Numerical control lathe with automatic tool changer

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of numerical control machine tool, and specifically to a numerical control lathe with automatic tool magazine, which comprises a tool magazine; the tool magazine comprises a tool disc, a path selection mechanism and a tool moving mechanism; the tool disc is provided with a first central groove and a plurality of radial grooves communicated with the first central groove, the outer end of one radial groove is a working station, and the outer end of the rest radial grooves is an idle station, and the idle station is slidably provided with a machining tool; the tool disc is provided with a positioning assembly at the working station for positioning and fixing the machining tool at the working station; the tool moving mechanism is configured to move the machining tool from the idle station to the working station or from the working station to the idle station; and the path selection mechanism is configured to provide the machining tool with a path for moving from the idle station to the working station or a path for moving from the working station to the idle station. The present application does not need to drive the whole tool disc to rotate, effectively shortens the tool changing stroke and tool changing time, and improves the tool changing efficiency and machining efficiency of the numerical control lathe.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of CNC machine tool technology, and more specifically to a CNC lathe with an automatic tool changer. Background Technology

[0002] CNC lathes, as core equipment in the field of metal cutting, are widely used in the automated machining of shaft and disc parts in industries such as aerospace, automotive manufacturing, and precision machinery. The automatic tool changer (APC) is a core functional module that determines the machining efficiency, automation level, and machining capabilities of a CNC lathe. To meet the production needs of multi-stage continuous machining of parts, CNC lathes are typically equipped with a tool magazine structure to store, manage, and automatically switch between multiple machining tools, replacing manual tool changing operations and reducing non-cutting auxiliary time during machining. Currently, the most widely used method in the industry is the rotary turret / tool ​​head tool changer, which rotates the entire tool head to the position corresponding to the machining station, completing the tool change action.

[0003] However, because a swash plate is installed under the workpiece, the existing rotary tool changer requires the turret / tool ​​head to be moved away to avoid the swash plate before rotating to change tools, which results in a long tool change time and affects the machining efficiency of the lathe. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the aforementioned shortcomings and provide a CNC lathe with an automatic tool changer. To achieve the above objective, the specific solution of this invention is as follows: A CNC lathe with an automatic tool changer includes a tool magazine; the tool magazine includes a tool head, a path selection mechanism located at the center of the tool head, and a tool shifting mechanism located on the tool head; The cutter head is provided with a first central groove and a plurality of radial grooves whose inner ends are respectively connected to the first central groove. The outer end of one radial groove is a working station, and the outer ends of the other radial grooves are idle stations. The machining tool is slidably mounted in the idle station. The cutter head is provided with a positioning component at the working station for positioning and fixing the machining tool in the working station. The tool shifting mechanism is configured to move the machining tool from an idle station to a working station, or from a working station to an idle station; the path selection mechanism is configured to provide the machining tool with a path to move from an idle station to a working station, or from a working station to an idle station.

[0005] Furthermore, the bottom of the machining tool is provided with a guide slider, which is slidably disposed in the corresponding radial groove, and the bottom surface of the guide slider is provided with two rollers spaced apart; the bottom of each radial groove is provided with a guide groove extending radially; the path selection mechanism includes a central guide disk, which is provided with a second central groove and a plurality of circumferentially distributed and radially extended switching grooves, the number of switching grooves being set one-to-one with the number of radial grooves, and each switching groove communicating with the second central groove; The roller can move radially inward along the trajectory of the guide groove and enter the corresponding switching groove, and can also move radially outward along the trajectory of the switching groove and enter the corresponding guide groove. The roller forms a rolling engagement with the guide groove and the switching groove respectively.

[0006] Furthermore, the path selection mechanism also includes a first motor and a cam plate fixed on the side of the cutter head facing away from the radial groove. The cam plate has a cam structure on the side facing the cutter head. The journal of the central guide plate is connected to the output end of the first motor. The central guide plate has a first switching slider and a second switching slider slidably passing through it along the axial direction at the position corresponding to the second central groove. The first switching slider has guide rails spaced apart and side by side at the end near the radial groove that can protrude into the second central groove. The two guide rails are arranged parallel to the radial direction of one of the switching grooves. The second switching slider has a switching rail that can protrude into the second central groove at the end near the radial groove, and a pin for cooperating with the cam structure at the end away from the radial groove. The first switching slider and the second switching slider are connected by a transmission, and their movement directions are opposite; a spring is provided between the second switching slider and the inner wall of the central guide plate, and the spring keeps the guide rail protruding into the second central groove.

[0007] Furthermore, a connecting rod is provided between the first switching slider and the second switching slider. The middle part of the connecting rod is hinged to the inner wall of the central guide plate, and the two ends of the connecting rod are respectively movably hinged to the first switching slider and the second switching slider.

[0008] Furthermore, the output end of the first motor is connected to a first gear, and the journal of the central guide disk is fixedly sleeved with a second gear that meshes with the first gear.

[0009] Furthermore, each of the machining tools is provided with a driving pin at its top, and the tool moving mechanism includes a lever with a groove for engaging with the driving pin. When the lever moves to a position where the groove corresponds to the driving pin, the driving pin can protrude into the groove, thereby driving the corresponding machining tool to move through the engagement of the driving pin and the groove.

[0010] Furthermore, the tool shifting mechanism also includes two parallel guide rails arranged on the tool disc, a sliding plate slidably connected to the two guide rails, a second motor fixed to the sliding plate, a third gear connected to the output end of the second motor, and a rack fixed to one of the guide rails; the guide rails are parallel to the radial groove for setting the working position; the lever is fixed to the sliding plate; the third gear meshes with the rack; the second motor drives the lever along the trajectory of the guide rails through the third gear and the rack.

[0011] Furthermore, the active pin includes an electromagnet embedded in the guide slider and a floating pin that moves through the machining tool. The floating pin is positioned corresponding to the electromagnet and is a permanent magnet. The floating pin can extend and retract under the drive of the electromagnet.

[0012] Furthermore, the cutter head is provided with a baffle at the outer end of each radial groove, wherein the inner side of the baffle corresponding to the corresponding idle station is provided with an elastic locking element; the outer end of the guide slider is provided with a locking hole, and two locking pins are spaced apart in the locking hole; When the elastic locking member is inserted into the corresponding locking hole and engages between the two locking pins within the locking hole, the elastic locking member and the two locking pins cooperate to unlockably lock the guide slider, thereby keeping the corresponding machining tool in its current idle position.

[0013] Furthermore, the positioning assembly includes a positioning cylinder fixed to the side of the cutter head facing away from the radial groove and a positioning head located at the output end of the positioning cylinder. The positioning head is movably inserted through the cutter head and can protrude into the radial groove under the drive of the positioning cylinder. The bottom of the guide slider has a positioning hole between the two rollers for cooperating with the positioning head.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By integrating a path selection mechanism and a tool shifting mechanism on the tool turret, and in conjunction with the first central groove, multiple radial grooves, and corresponding working and idle positions on the tool turret, the tool turret can be moved bidirectionally between the idle and working positions without the need to drive the entire tool turret to rotate. The path selection mechanism provides a moving path for the tool changing process, and the tool shifting mechanism enables the tool to be moved between the idle and working positions in both directions. This effectively shortens the tool changing stroke and tool changing time, improves the tool changing efficiency and multi-process continuous machining efficiency of CNC lathes, and, by setting a positioning component at the working position, the tool can be positioned and reliably fixed, ensuring the positional stability of the tool during machining. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the CNC lathe of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the tool magazine structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of the tool magazine of the present invention from another perspective; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the tool magazine of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the tool magazine of the present invention from another perspective; Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A magnified view of a section at point A in the middle; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the path when the radial groove where the machining tool that needs to be moved is located and the radial groove where the working station is located are in the same diameter direction; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the path when the radial groove containing the machining tool located above the work station is obtuse and the radial groove containing the work station is obtuse. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the path when the radial groove containing the machining tool located below the work station is obtuse and the radial groove containing the work station is obtuse. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of moving the machining tool to the opposite radial groove when the angle between the radial groove where the machining tool to be moved is acute and the radial groove where the working station is located. Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the path the machining tool takes when it needs to move to the working position after it has moved to the opposite radial groove. Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cutter head of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the machining tool of the present invention; Figure 14 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the machining tool of the present invention; Figure 15 This is an exploded view of the path selection mechanism of the present invention; Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first switching slider of the present invention; Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second switching slider of the present invention; Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the tool-shifting mechanism of the present invention; Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Machine tool; 2. Spindle box; 3. First linear displacement mechanism; 4. Second linear displacement mechanism; 5. Tool magazine; 51. Tool head; 511. First central groove; 512. Radial groove; 513. Guide groove; 514. Baffle; 515. Elastic locking element; 521. Central guide plate; 5211. Second central groove; 5212. Switching groove; 522. First motor; 523. Cam plate; 5231. Cam structure; 524. First switching slider; 5241. Guide rail; 525. Second switching slider; 5251. Switching rail ; 5252, Pin; 526, Spring; 527, Connecting rod; 528, First gear; 529, Second gear; 531, Guide rail; 532, Sliding plate; 533, Second motor; 534, Third gear; 535, Rack; 536, Lever; 5361, Slot; 54, Machining tool; 541, Guide slider; 5411, Positioning hole; 5412, Locking hole; 5413, Locking pin; 542, Roller; 543, Driving pin; 5431, Electromagnet; 5432, Floating pin; 551, Positioning cylinder; 552, Positioning head. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but this is not to limit the scope of the invention to this.

[0017] like Figures 1 to 18 As shown in the figure, a CNC lathe with an automatic tool changer described in this embodiment includes a machine tool 1, a spindle box 2 disposed on the machine tool 1, a first linear displacement mechanism 3 disposed on the machine tool 1, a second linear displacement mechanism 4 disposed on the output end of the first linear displacement mechanism 3, and a tool magazine 5 disposed on the output end of the second linear displacement mechanism 4; wherein, the first linear displacement mechanism 3 is used to drive the tool magazine 5 to move along a first direction, and the second linear displacement mechanism 4 is used to drive the tool magazine 5 to move along a second direction, the first direction being perpendicular to the second direction and parallel to the axis of the spindle box 2; both the first linear displacement mechanism 3 and the second linear displacement mechanism 4 can adopt existing linear module structures.

[0018] like Figures 2 to 18As shown, the tool magazine 5 includes a circular tool head 51, a path selection mechanism located at the center of the tool head 51, and a tool shifting mechanism located on the tool head 51. The tool head 51 has a first central groove 511 and a plurality of radial grooves 512 whose inner ends are respectively connected to the first central groove 511. The exemplary number of radial grooves 512 is six, which are evenly distributed circumferentially. The outer end of one radial groove 512 is a working station, and the outer ends of the other radial grooves 512 are idle stations. The idle stations are slidably equipped with machining tools 54, that is, there are five idle stations, and five types of machining tools 54 are correspondingly set in the five idle stations. The tool head 51 is equipped with a positioning component at the working station for positioning and fixing the machining tools 54 in the working station. The machining tools 54 are selected according to the turning requirements of the actual workpiece to be machined, such as drills and turning tools. The tool shifting mechanism is configured to move the machining tool 54 from an idle station to a working station, or from a working station to an idle station; the path selection mechanism is configured to provide the machining tool 54 with a path to move from an idle station to a working station, or from a working station to an idle station.

[0019] Specifically, in practical application, the CNC lathe with automatic tool changer of this embodiment has the workpiece placed on the spindle box 2. The spindle box 2 drives the workpiece to rotate. The first linear displacement mechanism 3 and the second linear displacement mechanism 4 work together to adjust the position of the tool magazine 5 so that the working position of the tool magazine 5 is aligned with the workpiece on the spindle box 2. Then, the path selection mechanism provides a movement path for the corresponding machining tool 54 to move from the idle position to the working position according to the machining process of the workpiece. The tool moving mechanism drives the corresponding machining tool 54 to move from the idle position along the movement path, so that the corresponding machining tool 54 moves to the working position. Then, the positioning component positions and fixes the corresponding machining tool 54 so that the corresponding machining tool 54 is kept in the working position. Then, the first linear displacement mechanism 3 and the second linear displacement mechanism 4 work together to adjust the position of the corresponding machining tool 54 in order to process the workpiece and complete the first machining process. Therefore, the five machining tools 54 can be defined as tool number one, tool number two, tool number three, tool number four, and tool number five, which can correspond to the first machining process, the second machining process, the third machining process, the fourth machining process, and the fifth machining process, respectively. After the first machining operation is completed, the first linear displacement mechanism 3 moves the tool magazine 5 away from the workpiece. At this time, the path selection mechanism and the tool moving mechanism cooperate to move the first tool from the working station back to its corresponding idle station. Then, the path selection mechanism provides a movement path for the second tool to move from the idle station to the working station. The tool moving mechanism drives the second tool to move from the idle station along the movement path, so that the second tool moves to the working station. The positioning component positions and fixes the second tool, thereby performing the second machining operation and realizing tool changing. Similarly, by cooperating with the path selection mechanism and the tool shifting mechanism, the tool changing process of tool number three, tool number four, and tool number five can be realized, and the workpiece to be processed can be processed respectively to complete the subsequent processing steps. In this way, the tool changing process does not require the tool head 51 to rotate for tool changing, which helps to shorten the tool changing time and improve the machining efficiency of the lathe.

[0020] like Figures 2 to 14 As shown, in some embodiments of the CNC lathe with an automatic tool changer, the bottom of the machining tool 54 is provided with a guide slider 541, which slides within a corresponding radial groove 512. Two rollers 542 are spaced apart on the bottom surface of the guide slider 541, the distance between the two rollers 542 being set according to the actual design. Each radial groove 512 has a radially extending guide groove 513 at its bottom, the width of which is smaller than the width of the radial groove 512. The path selection mechanism includes a circular central guide disk 521, which has a second central groove 5211 and multiple circumferential grooves. Distributed and radially extending switching grooves 5212 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the number of radial grooves 512, and each can be adapted to the roller 542. Six switching grooves 5212 are evenly distributed circumferentially, and each switching groove 5212 communicates with the second central groove 5211. The roller 542 can move radially inward along the trajectory of the guide groove 513 and enter the switching groove 5212 aligned with the guide groove 513, and can also move radially outward along the trajectory of the switching groove 5212 and enter the guide groove 513 aligned with the switching groove 5212. The roller 542 forms a rolling engagement with the guide groove 513 and the switching groove 5212. Figures 4 to 6 , Figure 15As shown, in some embodiments of the CNC lathe with an automatic tool changer, the path selection mechanism further includes a first motor 522 and a cam plate 523 fixedly mounted on the side of the tool head 51 facing away from the radial groove 512. The cam plate 523 has a cam structure 5231 on the side facing the tool head 51. Two cam structures 5231 are provided, spaced apart. The journal of the central guide plate 521 is connected to the output end of the first motor 522. A first switching slider 524 and a second switching slider 525 are axially slidably mounted on the central guide plate 521 at a position corresponding to the second central groove 5211. The end of the first switching slider 524 near the radial groove 512 has spaced parallel switching sliders that can... A guide rail 5241 protrudes into the second central groove 5211. The two guide rails 5241 are arranged parallel to the radial direction of one of the switching grooves 5212. The second switching slider 525 has a switching rail 5251 that can protrude into the second central groove 5211 at one end near the radial groove 512, and a paddle pin 5252 for cooperating with the cam structure 5231 at the other end away from the radial groove 512. The first switching slider 524 and the second switching slider 525 are connected in a transmission manner, and their movement directions are opposite. A spring 526 is provided between the second switching slider 525 and the inner wall of the central guide plate 521. The spring 526 keeps the guide rail 5241 protruding into the second central groove 5211.

[0021] The switching rail 5251 has two switching arms connected at an obtuse angle, and the two switching arms correspond to the positions of the two switching slots 5212. Both the radial slot 512 and the switching slot 5212 are dovetail slot structures.

[0022] Specifically, when the machining tool 54 needs to be moved, the first motor 522 drives the central guide plate 521 to rotate, so that the corresponding switching groove 5212 rotates to correspond to the position of the corresponding radial groove 512. At the same time, the cam structure 5231 on the cam plate 523 cooperates with the pin 5252 of the second switching slider 525, so that the guide rail 5241 and the switching rail 5251 cooperate in the second central groove 5211, so as to provide a movement path for the machining tool 54 to move from the idle station to the working station. The tool moving mechanism drives the machining tool 54 to move, and the guide slider 541 moves along the corresponding movement path, thereby driving the corresponding machining tool 54 to move from the idle station to the working station.

[0023] like Figure 7As shown, if the radial groove 512 where the machining tool 54 to be moved is located is in the same diameter direction as the radial groove 512 where the working station is located, then the first motor 522 drives the central guide plate 521 to rotate until the cam structure 5231 and the pawl 5252 disengage. The spring 526 causes the second switching slider 525 to drive the switching rail 5251 to retract from the second central groove 5211. At the same time, since the first switching slider 524 and the second switching slider 525 move in opposite directions synchronously, the first switching slider 524 drives the guide rail 5241 to extend into the second central groove 5211. Rotate the steering wheel 521 until the switching groove 5212 corresponding to the guide rail 5241 corresponds to the radial groove 512 where the machining tool 54 is located. At this time, under the action of the spring 526, the two guide rails 5241 are kept extended into the second center groove 5211. At this time, the tool moving mechanism drives the machining tool 54 to move along the trajectory of the radial groove 512, and the roller 542 moves along the trajectory of the guide groove 513. The roller 542 enters the corresponding switching groove 5212 and enters the radial groove 512 where the working position is located after being guided by the guide rail 5241, until the machining tool 54 moves to the working position.

[0024] like Figure 8 and Figure 9As shown, if the angle between the radial groove 512 where the machining tool 54 to be moved is located and the radial groove 512 where the working station is located is an obtuse angle, then the first motor 522 drives the central guide disk 521 to rotate, so that one switching arm of the switching rail 5251 corresponds to the radial groove 512 where the working station is located, and the other switching arm corresponds to the radial groove 512 where the machining tool 54 is located. At the same time, the pry pin 5252 rotates to contact the corresponding cam structure 5231. The corresponding cam structure 5231, through the pry pin 5252, presses the second switching slider 525 to overcome the elastic force of the spring 526 and slide towards the radial groove 512, thereby causing the switching rail 5251 to protrude into the second central groove 5211. Since the first switching slider 524 and the second switching slider 525 move in opposite directions, the first switching slider 524 slides away from the radial groove 512, causing the two guide rails 5241 to retract to the surface and the second central groove 5211. The bottom surface of the center groove 5211 is flush with the center groove. Then, the tool shifting mechanism drives the machining tool 54 to move. The corresponding guide slider 541 moves inward along the trajectory of the radial groove 512 until the roller 542 at the front end of the movement enters the corresponding second center groove 5211 and contacts the switching rail 5251. At this time, the roller 542 at the rear end of the movement also enters the corresponding switching groove 5212 from the radial groove 512. The guide slider 541 completely moves out of the radial groove 512. As the guide slider 541 moves further, the roller 542 at the front end of the movement enters another corresponding switching groove 5212 under the guidance and direction of the switching rail 5251. This causes the guide slider 541 to drive the machining tool 54 to deflect. The roller 542 at the front end of the movement enters the radial groove 512 where the working station is located from the switching groove 5212 until the guide slider 541 drives the machining tool 54 to move to the working station, thereby realizing the tool change.

[0025] like Figure 10 and Figure 11As shown, if the angle between the radial groove 512 where the machining tool 54 to be moved is located and the radial groove 512 where the working station is located is an acute angle, then the first motor 522 drives the central guide disk 521 to rotate so that the guide rail 5241 corresponds to the radial groove 512 where the machining tool 54 is located. At this time, the pawl 5252 and the cam structure 5231 are in a state of disengagement. The tool moving mechanism drives the machining tool 54 to move along the trajectory of the radial groove 512. Under the guidance and limiting action of the switching groove 5212 of the central guide disk 521 and the guide rail 5241, the roller 542 enters the opposite radial groove 512 until both rollers 542 enter the opposite radial groove 512. Then the first motor 522 drives the central guide disk 521 to rotate again so that one switching arm of the switching rail 5251 corresponds to the radial groove 512 where the working station is located, and the other switching arm corresponds to the opposite radial groove 512. Corresponding to the slot 512, the pin 5252 rotates to contact the corresponding cam structure 5231. The corresponding cam structure 5231, through the pin 5252, presses the second switching slider 525 to overcome the elastic force of the spring 526 and slide towards the radial slot 512. This causes the switching rail 5251 to protrude into the second central slot 5211, and the first switching slider 524 slides away from the radial slot 512, causing the two guide rails 5241 to retract until their surfaces are flush with the bottom surface of the second central slot 5211. Then, the tool shifting mechanism drives the machining tool 54 to move. Similarly, with the cooperation of the switching rail 5251 and the roller 542, the corresponding guide slider 541 drives the machining tool 54 to deflect. The roller 542 at the front end moves from the switching slot 5212 into the radial slot 512 where the working position is located, until the guide slider 541 drives the machining tool 54 to move to the working position, thereby realizing the tool change.

[0026] like Figure 15 As shown, in some embodiments of the CNC lathe with an automatic tool changer, a connecting rod 527 is provided between the first switching slider 524 and the second switching slider 525. The middle part of the connecting rod 527 is hinged to the inner wall of the central guide plate 521, and the two ends of the connecting rod 527 are respectively movably hinged to the first switching slider 524 and the second switching slider 525. In this embodiment, by setting a connecting rod 527, the linkage between the first switching slider 524 and the second switching slider 525 is realized. When the second switching slider 525 slides towards the radial groove 512 against the elastic force of the spring 526, the second switching slider 525 drives the first switching slider 524 to slide away from the radial groove 512 through the connecting rod 527. Similarly, when the second switching slider 525 slides away from the radial groove 512, the second switching slider 525 drives the first switching slider 524 to slide towards the radial groove 512 through the connecting rod 527. This realizes the synchronous reverse movement between the first switching slider 524 and the second switching slider 525, realizing the switching between the guide rail 5241 and the switching rail 5251 to select different movement paths.

[0027] like Figures 4 to 6 , Figure 15 As shown, in some embodiments of the CNC lathe with an automatic tool changer, the output end of the first motor 522 is connected to a first gear 528, and the journal of the central guide disk 521 is fixedly sleeved with a second gear 529 that meshes with the first gear 528. In this embodiment, the power transmission between the first motor 522 and the central guide disk 521 is achieved through the transmission between the first gear 528 and the second gear 529, thereby enabling the central guide disk 521 to rotate stably.

[0028] like Figures 2 to 6 , Figure 14 and Figure 18 As shown, in some embodiments of the CNC lathe with an automatic tool changer, each machining tool 54 has a top-mounted drive pin 543. The tool-shifting mechanism includes a lever 536, which has a groove 5361 for engaging with the drive pin 543. When the lever 536 moves to a position where the groove 5361 aligns with the drive pin 543, the drive pin 543 can protrude into the groove 5361, thereby driving the corresponding machining tool 54 to move through the engagement of the drive pin 543 and the groove 5361. In some embodiments of the CNC lathe with an automatic tool changer, the drive pin 543 includes an electromagnet 5431 embedded in a guide slider 541 and a floating pin 5432 that movably passes through the machining tool 54. The floating pin 5432 is positioned corresponding to the electromagnet 5431 and is a permanent magnet. The floating pin 5432 can extend and retract under the drive of the electromagnet 5431. In some embodiments of the CNC lathe with an automatic tool changer, the tool shifting mechanism further includes two parallel guide rails 531 arranged on the tool turret 51, a sliding plate 532 slidably connected to the two guide rails 531, a second motor 533 fixed to the sliding plate 532, a third gear 534 connected to the output end of the second motor 533, and a rack 535 fixed to one of the guide rails 531; the guide rails 531 are parallel to the radial groove 512 where the working position is set; the lever 536 is fixed to the sliding plate 532; the third gear 534 meshes with the rack 535; the second motor 533 drives the lever 536 along the trajectory of the guide rail 531 through the third gear 534 and the rack 535.

[0029] Specifically, when the machining tool 54 needs to be moved, the second motor 533 drives the third gear 534 to rotate. Since the second motor 533 is mounted on the sliding plate 532 and the rack 535 is fixed on the guide rail 531, the sliding plate 532 drives the second motor 533 and the lever 536 to move along the track of the guide rail 531 under the cooperation of the third gear 534 and the rack 535. When the lever 536 moves to directly above the machining tool 54 that needs to be moved, the electromagnet 5431 is energized in the positive direction and generates a magnetic repulsive force on the floating pin 5432, causing the floating pin 5432 to protrude out of the machining tool 54 and insert into the groove 5361 of the lever 536. Then, the second motor 533 drives the sliding plate 532 to move according to the moving path of the machining tool 54. The lever 536 cooperates with the floating pin 5432 through the groove 5361 to move the machining tool 54 and the guide slider 541, thereby realizing the tool changing operation. After the machining tool 54 moves to an idle or working position, the electromagnet 5431 is energized in reverse, generating a magnetic attraction force on the floating pin 5432, causing the floating pin 5432 to move out of the slot 5361 and retract into the machining tool 54.

[0030] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figures 12 to 14 As shown, in some embodiments of the CNC lathe with an automatic tool changer, the tool head 51 is provided with a baffle 514 at the outer end of each radial groove 512, wherein an elastic locking member 515 is provided on the inner side of the baffle 514 corresponding to the corresponding idle position; the outer end of the guide slider 541 is provided with a locking hole 5412, and two locking pins 5413 are spaced apart in the locking hole 5412; when the elastic locking member 515 is inserted into the corresponding locking hole 5412 and locked between the two locking pins 5413 in the locking hole 5412, the elastic locking member 515 and the two locking pins 5413 cooperate to unlockably lock the guide slider 541, so that the corresponding machining tool 54 is kept in the current idle position.

[0031] Specifically, in this embodiment, by setting a baffle 514, the guide slider 541 is effectively prevented from coming out of the radial groove 512. By setting an elastic locking member 515 on the inner side of the baffle 514 to cooperate with the two locking pins 5413 on the guide slider 541, the machining tool 54 can be reliably and stably stationed in the idle position when not in use, effectively preventing the machining tool 54 from accidentally moving towards the center of the cutter head 51 due to its own weight, making the structure more reliable.

[0032] like Figure 4 and Figure 14As shown, in some embodiments of the CNC lathe with an automatic tool changer, the positioning assembly includes a positioning cylinder 551 fixed on the side of the tool head 51 facing away from the radial groove 512 and a positioning head 552 located at the output end of the positioning cylinder 551. The positioning head 552 is movably inserted through the tool head 51 and can protrude into the radial groove 512 under the drive of the positioning cylinder 551. The bottom of the guide slider 541 has a positioning hole 5411 between the two rollers 542 for cooperating with the positioning head 552.

[0033] Specifically, when the guide slider 541 slides to the working position, the positioning hole 5411 corresponds to the position of the positioning head 552. At this time, the positioning cylinder 551 drives the positioning head 552 to extend, so that the positioning head 552 is inserted into the positioning hole 5411, thereby stabilizing the guide slider 541 at the working position, and thus reliably fixing the machining tool 54 at the working position to ensure the machining effect of the machining tool 54.

[0034] Preferably, the end of the positioning head 552 is tapered, and the opening of the positioning hole 5411 is provided with a tapered surface structure, so that the positioning head 552 can be inserted into the positioning hole 5411 more smoothly, reducing the movement accuracy requirements of the guide slider 541.

[0035] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent changes or modifications made to the structure, features and principles described in the claims of this patent application are included within the protection scope of this patent application.

Claims

1. A CNC lathe with an automatic tool changer, characterized in that, Includes a tool magazine; the tool magazine includes a tool disc, a path selection mechanism located at the center of the tool disc, and a tool shifting mechanism located on the tool disc; The cutter head is provided with a first central groove and a plurality of radial grooves whose inner ends are respectively connected to the first central groove. The outer end of one radial groove is a working station, and the outer ends of the other radial grooves are idle stations. The machining tool is slidably mounted in the idle station. The cutter head is provided with a positioning component at the working station for positioning and fixing the machining tool in the working station. The tool shifting mechanism is configured to move the machining tool from an idle station to a working station, or from a working station to an idle station; the path selection mechanism is configured to provide the machining tool with a path to move from an idle station to a working station, or from a working station to an idle station. The bottom of the machining tool is provided with a guide slider, which is slidably disposed in the corresponding radial groove. Two rollers are provided at intervals on the bottom surface of the guide slider. Each radial groove has a guide groove extending radially at its bottom. The path selection mechanism includes a central guide plate, which has a second central groove and a plurality of circumferentially distributed switching grooves that extend radially. The number of switching grooves corresponds one-to-one with the number of radial grooves, and each switching groove is connected to the second central groove. The roller can move radially inward along the trajectory of the guide groove and enter the corresponding switching groove, and can also move radially outward along the trajectory of the switching groove and enter the corresponding guide groove. The roller forms a rolling engagement with the guide groove and the switching groove respectively. The path selection mechanism further includes a first motor and a cam plate fixed on the side of the cutter head facing away from the radial groove. The cam plate has a cam structure on the side facing the cutter head. The journal of the central guide plate is connected to the output end of the first motor. The central guide plate has a first switching slider and a second switching slider slidably passing through it along the axial direction at the position corresponding to the second central groove. The first switching slider has guide rails spaced apart and side by side at the end near the radial groove that can protrude into the second central groove. The two guide rails are arranged parallel to the radial direction of one of the switching grooves. The second switching slider has a switching rail that can protrude into the second central groove at the end near the radial groove, and a pin for cooperating with the cam structure at the end away from the radial groove. The first switching slider and the second switching slider are connected by a transmission, and their movement directions are opposite; a spring is provided between the second switching slider and the inner wall of the central guide plate, and the spring keeps the guide rail protruding into the second central groove.

2. The CNC lathe with an automatic tool changer according to claim 1, characterized in that, A connecting rod is provided between the first switching slider and the second switching slider. The middle part of the connecting rod is hinged to the inner wall of the central guide plate, and the two ends of the connecting rod are respectively movably hinged to the first switching slider and the second switching slider.

3. The CNC lathe with an automatic tool changer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The output end of the first motor is connected to a first gear, and the journal of the central guide disk is fixedly sleeved with a second gear that meshes with the first gear.

4. The CNC lathe with an automatic tool changer according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the machining tools is provided with a driving pin at its top. The tool moving mechanism includes a lever with a groove for engaging with the driving pin. When the lever moves to a position where the groove corresponds to the driving pin, the driving pin can protrude into the groove, thereby driving the corresponding machining tool to move through the engagement of the driving pin and the groove.

5. The CNC lathe with an automatic tool changer according to claim 4, characterized in that, The tool shifting mechanism also includes two parallel guide rails arranged on the tool disc, a sliding plate slidably connected to the two guide rails, a second motor fixed to the sliding plate, a third gear connected to the output end of the second motor, and a rack fixed to one of the guide rails; the guide rails are parallel to the radial grooves for setting the working position; the lever is fixed to the sliding plate; the third gear meshes with the rack; the second motor drives the lever along the track of the guide rails through the third gear and the rack.

6. The CNC lathe with an automatic tool changer according to claim 4, characterized in that, The active pin includes an electromagnet embedded in the guide slider and a floating pin that moves through the machining tool. The floating pin is positioned corresponding to the electromagnet and is a permanent magnet. The floating pin can extend and retract under the drive of the electromagnet.

7. The CNC lathe with an automatic tool changer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cutter head is provided with a baffle at the outer end of each radial groove, wherein the inner side of the baffle corresponding to the corresponding idle station is provided with an elastic locking element. The outer end of the guide slider is provided with a locking hole, and two locking pins are spaced apart in the locking hole; When the elastic locking member is inserted into the corresponding locking hole and engages between the two locking pins within the locking hole, the elastic locking member and the two locking pins cooperate to unlockably lock the guide slider, thereby keeping the corresponding machining tool in its current idle position.

8. The CNC lathe with an automatic tool changer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positioning assembly includes a positioning cylinder fixed to the side of the cutter head facing away from the radial groove and a positioning head located at the output end of the positioning cylinder. The positioning head is movably inserted through the cutter head and can protrude into the radial groove under the drive of the positioning cylinder. The bottom of the guide slider has a positioning hole between the two rollers for engaging with the positioning head.

Images