into three independent explosion-proof cavities—a power supply cavity, a main control cavity, and a wiring cavity—by an explosion-proof flange. The multi-cavity explosion-proof structure, combined with built-in pressure and gas sensors, enables real-time monitoring and intelligent operation. A self-regenerating sealing structure is integrated using a through-wall explosion-proof terminal assembly, which can monitor and electrochemically repair micro-cracks online, ensuring long-term explosion-proof reliability. Simultaneously, an electromagnetic tripping structure, linked to a sealing cover, physically cuts off the circuit and seals the interface in the event of a fault, actively suppressing arc leakage. A bidirectional pressure balance pipe, combined with a bistable memory alloy valve core, achieves passive autonomous pressure regulation, preventing pressure differential damage to the explosion-proof surface. A self-blocking emergency sealing assembly, working in conjunction with the isolation cavity on the inner wall of the cover, can transfer and seal detached terminal heads in the event of a severe fault, forming physical isolation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of explosion-proof electrical equipment for mining, specifically a mine-use explosion-proof multi-cavity modular intelligent switch. Background Technology

[0002] A switch, meaning "switch," is a network device used for forwarding photoelectric signals. It can provide a dedicated electrical signal path for any two network nodes connected to the switch. The most common type of switch is the Ethernet switch, while other common types include telephone voice switches and fiber optic switches.

[0003] In flammable and explosive environments such as underground coal mines, electrical equipment must possess extremely high explosion-proof safety. Existing mining switches typically employ a single-cavity design, concentrating all electrical components within it. If an internal fault ignites a spark or arc, it can easily ignite explosive gases such as methane in the surrounding environment, causing serious safety accidents. Furthermore, traditional through-wall terminal blocks often use static sealing methods, which, after long-term use, are prone to micro-cracks due to thermal stress and mechanical vibration, leading to a gradual decline in explosion-proof performance that cannot be repaired online, creating potential safety hazards. In addition, existing equipment lacks an effective mechanism for regulating pressure imbalances between cavities; excessive pressure differences may compromise the sealing of explosion-proof joints. The safety concepts of existing switches are mostly limited to passive pressure bearing and single-point protection, i.e., using a robust outer shell to withstand internal explosions or using a single sensor to monitor a specific parameter. They lack multi-level proactive intervention capabilities throughout the entire process of fault initiation, development, and escalation. Once a serious fault occurs, rapid isolation and permanent sealing of the fault point are impossible, making it difficult to fundamentally eliminate the risk of accident escalation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a mine-use explosion-proof multi-cavity modular intelligent switch to solve the problems mentioned in the background.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a mine-use explosion-proof multi-cavity modular intelligent switch, comprising:

[0006] The housing is divided into three independent explosion-proof chambers—a power supply chamber, a main control chamber, and a wiring chamber—by an explosion-proof flange. Pressure sensors and gas sensors are installed in the respective explosion-proof chambers.

[0007] The logic controller is installed inside the main control cavity;

[0008] A through-wall explosion-proof terminal block assembly is installed on a partition between adjacent cavities to achieve electrical connection between cavities.

[0009] The through-wall explosion-proof terminal block assembly includes:

[0010] Metal conductive rod;

[0011] The electromagnetic tripping structure is fixedly installed at both ends of the through-wall explosion-proof terminal assembly and connected to the terminal heads at both ends of the metal conductive rod.

[0012] A sealing cover plate is rotatably mounted on the outer periphery of the electromagnetic tripping structure and is linked with the electromagnetic tripping structure to close the sealing cover plate when the electromagnetic tripping structure and the terminal head are disengaged.

[0013] The self-regenerating sealing structure is located outside the metal conductive rod, including multiple concentric metal rings surrounding the metal conductive rod and a solid electrolyte film filling the spaces between adjacent concentric metal rings. The multiple concentric metal rings are electrically connected to a microcurrent controller for real-time monitoring and electrochemical repair of microcracks generated in the sealing structure.

[0014] The self-blocking emergency sealing assembly is installed at both ends of the through-wall explosion-proof terminal assembly, and a linear control rail is installed at the bottom of the self-blocking emergency sealing assembly.

[0015] The self-blocking emergency sealing assembly includes a rotating clamping member that contacts the outside of the terminal head, used to move the terminal head to an isolation cavity on the side of the housing, the side end of which is connected to a storage chamber for storing two-component sealant.

[0016] Preferably, the logic controller is connected to the pressure sensor, gas sensor, microcurrent controller and self-blocking emergency sealing assembly respectively. The logic controller generates multi-level trigger commands based on the received pressure signal, gas concentration signal and electrical parameter signal of the self-regenerating sealing structure, and controls the self-blocking emergency sealing assembly to perform corresponding protection actions.

[0017] Preferably, the through-wall explosion-proof terminal assembly further includes:

[0018] A sintered ceramic insulating seal is fitted onto the middle of a metal conductive rod. Multiple concentric metal rings are coaxially fitted onto the outer circumferential surface of the sintered ceramic insulating seal, forming an annular gap between the multiple concentric metal rings. A solid electrolyte film fills the annular gap and is in close contact with the surfaces of adjacent multiple concentric metal rings. A microcurrent controller is electrically connected to the multiple concentric metal rings via wires to apply a microampere-level directional current to the multiple concentric metal rings, causing metal ions in the solid electrolyte film to undergo electrochemical reduction and deposition at microcracks.

[0019] The outer sheath, whose inner wall contacts the outer surface of the sintered ceramic insulating sealant, forms a seal;

[0020] A metal replenishment ring, located at the axial end of a multi-layered concentric metal ring and electrically connected to the outermost multi-layered concentric metal ring, is used to replenish the metal ions consumed by electrochemical deposition.

[0021] Preferably, the through-wall explosion-proof terminal assembly further includes:

[0022] A bidirectional pressure balancing tube is arranged parallel to a metal conductive rod, with its two ends opening into two adjacent cavities separated by a sintered ceramic insulating seal. The inner cavity of the bidirectional pressure balancing tube is filled with a powder metallurgy fire-retardant layer. A differential pressure sensor is embedded inside the outer sheath, with its two detection ends extending into the two adjacent cavities to monitor the pressure difference between the two cavities in real time. The differential pressure sensor is electrically connected to a logic controller.

[0023] The bistable memory alloy valve core is respectively disposed inside the top and bottom ends of the bidirectional pressure balance tube. The bistable memory alloy valve core is made of memory alloy material that automatically opens when a phase change occurs under a preset pressure difference.

[0024] Preferably, an installation component is installed inside the connection end between the electromagnetic tripping structure and the sealing cover plate. An outer ball joint is connected to the side end of the installation component, and an inner ball joint is rotatably connected inside the outer ball joint. The outer ball joint and the inner ball joint constitute a universal ball joint structure.

[0025] Preferably, a first rotating cover plate and a second rotating cover plate are respectively installed on the side end and the top of the housing. The isolation cavities are all opened on the inner wall surfaces of the first rotating cover plate and the second rotating cover plate, and are respectively installed with linear control rails for self-blocking emergency sealing assembly displacement in the direction of the first rotating cover plate and the second rotating cover plate. The linear control rails are electrically connected to the logic controller.

[0026] Preferably, the isolation cavity is divided into multiple chambers, each chamber has an automatic closing cover installed on its side surface, and each chamber has a nozzle installed inside. The nozzle is installed at the end of the connecting pipe and faces the area where the displaced terminal head is located. A shape memory alloy one-way valve is installed on the connecting pipe. The shape memory alloy one-way valve is closed under normal conditions, and its valve core is made of a shape memory alloy material that undergoes a phase change when heated. A heating resistance wire electrically connected to the logic controller is wound around the outer wall of the valve body.

[0027] Preferably, the self-blocking emergency sealing assembly further includes;

[0028] Adjustable shaft arm connected to the rotating clamping component;

[0029] The positioning displacement seat has two sets of rotating parts mounted on its surface by sheet metal at different heights. The positioning displacement seat is slidably connected to the linear control guide rail, and both sets of rotating parts are connected to the externally sleeved adjustment shaft arm.

[0030] Preferably, both sets of rotating parts are provided with coaxially sleeved drive gears on their side ends, and the two sets of drive gears are at different heights. The side ends of the drive gears are meshed with displacement racks, the sides of the displacement racks are slidably connected with limiting grooves, the side walls of the displacement racks are fastened with connecting members, and the side ends of the connecting members are connected with electric guide rods.

[0031] Preferably, a miniature diaphragm compressor is embedded in the inner wall of the power supply chamber, the main control chamber, and the wiring chamber. The outlet of the miniature diaphragm compressor is connected to the interior of the corresponding chamber through a pipeline. A nitrogen generator is installed on the outside of the housing. The output end of the nitrogen generator is connected to the inlet of the miniature diaphragm compressor through a main pipeline. The miniature diaphragm compressor and the pressure sensor are electrically connected to the logic controller.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0033] In this invention, a multi-cavity explosion-proof structure combined with built-in pressure and gas sensors enables intelligent operation with real-time monitoring. A self-regenerating sealing structure is integrated into the through-wall explosion-proof terminal assembly, allowing for online monitoring and electrochemical repair of micro-cracks, ensuring long-lasting explosion-proof reliability. Simultaneously, the electromagnetic tripping structure, linked with the sealing cover, physically cuts off the circuit and seals the interface upon failure, actively suppressing arc leakage. The bidirectional pressure balance pipe, combined with a bistable shape memory alloy valve core, achieves passive autonomous pressure regulation, preventing pressure differential damage to the explosion-proof surface. The self-blocking emergency sealing component, working in conjunction with the isolation cavity on the inner wall of the cover, can transfer and seal detached terminal heads in severe faults, forming physical isolation. It can also independently control the filling of each cavity with nitrogen, continuously preventing external gas infiltration. This allows the entire system to achieve progressive collaborative defense—from daily self-healing to emergency blocking to permanent isolation—through hierarchical triggering by a logic controller. This ensures the inherent safety of the equipment during continuous operation while completely isolating risks under extreme fault conditions, comprehensively improving the active safety protection level of mining switches in explosive environments. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of a mine explosion-proof multi-cavity modular intelligent switch according to the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the separation structure of the main body in a mine explosion-proof multi-cavity modular intelligent switch of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal cross-sectional structure of the main body of a mine explosion-proof multi-cavity modular intelligent switch according to the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 This invention relates to a mine-use explosion-proof multi-cavity modular intelligent switch. Figure 2 A magnified structural diagram at point A;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the self-blocking emergency sealing component in a mine explosion-proof multi-cavity modular intelligent switch of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 This invention relates to a mine-use explosion-proof multi-cavity modular intelligent switch. Figure 5 A magnified structural diagram at point B;

[0040] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the structure and internal cross-section of a wall-penetrating explosion-proof terminal block assembly in a mining explosion-proof multi-cavity modular intelligent switch according to the present invention.

[0041] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the wall-penetrating explosion-proof terminal block assembly in a mining explosion-proof multi-cavity modular intelligent switch of the present invention.

[0042] In the diagram: 100, housing; 200, first rotating cover; 300, second rotating cover; 400, isolation chamber; 410, nozzle; 420, shape memory alloy check valve; 500, main control chamber; 600, power supply chamber; 700, wiring chamber; 800, miniature diaphragm compressor; 900, linear control guide rail; 110, through-wall explosion-proof terminal block assembly; 111, outer sheath; 112, terminal head; 113, mounting component; 1131, outer ball joint; 1132, inner ball joint; 114, bidirectional pressure balance tube; 115, sintered ceramic insulation. 116. Sealing body; 117. Metal conductive rod; 118. Sealing cover plate; 119. Self-regenerating sealing structure; 110. Multi-layer concentric metal ring; 1191. Microcurrent controller; 1192. Metal supplementary ring; 1193. Bistable memory alloy valve core; 1194. Differential pressure sensor; 1195. Electromagnetic tripping structure; 120. Self-blocking emergency sealing assembly; 121. Rotating clamp; 122. Adjusting shaft arm; 123. Rotating part; 124. Restricting groove; 125. Displacement rack; 126. Drive gear; 127. Electric guide rod. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] Reference Figures 1-3, Figure 7 and Figure 8 The diagram shows a mine-use explosion-proof multi-cavity modular intelligent switch, comprising: a housing 100, the interior of which is divided into three independent explosion-proof cavities—a power supply cavity 600, a main control cavity 500, and a wiring cavity 700—by explosion-proof flanges. Pressure sensors and gas sensors are installed inside each cavity to monitor pressure changes and the concentration of hazardous gases such as methane in real time. A logic controller is installed inside the main control cavity 500. The housing 100 is divided into three independent explosion-proof cavities—the power supply cavity 600, the main control cavity 500, and the wiring cavity 700—by precision-machined explosion-proof flanges. This modular design physically isolates circuits with different functions; for example, the high-voltage power module is placed in the power supply cavity 600, the core processor and other logic control units are placed in the main control cavity 500, and the external cable access point is placed in the wiring cavity 700. Pressure sensors and gas sensors are pre-installed inside each chamber. The outputs of the pressure sensors and gas sensors are electrically connected to the logic controller installed inside the main control chamber 500 via explosion-proof cables.

[0045] A through-wall explosion-proof terminal block assembly 110 is installed through a partition between adjacent cavities to achieve electrical connection between the cavities. The through-wall explosion-proof terminal block assembly 110 includes: a metal conductive rod 116; and an electromagnetic tripping structure 1195 fixedly installed at both ends of the through-wall explosion-proof terminal block assembly 110 and connected to the terminal heads 112 at both ends of the metal conductive rod 116. The moving iron core of the electromagnetic tripping structure 1195 is mechanically connected to the terminal head 112, and is used to instantly drive the terminal head 112 to contact the metal conductive rod 116 upon receiving a trigger signal. The pole 116 is disengaged; the sealing cover 117 is rotatably mounted on the outer periphery of the electromagnetic trip structure 1195 and is linked with the electromagnetic trip structure 1195. When the electromagnetic trip structure 1195 and the terminal head 112 are disengaged, the sealing cover 117 is closed in linkage. The sealing cover 117 is linked with the moving iron core of the electromagnetic trip structure 1195 through a connecting rod. When the moving iron core moves and causes the terminal head 112 to disengage, the sealing cover 117 closes quickly, covering the opening in the area where the original terminal head 112 was located, preventing the generation of electric sparks.

[0046] The self-regenerating sealing structure 118 is disposed outside the metal conductive rod 116, including multiple concentric metal rings 119 surrounding the metal conductive rod 116 and a solid electrolyte film filling the spaces between adjacent concentric metal rings 119. A ceramic electrolyte, such as that of NASICON, is used. The multiple concentric metal rings 119 are electrically connected to a microcurrent controller 1190 for real-time monitoring and electrochemical repair of microcracks in the sealing structure. The microcurrent controller 1190 monitors electrical parameters between the multiple concentric metal rings 119, such as changes in resistance and capacitance, to diagnose the structural integrity of the interface or electrolyte film in real time. When a microcrack is detected, the microcurrent controller 1190 applies a directional microcurrent to a specific pair of metal rings, driving metal ions in the solid electrolyte film to migrate towards the crack area and undergo electrochemical reduction deposition, thereby filling the interfacial gaps or repairing the electrolyte film and restoring the tightness of the sealing structure.

[0047] The through-wall explosion-proof terminal assembly 110 further includes: a sintered ceramic insulating seal 115, which is sleeved on the middle of the metal conductive rod 116; multiple concentric metal rings 119 are coaxially sleeved on the outer circumferential surface of the sintered ceramic insulating seal 115; an annular gap is formed between the multiple concentric metal rings 119; a solid electrolyte film is filled in the annular gap and is in close contact with the surface of the adjacent multiple concentric metal rings 119; a microcurrent controller 1190 is electrically connected to the multiple concentric metal rings 119 through wires to apply a microampere-level directional current to the multiple concentric metal rings 119, so that metal ions in the solid electrolyte film undergo electrochemical reduction and deposition at the microcracks; a quick-release flange is installed on the outside of the sintered ceramic insulating seal 115; the inner wall of the outer sheath 111 is in contact with the outer surface of the sintered ceramic insulating seal 115 and forms a seal.

[0048] A metal replenishment ring 1192 is disposed at the axial end of the multilayer concentric metal ring 119 and is electrically connected to the outermost multilayer concentric metal ring 119 to replenish the metal ions consumed by electrochemical deposition. Specifically, a sintered ceramic insulating seal 115 is sleeved in the middle of a metal conductive rod 116. The sintered ceramic insulating seal 115 is tightly bonded to the metal conductive rod 116 through a high-temperature sintering process, providing basic electrical insulation and explosion-proof sealing. Then, multilayer concentric metal rings 119 are coaxially sleeved on the outer circumferential surface of the sintered ceramic insulating seal 115, with small annular gaps reserved between adjacent multilayer concentric metal rings 119. A pre-prepared NASICON-type ceramic electrolyte film is filled into these annular gaps, forming a tight ion-conducting interface with the surfaces of the multilayer concentric metal rings 119 on both sides. The innermost and outermost multilayer concentric metal rings 119 are led out through wires and connected to a microcurrent controller 1190. At the axial end of the multi-layer concentric metal ring 119, a metal supplementary ring 1192 is installed and electrically connected to the outermost multi-layer concentric metal ring 119. In this way, the self-regenerating sealing structure 118 is assembled, which can surround and protect the central sintered ceramic insulating seal 115.

[0049] The through-wall explosion-proof terminal assembly 110 further includes: a bidirectional pressure balancing tube 114 arranged parallel to the metal conductive rod 116, with its two ends opening into two adjacent cavities separated by a sintered ceramic insulating seal 115; the inner cavity of the bidirectional pressure balancing tube 114 is filled with a powder metallurgy fire-retardant layer to prevent flame propagation through the bidirectional pressure balancing tube 114; a differential pressure sensor 1194 is embedded inside the outer sheath 111, with its two detection ends extending into two adjacent cavities to monitor the pressure difference between the two cavities in real time; and the differential pressure sensor 1194 is connected to the logic... Electrical connection of the controller; bistable shape memory alloy valve core 1193, which is respectively set inside the top and bottom of the bidirectional pressure balance tube 114. The bistable shape memory alloy valve core 1193 is made of shape memory alloy material that automatically opens when a phase change occurs under a preset pressure difference. That is, the bistable shape memory alloy valve core 1193 is made of Ni-Ti shape memory alloy. Under the action of a preset pressure difference, such as 20Pa, a phase change can occur and it will automatically open, so that the bidirectional pressure balance tube 114 is connected and the pressure balance of the two chambers is achieved; when the pressure difference is restored, the bistable shape memory alloy valve core 1193 automatically resets and closes. An installation component 113 is installed inside the connection end of the electromagnetic tripping structure 1195 and the sealing cover plate 117. An outer ball joint 1131 is connected to the side end of the installation component 113. An inner ball joint 1132 is rotatably connected inside the outer ball joint 1131. The outer ball joint 1131 and the inner ball joint 1132 constitute a universal ball joint structure. The universal ball joint structure enables the electrical connection circuit to adaptively adjust the angle deviation.

[0050] Specifically, a bidirectional pressure balancing tube 114 is positioned parallel to the metal conductive rod 116, with its two ends facing the two separate cavities. A powder metallurgy fire-retardant layer is pre-filled inside the bidirectional pressure balancing tube 114, and bistable memory alloy valve cores 1193 made of Ni-Ti shape memory alloy are installed inside its two ends. Furthermore, a differential pressure sensor 1194 is embedded inside the outer sheath 111, with its two sensing ends extending into the cavities on either side. Subsequently, a sintered ceramic insulating seal 115, assembled with the self-regenerating sealing structure 118 and the bidirectional pressure balancing tube 114, along with the metal conductive rod 116, is inserted into the outer sheath 111 and secured with a quick-release flange, ensuring a reliable sealing contact between the inner wall of the outer sheath 111 and the outer surface of the sintered ceramic insulating seal 115. Finally, terminal heads 112 are installed at both ends of the metal conductive rod 116.

[0051] The electromagnetic tripping structure 1195 is fixedly installed at both ends of the outer sheath 111, and its internal moving iron core is mechanically connected to the terminal head 112. Next, the mounting piece 113 with the outer ball joint 1131 is installed inside the connection end of the electromagnetic tripping structure 1195 and the sealing cover plate 117. Then, the inner ball joint 1132 is embedded in the outer ball joint 1131 to form a universal ball joint structure. The sealing cover plate 117 is linked to the moving iron core of the electromagnetic tripping structure 1195 through the connecting rod structure. Afterwards, the through-wall explosion-proof terminal assembly 110 is installed in the adjacent cavity of the housing 100, such as the partition between the power supply cavity 600 and the main control cavity 500. It is fixed to the partition by the mounting flange on the through-wall explosion-proof terminal assembly 110. At this time, the metal conductive rod 116 passes through the partition, and the terminal head 112, the electromagnetic tripping structure 1195 and the sealing cover plate 117 at both ends are located in two different independent explosion-proof cavities.

[0052] The two ends of the bidirectional pressure balancing tube 114 are also open into the two chambers respectively, and the two detection ends of the differential pressure sensor 1194 also extend into the two chambers respectively. The output line of the differential pressure sensor 1194 and the control line of the electromagnetic tripping structure 1195 are both connected to the logic controller in the main control chamber 500.

[0053] More specifically, the power module within the power supply chamber 600 of the overall device supplies power to the logic controller of the main control chamber 500 and other sensors. The logic controller begins to cyclically read data from the pressure and gas sensors in each chamber, while simultaneously reading data from the differential pressure sensors 1194 on each through-wall terminal assembly, monitoring the pressure, hazardous gas concentration, and pressure difference between adjacent chambers in real time. At this time, the micro-current controller 1190 applies a very weak, continuous monitoring current to the multi-layer concentric metal ring 119, which forms a circuit through the solid electrolyte film. If the sintered ceramic insulating seal 115 or the solid electrolyte film itself develops microcracks due to thermal expansion and contraction, mechanical vibration, or other reasons, a slight change in the resistance of the circuit will occur.

[0054] Next, the microcurrent controller 1190 detects the resistance change and immediately identifies the generation and location of the microcrack. According to a preset program, the logic controller instructs the microcurrent controller 1190 to adjust its output, applying a microampere-level, directional current to specific multilayer concentric metal rings 119, such as applying a microampere-level directional current to the multilayer concentric metal rings 119 on both sides of the crack. Under the action of this current, metal ions in the solid electrolyte film begin to migrate directionally towards the crack region and undergo an electrochemical reduction reaction at the crack tip, depositing metal atoms to gradually fill and repair the microcrack. Simultaneously, the metal replenishment ring 1192, acting as a sacrificial anode, continuously provides metal ions to replenish those consumed during the electrochemical deposition process, ensuring the sustainability of the repair process. The entire process is automated and uninterrupted, thus maintaining the integrity of the self-regenerating sealing structure 118 at all times.

[0055] Subsequently, during daily operation, if a significant pressure difference, exceeding 20 Pa, arises between two adjacent chambers, such as the main control chamber 500 and the wiring chamber 700, due to load changes or drastic changes in ambient temperature, the differential pressure sensor 1194 will capture this pressure difference in real time and transmit the signal to the logic controller. The logic controller will determine whether the pressure difference has reached a preset alarm threshold or balancing action threshold. Simultaneously, the bistable shape memory alloy valve cores 1193 at both ends of the bidirectional pressure balancing pipe 114 directly sense this pressure difference. When the pressure difference reaches its phase transition threshold, such as 20 Pa, the bistable shape memory alloy valve core 1193 undergoes a martensitic phase transformation, rapidly changing its shape and automatically opening the valve, thus activating the bidirectional pressure balancing pipe 114. Once activated, the bidirectional pressure balancing pipe 114 allows gas to flow from the high-pressure side chamber through the powder metallurgy flame-retardant layer inside the pipe to the low-pressure side chamber, thereby quickly balancing the pressure on both sides. Because the bidirectional pressure balancing pipe 114 is filled with a flame-retardant layer, even if an ignition source exists inside the high-pressure side cavity, the flame will be quenched by the flame-retardant layer as it passes through the bidirectional pressure balancing pipe 114, preventing it from spreading to the other side cavity. When the pressure difference drops to a safe range, the bistable shape memory alloy valve core 1193 senses the pressure recovery, undergoes a reverse phase change, automatically resets and closes, cutting off the ventilation path. After receiving the signal from the differential pressure sensor 1194 that it has returned to normal, the logic controller can record a pressure balancing event.

[0056] In extreme fault conditions, such as a severe short circuit inside the main control chamber 500, a strong electric arc and a huge pressure surge are generated. The gas sensor or pressure sensor inside the main control chamber 500 instantly detects the anomaly. The logic controller makes a judgment within microseconds and immediately sends a trigger signal to the electromagnetic trip structures 1195 on all through-wall explosion-proof terminal assemblies 110 connected to the fault area within the chamber. The electromagnetic trip structure 1195 is instantly energized, and its internal moving iron core moves with great acceleration and force, driving the mechanically connected terminal head 112 to instantly disengage from the metal conductive rod 116, thereby physically severing the electrical connection. At the same time as the moving iron core moves, the linkage mechanism drives the sealing cover plate 117 to rotate rapidly. At the instant the terminal head 112 disengages, the sealing cover plate 117 closes precisely, tightly covering the opening area that originally accommodated the terminal head 112, completely sealing any weak sparks or ionized gas that may be generated within the small chamber inside the electromagnetic trip structure 1195, preventing them from leaking into the entire main control chamber 500. Simultaneously, a universal ball joint structure is installed at the connection between the electromagnetic tripping structure 1195 and the sealing cover 117. Composed of an outer ball joint 1131 and an inner ball joint 1132, it can adaptively adjust for minute angular deviations caused by mechanical impact or thermal deformation, ensuring reliable closure of the sealing cover 117. This ensures that the sealing cover 117 fits the opening area with optimal flatness and pressure, achieving zero-leakage sealing against electrical sparks and ensuring that the electrical wiring connections of each independent explosion-proof chamber can be adjusted, avoiding torsional damage to the wiring connections during long-term use. Overall, it effectively isolates the fault point, preventing the accident from escalating.

[0057] Preferred, according to Figures 3-6 As shown, the self-blocking emergency sealing assembly 120 is disposed at both ends of the through-wall explosion-proof terminal assembly 110, and a linear control rail 900 is installed at the bottom of the self-blocking emergency sealing assembly 120. The self-blocking emergency sealing assembly 120 includes a rotating clamping member 121 that contacts the outside of the terminal head 112, which is used to drive the terminal head 112 to move into the isolation cavity 400 on the side of the housing 100. The side end of the isolation cavity 400 is connected to a storage chamber for storing two-component sealant. The self-blocking emergency sealing assembly 120 further includes: an adjusting shaft arm 122 connected to the rotating clamping member 121; and two sets of rotating parts 123 mounted on the surface of the positioning displacement seat through sheet metal of different heights. The positioning displacement seat and the linear control rail 900 are slidably connected, and both sets of rotating parts 123 are connected to the externally sleeved adjusting shaft arm 122. Both sets of rotating parts 123 are equipped with coaxially sleeved drive gears 126 on their side ends, and the two sets of drive gears 126 have different heights. The side ends of the drive gears 126 are meshed with displacement racks 125. The side of the displacement racks 125 is slidably connected with limiting grooves 124. The side walls of the displacement racks 125 are fastened with connectors, and the side ends of the connectors are connected with electric guide rods 127.

[0058] Specifically, after the electromagnetic trip, the logic controller continues to monitor the state of the fault chamber through gas and pressure sensors. If the concentration of combustible gas continues to rise, or the pressure fluctuates abnormally again, it indicates that simple electrical disconnection and cover sealing are insufficient to completely control the situation, and there is a risk of secondary detonation. At this time, the logic controller judges the severity of the fault and immediately issues execution commands to the self-blocking emergency sealing assembly 120 and the linear control rail 900. This causes the self-blocking emergency sealing assembly 120 to move to the corresponding position on the linear control rail 900. After reaching the designated position, it issues control commands to one or two of the electric guide rods 127. The corresponding electric guide rod 127 extends immediately after receiving the pulse signal from the logic controller. The electric guide rod 127 drives the displacement rack 125 through the connector. Under the guidance constraint of the limiting groove 124, the displacement rack 125 begins to perform precise linear motion. Since the displacement rack 125 meshes with the drive gear 126, the linear motion of the displacement rack 125 is converted into the rotational motion of the corresponding drive gear 126. This causes the corresponding drive gear 126 to drive the rotating part 123, which is coaxial with it, to start rotating. The rotation is transmitted to the rotating clamping member 121 connected to the adjusting shaft arm 122, so that it moves precisely to the position of the terminal head 112 and tightly clamps the disengaged terminal head 112.

[0059] Subsequently, the electric guide rod 127 begins to retract, the displacement rack 125 generates a reverse drive, and the rotating clamping member 121 holds the terminal head 112, smoothly moving it from its original position within the main control cavity 500 through a preset transfer channel to the isolation cavity 400 on the side of the housing 100, following a preset reverse rotation trajectory. Once the terminal head 112 is fully inserted into the isolation cavity 400, the logic controller sends a signal to open the automatic closing cover at the outlet of the isolation cavity 400. The two-component epoxy resin sealant stored in the cavity is rapidly extruded under pressure and injected into the terminal head 112 through the nozzle 410, completely encapsulating and curing the terminal head 112. This allows for the isolation and sealing of the faulty terminal head 112, completely isolating it from any potentially explosive environment.

[0060] Preferred, according to Figures 1-2As shown, a first rotating cover plate 200 and a second rotating cover plate 300 are respectively installed on the side and top of the housing 100. The first rotating cover plate 200 and the second rotating cover plate 300 are rotatably connected to the housing 100 through explosion-proof hinges, and form a seal with the housing 100 through the explosion-proof mating surface when closed. The isolation cavity 400 is opened on the inner wall surface of the first rotating cover plate 200 and the second rotating cover plate 300, so that when the first rotating cover plate 200 and the second rotating cover plate 300 are opened, the isolation cavity 400 is moved away with the cover plate, which facilitates the inspection and maintenance of the nozzle 410, connecting pipeline and shape memory alloy one-way valve 420 in the cavity.

[0061] When the first rotating cover 200 and the second rotating cover 300 are closed, the isolation cavity 400 precisely aligns with the end of the linear control rail 900 inside the housing 100, forming a complete fault terminal transfer channel. Linear control rails 900 for displacement of the self-blocking emergency sealing assembly 120 are respectively installed facing the first rotating cover 200 and the second rotating cover 300. The linear control rails 900 are electrically connected to the logic controller. The isolation cavity 400 is divided into multiple chambers; that is, each isolation cavity 400 is internally divided into several independent sub-chambers by partitions, and each sub-chamber corresponds to a storage position for a terminal head 112.

[0062] When a faulty terminal head 112 is sent into a sub-chamber and sealant is injected, the sub-chamber is sealed, but this does not affect the normal use of other sub-chambers, achieving one-to-one independent isolation. The side surfaces of multiple chambers are equipped with automatic closing covers, which are normally open, allowing the terminal head 112 to enter.

[0063] Once the terminal head 112 is inserted, the automatic closing cover closes automatically under the action of a spring to prevent the sealant from flowing back or overflowing. Multiple chambers are equipped with nozzles 410, which are located at the end of the connecting pipe and directed towards the area where the displaced terminal head 112 is located. The spray angle of each nozzle 410 is precisely designed to ensure that the two-component sealant is evenly applied to the surface of the terminal head 112 and its surrounding space.

[0064] A shape memory alloy check valve 420 is installed on the connecting pipeline. The shape memory alloy check valve 420 is normally closed, and its valve core is made of a shape memory alloy material that undergoes a phase change upon heating. A heating resistance wire electrically connected to the logic controller is wound around the outer wall of the valve body. Specifically, when the logic controller determines that sealant needs to be injected into the isolation chamber 400, it energizes the heating resistance wire. The heating wire heats up, raising the temperature of the shape memory alloy valve core. When the temperature reaches the phase change point, such as 70°C, the valve core undergoes a phase change and elongates, pushing the valve open and allowing the sealant to flow through the connecting pipeline to the nozzle 410. When heating stops, the valve core cools and contracts, and the valve automatically resets and closes.

[0065] Specifically, once the logic controller confirms that terminal head 112 has been delivered into the designated sub-chamber of the isolation chamber 400, it issues a sealant injection command. The logic controller energizes the heating resistance wire mounted on the outer wall of the shape memory alloy check valve 420. The heating resistance wire begins to heat up, raising the temperature of the valve core of the shape memory alloy check valve 420. When the temperature reaches the phase transition temperature of the Ni-Ti shape memory alloy, the valve core undergoes a phase transition and elongates, pushing the valve open. After the valve opens, the two-component epoxy resin sealant stored in the reservoir, under pressure, can be supplied through a pre-compression spring or nitrogen pressure to flow to the nozzle 410 via the connecting pipeline. The nozzle 410 sprays the sealant at a certain angle and pressure onto terminal head 112 in the sub-chamber. The two-component sealant mixes during the spraying process and quickly covers the surface of terminal head 112 and its surrounding space. The sealant continues to be injected until the entire sub-chamber is filled, completely encapsulating terminal head 112.

[0066] Subsequently, after the preset dispensing time, the logic controller cuts off the power to the heating resistance wire. The valve core of the shape memory alloy check valve 420 begins to cool. When the temperature drops below the phase transition point, the valve core contracts and resets, and the shape memory alloy check valve 420 automatically closes, stopping the continued supply of sealant. The small amount of sealant remaining in the nozzle 410 and connecting pipes cures rapidly within the isolation chamber 400.

[0067] When the electromagnetic tripping structure 1195 is activated, if the logic controller determines that the severity of the fault has reached a preset threshold, such as detecting a continuous electric arc, a sudden increase in gas concentration, or a sudden change in pressure, the self-blocking emergency sealing component 120 will be activated. The detached terminal head 112 will be physically moved along the linear control guide rail 900 into a specific sub-chamber of the isolation cavity 400 opened on the inner wall of the rotating cover plate. Then, the two-component sealant will be sprayed from the nozzle 410 to fill the cavity by heating the shape memory alloy one-way valve 420, thereby achieving physical isolation and sealing.

[0068] During this process, the logic controller records all data from the entire fault handling process, including the fault occurrence time, the electromagnetic tripping response time of the electromagnetic tripping structure 1195, the activation time of the self-blocking emergency sealing component 120, and the opening time of the bistable shape memory alloy valve core 1193 and the shape memory alloy check valve 420. It then sends an alarm signal to the ground control center via the host computer interface, indicating that the wiring terminal is obsolete and the specific faulty terminal head 112 has been isolated in a certain isolation sub-chamber of the first rotating cover 200 or the second rotating cover 300. The corresponding cover needs to be opened for cleaning and replacement during scheduled maintenance. Simultaneously, the logic controller marks the sub-chamber as occupied, and will no longer accept any more faulty terminal heads 112.

[0069] In routine maintenance scenarios, when the isolation chamber 400 needs inspection or cleaning, maintenance personnel can open the first rotating cover 200 or the second rotating cover 300. As the first rotating cover 200 or the second rotating cover 300 rotates, the isolation chamber 400, located on the inner wall of the first rotating cover 200 or the second rotating cover 300, moves out of the housing 100 and is exposed to the external environment. Maintenance personnel can easily check whether the nozzle 410 is blocked, whether the connecting pipes are intact, whether the shape memory alloy check valve 420 is working properly, and can even mechanically clean the cured sealant and replace the sub-chamber assembly. After maintenance, the cover is closed, and the end of the linear control rail 900 is precisely aligned with the inlet of the isolation chamber 400.

[0070] Preferred, according to Figures 1-2 As shown, the logic controller is connected to the pressure sensor, gas sensor, microcurrent controller 1190, and self-blocking emergency sealing assembly 120. Based on the received pressure signal, gas concentration signal, and electrical parameter signal of the self-regenerating sealing structure 118, the logic controller generates multi-level trigger commands to control the self-blocking emergency sealing assembly 120 to perform corresponding protection actions. Miniature diaphragm compressors 800 are embedded in the inner walls of the power supply chamber 600, main control chamber 500, and wiring chamber 700. The outlet of the miniature diaphragm compressor 800 is connected to the corresponding chamber via a pipeline. A nitrogen generator is installed on the outside of the housing 100, and its output is connected to the inlet of the miniature diaphragm compressor 800 via a main pipeline. The miniature diaphragm compressor 800 and the pressure sensor are electrically connected to the logic controller. Based on the comparison between the real-time pressure value detected by the pressure sensor and the preset positive pressure threshold, the logic controller independently controls the start and stop of the miniature diaphragm compressor 800 in each chamber, ensuring that the interior of each chamber is always under positive pressure relative to the external environment.

[0071] Specifically, the logic controller compares the real-time pressure values ​​detected by each pressure sensor with a preset positive pressure threshold. If the pressure in a cavity, such as the power supply cavity 600, falls below the lower positive pressure limit, the logic controller immediately sends a start command to the miniature diaphragm compressor 800 within that cavity. The miniature diaphragm compressor 800 starts, drawing in nitrogen from the nitrogen generator, compressing it, and then filling the corresponding cavity through the outlet pipe. As nitrogen is continuously added, the cavity pressure gradually rises. When the pressure sensor detects that the pressure has reached the upper positive pressure limit, the logic controller issues a stop command, and the miniature diaphragm compressor 800 shuts down. This process is performed independently in each cavity, ensuring that each cavity maintains a positive pressure relative to the external environment, effectively preventing explosive gases from seeping into the cavity through tiny gaps. Simultaneously, because nitrogen is used for filling, the oxygen concentration within the cavity is further reduced, suppressing potential ignition energy.

[0072] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mine-use explosion-proof multi-cavity modular intelligent switch, characterized in that, include: The housing (100) is divided into three independent explosion-proof chambers by an explosion-proof joint flange: a power supply chamber (600), a main control chamber (500), and a wiring chamber (700). Pressure sensors and gas sensors are installed in the interior of the independent explosion-proof chambers respectively. The logic controller is installed inside the main control cavity (500); A through-wall explosion-proof terminal block assembly (110) is installed on a partition between adjacent cavities to achieve electrical connection between cavities; The through-wall explosion-proof terminal block assembly (110) includes: Metal conductive rod (116); The electromagnetic tripping structure (1195) is fixedly installed at both ends of the through-wall explosion-proof terminal assembly (110) and connected to the terminal heads (112) at both ends of the metal conductive rod (116). A sealing cover (117) is rotatably mounted on the outer periphery of the electromagnetic tripping structure (1195) and linked with the electromagnetic tripping structure (1195) to close the sealing cover (117) when the electromagnetic tripping structure (1195) and the terminal head (112) are disengaged. A self-regenerating sealing structure (118) is disposed outside a metal conductive rod (116), including a multi-layer concentric metal ring (119) surrounding the metal conductive rod (116) and a solid electrolyte film filled between adjacent multi-layer concentric metal rings (119). The multi-layer concentric metal rings (119) are electrically connected to a microcurrent controller (1190) for real-time monitoring and electrochemical repair of microcracks generated by the sealing structure. The self-blocking emergency sealing assembly (120) is disposed at both ends of the through-wall explosion-proof terminal assembly (110), and a linear control rail (900) is installed at the bottom of the self-blocking emergency sealing assembly (120). The self-blocking emergency sealing assembly (120) includes a rotating clamp (121) that contacts the outside of the terminal head (112) for moving the terminal head (112) into the isolation cavity (400), the side end of which is connected to a storage chamber for storing two-component sealant. The microcurrent controller (1190) is electrically connected to the multilayer concentric metal ring (119) via wires, and is used to apply a microampere-level directional current to the multilayer concentric metal ring (119) so that the metal ions in the solid electrolyte film undergo electrochemical reduction deposition at the microcracks. An installation component (113) is installed inside the connection end of the electromagnetic tripping structure (1195) and the sealing cover plate (117). An outer ball joint (1131) is connected to the side end of the installation component (113). An inner ball joint (1132) is rotatably connected inside the outer ball joint (1131). The outer ball joint (1131) and the inner ball joint (1132) constitute a universal ball joint structure. The housing (100) is provided with a first rotating cover plate (200) and a second rotating cover plate (300) on its side and top respectively. The isolation cavity (400) is opened on the inner wall surface of the first rotating cover plate (200) and the second rotating cover plate (300) and is provided with a linear control rail (900) for the displacement of the self-blocking emergency sealing assembly (120) in the direction of the first rotating cover plate (200) and the second rotating cover plate (300). The linear control rail (900) is electrically connected to the logic controller. The self-blocking emergency sealing assembly (120) further includes; Adjustable shaft arm (122) connected to the rotating clamp (121); The positioning displacement seat has two sets of rotating parts (123) mounted on its surface by sheet metal of different heights. The positioning displacement seat is slidably connected to the linear control guide rail (900). Both sets of rotating parts (123) are connected to the externally sleeved adjustment shaft arm (122). Both sets of rotating parts (123) are equipped with coaxially sleeved drive gears (126) on their side ends, and the two sets of drive gears (126) have different heights. The side ends of the drive gears (126) are meshed with displacement racks (125). The side of the displacement racks (125) is slidably connected with limiting grooves (124). The side walls of the displacement racks (125) are fastened with connecting members, and the side ends of the connecting members are connected with electric guide rods (127). The logic controller is connected to the pressure sensor, gas sensor, microcurrent controller (1190) and self-blocking emergency sealing assembly (120) respectively. The logic controller generates multi-level trigger commands based on the received pressure signal, gas concentration signal and electrical parameter signal of self-regenerating sealing structure (118) to control the self-blocking emergency sealing assembly (120) to perform corresponding protection actions.

2. The mine explosion-proof multi-cavity modular intelligent switch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The through-wall explosion-proof terminal block assembly (110) further includes: A sintered ceramic insulating seal (115) is sleeved on the middle of a metal conductive rod (116). A multi-layer concentric metal ring (119) is coaxially sleeved on the outer circumferential surface of the sintered ceramic insulating seal (115). An annular gap is formed between the multi-layer concentric metal rings (119). The solid electrolyte film is filled in the annular gap and is in close contact with the surface of the adjacent multi-layer concentric metal rings (119). A quick-release flange is installed on the outside of the sintered ceramic insulating seal (115). The inner wall of the outer sheath (111) contacts the outer surface of the sintered ceramic insulating sealant (115) and forms a seal; A metal replenishment ring (1192) is disposed at the axial end of a multilayer concentric metal ring (119) and is electrically connected to the outermost multilayer concentric metal ring (119) to replenish the metal ions consumed by electrochemical deposition.

3. The mine explosion-proof multi-cavity modular intelligent switch according to claim 2, characterized in that: The through-wall explosion-proof terminal block assembly (110) also includes: A bidirectional pressure balancing tube (114) is arranged parallel to a metal conductive rod (116), with its two ends opening into two adjacent cavities separated by a sintered ceramic insulating seal (115). The inner cavity of the bidirectional pressure balancing tube (114) is filled with a powder metallurgy fire-retardant layer. A differential pressure sensor (1194) is embedded inside the outer sheath (111). The two detection ends of the differential pressure sensor (1194) extend into two adjacent cavities to monitor the pressure difference between the two cavities in real time. The differential pressure sensor (1194) is electrically connected to a logic controller. The bistable memory alloy valve core (1193) is respectively disposed inside the top and bottom ends of the bidirectional pressure balance tube (114). The bistable memory alloy valve core (1193) is made of memory alloy material that automatically opens when a phase change occurs under a preset pressure difference.

4. The mine explosion-proof multi-cavity modular intelligent switch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The isolation chamber (400) is divided into multiple chambers. Automatic closing covers are installed on the side surfaces of the multiple chambers. Nozzles (410) are installed inside the multiple chambers respectively. The nozzles (410) are installed at the end of the connecting pipe and face the area where the displaced terminal head (112) is located. A memory alloy one-way valve (420) is installed on the connecting pipe. The memory alloy one-way valve (420) is closed under normal conditions, and its valve core is made of memory alloy material that undergoes phase change when heated. A heating resistance wire electrically connected to the logic controller is wound around the outer wall of the valve body.

5. The mine explosion-proof multi-cavity modular intelligent switch according to claim 1, characterized in that: A miniature diaphragm compressor (800) is embedded in the inner wall of the power supply chamber (600), the main control chamber (500), and the wiring chamber (700). The outlet of the miniature diaphragm compressor (800) is connected to the interior of the corresponding chamber through a pipeline. A nitrogen generator is installed on the outside of the housing (100). The output end of the nitrogen generator is connected to the inlet of the miniature diaphragm compressor (800) through a main pipeline. The miniature diaphragm compressor (800) and the pressure sensor are electrically connected to the logic controller.

Images