Materials for organic electroluminescent devices

Abstract

This invention relates to materials for organic electroluminescent devices. Specifically, the invention describes a composition comprising a hole transport host material, an electron transport host material, and a phosphorescent metal complex, and a device comprising these compositions, particularly an OLED comprising a light-emitting layer comprising these compositions.

Description

[0001] This invention patent application is a divisional application of the invention patent application with international application number PCT / EP2023 / 085990, international application date of December 15, 2023, application number 202380086451.9 which entered the Chinese national phase, and the invention title "Materials for Organic Electroluminescent Devices". Technical Field

[0002] This invention relates to materials for organic electroluminescent devices. Specifically, the invention describes a composition comprising a hole transport host material, an electron transport host material, and a phosphorescent metal complex, and a device comprising these compositions, particularly an OLED comprising a light-emitting layer comprising these compositions. Background Technology

[0003] For example, US 4539507 describes the structure of an organic electroluminescent device, more particularly an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), in which organic semiconductors are used as functional materials.

[0004] Typically, fluorescent and phosphorescent OLEDs are distinguished here, with fluorescent OLEDs using fluorescent emitters as luminescent compounds and phosphorescent OLEDs using phosphorescent emitters as luminescent compounds.

[0005] Typically, phosphorescent emitters are organometallic complexes that exhibit phosphorescence rather than fluorescence (MA Baldo et al., Applied Physics Letters, 1999, Vol. 75, pp. 4–6). For quantum mechanical reasons, using organometallic compounds as phosphorescent emitters can improve energy and power efficiency by up to four times; these phosphorescent emitters are also called triplet emitters because they exhibit triplet emission. Meanwhile, red and green phosphorescent emitters are well-established as emitters in the OLED field. Emitters that emit light in a relatively short wavelength range, particularly blue emitters, are typically selected from fluorescent emitters and are also called singlet emitters. However, in recent years, OLEDs containing blue-emitting organometallic complexes have also been described in existing technologies, such as in Nature Photonics, Vol. 16, 2022, pp. 212–218.

[0006] Alternatively, OLEDs having an emitting layer comprising a combination of a sensitizer and a phosphor have been described in the prior art over the past decade. In these systems, the sensitizer transfers its energy to the phosphor to improve the efficiency of fluorescence emission. The sensitizer may be a phosphorescent organometallic complex as described, for example, in US 2021 / 0104682. The sensitizer may also be a donor-acceptor organic material (DA TADF material) exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence, as described, for example, in WO 2015 / 022974.

[0007] While OLEDs incorporating organometallic complexes as sensitizers for phosphorescence or fluorescence have achieved promising results, further improvements are needed in OLED performance, particularly in lifetime, efficiency, and operating voltage, as well as in the desired color values. Specifically, in the case of blue-emitting OLEDs, there is still potential for improvement in device lifetime and efficiency.

[0008] An important starting point for achieving the aforementioned improvement is to select the host material, sensitizer, and luminescent material in the luminescent layer based on the luminescent system.

[0009] The luminescent compound referred to here is a compound that emits light during the operation of electronic devices.

[0010] The sensitizer compound here refers to a compound that transfers energy to the fluorescent emitter to promote luminescence.

[0011] The host compound here refers to the compound present in the mixture in a larger proportion than the luminescent and / or sensitizing compounds. According to the invention, the terms "matrix compound" and "host compound" can be used synonymously. The host compound preferably does not emit light.

[0012] Even if there are multiple different host compounds in the mixture of luminescent layers, their respective proportions are usually greater than the proportion of luminescent compounds, or if there are multiple luminescent compounds in the mixture of luminescent layers, the proportion of each host compound is greater than the proportion of each luminescent compound.

[0013] If a mixture of multiple compounds exists in the luminescent layer, the luminescent compound is typically present in a smaller quantity, i.e., in a smaller proportion than the other compounds present in the luminescent layer mixture. In this case, the luminescent compound is also referred to as a dopant.

[0014] Furthermore, even if the luminescent layer mixture contains multiple different host compounds, their respective proportions are usually higher than those of the sensitizer compounds. Similarly, if the luminescent layer mixture contains multiple sensitizer compounds, the proportion of each host compound is usually higher than the proportion of each sensitizer compound. Because the content of the sensitizer is preferably less than the content of one or more host compounds, the sensitizer compounds can also be referred to as dopants.

[0015] The host materials, metal complexes, and phosphors used in organic electronic devices are well known to those skilled in the art. Various host materials, complexes, and phosphors for fluorescent and phosphorescent electronic devices have been developed. However, improvements are still needed in the combination of host materials, sensitizers (in the presence of sensitizers), and phosphors in the luminescent layer, particularly in the blue luminescent layer, especially regarding the efficiency, operating voltage, and / or lifetime of organic electronic devices. Summary of the Invention

[0016] The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide compositions that are particularly suitable as light-emitting layers, preferably blue or green light-emitting layers in OLEDs.

[0017] Surprisingly, compositions containing compounds described in more detail below have been found to solve this problem and are particularly suitable for OLEDs. Specifically, these OLEDs exhibit long lifetime, high efficiency, and low operating voltage. Therefore, the object of the present invention is to develop these compositions and electronic devices containing these compositions, particularly organic electroluminescent devices.

[0018] Therefore, the present invention provides a composition comprising: - Hole transport material; - Electron transport host material; and - Phosphorescent metal complexes; The hole transport host material is characterized by being selected from compounds of formula (H-1):

[0019] Equation (H-1)

[0020] The symbols and markings used are as follows: M is selected from Si, Ge and Sn, with Si being the preferred choice; A is a ring selected from aliphatic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic ring systems that can be substituted by one or more groups R; Y, whether appearing the same or different each time, represents a selection from NR. N2 The groups in O and S, preferably Y is NR N2 ; RM1 R M2 The following groups, appearing in the same or different manner each time, are: H; D; F; Cl; Br; I; C(=O)R; OSO2R; COOR; CON(R)2; N(R)2; a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl or alkynyl group having 2 to 40 carbon atoms, wherein each of the above groups may be substituted by one or more groups R, and one or more CH2 groups of the above groups may be substituted by Si(R)2, Ge(R)2, Sn(R)2, C=O, C=S, C=S The following groups may be substituted with e, C=NR, P(=O)(R), SO, SO2, NR, -O-, -S-, -COO-, or -CONR-, and one or more H atoms in the above groups may be substituted with D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, or NO2; or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted with one or more groups R in various cases; or an aralkyl or heteroaromatic group having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted with one or more groups R. Wherein group R M1 and R M2 They can connect with each other to form monocyclic or polycyclic aliphatic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic ring systems that can be substituted by one or more groups R; R N1 R N2 In each occurrence, the following may be identical or different: H; D; F; a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more groups R and wherein one or more H atoms may be substituted by D, F, or CN; an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, wherein the aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system may be substituted by one or more groups R in various cases; and wherein: When n=m=1, group R N1 and R M1 and / or R N2 and R M2 They can be interconnected to form monocyclic or polycyclic aliphatic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic ring systems that can be substituted by one or more groups R; or When n=2, the two groups R N1 and / or two groups R N2 (In the presence of these rings) they can connect with each other to form monocyclic or polycyclic aliphatic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic ring systems that can be substituted by one or more groups R; R represents, in each occurrence, either the same or different: H; D; F; Cl; Br; I; CHO; CN; C(=O)Ar; P(=O)(Ar)2; S(=O)Ar; S(=O)2Ar; N(R')2; N(Ar)2; NO2; Si(R') ) 3; B(OR')2; OSO 2R A straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy, or thioalkyl group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy, or thioalkyl group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more groups R', wherein in various cases one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be R'C=CR', C≡C, Si(R')2, Ge(R')2, Sn(R')2, C=O, C=S, C=Se, P(=O)(R'), SO, SO2, O, S, or CO. NR' substitution and one or more H atoms therein may be substituted by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2; an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more groups R' in various cases; or an aryloxy group having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more groups R'; wherein two groups R may form a monocyclic or polycyclic aliphatic ring system, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system that may be substituted by one or more groups R'; Ar is, in each occurrence, the same or different, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may in various cases be substituted by one or more groups R'; R' may represent, in each instance, the following: H; D; F; Cl; Br; I; CN; a straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy, or thioalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy, or thioalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, wherein in various cases one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be replaced by SO, SO2, O, or S, and one or more H atoms may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, or I; or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 24 aromatic ring atoms. n is 1 or 2; m is (2-n); and The condition is that the electron transport material is not one of the following compounds: .

[0021] In addition, the following definitions of chemical groups are applicable to the purposes of this application: In the context of this invention, the aryl group contains 6 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, preferably 6 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, more preferably 6 to 20 aromatic ring atoms; in the context of this invention, the heteroaryl group contains 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, preferably 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, more preferably 5 to 20 aromatic ring atoms, wherein at least one aromatic ring atom is a heteroatom. The heteroatom is preferably selected from N, O, and S. This represents the basic definition. If other preferences are indicated in the description of this invention, such as regarding the number of aromatic ring atoms present or other preferences regarding heteroatoms, these preferences apply.

[0022] Aromatic groups or heteroaryl groups are considered herein to refer to: simple aromatic rings, such as benzene or simple heteroaryl rings, such as pyridine, pyrimidine, or thiophene; or fused (ring-enhanced) aromatic or heteroaryl polycyclic rings, such as naphthalene, phenanthrene, quinoline, or carbazole. In the sense of this application, fused (ring-enhanced) aromatic or heteroaryl polycyclic rings consist of two or more mutually fused simple aromatic or heteroaryl rings.

[0023] Aryl or heteroaryl groups that can be substituted by the aforementioned groups in various cases and can be attached to aromatic or heteroaryl ring systems at any desired position are particularly considered to be groups derived from the following substances: benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, dihydropyrene, leucine, perylene, fluoranthene, benzo[a]anthene, benzo[a]phenanthrene, tetraphenylbenzene, pentaphenylbenzene, benzo[a]pyrene, furan, benzo[a]furan, isobenzo[a]furan, dibenzo[a]furan, thiophene, benzo[a]thiophene. Isobenzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, pyrrole, indole, isoyindole, carbazole, pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, acridine, phenanthridine, benzo-5,6-quinoline, benzo-6,7-quinoline, benzo-7,8-quinoline, phenothiazine, phenothiazine, pyrazole, indazole, imidazole, benzimidazole, naphthiamidazole, phenanthridinemidazole, pyrazinidazole, quinoxalineidazole, pyrazinidazole, benzoxazole, benzoxazole Naphthoazole, anthraxazole, phenanthreneazole, isothazole, 1,2-thiazole, 1,3-thiazole, benzothiazole, pyridazine, benzopyridazine, pyrimidine, benzopyrimidine, quinoxaline, pyrazine, phenazine, naphthidine, azacarbazole, benzocarbline, phenanthrene, 1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, benzotriazole, 1,2,3-diazole, 1,2,4-diazole, 1,2,5-diazole Diazole, 1,3,4-diazole, 1,2,3-thiadiazole, 1,2,4-thiadiazole, 1,2,5-thiadiazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole, 1,3,5-triazine, 1,2,4-triazine, 1,2,3-triazine, tetrazolium, 1,2,4,5-tetraazine, 1,2,3,4-tetraazine, 1,2,3,5-tetraazine, purine, pteridine, indene, and benzothiadiazole.

[0024] The aryloxy group defined according to this invention is considered to be an aryl group as defined above, bonded by an oxygen atom. A similar definition applies to heteroaryloxy groups.

[0025] In the sense of this invention, an aromatic ring system contains 6 to 60 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 40 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 20 carbon atoms. In the sense of this invention, a heteroaromatic ring system contains 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, preferably 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, more preferably 5 to 20 aromatic ring atoms, wherein at least one aromatic ring atom is a heteroatom. The heteroatom is preferably selected from N, O, and / or S. In the sense of this invention, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system is intended to be considered as a system that does not necessarily contain only aryl or heteroaromatic groups, but in which multiple aryl or heteroaromatic groups are also linked by non-aromatic units (preferably less than 10% of non-H atoms), such non-aromatic units being, for example, sp... 3 Hybridized C, Si, N, or O atoms; sp 2 Hybridized C or N atoms; or sp-hybridized C atoms. Thus, systems such as 9,9'-spirodifluorene, 9,9'-diarylfluorene, triarylamines, diaryl ethers, piracene, etc., are also intended to be considered aromatic ring systems in the sense of this invention, as are systems in which two or more aryl groups are linked, for example, by straight or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl groups, or by silyl groups. Furthermore, systems in which two or more aryl or heteroaryl groups are linked by single bonds, such as systems like biphenyl, terphenyl, or diphenyltriazine, are also considered aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems in the sense of this invention.

[0026] Aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms that can be substituted by groups as defined above in various cases and can be attached to aromatic or heteroaromatic groups at any desired position are particularly considered to refer to groups or combinations of these groups derived from the following substances: benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, benzo[a]anthracene, phenanthrene, benzo[a]phenanthrene, pyrene, lecithin, perylene, fluoranthene, tetraphenyl, pentaphenyl, benzo[a]pyrene, biphenyl, diphenylide, terphenyl, diphenylide, tetraphenyl, fluorene, spirodifluorene, dihydrophenanthrene, dihydropyrene, tetrahydropyrene, cis or trans indeno[a]fluorene, trimer Indene, isotrimer indene, spirotrimer indene, spiroisotrimer indene, furan, benzofuran, isobenzofuran, dibenzofuran, thiophene, benzothiophene, isobenzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, pyrrole, indole, isoindole, carbazole, indole-carbazole, indole-carbazole, pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, acridine, phenanthridine, benzo-5,6-quinoline, benzo-6,7-quinoline, benzo-7,8-quinoline, phenothiazine, phenothiazine, pyrazole, indazole, imidazole, benzimidazole, naphthiazole, phenanthreneimidazole, pyridinium-imidazolium, quinoxaline-imidazolium Zyrazole, benzo[a]azole, naphtho[a]azole, anthraxazole, phenanthro[a]azole, iso[a]azole, 1,2-thiazole, 1,3-thiazole, benzo[a]thiazole, pyridazine, benzo[a]pyridazine, pyrimidine, benzo[a]pyrimidine, quinoxaline, 1,5-diazathane, 2,7-diazapyrene, 2,3-diazapyrene, 1,6-diazapyrene, 1,8-diazapyrene, 4,5-diazapyrene, 4,5,9,10-tetraazaperylene, pyrazine, phenazine, phenothiazine, fluorescein ring, naphthidine, azacarbazole, benzo[a]carbline, phenanthroline, 1,2,3 - Triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, benzotriazole, 1,2,3-thiadiazole, 1,2,4-thiadiazole, 1,2,5-thiadiazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole, 1,2,3-thiadiazole, 1,2,4-thiadiazole, 1,2,5-thiadiazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole, 1,3,5-triazine, 1,2,4-triazine, 1,2,3-triazine, tetrazolium, 1,2,4,5-tetraazine, 1,2,3,4-tetraazine, 1,2,3,5-tetraazine, purine, pteridine, indene, and benzothiadiazole.

[0027] For the purposes of this invention, the individual H atoms or CH2 groups may be replaced by straight-chain alkyl groups having 1 to 40 C atoms, branched or cyclic alkyl groups having 3 to 40 C atoms, or alkenyl or ynyl groups having 2 to 40 C atoms, preferably considered to be the following groups: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, 2-methylbutyl, n-pentyl, sec-pentyl, cyclopentyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl, cyclohexyl, neohexyl, n-heptyl, cycloheptyl, n-octyl, cyclooctyl, 2-ethylhexyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, vinyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, cyclopentenyl, hexenyl, cyclohexenyl, heptenyl, cycloheptenyl, octenyl, cyclooctenyl, ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentyynyl, hexynyl, or octyynyl. Alkoxy or thioalkyl groups having 1 to 40 carbon atoms are preferably considered to be methyl methoxy, trifluoromethoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, n-pentoxy, sec-pentoxy, 2-methylbutoxy, n-hexyloxy, cyclohexyloxy, n-heptoxy, cycloheptoxy, n-octoxy, cyclooctoxy, 2-ethylhexyloxy, pentafluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, methylthio, ethylthio, n-propylthio, isopropylthio, n-butylthio, isobutylthio, sec-... Butylthio, tert-butylthio, n-pentylthio, sec-pentylthio, n-hexylthio, cyclohexylthio, n-heptylthio, cycloheptylthio, n-octylthio, cyclooctylthio, 2-ethylhexylthio, trifluoromethylthio, pentafluoroethylthio, 2,2,2-trifluoroethylthio, ethylenethio, propylenethio, butenethio, pentenethio, cyclopentenethio, hexenethio, cyclohexenethio, hepenethio, cycloheptenethio, octenenethio, cyclooctenenethio, ethynylthio, propynylthio, butynylthio, pentynylthio, hexynylthio, hepynylthio, or octyynylthio.

[0028] For the purposes of this application, the description that two groups can form a ring with each other is intended to specifically refer to two groups being interconnected by chemical bonds. This is shown by the following scheme: .

[0029] However, the above description is also intended to be interpreted as referring to a situation where, in which one of the two groups represents hydrogen, the second group is bonded at the site where the hydrogen atom is bonded, thus forming a ring. This is illustrated by the following scheme: .

[0030] When two groups form a ring, it is preferable that the two groups are adjacent groups. In this invention, adjacent groups are groups bonded to atoms that are directly connected to each other or to the same atom.

[0031] When the label n is 2, then the label m is equal to 0 and equation (H-1) corresponds to equation (H-1A) as shown below:

[0032] Formula (H-1A)

[0033] The symbols have the same meaning as described above, and the ring A is selected, either identically or differently, from a ring selected from a monocyclic or polycyclic aliphatic ring system, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system that can be substituted by one or more groups R.

[0034] When the label n is 1, then the label m is equal to 1 and equation (H-1) corresponds to equation (H-1B) as shown below:

[0035] Formula (H-1B)

[0036] The symbols have the same meaning as described above.

[0037] Preferably, the hole transport host material is selected from compounds of formulas (H-2), (H-3), and (H-4):

[0038] Equation (H-2) Equation (H-3)

[0039] Equation (H-4)

[0040] Where the symbol R N1 R M1 R M2 M, Y, and the labels n and m have the same meaning as above, and wherein: The rings B, C, D, E, and F shown in formulas (H-2), (H-3), and (H-4) each time they appear represent, in the same or different ways, rings selected from monocyclic or polycyclic aliphatic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic ring systems that can be substituted with one or more groups R, and wherein... Ring B can be connected with R N1 and / or R N2 (when Y is NR) N2 (Time) bonding, Cycle E can react with group R N1 bonding, When Y is NR N2 At that time, ring F can be with R N2 Bonding, and Rings C and D, or rings E and F, can bond to each other.

[0041] Preferably, the group R M1 and RM2 Each occurrence may represent, in the same or different ways: H; D; F; a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 40, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 40, preferably 3 to 20, more preferably 3 to 10 C atoms, wherein each of the above groups may be substituted by one or more groups R and wherein one or more CH2 groups of the above groups may be substituted by Si(R)2, Ge(R)2, Sn(R)2, NR, -O- or -S- and wherein one or more H atoms of the above groups may be substituted by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2; or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60, preferably 5 to 40, more preferably 6 to 30, particularly preferably 6 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, wherein the aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system may be substituted by one or more groups R in various cases, wherein group R M1 and R M2 They can connect with each other to form monocyclic or polycyclic aliphatic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic ring systems that can be substituted by one or more groups R.

[0042] Preferably, the group R M1 and R M2 Each occurrence may represent, in the same or different ways, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60, preferably 5 to 40, more preferably 6 to 30, particularly preferably 6 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more groups R in various cases.

[0043] More preferably, the hole transport host material is selected from compounds of formula (H-2-1), (H-3-1), and (H-4-1):

[0044] Equation (H-2-1) Equation (H-3-1)

[0045] Equation (H-4-1)

[0046] Where the symbol R N1 M, Y and rings B, C, D, E, F have the same meaning as described above, and two of them, R, have... N1 The two groups Y, two rings B, two rings C, two rings D, two rings E, and two rings C can be the same or different.

[0047] Particularly preferred, the hole transport host material is selected from compounds of formula (H-2-2), (H-3-2), and (H-4-2):

[0048] Equation (H-2-2) Equation (H-3-2)

[0049] Equation (H-4-2)

[0050] The symbols M, Y, and R N1 It has the same meaning as above, and wherein: X 1 To X 8 The same or different representation of the group CR each time it appears. X Or N; and where N is selected from X 1 To X 8 Two adjacent groups in the ring can form a fused aryl ring or heteroaryl ring of monocyclic or polycyclic form having 5 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, or a monocyclic or polycyclic aliphatic ring having 5 to 18 ring atoms, wherein the ring can be substituted by one or more groups R as defined above. V 1 To V 12 The same or different representation of the group CR each time it appears. V Or N; where selected from V 1 To V 12 Two adjacent groups in the ring can form a fused aryl ring or heteroaryl ring of monocyclic or polycyclic form having 5 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, or a monocyclic or polycyclic aliphatic ring having 5 to 18 ring atoms, wherein the ring can be substituted by one or more groups R as defined above. Z 1 To Z 16 The same or different representation of the group CR each time it appears. Z Or N; where selected from V 1 To V 16 Two adjacent groups in the ring can form a fused aryl ring or heteroaryl ring of monocyclic or polycyclic form having 5 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, or a monocyclic or polycyclic aliphatic ring having 5 to 18 ring atoms, wherein the ring can be substituted by one or more groups R as defined above. R X R V R ZEach occurrence may represent, in the same or different manner: H; D; F; Cl; Br; I; C(=O)R; OSO2R; COOR; CON(R)2; a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl or alkynyl group having 2 to 40 carbon atoms, wherein each of the above groups may be substituted by one or more groups R, and one or more CH2 groups of the above groups may be substituted by Si(R)2, Ge(R)2, Sn(R)2, C=O, C=S, C=Se, C=NR. P(=O)(R), SO, SO2, NR, -O-, -S-, -COO-, or -CONR- are substituted, and one or more H atoms in the above groups can be substituted by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, or NO2; or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which in various cases can be substituted by one or more groups R; or an aralkyl or heteroaromatic group having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which can be substituted by one or more groups R, wherein two adjacent groups R X R Z R V They can connect to each other and form monocyclic or polycyclic aliphatic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic ring systems that can be substituted by one or more groups R; and When X 1 Represents CR X or Z 1 Represents CR Z When, then the corresponding R X Or R Z Can be used with R N1 The ring is formed, and the ring is selected from monocyclic or polycyclic aliphatic ring systems, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems that can be substituted by one or more groups R; When X 4 Represents CR X or Z 8 Represents CR Z When, then the corresponding R X Or R Z Can be used with R N2 A ring is formed when Y is R N2 In this case, the ring is selected from aliphatic ring systems, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems that are monocyclic or polycyclic and can be substituted by one or more groups R; When X 5 Represents CR X or Z 9 Represents CR Z When, then the corresponding R X Or R Z Can be used with R N4 Forming a ring, when Y 1 For R N4In this case, the ring is selected from aliphatic ring systems, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems that are monocyclic or polycyclic and can be substituted by one or more groups R; When X 8 Represents CR X or Z 16 Represents CR Z When, then the corresponding R X Or R Z Can be used with R N3 The ring is formed, and the ring is selected from monocyclic or polycyclic aliphatic ring systems, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems that can be substituted by one or more groups R; When Z 4 and Z 5 or Z 12 and Z 13 Represents CR Z When, then the corresponding two groups R Z They can form a ring together, the ring being selected from monocyclic or polycyclic aliphatic ring systems, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems that can be substituted by one or more groups R; R has the same meaning as described above.

[0051] More particularly preferably, the hole transport host material is selected from compounds of formula (H-2-2), (H-3-2), and (H-4-2):

[0052] Equation (H-2-2) Equation (H-3-2)

[0053] Equation (H-4-2)

[0054] The symbols therein have the same meaning as described above.

[0055] Preferably, the group R N1 R N2 Each occurrence is identical or different from the following: H; D; F; a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 40, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 40, preferably 3 to 20, more preferably 3 to 10 C atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more groups R, and wherein one or more H atoms may be substituted by D, F, or CN; an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60, preferably 5 to 40, more preferably 5 to 30, even more preferably 6 to 24, particularly preferably 6 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, wherein the aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system may be substituted by one or more groups R in various cases, and wherein: Two groups R N1 and / or two groups R N2They can connect with each other to form monocyclic or polycyclic aliphatic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic ring systems that can be substituted by one or more groups R.

[0056] More preferably, group R N1 R N2 Each occurrence is identical or different of an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60, preferably 5 to 40, more preferably 5 to 30, even more preferably 6 to 24, and particularly preferably 6 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, wherein the aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system may be substituted with one or more groups R in various cases, and wherein: Two groups R N1 and / or two groups R N2 They can connect with each other to form monocyclic or polycyclic aliphatic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic ring systems that can be substituted by one or more groups R.

[0057] According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the hole transport host material is selected from compounds of formula (H-2-2A):

[0058] Formula (H-2-2A)

[0059] in

[0060] X 1 To X 8 It has the same meaning as above; and

[0061] X 9 To X 28 The same or different representation of the group CR each time it appears. X Or N; where selected from V 9 To V 28 Two adjacent groups may form a fused aryl ring or heteroaryl ring of monocyclic or polycyclic form having 5 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, or a monocyclic or polycyclic aliphatic ring having 5 to 18 ring atoms, wherein the ring may be substituted by one or more groups R as defined above; and

[0062] Where X 1 and X 19 X 23 and X 24 X 28 and X 5 X 8 and X 9 X 13 and X 14 and / or X 18 and X 4 They can be interconnected via single bonds or divalent groups, wherein the divalent groups are selected from -C(R) X0 )2-、-C(R X0)-C(R X0 )-、-Si(R X0 )2-、-N(R X0 )-、-O-、-S-、-BR X0 -、-C(=O)-、-S(=O)-、-SO2- and -P(R X0 -, preferably via a single bond or -C(R) X0 )2-、-C(R X0 )-C(R X0 )-、-Si(R X0 )2-、-N(R X0 -, -O-, or -S- are interconnected, more preferably via a single bond or C(R) X0 )2-、-C(R X0 )-C(R X0 )-or-Si(R X0 )2- Interconnected; R X0 Each time it appears, it is independently selected from: H; D; F; a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 40, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 40, preferably 3 to 20, more preferably 3 to 10 C atoms, wherein each of the above groups may be substituted by one or more groups R and one or more CH2 groups of the above groups may be Si(R)2, Ge(R)2, Sn(R)2, C=O, C=S, C=Se, C=NR. P(=O)(R), SO, SO2, NR, -O-, -S-, -COO-, or -CONR- are substituted, and one or more H atoms in the above groups can be substituted by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, or NO2; or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60, preferably 5 to 40, more preferably 5 to 30, particularly preferably 6 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, wherein the aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system can be substituted by one or more groups R in various cases, wherein two adjacent groups R 0 They can be interconnected to form monocyclic or polycyclic aliphatic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic ring systems that can be substituted by one or more groups R; wherein R has the same meaning as described above.

[0063] More preferably, selected from X 1 To X 28 V 1 To V 12 and Z 1 To Z 16 When two adjacent groups form a fused aryl ring or a heteroaryl ring, it is preferably a fused aryl ring or a heteroaryl ring selected from groups of formula (A):

[0064] Formula (A)

[0065] The dashed lines represent bonds to the corresponding structures, and where: W represents CR W Or N; R W Each occurrence may represent, in the same or different manner: H; D; F; Cl; Br; I; C(=O)R; OSO2R; COOR; CON(R)2; a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl or alkynyl group having 2 to 40 carbon atoms, wherein each of the above groups may be substituted by one or more groups R, and one or more CH2 groups of the above groups may be substituted by Si(R)2, Ge(R)2, Sn(R)2, C=O, C=S, C=Se, C=NR. P(=O)(R), SO, SO2, NR, -O-, -S-, -COO-, or -CONR- are substituted, and one or more H atoms in the above groups can be substituted by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, or NO2; or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which in various cases can be substituted by one or more groups R; or an aralkyl or heteroaromatic group having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which can be substituted by one or more groups R, wherein two adjacent groups R W They can be interconnected to form monocyclic or polycyclic aliphatic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic ring systems that can be substituted by one or more groups R; wherein R has the same meaning as described above.

[0066] For example, the compound of formula (H-2-2B) shown below corresponds to the compound of formula (H-2-2A), wherein two adjacent groups X 2 and X 3 And two adjacent groups X 6 and X 7 Formation of fused aryl or heteroaryl rings of formula (A):

[0067] Formula (H-2-2B)

[0068] The symbols and marks mentioned therein have the same meaning as described above.

[0069] Preferably, the group R X R V R Z and R WEach instance may represent, in the same or different manner, H; D; F; Cl; Br; I; C(=O)R; OSO2R; COOR; CON(R)2; a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 40, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 40, preferably 3 to 20, more preferably 3 to 10 C atoms, wherein each of the above groups may be substituted by one or more groups R, and one or more CH2 groups of the above groups may be substituted by Si(R)2, Ge(R)2, Sn(R)2, C=O, C=S, C=Se, C=NR, P(=O)(R), SO, SO2, NR, -O-, -S-, -COO-, or -CONR- are substituted, and one or more H atoms in the above groups can be substituted by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, or NO2; or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60, preferably 5 to 40, more preferably 6 to 30, even more preferably 6 to 24, and particularly preferably 6 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, wherein the aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system can be substituted by one or more groups R in various cases, wherein two adjacent groups R X R Z R V R W They can connect with each other to form monocyclic or polycyclic aliphatic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic ring systems that can be substituted by one or more groups R.

[0070] More preferably, the group R X R V R Z And R W Each occurrence may represent, in the same or different ways: H; D; F; a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, wherein each of the above groups may be substituted by one or more groups R and one or more H atoms in the above groups may be substituted by D, F or CN; or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 6 to 30, preferably 6 to 24, more preferably 6 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, wherein the aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system may be substituted by one or more groups R in various cases, wherein two adjacent groups R X R Z R V R W They can connect with each other to form monocyclic or polycyclic aliphatic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic ring systems that can be substituted by one or more groups R.

[0071] Preferably, R represents, in each occurrence, the same or different: H; D; F; Cl; Br; I; CN; a straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy, or thioalkyl group having 1 to 40, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy, or thioalkyl group having 3 to 40, preferably 3 to 20, more preferably 3 to 10 C atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more groups R'; or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60, preferably 5 to 30, more preferably 6 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more groups R' in various cases.

[0072] Preferably, Ar, in each occurrence, is the same or different, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60, preferably 5 to 40, more preferably 6 to 30, even more preferably 6 to 24, particularly preferably 6 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, which may in various cases be substituted by one or more groups R'.

[0073] Preferably, R' represents, in each instance, the same or different: H; D; F; Cl; Br; I; CN; a straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy, or thioalkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy, or thioalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms; or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 6 to 18 aromatic ring atoms.

[0074] The following shows an example of a suitable hole transport host material according to formula (H-1):

[0075] The compositions of the present invention comprise an electron transport host material. Preferably, the electron transport host material is selected from compounds comprising groups selected from: substituted or unsubstituted triazine, pyrimidine, lactam, benzimidazole, quinazoline, quinoxaline, azadibenzofuran, diazadibenzofuran, azadibenzothiophene, diazadibenzothiophene, carboline, and triptene. When these groups are substituted, they are preferably substituted with one or more R groups as defined above.

[0076] Preferably, the LUMO of the electron transport host material, as determined by quantum chemical calculations, is ≤-2.10 eV; more preferably, LUMO is ≤-2.30 eV; and even more preferably, LUMO is ≤-2.40 eV.

[0077] The energy levels of molecular orbitals, such as the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), as well as the energy levels of the material's lowest triplet state T1 or lowest excited singlet state S1, were determined using quantum chemical calculations. All quantum chemical calculations were performed using the Gaussian package (Gaussian16). The singlet ground-state geometry was optimized at the B3LYP / 6-31G(d) theoretical level. Subsequently, the TD-DFT singlet and triplet excitation energies (vertical transitions) were calculated using the optimized ground-state geometry and the same method (B3LYP / 6-31G(d)). SCF and geometric convergence were performed using default settings. For structures containing heavy metal atoms, the calculation method was similar to that used for organic materials, except that the metal atoms used the "LanL2DZ" base setting, while the ligands used the "6-31G(d)" base setting.

[0078] Energy calculations give the HOMO level HEh or LUMO level LEh in Hartree units. The HOMO and LUMO levels in electron volts, calibrated using cyclic voltammetry measurements, are determined as follows: HOMO(eV)=(HEh×0.90603)-0.84836, LUMO(eV)=(LEh×0.99687)-0.72445.

[0079] For the purposes of this application, these values ​​are respectively regarded as the HOMO and LUMO energy levels of the material.

[0080] The lowest triplet state T1 is defined as the energy of the lowest triplet state calculated by the quantum chemistry.

[0081] The lowest excited singlet state S1 is defined as the energy of the lowest excited singlet state calculated by the quantum chemistry.

[0082] The methods described in this paper are independent of the software package used and always produce the same results. Examples of programs frequently used for this purpose are "Gaussian16" (Gaussian Inc.) and Q Chem 4.1 (Q Chem, Inc.).

[0083] According to a preferred embodiment, the electron transport host material is selected from compounds of formulas (E-1), (E-2), (E-3), and (E-4).

[0084] Equation (E-1) Equation (E-2)

[0085] Equation (E-3) Equation (E-4)

[0086] in

[0087] R E The following values ​​appear the same or different each time: H; D; F; Cl; Br; I; C(=O)R; OSO2R; COOR; CON(R)2; SiR 10 R 11 R 12 ;N(Ar N )2; having 1 to 40, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, straight-chain alkyl groups or having 3 to 40, preferably 3 to 20, more preferably 3 to 10 C atoms, branched or cyclic alkyl groups or having 2 to 40, preferably 2 to 20, more preferably 2 to 10 C atoms, wherein each of the above groups may be substituted by one or more groups R and one or more CH2 groups of the above groups may be substituted by Si(R)2, Ge(R)2, Sn(R)2, C=O, C=S, C=Se, C=NR, P(=O)(R), SO, SO2, NR, -O-, -S-, -COO- or -CONR- is substituted, and one or more H atoms in the above groups may be substituted by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, or NO2; or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60, preferably 5 to 40, more preferably 6 to 30, and very preferably 6 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more groups R in various cases; or an aralkyl or heteroaromatic group having 5 to 60, preferably 5 to 40, more preferably 6 to 30, and very preferably 6 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more groups R, wherein two groups R E It can form monocyclic or polycyclic aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems that can be substituted by one or more groups R; L, in each occurrence, may represent a single bond or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 30, preferably 6 to 18, aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more groups R. R 10 R 11 R 12Each occurrence may be selected from, in the same or different manner, of: H; D; a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 40, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 40, preferably 3 to 20, more preferably 3 to 10 C atoms, or an alkenyl or alkynyl group having 2 to 40, preferably 2 to 20, more preferably 2 to 10 C atoms, wherein each of the above groups may be substituted by one or more groups R, and one or more CH2 groups of the above groups may be replaced by Si(R)2, Ge(R)2, Sn(R)2, C=O, C=S, C=Se, C=NR, P(=O)(R), SO, SO2 The following groups may be substituted with NR, -O-, -S-, -COO-, or -CONR-, and one or more H atoms in the above groups may be substituted with D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, or NO2; or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60, preferably 5 to 40, more preferably 6 to 30, and very preferably 6 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, wherein the aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system may be substituted with one or more groups R in various cases; or an aralkyl or heteroaromatic group having 5 to 60, preferably 5 to 40, more preferably 6 to 30, and very preferably 6 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, wherein the aralkyl or heteroaromatic group may be substituted with one or more groups R; Ar N Each occurrence may refer to an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60, preferably 5 to 40, more preferably 6 to 30, and very preferably 6 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more groups R; and R has the same meaning as described above.

[0088] Preferably, the compounds of formulas (E-1) to (E-4) contain at least one R group. E Its representatives: An aromatic ring system having 6 to 60, preferably 6 to 40, more preferably 6 to 30, and very preferably 6 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, wherein the aromatic ring system may be substituted by one or more groups R; A heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60, preferably 5 to 40, more preferably 5 to 30, and very preferably 5 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, wherein the heteroaromatic ring system may be substituted by one or more groups R; Group N(Ar) N )2; or group SiR 10 R 11 R 12 .

[0089] Most preferably, R E Selected from the same or different sources each time it appears: An aromatic ring system having 6 to 60, preferably 6 to 40, more preferably 6 to 30, and very preferably 6 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, wherein the aromatic ring system may be substituted by one or more groups R; A heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60, preferably 5 to 40, more preferably 5 to 30, and very preferably 5 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, wherein the heteroaromatic ring system may be substituted by one or more groups R; Group N(Ar) N )2; or group SiR 10 R 11 R 12 .

[0090] Preferably, R 10 R 11 R 12 In each occurrence, the group is selected from, in the same or different manner, a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 40, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 40, preferably 3 to 20, more preferably 3 to 10 C atoms, wherein each of the above groups may be substituted by one or more groups R and wherein one or more H atoms in the above groups may be substituted by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2; or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60, preferably 5 to 40, more preferably 6 to 30, very preferably 6 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, wherein the aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system may be substituted by one or more groups R in various cases.

[0091] Most preferably, R 10 R 11 R 12 Each occurrence is selected from the same or different aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems having 5 to 60, preferably 5 to 40, more preferably 6 to 30, and very preferably 6 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more groups R in various cases.

[0092] Very preferably, the electron transport host material is selected from compounds of formula (E-1-A) or (E-1-B).

[0093] Formula (E-1-A)

[0094] Equation (E-1-B)

[0095] The symbol L has the same meaning as described above, and: L 1 L 2 L 3Each occurrence may represent a single bond or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 6 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more groups R; E can be CR or N; the condition is that at least two groups E represent N. E 0 For NR 22 , O or S; R E' The same or different meanings each time it appears: An aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, wherein the aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system may be substituted by one or more groups R; Group N(Ar) N )2; or group SiR 10 R 11 R 12 ; Among them, Ar N R 10 R 11 and R 12 It has the same meaning as above; R 20 R 21 R 22 Each occurrence may be selected from, in the same or different manner, of: H; D; a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 40, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 40, preferably 3 to 20, more preferably 3 to 10 C atoms, or an alkenyl or alkynyl group having 2 to 40, preferably 2 to 20, more preferably 2 to 10 C atoms, wherein each of the above groups may be substituted by one or more groups R and one or more CH2 groups of the above groups may be substituted by Si(R)2, Ge(R)2, Sn(R)2, C=O, C=S, C=Se, C=NR, P(=O)(R), SO, SO2 The following groups may be substituted with NR, -O-, -S-, -COO-, or -CONR-, and one or more H atoms in the above groups may be substituted with D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, or NO2; or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60, preferably 5 to 40, more preferably 5 to 30, and very preferably 6 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, wherein the aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system may be substituted with one or more groups R in various cases; or an aralkyl or heteroaromatic group having 5 to 60, preferably 5 to 40, more preferably 5 to 30, and very preferably 6 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, wherein the aralkyl or heteroaromatic group may be substituted with one or more groups R; r is an integer selected from 0, 1, 2 or 3; s is an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; p is an integer selected from 0, 1, or 2; when p is 0, then group L 3 It bonds directly to a 6-membered ring containing the E group.

[0096] The table below lists examples of suitable electron transport host materials for the general formula:

[0097] The composition comprises a phosphorescent metal complex. In the context of this invention, phosphorescence should be understood as emission from an excited state having a higher spin multiplicity, i.e., spin state > 1, particularly emission from an excited triplet state. In the context of this application, all luminescent complexes containing transition metals or lanthanides, particularly all iridium, platinum, and copper complexes, should be considered phosphorescent emitters.

[0098] Preferred phosphorescent metal complexes are compounds containing copper, molybdenum, tungsten, rhenium, ruthenium, osmium, rhodium, iridium, palladium, platinum, silver, gold, or europium, especially compounds containing iridium or platinum.

[0099] The actual performance of the metal composite material is as follows. 05 / 033244, WO 05 / 019373, US 2005 / 0258742, WO 2009 / 146770, WO 2010 / 015307, WO 2010 / 031485, WO 2010 / 054731, WO 2010 / 054728, WO 2010 / 086089, WO 2010 / 099852, WO 2010 / 102709, WO 2011 / 032626, WO 2011 / 066898, WO 2011 / 157339, WO 2012 / 007086, WO 2014 / 008982, WO 2014 / 023377, WO 2014 / 094961, WO 2014 / 094960, WO 2015 / 036074, WO 2015 / 104045, WO 2015 / 117718, WO 2016 / 015815, WO 2016 / 124304, WO 2017 / 032439, WO 2018 / 011186 and WO2018 / 041769, WO 2019 / 020538, WO 2018 / 178001, WO 2019 / 115423 or WO 2019 / 158453.

[0100] Preferred phosphorescent metal complexes that can be used in the compositions according to the invention are described in particular in Sungho Nam et al., Adv. Sci., 2021, 2100586 and Eungdo Kin et al., Sci. Adv., 2022, 8, eabq 1641. Furthermore, preferred phosphorescent metal complexes suitable for use as sensitizers in the phosphors described above are described in the following documents: EP 3 435 438 A2, more specifically compounds 2 and 3 on page 21; CN 109111487, more specifically compounds on pages 76 and 77; US 2020 / 0140471, more specifically compounds on pages 166 to 175; KR2020108705, more specifically compounds on pages 8 to 14; US 2019 / 0119312, more specifically compounds on pages 114 to 121; and US 2020 / 0411775, more specifically compounds described on pages 123 to 128. Furthermore, phosphorescent metal complexes disclosed in US2022115607 AA, US2022298193 AA, US2016072082 AA, and US2022271236 AA are preferred.

[0101] Preferably, the phosphorescent metal complex is a platinum complex or an iridium complex.

[0102] Examples of suitable phosphorescent metal complexes are shown below:

[0103] Other examples of phosphorescent metal complexes suitable as phosphorescent emitters in phosphorescent OLEDs, but particularly suitable as sensitizers for fluorescent emitters, and more particularly for blue fluorescent emitters, are disclosed below:

[0104] Preferably, the LUMO of the phosphorescent metal complex, as defined by quantum chemical calculations, is -1.5 eV to -3.5 eV, more preferably -1.7 eV to -3.3 eV, more preferably -1.9 eV to -3.0 eV, and even more preferably -1.9 eV to -2.6 eV.

[0105] Preferably, the HOMO of the phosphorescent metal complex, as defined by quantum chemical calculations, is -4.7 eV to -6.0 eV.

[0106] Furthermore, preferably, the energy of the lowest triplet state T1 of the phosphorescent metal complex, as defined by quantum chemical calculations, is higher than 2.55 eV.

[0107] According to a preferred embodiment, the phosphorescent metal complex is a tetradentate platinum complex, and more particularly a blue-emitting tetradentate platinum complex.

[0108] The most suitable blue phosphorescent metal complexes are compounds of the following formula (Pt-1):

[0109] Equation (Pt-1)

[0110] in: Y 1 Y 2 Y 3 Y 4 Y 5 The same or different representation of the group CR each time it appears. Y Or N; or Y 1 -Y 2 and / or Y 3 -Y 4 Or Y 4 -Y 5 It can form fused aryl rings or heteroaryl rings having 5 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more groups R in various cases; E 50 Represents C(R) the same or different each time it appears. C0) 2. NR N0 , O or S; Ar 50 Each occurrence is the same or different of an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may also be substituted by one or more groups R in various cases; Ar 51 Ar 52 Ar 53They may be identical or different from fused aryl rings or heteroaryl rings having 5 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, and in various cases may be substituted by one or more groups R; R Y Each occurrence may represent, in the same or different manner, a group selected from the following: H; D; F; Cl; Br; I; CHO; CN; C(=O)Ar; P(=O)(Ar)2; S(=O)Ar; S(=O)2Ar; N(R)2; N(Ar)2; NO2; Si(R)3; B(OR)2; OSO2R; a straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy, or thioalkyl group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy, or thioalkyl group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more groups R, wherein in various cases one or more are not adjacent. The CH2 group may be replaced by RC=CR, C≡C, Si(R)2, Ge(R)2, Sn(R)2, C=O, C=S, C=Se, P(=O)(R), SO, SO2, O, S, or CONR, and one or more H atoms may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, or NO2; an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may be replaced by one or more groups R in various cases; and an aryloxy group having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may be replaced by one or more groups R; wherein two groups R Y Together they can form aliphatic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic ring systems that can be substituted by one or more groups R; R C0 Each occurrence may represent, in the same or different manner, a group selected from the following: H; D; a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, which may be substituted by one or more groups R; an aryl or heteroaryl group having 6 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more groups R in various cases; wherein two groups R C0 Together they can form aliphatic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic ring systems that can be substituted by one or more groups R; R N0 Each occurrence may represent, in the same or different manner, a group selected from the following: H; D; F; a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more groups R, and wherein one or more H atoms may be substituted by D, F or CN; an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more groups R in various cases; R and Ar have the same meaning as described above.

[0111] Preferably, Ar50 Each occurrence is the same or different of an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 40, more preferably 5 to 30, and even more preferably 6 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, which may in various cases be substituted by one or more groups R.

[0112] Preferably, Ar 51 Ar 52 Ar 53 They may be identical or different from fused aryl rings or heteroaryl rings having 6 aromatic ring atoms, which may also be substituted by one or more groups R in various cases.

[0113] Preferably, R Y Each instance may represent, in the same or different ways: H; D; F; a straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy, or thioalkyl group having 1 to 40, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy, or thioalkyl group having 3 to 40, preferably 3 to 20, more preferably 3 to 10 C atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more groups R, wherein in various cases one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be substituted by RC=CR, C≡C, O, or S, and wherein one or more H atoms may be substituted by D or F; an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60, preferably 5 to 40, more preferably 5 to 30, particularly preferably 5 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, wherein in various cases one or more groups R may be substituted.

[0114] Preferably, R C0 Each occurrence may represent, in the same or different manner, a group selected from the following: H; D; a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 6, more preferably 1 to 3 C atoms, said straight-chain alkyl group being substituted by one or more groups R; an aryl or heteroaryl group having 6 to 18, preferably 6 to 12 aromatic ring atoms, said aryl or heteroaryl group being substituted by one or more groups R in various cases; wherein two groups R C0 Together they can form aliphatic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic ring systems that can be substituted by one or more groups R.

[0115] Preferably, R N0 Each time it appears, it represents the same or different groups selected from aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems having 5 to 60, preferably 5 to 40, more preferably 5 to 30, particularly preferably 5 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, which in various cases may be substituted by one or more groups R.

[0116] According to a preferred embodiment, the composition further comprises a fluorescent emitter.

[0117] Preferred phosphors are aromatic anthracene amines, aromatic anthracene diamines, aromatic pyrene amines, aromatic pyrene diamines, aromatic pyrine amines, or aromatic pyrine diamines. Aromatic anthracene amines are considered to be compounds in which one diarylamino group is directly bonded to anthracene group, preferably at the 9-position. Aromatic anthracene diamines are considered to be compounds in which two diarylamino groups are directly bonded to anthracene group, preferably at the 9 or 10 positions. Aromatic pyrene amines, pyrene diamines, pyrine amines, and pyrine diamines are defined in a similar manner, wherein the diarylamino groups are preferably bonded to pyrene at the 1-position or the 1,6-position. Also preferred are indoxfluoreneamine or indoxfluorene diamine according to WO 2006 / 108497 or WO 2006 / 122630, benzo[a]indofluoreneamine or benzo[a]indofluorene diamine according to WO 2008 / 006449 and dibenzo[a]indofluoreneamine or dibenzo[a]indofluorene diamine according to WO 2007 / 140847; and indoxfluorene derivatives containing fused aryl groups disclosed in WO 2010 / 012328. Other preferred luminescent materials are benzene-anthracene derivatives disclosed in WO 2015 / 158409, anthracene derivatives disclosed in WO 2017 / 036573, fluorene dimers linked by heteroaryl groups disclosed in WO 2016 / 150544, or phenazine derivatives disclosed in WO 2017 / 028940 and WO 2017 / 028941. Also preferred are pyrene arylamines disclosed in WO 2012 / 048780 and WO 2013 / 185871. Also preferred are benzo[a]indofluoreneamine disclosed in WO 2014 / 037077, benzo[a]fluoreneamine disclosed in WO 2014 / 106522, and indofluorene disclosed in WO 2014 / 111269, WO 2017 / 036574, or WO 2018 / 007421. Also preferred are luminescent bodies containing a dibenzofuran or indo[a]dibenzofuran moiety, as disclosed in WO 2018 / 095888, WO 2018 / 095940, WO 2019 / 076789, WO 2019 / 170572, WO 2020 / 043657, WO 2020 / 043646, and WO 2020 / 043640. Also preferred are boron derivatives disclosed, for example, in WO 2015 / 102118, CN108409769, CN107266484, WO2017195669, US2018069182, and WO 2020 / 208051, WO2021 / 058406 and WO 2021 / 094269.

[0118] Highly preferred phosphors are described in the following documents: WO 2021 / 090932, more specifically pages 129-133, 157-166, 171-187, 200-211, 222-227, 236-252, and 255; WO 2020 / 054676, more specifically pages 44-104; WO 2020 / 017931, more specifically pages 17-39; WO 2020 / 218079, more specifically pages 64-258; WO 2018 / 212169, more specifically pages 33-42; WO2019 / 235452, more specifically pages 46-168; US 10,249,832, more specifically pages 19 to 106; and WO2021 / 014001, more specifically pages 107 to 129.

[0119] Preferably, the emission peak wavelength of the phosphor is between 420 nm and 550 nm.

[0120] Preferably, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the phosphor is ≤50 nm, more preferably ≤40 nm, and even more preferably ≤30 nm. The method for determining FWHM will be described in the experimental section below.

[0121] The optical bandwidth of a light source is measured by its full width at half maximum (FWHM). The term FWHM refers to the width of the optical signal at half its maximum intensity.

[0122] The FWHM of the phosphor is determined by the peak emission wavelength. max It is determined that this corresponds to the wavelength of the first maximum value of the emission spectrum.

[0123] To determine the peak emission wavelength of the phosphor, the phosphor was dissolved in toluene, and photoluminescence spectra were acquired using a fluorescence spectrometer. More specifically, a concentration of 1 mg / 100 mL was used. The solution was excited in a fluorescence spectrometer such as a Hitachi F-4500. Typically, the first maximum value is also the global maximum value of the spectrum. To determine the FWHM of the phosphor, the wavelength value at half the maximum peak emission wavelength was subtracted.

[0124] Preferably, the LUMO of the fluorescent emitter, as defined by quantum chemical calculations, is -1.5 eV to -3.0 eV, more preferably -2.1 eV to -2.5 eV, and even more preferably -2.2 eV to -2.4 eV.

[0125] Preferably, the HOMO of at least one fluorescent emitter, as defined by quantum chemical calculations, is -4.7 eV to -6 eV, more preferably -4.8 eV to -5.2 eV, and even more preferably -4.9 eV to -5.1 eV.

[0126] According to a preferred embodiment, the fluorescent emitter is selected from compounds of formula (F-1):

[0127] Equation (F-1)

[0128] Ar 30 Ar 31 Ar 32 Each time it appears, it represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, either identically or differently. Y 30 Represents B or N; Y 31 Y 32 Y 33 Each occurrence may represent O, S, C(R) in the same or different ways. 0 2. C=O, C=S, C=NR 0 C=C(R) 0 )2、Si(R 0 )2、BR 0 NR 0 PR 0 SO2, SeO2, or chemical bonds, provided that Y 30 If it is B, then group Y 31 Y 32 Y 33 At least one of them represents NR 0 And if Y 30 If N is present, then group Y 31 Y 32 Y 33 At least one of them represents BR 0 ; R 0Each occurrence may represent, in the same or different ways: H; D; F; a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 10, carbon atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 20, preferably 3 to 10, carbon atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more groups R, wherein in various cases one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be substituted by O or S, and wherein one or more H atoms may be substituted by D or F; or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 40, preferably 5 to 30, more preferably 6 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, wherein in various cases one or more groups R may be substituted, wherein two adjacent groups R 0 They can be combined to form an aliphatic or aromatic ring system, which can be substituted by one or more groups R, wherein R has the same definition as in claim 1; and q is 0 or 1.

[0129] The table below lists examples of suitable phosphors:

[0130] According to a preferred embodiment, the composition comprises at least one, two, three, or four (when present) deuterated materials selected from: hole transport host materials, electron transport host materials, phosphorescent metal complexes, and phosphorescent emitters when present.

[0131] More preferably, the composition comprises at least one, two, three or four (when present) deuterated materials selected from: hole transport host materials, electron transport host materials, phosphorescent metal complexes and phosphorescent emitters when present, wherein the degree of deuteration is equal to or greater than 10%, preferably equal to or greater than 30%, more preferably equal to or greater than 60%, and even more preferably equal to or greater than 90%.

[0132] The degree of deuteration (DD) here refers to the percentage of deuterium atoms in a compound relative to the total number of deuterium and protium atoms in the compound, as shown below: DR(%)=(N D ×100) / (N P +N D ) in: N D The number of deuterium atoms in the compound NP This represents the number of deuterium and protium atoms in the compound.

[0133] Next, "D" represents deuterium and "H" (hydrogen) represents the more abundant protium.

[0134] The compositions according to the invention may also contain other organic or inorganic compounds that are also used in electronic devices, such as other light emitters or other host materials.

[0135] The compositions of the present invention can be processed by vapor deposition or from solution. If the compositions are applied from solution, a formulation of the compositions of the present invention containing at least one other solvent is required. These formulations may be, for example, solutions, dispersions, or emulsions. For this purpose, a mixture of two or more solvents is preferred.

[0136] Therefore, the present invention also provides a formulation comprising the composition of the present invention and at least one solvent.

[0137] Suitable and preferred solvents include, for example, toluene, anisole, o-, m-, or p-xylene, methyl benzoate, mesitylene, tetrahydronaphthalene, veratrine ether, THF, methyl-THF, THP, chlorobenzene, dimethylbenzene, phenoxytoluene, especially 3-phenoxytoluene, (-)-fenazine, 1,2,3,5-tetramethylbenzene, 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene, 1-methylnaphthalene, 2-methylbenzothiazole, 2-phenoxyethanol, 2-pyrrolidone, 3-methyl anisole, 4-methyl anisole, 3,4-dimethyl anisole, 3,5-dimethyl anisole, acetophenone, α-terpineol, benzothiazole Azole, butyl benzoate, methyl isopropylbenzene, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, cyclohexylbenzene, decahydronaphthalene, dodecylbenzene, ethyl benzoate, indane, methyl benzoate, NMP, p-methyl isopropylbenzene, phenethyl ether, 1,4-diisopropylbenzene, dibenzyl ether, diethylene glycol butyl methyl ether, triethylene glycol butyl methyl ether, diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, tripropylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, 2-isopropylnaphthalene, pentylbenzene, hexylbenzene, heptylbenzene, octylbenzene, 1,1-bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)ethane, hexamethyl indane, or mixtures of these solvents.

[0138] The present invention also provides the use of the compositions of the present invention in organic electronic devices, preferably in light-emitting layers.

[0139] Organic electronic devices are preferably selected from organic integrated circuits (OIC), organic field-effect transistors (OFET), organic thin-film transistors (OTFT), organic electroluminescent devices, organic solar cells (OSC), organic photodetectors, and organic photosensors, with organic electroluminescent devices being particularly preferred.

[0140] The most particularly preferred organic electroluminescent devices containing the compositions of the present invention, as described above or preferably, are organic light-emitting transistors (OLETs), organic field quenching devices (OFQDs), organic light-emitting electrochemical cells (OLECs, LECs, LEECs), organic laser diodes (O-lasers), and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs); OLECs and OLEDs are particularly preferred, and OLEDs are the most preferred.

[0141] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the electronic device is an organic electroluminescent device containing the composition described above in the light-emitting layer (EML), most preferably an organic light-emitting diode (OLED). Here, "light-emitting layer" and "light-emitting layer" are used synonymously.

[0142] Therefore, in a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the organic electroluminescent device is a device comprising an anode, a cathode and at least one organic layer, wherein the at least one organic layer comprises at least one light-emitting layer, wherein the at least one light-emitting layer comprises the composition described above.

[0143] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the organic electroluminescent device is an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), which includes an anode, a cathode, and at least one organic layer comprising at least one light-emitting layer, wherein the at least one light-emitting layer comprises the composition described above, namely, a composition comprising a hole transport host material, an electron transport host material, and a phosphorescent metal complex, wherein the luminescence of the light-emitting layer is phosphorescent luminescence generated by the phosphorescent metal complex. In this case, based on the overall composition of the light-emitting layer, the light-emitting layer preferably comprises: The main material comprising 60% to 99% by volume of both hole transport main material and electron transport main material; Phosphorescent metal complexes ranging from 1 to 40% by volume.

[0144] In another very particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the organic electroluminescent device is an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), which includes an anode, a cathode, and at least one organic layer comprising at least one light-emitting layer, wherein the at least one light-emitting layer comprises the composition described above, namely, a composition comprising a hole transport host material, an electron transport host material, a phosphorescent metal complex as a sensitizer, and a phosphor, wherein the sensitizer transfers the energy absorbed in the organic light-emitting diode to the phosphor, and the phosphor emits light through fluorescence. In this case, based on the overall composition of the light-emitting layer, the light-emitting layer preferably comprises: The main material comprising 60% to 98.5% by volume of both hole transport main material and electron transport main material; 1 to 35% by volume of phosphorescent metal complexes used as sensitizers; and 0.05 to 5% by volume of fluorescent emitters.

[0145] If the compound is treated with a solution, it is preferable to use the corresponding amount in weight percent rather than the amount in volume percent as described above.

[0146] In addition to the cathode, anode, and layers containing the inventive composition, electronic devices may also include other layers. These layers are selected, for example, from one or more hole injection layers, hole transport layers, hole blocking layers, light-emitting layers, electron transport layers, electron injection layers, electron blocking layers, exciton blocking layers, intermediate layers, charge generation layers (IDMC 2003, Taiwan, China; 21st OLED(5), T. Matsumoto, T. Nakada, J. Endo, K. Mori, N. Kawamura, A. Yokoi, J. Kido, " Multiphoton organic light-emitting devices with charge generation layers ( Multiphoton Organic EL Device Having Charge Generation Layer And / or organic or inorganic p / n junctions. However, it should be noted that not every one of these layers is required.

[0147] The preferred order of the layers in an organic light-emitting diode is as follows: Anode / hole injection layer / hole transport layer / light emission layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer / cathode.

[0148] The order of the layers is preferred. It should also be noted again that not all mentioned layers are required to exist and / or other layers may exist.

[0149] The organic light-emitting diode of the present invention may contain two or more light-emitting layers. According to the invention, at least one light-emitting layer contains the composition described above. More preferably, these light-emitting layers in this case have several overall luminescence maximums between 380 nm and 750 nm, such that the overall result is white light emission; in other words, a variety of luminescent compounds that can emit fluorescence or phosphorescence and emit blue, yellow, orange, or red light are used in the light-emitting layers. Particularly preferred are three-layer systems, i.e., systems having three light-emitting layers, wherein the three layers exhibit blue, green, and orange or red light emission (see, for example, WO 2005 / 011013 for the basic structure). It should be noted that, in order to produce white light, in addition to luminescent compounds emitting multiple colors, a single luminescent compound emitting light over a wide wavelength range may also be suitable.

[0150] Suitable charge transport materials that can be used in the hole injection or hole transport layer, or in the electron blocking layer or in the electron transport layer of the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention are, for example, compounds disclosed in Y. Shirota et al., Chem. ReV. 2007, Vol. 107 (No. 4), pp. 953-1010, or other materials used in these layers according to the prior art.

[0151] The material used for the electron transport layer can be any material used as an electron transport material in the electron transport layer according to the prior art. Particularly suitable are aluminum complexes such as Alq3, zirconium complexes such as Zrq4, benzimidazole derivatives, triazine derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, pyridine derivatives, pyrazine derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, quinoline derivatives, diazole derivatives, aromatic ketones, lactams, boranes, phosphazacyclopentane derivatives, and phosphine oxide derivatives. Other suitable materials are derivatives of the above-mentioned compounds disclosed in JP 2000 / 053957, WO 2003 / 060956, WO 2004 / 028217, WO 2004 / 080975, and WO 2010 / 072300.

[0152] Preferred hole transport materials are specifically those suitable for use in hole transport, hole injection, or electron blocking layers, such as indene-fluoreneamine derivatives (e.g., according to WO 06 / 122630 or WO 06 / 100896), amine derivatives disclosed in EP 1661888, hexaazatriphenylide derivatives (e.g., according to WO 01 / 049806), amine derivatives containing fused aromatic systems (e.g., according to US 5,061,569), amine derivatives disclosed in WO 95 / 09147, monobenzo-indenefluoreneamine (e.g., according to WO 08 / 006449), dibenzo-indenefluoreneamine (e.g., according to WO 07 / 140847), spirodifluoreneamine (e.g., according to WO2012 / 034627 or the unpublished EP 12000929.5), fluoreneamine (e.g., according to WO 01 / 049806), and fluoreneamine (e.g., according to WO 01 / 049806). WO 2014 / 015937, WO 2014 / 015938 and WO 2014 / 015935), spirodibenzopyranamine (e.g. according to WO 2013 / 083216) and dihydroacridine derivatives (e.g. according to WO 2012 / 150001).

[0153] Preferred cathodes for electronic devices are metals with low work function, metal alloys composed of multiple metals, or multilayer structures, such as alkaline earth metals, alkali metals, main group metals, or lanthanides (e.g., Ca, Ba, Mg, Al, In, Mg, Yb, Sm, etc.). Also suitable are alloys composed of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals and silver, such as alloys composed of magnesium and silver. In the case of multilayer structures, in addition to the aforementioned metals, other metals with relatively high work function, such as Ag or Al, can be used, typically in combinations of the aforementioned metals such as Ca / Ag, Mg / Ag, or Ba / Ag. It is also preferable to introduce a thin interlayer of a material with a high dielectric constant between the metal cathode and the organic semiconductor. Examples of materials suitable for this purpose are alkali metal fluorides or alkaline earth metal fluorides, and corresponding oxides or carbonates (e.g., LiF, Li₂O, BaF₂, MgO, NaF, CsF, Cs₂CO₃, etc.). Furthermore, lithium quinine (LiQ) can also be used for this purpose. The thickness of this layer is preferably 0.5 nm to 5 nm.

[0154] The preferred anode is a material with a high work function. Preferably, the anode has a work function greater than 4.5 eV relative to vacuum. Firstly, metals with high redox potentials, such as Ag, Pt, or Au, are suitable for this purpose. Secondly, metal / metal oxide electrodes (e.g., Al / Ni / NiO) are preferred. x Al / PtO x Alternatively, the anode material may be preferred. For some applications, at least one of the electrodes must be transparent or partially transparent to ensure irradiation of the organic material (organic solar cells) or light emission (OLEDs, O-lasers). The preferred anode material here is a conductive mixed metal oxide. Indium tin oxide (ITO) or indium zinc oxide (IZO) are particularly preferred. Conductively doped organic materials, especially conductively doped polymers, are also preferred. Furthermore, the anode may also consist of two or more layers, for example, an inner ITO layer and an outer metal oxide layer, preferably tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, or vanadium oxide.

[0155] Organic electronic devices are appropriately structured, have contact connections set, and are ultimately sealed during the manufacturing process (depending on the application) because the lifespan of the devices of the present invention is shortened in the presence of water and / or air.

[0156] In another preferred embodiment, the organic electronic device comprising the composition of the present invention is characterized by coating one or more organic layers comprising the composition of the present invention by sublimation. In this case, at a concentration below 10... -5 mbar, preferably below 10 -6 The material is applied via vapor deposition in a vacuum sublimation system at an initial pressure of mbar. However, the initial pressure can also be lower, for example, less than 10 mbar. -7 mbar.

[0157] Also preferred is an organic electroluminescent device, characterized by coating one or more layers using an OVPD (organic vapor deposition) method or by means of carrier gas sublimation. In this case, at 10 -5 The material is applied at a pressure of mbar to 1 bar. A special case of this method is the OVJP (Organic Vapor Jet Printing) method, in which the material is applied directly through a nozzle and thereby structured (e.g., MS Arnold et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 2008, Vol. 92, 053301).

[0158] Furthermore, an organic electroluminescent device is preferred, characterized in that one or more organic layers comprising the composition of the present invention are manufactured from a solution, for example by spin coating or by any printing method such as screen printing, flexographic printing, nozzle printing, or offset printing, but more preferably by LITI (photoinduced thermal imaging, thermal transfer printing) or inkjet printing. For this purpose, soluble compounds of the components of the composition of the present invention are required. High solubility can be achieved by appropriately substituting the corresponding compounds. The advantage of solution processing is that the layer comprising the composition of the present invention can be applied in a very simple and inexpensive manner. This technique is particularly suitable for the large-scale production of organic electronic devices.

[0159] Furthermore, a hybrid approach is feasible, in which one or more layers are applied, for example, by a solution and one or more other layers are applied by vapor deposition.

[0160] These methods are generally known to those skilled in the art and can be applied to organic electroluminescent devices.

[0161] Therefore, the present invention also provides a method for manufacturing an organic electronic device comprising the composition of the present invention as described above or preferably as described, characterized in that at least one organic layer comprising the composition of the present invention is applied by vapor deposition, particularly by sublimation and / or by OVPD (organic vapor deposition) method and / or by sublimation with the aid of a carrier gas, or from a solution, particularly by spin coating or by printing method.

[0162] In the process of fabricating organic electronic devices by vapor deposition, there are, in principle, two methods to apply or deposit an organic layer comprising the composition of the present invention, and which may contain multiple different components, onto any substrate via vapor deposition. First, the materials used can be individually loaded into material sources and ultimately evaporated from different material sources (“co-evaporation”). Second, the various materials can be premixed (premixed system), and the mixture can be initially loaded into a single material source and ultimately evaporated from said material source (“premixed evaporation”). In this way, vapor deposition of the layer can be achieved simply and rapidly under conditions of uniform component distribution without the need for precise actuation of multiple material sources.

[0163] Therefore, the present invention also provides a method characterized in that a composition described above or preferably as described above is deposited sequentially or simultaneously from at least two material sources in the gas phase, optionally together with other materials described above or preferably as described above, to form an organic layer.

[0164] Therefore, the present invention also provides a method characterized in that the inventive composition described above or preferably as described above is used as a material source for vapor deposition of the host system, optionally together with other materials to form an organic layer.

[0165] The present invention also provides a method for manufacturing an organic electronic device comprising the composition of the present invention as described above or preferably described, characterized in that an organic layer is applied using the formulation of the present invention as described above.

[0166] It should be noted that variations of the embodiments described in this invention are included within the scope of this invention. Unless expressly excluded, any feature disclosed in this invention may be replaced by an alternative feature having the same or equivalent or similar purpose. Therefore, unless otherwise stated, any feature disclosed in this invention should be considered an example of a general series or an equivalent or similar feature.

[0167] Unless specific features and / or steps are mutually exclusive, all features of the present invention can be combined with each other in any way. This applies in particular to the preferred features of the invention. Similarly, features that do not necessarily require a combination can be used individually (and not in combination).

[0168] The technical teachings disclosed in this invention can be refined and combined with other embodiments. The invention is illustrated in more detail below with reference to embodiments, but is not intended to limit the invention thereon.

[0169] Example

[0170] The following describes an embodiment of an OLED device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0171] The manufacture of OLEDs has been described multiple times in documents such as WO 04 / 058911. The methods are adapted to suit variations in layer thickness, layer order, and materials. Examples of OLED device structures according to preferred embodiments of the present invention are disclosed below.

[0172] All exemplary OLED devices have the following characteristics of an ordered layer structure: - Glass plate (hereinafter also referred to as glass substrate or base), -Indium tin oxide (hereinafter referred to as ITO), - Hole injection layer (hereinafter referred to as HIL), - Hole transport layer (hereinafter referred to as HTL), - Electron blocking layer (hereinafter referred to as EBL), - Emissive layer (hereinafter referred to as EML), - Hole blocking layer (hereinafter referred to as HBL), - Electron transport layer (hereinafter referred to as ETL), - Electron-injected layer (hereinafter referred to as EIL), - Aluminum (hereinafter referred to as cathode).

[0173] A structured 50 nm thick ITO glass substrate was pretreated with oxygen plasma, followed by argon plasma. Subsequently, materials for HIL, HTL, EBL, EML, HBL, ETL, and EIL were deposited onto the pretreated glass substrate via thermal vapor deposition in a vacuum chamber. Table A provides detailed information on HIL, HTL, EBL, EML, HBL, ETL, and EIL for the OLED device embodiments. Table B lists the materials used in these embodiments. Finally, the cathode was formed from a 100 nm thick aluminum layer.

[0174] According to one embodiment of the invention, the EML comprises a hole transport host material, an electron transport host material, and a phosphorescent metal complex material. All EML materials are deposited in parallel at a specific deposition rate, i.e., by co-evaporation, to form a (homogeneous, amorphous) mixture. The deposition rates of various materials can be selected so that each material achieves a specific volume fraction (volume %) in the mixture. For example, in Table A, the composition of an EML containing 40 vol% (labeled HH) of hole transport host material, 40 vol% (labeled EH) of electron transport host material, and 10 vol% (labeled D) of phosphorescent metal complex material is hereinafter labeled HH:EH:D (45%:45%:10%). This notation convention similarly applies to describing the composition of EMLs containing two or four different materials, and also applies when the HIL, HTL, EBL, HBL, ETL, and EIL of an OLED device contain more than one material.

[0175] The performance of OLED devices can be measured using standard methods. For this purpose, the electroluminescence (EL) spectrum and external quantum efficiency (EQE) can be determined from the current / voltage / luminance characteristic line (IUL characteristic line) based on a hypothetical Lambertian emission curve. The EL spectrum can be recorded at an emission density of 1000 cd / m², and the CIE1931 x and y coordinates can be calculated from the EL spectrum. The operating voltage U is defined as the current density at 10 mA / cm². 2 The required voltage. EQE represents a current density of 10 mA / cm². 2 External quantum efficiency at 5 mA / cm². In Table A, EQE is given as a relative EQE (rel. EQE) relative to Invention Example 1 (Ex1), where the rel. EQE is 100%. The lifetime LT90 is defined as at 5 mA / cm². 2 The time it takes for the brightness to drop to 90% of the initial brightness during operation at a constant current density. In Table A, the lifetime is given as a relative lifetime (rel.LT) relative to Invention Example 1 (Ex1), where rel.LT is 100%.

[0176] The following embodiments Ex1, Ex2, Ex3, Ex4, and Ex5 correspond to embodiments according to the present invention. StA1 is an OLED device according to the prior art such as WO2010 / 054729. Table A provides detailed information on the corresponding HIL, HTL, EBL, EML, HBL, ETL, and EIL. Table B provides the molecular structures used. The preferred embodiments of the present invention given in Table A contain fluoreneamine as HTM in HTL and HIL.

[0177] Example Ex1: The EML comprises hole transport host material H-1, electron transport host material E-2, and phosphorescent metal complex material D-3. This OLED device can be compared with the OLED device specified in Example StA1 in Table A. The two devices differ in the electron transport host material used in their respective EMLs; that is, E-1 in the case of StA1 and E-2 in the case of Ex1. Compared with the device according to StA1, the device according to Ex1 has a longer lifetime and a higher EQE.

[0178] Example Ex2: The EML comprises a hole transport host material H-1, an electron transport host material E-2, a phosphorescent metal complex material D-3, and a phosphorescent emitter Fl-1. This OLED device can be compared with the OLED device specified in Example StA1. The two devices differ in the electron transport host material used in their respective EMLs; that is, E-1 in the case of StA1 and E-2 in the case of Ex2. Furthermore, in Ex2, the EML includes the phosphor Fl-1, while the EML in StA1 does not. Compared with the device according to StA1, the device according to Ex2 has a longer lifetime and a higher EQE.

[0179] Example Ex3: Another embodiment of the present invention is provided by replacing phosphorescent metal complex material D-3 in Ex1 with phosphorescent metal complex material D-1 given in Table B.

[0180] Example Ex4: Another embodiment of the present invention is provided by replacing phosphorescent metal complex material D-3 in Ex1 with phosphorescent metal complex material D-2 given in Table B.

[0181] Example Ex5: Another embodiment of the present invention is provided by replacing phosphorescent metal complex material D-3 in Ex2 with phosphorescent metal complex material D-2 given in Table B.

[0182] Table A describes the HIL, HTL, EBL, EML, HBL, ETL, and EIL of exemplary OLED devices.

[0183]

Claims

1. A composition comprising: - Hole transport material; - Electron transport host material; and - Phosphorescent metal complexes; Its features are, The hole transport host material is selected from compounds of formula (H-1): Equation (H-1) The symbols and markings used are as follows: M is selected from Si, Ge, and Sn; A is a ring selected from aliphatic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic ring systems that can be substituted by one or more groups R; Y, whether appearing the same or different each time, represents a selection from NR. N2 Groups in O and S; R M1 R M2 The following groups, appearing in the same or different manner each time, are: H; D; F; Cl; Br; I; C(=O)R; OSO2R; COOR; CON(R)2; N(R)2; a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl or alkynyl group having 2 to 40 carbon atoms, wherein each of the above groups may be substituted by one or more groups R, and one or more CH2 groups of the above groups may be substituted by Si(R)2, Ge(R)2, Sn(R)2, C=O, C=S, C=S e, C=NR, P(=O)(R), SO, SO2, NR, -O-, -S-, -COO-, or -CONR-, wherein one or more H atoms in the above groups may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, or NO2; or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more groups R in various cases; or an aralkyl or heteroaromatic group having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more groups R. Wherein group R M1 and R M2 They can be interconnected to form monocyclic or polycyclic aliphatic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic ring systems that can be substituted by one or more groups R; R N1 R N2 In each occurrence, the following may be identical or different: H; D; F; a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more groups R and wherein one or more H atoms may be substituted by D, F, or CN; an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, wherein the aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system may be substituted by one or more groups R in various cases; and wherein: When n=m=1, group R N1 and R M1 and / or R N2 and R M2 They can be interconnected to form monocyclic or polycyclic aliphatic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic ring systems that can be substituted by one or more groups R; or When n=2, the two groups R N1 They can connect to each other and form monocyclic or polycyclic aliphatic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic ring systems that can be substituted by one or more groups R. The presence of two groups R... N2 At that time, the two groups R N1 and / or two groups R N2 They can be interconnected to form monocyclic or polycyclic aliphatic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic ring systems that can be substituted by one or more groups R; R represents, in each occurrence, either the same or different: H; D; F; Cl; Br; I; CHO; CN; C(=O)Ar; P(=O)(Ar)2; S(=O)Ar; S(=O)2Ar; N(R')2; N(Ar)2; NO2; Si(R') ) 3; B(OR')2; OSO 2R A straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy, or thioalkyl group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy, or thioalkyl group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more groups R', wherein in various cases one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be R'C=CR', C≡C, Si(R')2, Ge(R')2, Sn(R')2, C=O, C=S, C=Se, P(=O)(R'), SO, SO2, O, S, or CO. NR' substitution and one or more H atoms therein may be substituted by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2; an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more groups R' in various cases; or an aryloxy group having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more groups R'; wherein two groups R may form a monocyclic or polycyclic aliphatic ring system, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system that may be substituted by one or more groups R'; Ar is, in each occurrence, the same or different, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may in various cases be substituted by one or more groups R'; R' may represent, in each instance, the following: H; D; F; Cl; Br; I; CN; a straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy, or thioalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy, or thioalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, wherein in various cases one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be replaced by SO, SO2, O, or S, and one or more H atoms may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, or I; or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 24 aromatic ring atoms. n is 1 or 2; m is (2-n); and The electron transport host material is selected from compounds of formula (E-1-A) or (E-1-B): Formula (E-1-A) Equation (E-1-B) The symbols and markings used are as follows: L, in each occurrence, may represent a single bond or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more groups R; L 1 L 2 L 3 Each occurrence may represent a single bond or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 6 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more groups R; E can be CR or N; the condition is that at least two groups E represent N. E 0 For NR 22 , O or S; R E' The same or different meanings each time it appears: An aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, wherein the aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system may be substituted by one or more groups R; Group N(Ar) N )2; or group SiR 10 R 11 R 12 ; Ar N Each occurrence may represent, in the same or different manner, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more groups R; R 10 R 11 R 12 In each occurrence, the group is selected from the following, either identically or differently: H; D; a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 40 C atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 40 C atoms, or an alkenyl or alkynyl group having 2 to 40 C atoms, wherein each of the above groups may be substituted by one or more groups R, and one or more CH2 groups in the above groups may be substituted by Si(R)2, Ge(R)2, Sn(R)2, C=O, C=S, C=Se, C=NR, P(=O)(R), SO, SO2, NR, -O-, -S-, -COO-, or -CONR-, and wherein one or more H atoms in the above groups may be substituted by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, or NO2; or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more groups R in various cases; or an aralkyl or heteroaromatic group having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more groups R. R 20 R 21 R 22 In each occurrence, the group is selected from the following, either identically or differently: H; D; a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 40 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 40 C atoms or an alkenyl or alkynyl group having 2 to 40 C atoms, wherein each of the above groups may be substituted by one or more groups R and one or more CH2 groups of the above groups may be substituted by Si(R)2, Ge(R)2, Sn(R)2, C=O, C=S, C=Se, C=NR, P(=O)(R), SO, SO2, NR, -O-, -S-, -COO- or -CONR- and wherein one or more H atoms of the above groups may be substituted by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2; or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more groups R in various cases; or an aralkyl or heteroaromatic group having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more groups R. r is an integer selected from 0, 1, 2 or 3; s is an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; p is an integer selected from 0, 1, or 2; when p is 0, then group L 3 It bonds directly to a 6-membered ring containing the E group.

2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the hole transport host material is selected from compounds of formula (H-2), (H-3), and (H-4): Equation (H-2) Equation (H-3) Equation (H-4) Where the symbol R N1 R M1 R M2 M and Y, as well as the symbols n and m, have the same meaning as in claim 1, and wherein: The rings B, C, D, E, and F shown in formulas (H-2), (H-3), and (H-4) each time they appear represent, in the same or different ways, rings selected from monocyclic or polycyclic aliphatic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic ring systems that can be substituted with one or more groups R, and wherein... Ring B can be connected with R N1 Bonding, when Y is NR N2 At that time, ring B can be related to R. N1 and / or R N2 bonding, Cycle E can react with group R N1 bonding, When Y is NR N2 At that time, ring F can be with R N2 Bonding, and Rings C and D, or rings E and F, can bond to each other.

3. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the hole transport host material is selected from compounds of formula (H-2-1), (H-3-1), and (H-4-1): Equation (H-2-1) Equation (H-3-1) Equation (H-4-1) Where the symbol R N1 M and Y, as well as rings B, C, D, E, and F, have the same meaning as described above, and two of them, R, have the same meaning. N1 The two groups Y, two rings B, two rings C, two rings D, two rings E, and two rings C are chosen to be the same or different each time they appear.

4. The composition according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the hole transport host material is selected from compounds of formula (H-2-2), (H-3-2), and (H-4-2): Equation (H-2-2) Equation (H-3-2) Equation (H-4-2) The symbols M, Y, and R N1 It has the same meaning as in claim 1, and wherein: X 1 To X 8 The same or different representation of the group CR each time it appears. X Or N; and where N is selected from X 1 To X 8 Two adjacent groups in the ring can form a fused aryl ring or heteroaryl ring of monocyclic or polycyclic form having 5 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, or a monocyclic or polycyclic aliphatic ring having 5 to 18 ring atoms, wherein the ring can be substituted by one or more groups R as defined above. V 1 To V 12 The same or different representation of the group CR each time it appears. V Or N; where selected from V 1 To V 12 Two adjacent groups in the ring can form a fused aryl ring or heteroaryl ring of monocyclic or polycyclic form having 5 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, or a monocyclic or polycyclic aliphatic ring having 5 to 18 ring atoms, wherein the ring can be substituted by one or more groups R as defined above. Z 1 To Z 16 The same or different representation of the group CR each time it appears. Z Or N; where selected from V 1 To V 16 Two adjacent groups in the ring can form a fused aryl ring or heteroaryl ring of monocyclic or polycyclic form having 5 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, or a monocyclic or polycyclic aliphatic ring having 5 to 18 ring atoms, wherein the ring can be substituted by one or more groups R as defined above. R X R V R Z Each occurrence may represent, in the same or different manner: H; D; F; Cl; Br; I; C(=O)R; OSO2R; COOR; CON(R)2; a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl or alkynyl group having 2 to 40 carbon atoms, wherein each of the above groups may be substituted by one or more groups R, and one or more CH2 groups of the above groups may be substituted by Si(R)2, Ge(R)2, Sn(R)2, C=O, C=S, C=Se, C=NR. P(=O)(R), SO, SO2, NR, -O-, -S-, -COO-, or -CONR- are substituted, and one or more H atoms in the above groups can be substituted by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, or NO2; or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which in various cases can be substituted by one or more groups R; or an aralkyl or heteroaromatic group having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which can be substituted by one or more groups R, wherein two adjacent groups R X R Z R V They can connect to each other to form monocyclic or polycyclic aliphatic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic ring systems that can be substituted by one or more groups R; and When X 1 Represents CR X or Z 1 Represents CR Z When, then the corresponding R X or R Z Can be used with R N1 The ring is formed, and the ring is selected from monocyclic or polycyclic aliphatic ring systems, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems that can be substituted by one or more groups R; When X 4 Represents CR X or Z 8 Represents CR Z When, then the corresponding R X or R Z Can be used with R N2 A ring is formed when Y is R N2 In this case, the ring is selected from aliphatic ring systems, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems that are monocyclic or polycyclic and can be substituted by one or more groups R; When X 5 Represents CR X or Z 9 Represents CR Z When, then the corresponding R X or R Z Can be used with R N4 Forming a ring, when Y 1 For R N4 In this case, the ring is selected from aliphatic ring systems, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems that are monocyclic or polycyclic and can be substituted by one or more groups R; When X 8 Represents CR X or Z 16 Represents CR Z When, then the corresponding R X or R Z Can be used with R N3 The ring is formed, and the ring is selected from monocyclic or polycyclic aliphatic ring systems, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems that can be substituted by one or more groups R; When Z 4 and Z 5 or Z 12 and Z 13 Represents CR Z When, the corresponding two groups R Z They can form a ring together, the ring being selected from monocyclic or polycyclic aliphatic ring systems, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems that can be substituted by one or more groups R; R has the same meaning as in claim 1.

5. The composition according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the hole transport host material is selected from compounds of formula (H-2-2), (H-3-2), and (H-4-2): Equation (H-2-2) Equation (H-3-2) Equation (H-4-2) The symbols have the same meaning as in claims 1 and 4.

6. The composition according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the hole transport host material is selected from compounds of formula (H-2-2A), Formula (H-2-2A) in X 1 To X 8 It has the same meaning as in claim 4; and X 9 To X 28 The same or different representation of the group CR each time it appears. X Or N; where selected from V 9 To V 28 Two adjacent groups may form a fused aryl ring or heteroaryl ring of monocyclic or polycyclic form having 5 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, or a monocyclic or polycyclic aliphatic ring having 5 to 18 ring atoms, wherein the ring may be substituted by one or more groups R as defined above; and Where X 1 and X 19 X 23 and X 24 X 28 and X 5 X 8 and X 9 X 13 and X 14 and / or X 18 and X 4 They can be bonded together by single bonds or divalent groups, wherein the divalent groups are selected from -C(R) X0 )2-、-C(R X0 )-C(R X0 )-、-Si(R X0 )2-、-N(R X0 )-、-O-、-S-、–BR X0 -、-C(=O)-、-S(=O)-、-SO2- and -P(R X0 )-; R X0 Each time it appears, it is independently selected from: H; D; F; a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 40 atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 40 C atoms, wherein each of the above groups can be substituted by one or more groups R and one or more CH2 groups of the above groups can be substituted by Si(R)2, Ge(R)2, Sn(R)2, C=O, C=S, C=Se, C=NR, P(=O)(R), SO, SO2, NR, -O-, -S-, -COO- or -CONR- and one or more H atoms of the above groups can be substituted by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2; or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, wherein in various cases, the aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system can be substituted by one or more groups R, wherein two adjacent groups R 0 They can be interconnected to form monocyclic or polycyclic aliphatic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic ring systems that can be substituted by one or more groups R; wherein R has the same meaning as in claim 1.

7. The composition according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The phosphorescent metal complex is a platinum complex or an iridium complex.

8. The composition according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The phosphorescent metal complex is a tetradentate platinum complex.

9. The composition according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The lowest triplet state T1 of the phosphorescent metal complex, as defined by quantum chemical calculations, has an energy higher than 2.55 eV.

10. The composition according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The composition also includes a fluorescent light emitter.

11. The composition according to claim 10, characterized in that, The fluorescence emitter has a peak emission wavelength of 420 nm to 550 nm and a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of ≤50 nm.

12. The composition according to one or more of claims 10 and 11, characterized in that, The fluorescent emitter is selected from compounds of formula (F-1): Equation (F-1) Ar 30 Ar 31 Ar 32 Each time it appears, it represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, either identically or differently. Y 30 Represents B or N; Y 31 Y 32 Y 33 Each occurrence may represent O, S, C(R) in the same or different ways. 0 2. C=O, C=S, C=NR 0 C=C(R) 0 )2、Si(R 0 )2、BR 0 NR 0 PR 0 SO2, SeO2, or chemical bonds, provided that Y 30 If it is B, then group Y 31 Y 32 Y 33 At least one of them represents NR 0 And if Y 30 If N is present, then group Y 31 Y 32 Y 33 At least one of them represents BR 0 ; R 0 Each occurrence may represent, in the same or different ways: H; D; F; a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more groups R, wherein in various cases one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be substituted by O or S, and wherein one or more H atoms may be substituted by D or F; or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, wherein in various cases one or more groups R may be substituted, wherein two adjacent groups R 0 They can be combined to form an aliphatic or aromatic ring system, which can be substituted by one or more groups R, wherein R has the same definition as in claim 1; and q is 0 or 1.

13. The composition according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The composition comprises at least one deuterated material selected from hole transport host materials, electron transport host materials, phosphorescent metal complexes, and phosphorescent emitters when present, wherein the degree of deuteration is equal to or greater than 10%.

14. A formulation comprising a composition and a solvent according to one or more of the preceding claims.

15. An organic light-emitting diode comprising at least one composition according to one or more of claims 1 to 13.

16. An organic light-emitting diode, the organic light-emitting diode comprising: - Anode; - Cathode; and - At least one light-emitting layer, wherein the light-emitting layer comprises at least one composition according to one or more of claims 1 to 13.

17. An organic light-emitting diode, the organic light-emitting diode comprising: - Anode; - Cathode; - At least one light-emitting layer, wherein the light-emitting layer comprises at least one composition according to one or more of claims 10 to 12, wherein the phosphorescent metal complex is a sensitizer, and wherein the sensitizer transfers energy absorbed in the organic light-emitting diode to the phosphor, and the phosphor emits light by fluorescence.

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