Control systems for improving boiler efficiency and reducing coal consumption in thermal power units

Abstract

This invention provides a control system for improving boiler efficiency and reducing coal consumption in thermal power units. Its features include: a coal type sensing module, a multi-dimensional control module, a heating surface management module, a collaborative control module, and a monitoring and iteration module. This invention provides a control system for improving boiler efficiency and reducing coal consumption in thermal power units. Through the coal type sensing module in conjunction with the multi-dimensional control module, heating surface management module, collaborative control module, and monitoring and iteration module, an adaptive combustion optimization system for coal type is constructed. This system accurately responds to fluctuations in the type of coal entering the furnace, achieves dynamic adjustment of combustion parameters, improves the ignition stability and combustion completeness of pulverized coal, reduces fly ash carbon content and incomplete combustion losses, and establishes a collaborative control mechanism for multiple systems of the boiler and auxiliary equipment. This breaks through the limitations of single-system optimization, achieves precise matching of parameters in combustion, pulverization, and heat exchange, improves the overall energy efficiency of the unit, and enhances its intelligence and automation levels.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of thermal power units, and more particularly to a control system for boiler efficiency and coal consumption reduction in thermal power units. Background Technology

[0002] Thermal power units are conventional coal-fired units equipped with pulverized coal boilers. After long-term service, these units are gradually facing problems such as equipment aging and declining adaptability to operating conditions. Currently, the power industry is in a critical period of transformation under the guidance of "dual carbon" goals. Thermal power units must not only shoulder the heavy responsibility of peak shaving and power supply guarantee for the power system, but also cope with the dual pressures of strict environmental control and energy conservation and consumption reduction. Improving boiler efficiency and reducing coal consumption for power generation have become core issues for power plants to improve quality and efficiency and enhance their core competitiveness.

[0003] However, in actual operation, the boilers of Units 1 and 2 of the thermal power units are affected by factors such as fluctuations in coal type, inaccurate combustion adjustment, decline in heat exchange efficiency of heating surfaces, and insufficient system coordination. Due to the diversification of coal supply in the market, the coal type entering the furnace deviates from the design value, and key indicators such as volatile matter, calorific value, and ash content fluctuate frequently, resulting in poor boiler ignition stability, incomplete combustion, and high carbon content in fly ash.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a control system for improving boiler efficiency and reducing coal consumption in thermal power units to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a control system for boiler efficiency and coal consumption reduction in thermal power units, which solves the problem that the diversification of coal supply in the coal market leads to deviations from the design value of the coal type and frequent fluctuations in key indicators such as volatile matter, calorific value, and ash content.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a control system for boiler efficiency and coal consumption reduction in thermal power units, comprising: a coal type sensing module, a multi-dimensional control module, a heating surface management module, a collaborative control module, and a monitoring and iteration module; The coal type sensing module is used to quickly detect the coal type and adjust the operating parameters according to the detection structure. The multi-dimensional control module is used to monitor various parameters inside the furnace and adjust the burner operation level and angle according to the parameters. The heating surface treatment module is used to monitor the furnace heating surface in real time, and clean it according to the hazard level while adjusting the flue gas damper opening and optimizing the combustion conditions. The collaborative control module is used to adjust the speed of the coal mill, the fineness of the pulverized coal and the coal feed rate, and to regulate the speed of the induced draft fan and the forced draft fan and the opening of the damper. The monitoring and iteration module is used to build an integrated monitoring platform and to periodically optimize the core algorithm parameters of the combustion model and ash accumulation prediction model based on historical operating data.

[0007] Preferably, the coal type sensing module includes a coal type characteristic rapid detection module and a combustion parameter adaptive adjustment module. The coal type characteristic rapid detection module is used to collect various key indicators of the coal entering the furnace in real time, and the combustion parameter adaptive adjustment module is used to construct a multi-coal type adaptive combustion model based on the coal quality detection results and preset operating parameters for different coal types.

[0008] Preferably, the key indicators of the coal fed into the furnace include volatile matter, calorific value, ash content, and moisture content, and the operating parameters include primary air velocity, secondary air stratification ratio, burner inclination angle, and coal mill.

[0009] Preferably, the multi-dimensional control module includes a furnace temperature field monitoring module and a layered collaborative combustion control module. The furnace temperature field monitoring module is used to deploy multispectral temperature sensors and flue gas composition analyzers in different areas of the furnace to monitor various parameters in the furnace in real time. The layered collaborative combustion control module is used to adjust the burner operation level and angle.

[0010] Preferably, the parameters inside the furnace include the temperature at multiple points inside the furnace, CO concentration, and NOx concentration.

[0011] Preferably, the heating surface treatment module includes a state prediction and precise ash removal module and a heat exchange modification module. The state prediction and precise ash removal module is used to construct a ash accumulation and coking trend prediction model based on various parameters of the heating surface, and to clean it according to the risk level. The heat exchange modification module is used to monitor the flue gas temperature in real time, adjust the flue gas damper opening, and optimize the combustion conditions.

[0012] Preferably, the parameters of the heated surface include the heated surface wall temperature, the flue gas temperature, and the flue gas resistance.

[0013] Preferably, the coordinated control module includes a combustion-pulverizing coordinated optimization module and a combustion-fan coordinated control module. The combustion-pulverizing coordinated optimization module is used to dynamically adjust the mill speed, pulverized coal fineness and coal feed rate according to the combustion conditions. The combustion-fan coordinated control module is used to automatically adjust the speed of the induced draft fan and the forced draft fan and the damper opening according to parameters such as furnace negative pressure and flue gas flow.

[0014] Preferably, the monitoring and iteration module includes an intelligent monitoring module and a model feedback iteration module. The intelligent monitoring module is used to build an integrated monitoring platform that integrates multi-dimensional operational data such as coal quality, combustion, heat exchange, and auxiliary equipment.

[0015] Preferably, the model feedback iteration module is used to periodically optimize the core algorithm parameters of the combustion model and the ash accumulation prediction model based on historical operating data, fault records and energy efficiency indicators.

[0016] Compared with related technologies, the control system for reducing boiler efficiency and coal consumption in thermal power units provided by this invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention provides a control system for improving boiler efficiency and reducing coal consumption in thermal power units. Through a coal type sensing module combined with a multi-dimensional control module, a heating surface management module, a collaborative control module, and a monitoring and iteration module, it constructs an adaptive combustion optimization system for coal types. This system precisely addresses fluctuations in the type of coal fed into the furnace, dynamically adjusts combustion parameters, improves the ignition stability and combustion completeness of pulverized coal, reduces fly ash carbon content and incomplete combustion losses, and establishes a collaborative control mechanism for multiple systems of the boiler and auxiliary equipment. This breaks through the limitations of single-system optimization, achieving precise matching of parameters in combustion, pulverization, and heat exchange, improving the overall energy efficiency of the unit. Furthermore, it enhances the level of intelligence and automation, enabling multi-dimensional parameter fusion analysis and precise control, optimizing the furnace temperature field distribution, reducing thermal deviations, minimizing flue gas heat loss and air leakage losses, and achieving predictive and proactive optimization of heating surface conditions. Based on operational data, it predicts ash accumulation and coking trends, formulates differentiated management strategies, extends equipment lifespan, maintains efficient heat exchange of heating surfaces, and ultimately significantly improves boiler efficiency while reducing power generation coal consumption and operating costs. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the control system for reducing boiler efficiency and coal consumption in thermal power units provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0019] Please refer to the following: Figure 1 ,in, Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the control system for boiler efficiency and coal consumption reduction in thermal power units provided by the present invention. The control system for boiler efficiency and coal consumption reduction in thermal power units includes: a coal type sensing module, a multi-dimensional control module, a heating surface management module, a collaborative control module, and a monitoring and iteration module; The coal type sensing module is used to quickly detect the coal type and adjust the operating parameters according to the detection structure. The multi-dimensional control module is used to monitor various parameters inside the furnace and adjust the burner operation level and angle according to the parameters. The heating surface treatment module is used to monitor the furnace heating surface in real time, and clean it according to the hazard level while adjusting the flue gas damper opening and optimizing the combustion conditions. The collaborative control module is used to adjust the speed of the coal mill, the fineness of the pulverized coal and the coal feed rate, and to regulate the speed of the induced draft fan and the forced draft fan and the opening of the damper. The monitoring and iteration module is used to build an integrated monitoring platform and to periodically optimize the core algorithm parameters of the combustion model and ash accumulation prediction model based on historical operating data.

[0020] By combining the coal type sensing module with the multi-dimensional control module, the heating surface management module, the collaborative control module, and the monitoring and iteration module, the problem of unstable combustion and low efficiency caused by the fluctuation of the coal type fed into the boilers of Units 1 and 2 during operation was solved. The adaptive optimization of combustion parameters under different coal types was achieved, and the adaptability of the combustion system to changes in operating conditions was improved. To address the disconnect between the control of combustion, pulverization, and heating surfaces, a multi-system collaborative optimization mechanism is constructed to achieve precise matching of parameters in each stage, thus breaking through the energy efficiency bottleneck of single-system optimization.

[0021] It solves the problems of traditional control relying on manual experience, low accuracy, and slow response, and realizes multi-dimensional parameter fusion analysis and automated precise control, optimizes furnace temperature field distribution, and reduces thermal deviation and combustion loss; To solve the problem of passive treatment of ash and coking on the heated surface, to achieve condition prediction and proactive optimization treatment, to reduce flue gas heat loss and air leakage loss, and to maintain the high heat exchange efficiency of the heated surface; To address the energy efficiency degradation caused by equipment aging, customized optimization strategies are used to adapt to the characteristics of the unit, maximizing boiler efficiency and reducing coal consumption while ensuring operational safety.

[0022] The coal type sensing module includes a coal type characteristic rapid detection module and a combustion parameter adaptive adjustment module. The coal type characteristic rapid detection module is used to collect various key indicators of the coal entering the furnace in real time. The combustion parameter adaptive adjustment module is used to construct a multi-coal type adaptive combustion model based on the coal quality detection results and preset the operating parameters under different coal types.

[0023] The key indicators of the coal fed into the furnace include volatile matter, calorific value, ash content, and moisture content. The operating parameters include primary air velocity, secondary air stratification ratio, burner inclination angle, and coal mill.

[0024] Rapid coal characteristic detection module: Online coal quality detection devices are added to the raw coal bunker and the coal mill inlet to collect key indicators such as volatile matter, calorific value, ash content, and moisture of the coal entering the furnace in real time, with a data update frequency of ≥5Hz; combined with historical coal quality data and combustion condition feedback, a coal quality characteristic prediction model is constructed to predict the trend of coal quality changes and provide preliminary data support for combustion optimization.

[0025] Combustion parameter adaptive adjustment module: Based on coal quality test results, a multi-coal type adaptive combustion model is constructed, and the optimal primary air velocity, secondary air stratification ratio, burner tilt angle and coal mill operating parameter combination are preset for different coal types. The actual combustion indicators (fly ash carbon content, furnace oxygen content, and outlet flue gas temperature) are compared with the model's optimal values ​​in real time. The instructions of each actuator are dynamically corrected through a PID control algorithm to achieve automatic adaptation of combustion parameters and ensure stable combustion efficiency when coal types fluctuate.

[0026] The multi-dimensional control module includes a furnace temperature field monitoring module and a layered collaborative combustion control module. The furnace temperature field monitoring module is used to deploy multispectral temperature sensors and flue gas composition analyzers in different areas of the furnace to monitor various parameters in the furnace in real time. The layered collaborative combustion control module is used to adjust the burner operation level and angle.

[0027] The parameters inside the furnace include the temperature at multiple points within the furnace, CO concentration, and NOx concentration.

[0028] Furnace temperature field monitoring module: Multispectral temperature sensors and flue gas composition analyzers are deployed in different areas of the furnace to monitor parameters such as temperature, CO concentration, and NOx concentration at multiple points in the furnace in real time, and to construct a three-dimensional temperature field and atmosphere field model to intuitively present the combustion uniformity and thermal deviation distribution.

[0029] Layered Coordinated Combustion Control Module: Adopting an optimization strategy of "rich-lean combustion + graded air distribution", it adjusts the burner operation level and angle, strengthens stable combustion in the lower burner, and optimizes heat exchange in the upper burner; dynamically adjusts the proportion of secondary air volume in each layer, controls the combustion tangential shape, avoids flame center deviation, and keeps furnace thermal deviation within the allowable range; automatically triggers a fine-tuning mechanism to balance combustion completeness and operational safety in response to combustion oscillation and coking risks.

[0030] The heating surface treatment module includes a state prediction and precise ash removal module and a heat exchange modification module. The state prediction and precise ash removal module is used to construct a predictive model of ash accumulation and coking trend based on various parameters of the heating surface, and to clean it according to the risk level. The heat exchange modification module is used to monitor the flue gas temperature in real time, adjust the flue gas damper opening, and optimize the combustion conditions.

[0031] The parameters of the heated surface include the wall temperature of the heated surface, the flue gas temperature, and the flue gas resistance.

[0032] Condition prediction and precise dust removal module: Based on parameters such as heated surface wall temperature, flue gas temperature, and flue gas resistance, a predictive model for ash accumulation and coking trends is constructed to quantify the ash accumulation rate and coking risk level. A "predictive dust removal + differentiated frequency" strategy is adopted to start steam or sonic soot blowing devices in advance for areas with high ash accumulation risk, and extend the dust removal cycle for low-risk areas to avoid equipment wear and heat loss caused by excessive dust removal. At the same time, the air preheater is sealed and optimized by replacing high-precision seals to control the air leakage rate to below 3%.

[0033] Heat exchange modification module: Apply anti-wear coating to easily worn parts such as furnace water-cooled walls and convection tube bundles to extend equipment service life; optimize the arrangement structure of heating surfaces to reduce dead zones in flue gas flow and improve heat exchange efficiency; monitor flue gas temperature in real time and control the flue gas temperature within the optimal range by adjusting the opening of flue gas dampers and optimizing combustion conditions to reduce flue gas heat loss.

[0034] The coordinated control module includes a combustion-pulverizing coordinated optimization module and a combustion-fan coordinated control module. The combustion-pulverizing coordinated optimization module is used to dynamically adjust the pulverizer speed, pulverized coal fineness and coal feed rate according to the combustion conditions. The combustion-fan coordinated control module is used to automatically adjust the induced draft fan and forced draft fan speed and damper opening according to parameters such as furnace negative pressure and flue gas flow.

[0035] Combustion-Pulverizing Co-optimization Module: Establishes a linkage mechanism between combustion parameters and the pulverizing system, dynamically adjusts the pulverizer speed, pulverized coal fineness, and coal feed rate according to combustion conditions, and ensures that pulverized coal quality and combustion requirements are precisely matched; optimizes the pulverizer operation combination, prioritizes the operation of high-efficiency pulverizers, rationally allocates coal quantity, reduces pulverizing unit consumption, and ensures combustion stability.

[0036] Combustion-fan coordinated control module: Based on parameters such as furnace negative pressure and flue gas flow, it automatically adjusts the speed of induced draft fan and forced draft fan and the opening of dampers to adapt to changes in combustion conditions and maintain stable furnace negative pressure; it optimizes fan operating parameters to prevent the fan from deviating from high-efficiency operating conditions, reduces fan energy consumption, and achieves a balance between combustion efficiency and auxiliary machine energy consumption.

[0037] The monitoring and iteration module includes an intelligent monitoring module and a model feedback iteration module. The intelligent monitoring module is used to build an integrated monitoring platform that integrates multi-dimensional operational data such as coal quality, combustion, heat exchange, and auxiliary equipment.

[0038] The model feedback iteration module is used to periodically optimize the core algorithm parameters of the combustion model and the ash accumulation prediction model based on historical operating data, fault records and energy efficiency indicators.

[0039] Intelligent monitoring module: Construct an integrated monitoring platform that integrates multi-dimensional operational data such as coal quality, combustion, heat exchange, and auxiliary equipment to achieve functions such as real-time parameter display, trend analysis, and anomaly alarm; develop a layered visualization interface, with the plant-level interface displaying core indicators such as boiler efficiency and coal consumption, the unit-level interface displaying the operating status of each system, and the equipment-level interface displaying key equipment parameters, supporting data drill-down and historical traceability.

[0040] Model feedback iteration module: Based on historical operating data, fault records and energy efficiency indicators, it regularly optimizes the core algorithm parameters such as combustion model and ash accumulation prediction model to improve model adaptability and control accuracy; it establishes an energy efficiency analysis mechanism to compare boiler efficiency, coal consumption, heat loss and other indicators before and after optimization, forming a closed loop iteration to continuously explore energy-saving potential.

[0041] Compared with related technologies, the control system for reducing boiler efficiency and coal consumption in thermal power units provided by this invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention provides a control system for improving boiler efficiency and reducing coal consumption in thermal power units. Through a coal type sensing module combined with a multi-dimensional control module, a heating surface management module, a collaborative control module, and a monitoring and iteration module, it constructs an adaptive combustion optimization system for coal types. This system precisely addresses fluctuations in the type of coal fed into the furnace, dynamically adjusts combustion parameters, improves the ignition stability and combustion completeness of pulverized coal, reduces fly ash carbon content and incomplete combustion losses, and establishes a collaborative control mechanism for multiple systems of the boiler and auxiliary equipment. This breaks through the limitations of single-system optimization, achieving precise matching of parameters in combustion, pulverization, and heat exchange, improving the overall energy efficiency of the unit. Furthermore, it enhances the level of intelligence and automation, enabling multi-dimensional parameter fusion analysis and precise control, optimizing the furnace temperature field distribution, reducing thermal deviations, minimizing flue gas heat loss and air leakage losses, and achieving predictive and proactive optimization of heating surface conditions. Based on operational data, it predicts ash accumulation and coking trends, formulates differentiated management strategies, extends equipment lifespan, maintains efficient heat exchange of heating surfaces, and ultimately significantly improves boiler efficiency while reducing power generation coal consumption and operating costs.

[0042] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A control system for improving boiler efficiency and reducing coal consumption in thermal power units, characterized in that, include: The module includes a coal type sensing module, a multi-dimensional control module, a heating surface management module, a collaborative control module, and a monitoring and iteration module. The coal type sensing module is used to quickly detect the coal type and adjust the operating parameters according to the detection structure. The multi-dimensional control module is used to monitor various parameters inside the furnace and adjust the burner operation level and angle according to the parameters. The heating surface treatment module is used to monitor the furnace heating surface in real time, and clean it according to the hazard level while adjusting the flue gas damper opening and optimizing the combustion conditions. The collaborative control module is used to adjust the speed of the coal mill, the fineness of the pulverized coal and the coal feed rate, and to regulate the speed of the induced draft fan and the forced draft fan and the opening of the damper. The monitoring and iteration module is used to build an integrated monitoring platform and to periodically optimize the core algorithm parameters of the combustion model and ash accumulation prediction model based on historical operating data.

2. The control system for improving boiler efficiency and reducing coal consumption in thermal power units according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coal type sensing module includes a coal type characteristic rapid detection module and a combustion parameter adaptive adjustment module. The coal type characteristic rapid detection module is used to collect various key indicators of the coal entering the furnace in real time. The combustion parameter adaptive adjustment module is used to construct a multi-coal type adaptive combustion model based on the coal quality detection results and preset the operating parameters under different coal types.

3. The control system for improving boiler efficiency and reducing coal consumption in thermal power units according to claim 2, characterized in that, The key indicators of the coal fed into the furnace include volatile matter, calorific value, ash content, and moisture content. The operating parameters include primary air velocity, secondary air stratification ratio, burner inclination angle, and coal mill.

4. The control system for improving boiler efficiency and reducing coal consumption in thermal power units according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-dimensional control module includes a furnace temperature field monitoring module and a layered collaborative combustion control module. The furnace temperature field monitoring module is used to deploy multispectral temperature sensors and flue gas composition analyzers in different areas of the furnace to monitor various parameters in the furnace in real time. The layered collaborative combustion control module is used to adjust the burner operation level and angle.

5. The control system for improving boiler efficiency and reducing coal consumption in thermal power units according to claim 4, characterized in that, The parameters inside the furnace include the temperature at multiple points within the furnace, CO concentration, and NOx concentration.

6. The control system for improving boiler efficiency and reducing coal consumption in thermal power units according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating surface treatment module includes a state prediction and precise ash removal module and a heat exchange modification module. The state prediction and precise ash removal module is used to construct a predictive model of ash accumulation and coking trend based on various parameters of the heating surface, and to clean it according to the risk level. The heat exchange modification module is used to monitor the flue gas temperature in real time, adjust the flue gas damper opening, and optimize the combustion conditions.

7. The control system for improving boiler efficiency and reducing coal consumption in thermal power units according to claim 6, characterized in that, The parameters of the heated surface include the wall temperature of the heated surface, the flue gas temperature, and the flue gas resistance.

8. The control system for improving boiler efficiency and reducing coal consumption in thermal power units according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coordinated control module includes a combustion-pulverizing coordinated optimization module and a combustion-fan coordinated control module. The combustion-pulverizing coordinated optimization module is used to dynamically adjust the pulverizer speed, pulverized coal fineness and coal feed rate according to the combustion conditions. The combustion-fan coordinated control module is used to automatically adjust the induced draft fan and forced draft fan speed and damper opening according to parameters such as furnace negative pressure and flue gas flow.

9. The control system for improving boiler efficiency and reducing coal consumption in thermal power units according to claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring and iteration module includes an intelligent monitoring module and a model feedback iteration module. The intelligent monitoring module is used to build an integrated monitoring platform that integrates multi-dimensional operational data such as coal quality, combustion, heat exchange, and auxiliary equipment.

10. The control system for improving boiler efficiency and reducing coal consumption in thermal power units according to claim 9, characterized in that, The model feedback iteration module is used to periodically optimize the core algorithm parameters of the combustion model and the ash accumulation prediction model based on historical operating data, fault records and energy efficiency indicators.

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