A short-circuit-proof and self-cleaning shell-and-tube heat exchanger for gas-liquid heat exchange

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of heat exchange equipment technology, and discloses a short-circuit-proof and self-cleaning shell-and-tube heat exchanger for gas-liquid heat exchange. The heat exchanger includes a shell containing multiple sets of heat exchange tubes, and an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe connected to the shell. A scraper is slidably mounted inside the shell, with cleaning holes corresponding to the heat exchange tubes. Cleaning rings are installed within the cleaning holes. The scraper is driven by a lead screw and a servo motor to move axially along the heat exchange tubes, thereby scraping off crystals adhering to the surface of the heat exchange tubes. The scraper also has venturi holes, the throat of which communicates with the inner cavity of the cleaning holes. The negative pressure generated by the airflow adsorbs and collects the scraped dust at a dust filter. Simultaneously, a guiding structure causes the dust filter to rotate during operation, achieving backflushing dust removal. This realizes online cleaning of the heat exchange tube surface, ensuring long-term stable heat exchange efficiency, reducing system chilled water consumption and electric heating energy consumption, thereby achieving energy saving, emission reduction, and emission reduction effects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of heat exchange equipment technology, and in particular to a short-circuit-proof and self-cleaning shell-and-tube heat exchanger for gas-liquid heat exchange. Background Technology

[0002] In industrial production processes such as coal chemical, coking, synthetic ammonia, and chlor-alkali production, ammonia-containing tail gas is often generated. To improve resource utilization and reduce pollutant emissions, industries typically recover and reuse hydrogen from the tail gas, forming an ammonia-containing tail gas hydrogen recovery system. In such systems, the tail gas usually needs to undergo ammonia removal treatment, hydrogen separation, and gas drying processes to achieve hydrogen resource recovery and tail gas purification.

[0003] In existing hydrogen recovery processes for ammonia-containing tail gas, the tail gas typically first enters a deammoniation tower, where ammonia is absorbed by water washing, generating ammonia water at a temperature of approximately 40°C. To ensure stable operation of subsequent processes, this ammonia water usually needs to be further cooled to below approximately 7°C, thus requiring a chilled water system for cooling.

[0004] However, in environments containing ammonia exhaust gases, the refrigerant gas typically contains components such as ammonia, water vapor, and carbon dioxide. During heat exchange and cooling, ammonium bicarbonate and other ammonium salt crystals are easily formed. These crystals tend to adhere to the surface of the heat exchanger tubes and gradually accumulate, leading to a decrease in heat exchange efficiency and affecting the long-term stable operation of the equipment. Existing heat exchangers usually lack effective online cleaning structures, requiring periodic shutdowns to clean the crystal deposits, which not only increases maintenance costs but also affects the system's continuous operation capability.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a gas-liquid heat exchange device suitable for hydrogen recovery systems containing ammonia tail gas, which can automatically remove crystal deposits on the surface of heat exchange tubes while achieving efficient heat exchange, thereby ensuring long-term stable heat exchange efficiency and achieving the goals of energy saving, consumption reduction and emission reduction in the industrial tail gas treatment process. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to propose a short-circuit-proof and self-cleaning shell-and-tube heat exchanger for gas-liquid heat exchange, so as to solve the problem that existing shell-and-tube heat exchangers are prone to crystal deposition during ammonia-containing tail gas heat exchange, resulting in reduced heat exchange efficiency and difficulty in online cleaning.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a short-circuit-proof and self-cleaning shell-and-tube heat exchanger for gas-liquid heat exchange, comprising a shell, wherein multiple sets of heat exchange tubes are arranged inside the shell; an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe for refrigerant are connected to the shell; a scraper plate for cleaning the surface of the heat exchange tubes is slidably arranged inside the shell, the scraper plate has cleaning holes corresponding to each heat exchange tube, the outer peripheral wall of the scraper plate is in contact with the inner wall of the shell, and the scraper plate is sleeved on the outside of the corresponding heat exchange tube through the cleaning holes; a cleaning ring for scraping off crystals is arranged inside the cleaning holes; a lead screw is rotatably arranged inside the shell, and the middle part of the scraper plate is threadedly connected to the lead screw; a servo motor for driving the lead screw to rotate is arranged at the end of the shell. It also includes a dust collection device, which includes multiple sets of Venturi holes that penetrate the scraper plate. Each Venturi hole corresponds to a cleaning hole, and a through hole connects the throat of the Venturi hole to the inner cavity of the cleaning hole. A dustproof plate is provided on one side of the scraper plate, and a dustproof net is provided on the dustproof plate. The servo motor drives the lead screw to rotate, and the scraper plate, which is circumferentially fixed by the heat exchange tube, moves axially along the lead screw, causing the cleaning ring in the cleaning hole to move along the surface of the heat exchange tube to scrape off crystals. At the same time, the airflow flows through the venturi orifice, and the high-speed airflow generated at its throat causes the through hole to generate a negative pressure. This negative pressure draws in the dust scraped in the cleaning hole, causing the dust to enter the venturi orifice through the through hole and be discharged and finally adsorbed on the dustproof net, realizing the synchronous operation of scraping cleaning and dust collection.

[0008] Furthermore, the shell is provided with a first end cap and a second end cap at its two ends, and the two ends of the heat exchange tube are respectively connected to the inner cavities of the first end cap and the second end cap; a liquid inlet pipe is connected to the first end cap, and a liquid outlet pipe is connected to the second end cap; the dustproof plate is provided on one side of the scraper plate near the second end cap.

[0009] Furthermore, it also includes a transmission unit that can synchronously drive the cleaning ring to rotate as the scraper moves; the cleaning ring is rotatably disposed on the inner wall of the cleaning hole, and the cleaning ring is located at one end of the cleaning hole near the second end cap; soft bristles are provided on the inner wall of the cleaning ring.

[0010] Furthermore, the transmission unit includes a first internal gear ring fixed to the outer periphery of the cleaning ring; a fixing ring block is fixed on the inner wall of the end near the second end cap in the cleaning hole, a shaft is inserted and rotatably connected in the fixing ring block, a first gear meshing with the first internal gear ring is fixed at one end of the shaft, and a second gear is fixed at the other end of the shaft.

[0011] Furthermore, a friction wheel is rotatably connected to the outer periphery of the cleaning hole near the end of the second end cap, and the inner periphery of the friction wheel meshes with the second gear; a friction ring is rotatably provided on one side of the scraper plate near the second end cap, the inner wall of the friction ring is in frictional contact with the lead screw, and the outer peripheral wall of the friction ring is in frictional contact with the friction wheel, so as to transmit the rotational power of the lead screw to the transmission unit.

[0012] Furthermore, a sealing ring is provided on the inner wall of the end of the cleaning hole near the first end cap. The inner circumferential wall of the sealing ring is attached to the outer wall of the heat exchange tube to seal the end of the cleaning hole near the first end cap.

[0013] Furthermore, there is a gap between the inner wall of the fixed ring block and the outer wall of the heat exchange tube, which forms a venting ring hole so that external airflow flows into the cleaning hole through the venting ring hole.

[0014] Furthermore, an annular guide line is provided on the inner wall of the housing, and a guide block that slides in cooperation with the guide line is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the dustproof plate; when the scraper moves axially with the lead screw, the guide block is guided by the guide line to cause the dustproof plate to rotate, thereby driving the dustproof net to rotate synchronously.

[0015] Furthermore, the dustproof plate includes a rotating ring and a magnetic ring, the guide block is disposed on the outer periphery of the rotating ring, and the rotating ring is rotatably connected to the magnetic ring; the dustproof plate is magnetically fixed to one end of the scraper plate near the second end cap by the magnetic ring.

[0016] Furthermore, the heat exchanger also includes a dust removal assembly, and a discharge pipe is connected to the side wall of the shell, with the leftmost end of the guide line ending at the right side of the discharge pipe; When the scraper is moved to the left side of the discharge pipe, the dustproof plate is separated from the scraper by the guide line due to the locking and limiting effect of the guide line. After separation, the dustproof plate stays on the right side of the discharge pipe and is located on the left side of the air inlet pipe. In the dust removal and discharge state, by closing the air outlet pipe and opening the discharge pipe, the airflow path inside the housing is forced to change, so that the high-speed airflow entering from the air inlet pipe flows in the opposite direction from the right side to the left side of the dustproof plate, so as to back-blow the dustproof net, blow off the adsorbed dust and discharge it outward through the discharge pipe.

[0017] This invention provides a short-circuit-prevention and self-cleaning shell-and-tube heat exchanger for gas-liquid heat exchange. Inside the shell, a scraper plate that can move axially along the heat exchange tubes is installed, and a cleaning ring with soft bristles is placed in the cleaning holes. A servo motor drives a lead screw to rotate, causing the scraper plate to move the cleaning ring along the surface of the heat exchange tubes. This allows for online scraping of ammonia salt crystals adhering to the surface of the heat exchange tubes during equipment operation. Simultaneously, a venturi hole structure generates negative pressure when airflow passes through, promptly drawing in and collecting the scraped crystal particles to a dust filter, preventing dust from re-depositing on the heat exchange tube surface and ensuring a high level of cleanliness over a long period. Furthermore, by incorporating a rotating dust filter structure and a backflushing dust removal component, the collected dust can be cleaned without shutting down the system, further improving the reliability and ease of maintenance of the device. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only for this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the scraper plate and heat exchange tube structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the first-view structure of the scraper blade according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the scraper and dustproof plate according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the second-view structure of the scraper blade according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 Embodiments of the present invention Figure 7 A magnified structural diagram of A in the middle; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the third-view structure of the scraper blade according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 Embodiments of the present invention Figure 9 A magnified structural diagram of B in the diagram; Figure 11 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the cleaning hole according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 12Embodiments of the present invention Figure 11 A magnified structural diagram of C.

[0020] The diagram is marked as follows: 1. Shell; 11. First end cap; 12. Second end cap; 13. Guide line; 14. Liquid inlet pipe; 15. Liquid outlet pipe; 16. Air inlet pipe; 17. Discharge pipe; 18. Air outlet pipe; 19. Servo motor; 2. Heat exchange tube; 3. Scraper; 31. Cleaning hole; 311. Cleaning ring; 312. First internal gear ring; 313. Fixing ring block; 3131. Shaft; 314. First gear; 315. Venturing ring hole; 316. Friction wheel; 317. Second gear; 32. Venturi hole; 321. Throat; 33. Through hole; 4. Lead screw; 5. Dustproof plate; 51. Rotating ring; 52. Magnetic ring; 53. Dustproof net; 54. Guide block; 6. Friction ring. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0022] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly. Example 1

[0023] like Figure 1-12 As shown, a short-circuit-proof and self-cleaning shell-and-tube heat exchanger for gas-liquid heat exchange includes a shell 1. A first end cap 11 and a second end cap 12 are respectively provided at both ends of the shell 1. Multiple sets of heat exchange tubes 2 are provided inside the shell 1. The heat exchange tubes 2 are distributed along the axial direction of the shell 1, and both ends of the heat exchange tubes 2 are connected to the inner cavities of the first end cap 11 and the second end cap 12 respectively.

[0024] The first end cap 11 is connected to an inlet pipe 14, and the second end cap 12 is connected to an outlet pipe 15. The liquid medium enters the first end cap 11 through the inlet pipe 14, then flows into the heat exchange tube 2, and finally enters the second end cap 12 and is discharged through the outlet pipe 15.

[0025] An air inlet pipe 16 is connected to the end of the shell 1 near the first end cap 11, and an air outlet pipe 18 is connected to the end of the shell 1 near the second end cap 12. The gaseous refrigerant enters the interior of the shell 1 through the air inlet pipe 16, exchanges heat with the outer surface of the heat exchange tube 2, and is then discharged through the air outlet pipe 18.

[0026] Inside the housing 1, there is a scraper 3 for cleaning the surface of the heat exchange tube 2. The scraper 3 has multiple cleaning holes 31, and the number of cleaning holes 31 corresponds one-to-one with the number of heat exchange tubes 2. The scraper 3 is sleeved on the outside of the heat exchange tube 2 through the cleaning holes 31, and the outer peripheral wall of the scraper 3 is in contact with the inner wall of the housing 1.

[0027] A lead screw 4 is rotatably mounted axially inside the housing 1. One end of the lead screw 4 is rotatably connected to the first end cap 11, and the other end is rotatably connected to the second end cap 12. The middle part of the scraper plate 3 is threadedly connected to the lead screw 4. A servo motor 19 is provided at the end of the first end cap 11 to drive the lead screw 4 to rotate.

[0028] During operation, the servo motor 19 drives the lead screw 4 to rotate. Since the scraper 3 is limited by the heat exchange tube 2 and cannot rotate, the scraper 3 moves axially along the lead screw 4, thereby driving the cleaning hole 31 to move along the surface of the heat exchange tube 2.

[0029] A cleaning ring 311 is provided inside the cleaning hole 31. The inner wall of the cleaning ring 311 is provided with soft bristles. When the cleaning ring 311 moves along the surface of the heat exchange tube 2, it can scrape off the crystals attached to the surface of the heat exchange tube 2. Example 2

[0030] Based on Embodiment 1, in order to further improve the cleaning effect, this embodiment is provided with a transmission unit that can drive the cleaning ring 311 to rotate.

[0031] The cleaning ring 311 is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the cleaning hole 31, and is located at one end of the cleaning hole 31 near the second end cap 12. A first internal toothed ring 312 is fixedly mounted on the outer periphery of the cleaning ring 311.

[0032] A fixing ring block 313 is fixed to the inner wall of the end near the second end cap 12 in the cleaning hole 31. A shaft 3131 is inserted and rotatably connected in the fixing ring block 313. A first gear 314 is fixed to one end of the shaft 3131. The first gear 314 meshes with the first internal gear ring 312. A second gear 317 is fixed to the other end of the shaft 3131.

[0033] A friction wheel 316 is rotatably provided on the outer periphery of the cleaning hole 31 near the end of the second end cap 12, and the inner periphery of the friction wheel 316 meshes with the second gear 317.

[0034] A friction ring 6 is rotatably provided on one side of the scraper plate 3 near the second end cap 12. The inner wall of the friction ring 6 is in frictional contact with the lead screw 4, and the outer peripheral wall of the friction ring 6 is in frictional contact with the friction wheel 316.

[0035] When the lead screw 4 rotates, its rotational force drives the friction ring 6 to rotate through friction, and then transmits the friction force to the friction wheel 316, which in turn drives the second gear 317, shaft 3131 and first gear 314 to rotate, thereby driving the first internal gear ring 312 and cleaning ring 311 to rotate.

[0036] The rotation of the cleaning ring 311 during its movement allows the bristles to scrape the surface of the heat exchange tube 2 in multiple directions, thereby improving cleaning efficiency. Example 3

[0037] Based on Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, this embodiment includes a dust collection device.

[0038] The dust collection device includes a Venturi hole 32 formed on the scraper plate 3, and the Venturi hole 32 corresponds one-to-one with the cleaning hole 31. The Venturi hole 32 includes a throat 321, and a through hole 33 communicates between the throat 321 and the inner cavity of the cleaning hole 31.

[0039] A dustproof plate 5 is provided on the side of the scraper plate 3 near the second end cap 12, and a dustproof net 53 is provided on the dustproof plate 5.

[0040] When the airflow enters the housing 1 from the air inlet duct 16, it needs to flow through the venturi orifice 32. The airflow velocity increases when it flows through the throat 321 of the venturi orifice 32, thereby creating a negative pressure at the through hole 33.

[0041] The negative pressure draws the dust scraped off by the cleaning ring 311 into the through hole 33 and into the venturi hole 32, where it is then discharged with the airflow and captured by the dust screen 53.

[0042] Furthermore, a sealing ring is provided on the inner wall of the end of the cleaning hole 31 near the first end cap 11. The inner circumferential wall of the sealing ring is attached to the outer wall of the heat exchange tube 2 to seal the end of the cleaning hole 31 near the first end cap 11.

[0043] In addition, a ventilation ring hole 315 is formed between the inner wall of the fixed ring block 313 and the outer wall of the heat exchange tube 2 so that external air can enter the cleaning hole 31 through the ventilation ring hole 315, thereby forming a stable airflow path and improving the dust extraction effect. Example 4

[0044] Based on Embodiment 3, in order to prevent dust from accumulating locally on the dustproof net 53, an annular guide line 13 is provided on the inner wall of the housing 1, and a guide block 54 is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the dustproof plate 5.

[0045] When the scraper plate 3 moves axially under the drive of the lead screw 4, the guide block 54 slides along the guide line 13, thereby driving the dustproof plate 5 to rotate, and making the dustproof net 53 rotate synchronously, so that the dust is evenly distributed on the surface of the dustproof net 53 and avoiding local blockage.

[0046] Furthermore, the dustproof plate 5 includes a rotating ring 51 and a magnetic ring 52. The guide block 54 is disposed on the outer periphery of the rotating ring 51. The rotating ring 51 is rotatably connected to the magnetic ring 52. The magnetic ring 52 can be magnetically fixed to one end of the scraper plate 3 near the second end cap 12.

[0047] A discharge pipe 17 is connected to the side wall of the housing 1, and the leftmost end of the guide line 13 ends at the right side of the discharge pipe 17.

[0048] When it is necessary to clean the dust on the dustproof net 53, the servo motor 19 drives the lead screw 4 to move the scraper 3 to the left side of the discharge pipe 17. Under the locking action of the guide line 13, the dustproof plate 5 and the scraper 3 are separated by overcoming the magnetic force.

[0049] At this time, the dustproof plate 5 is positioned on the right side of the discharge pipe 17 and on the left side of the air inlet pipe 16.

[0050] Subsequently, the valves integrated in the discharge pipe 17 and the air outlet pipe 18 can be manually opened and closed externally. The air outlet pipe 18 is closed and the discharge pipe 17 is opened, so that the airflow enters from the air inlet pipe 16 and passes through the dustproof net 53 from the right side to the left side of the dustproof plate 5. The high-speed airflow blows the dust off the dustproof net 53 and discharges it through the discharge pipe 17, thereby completing the back-blowing cleaning of the dustproof net 53.

[0051] By setting up a rotating structure for the dustproof net 53 and a back-blowing dust removal component, the dust accumulated on the dustproof net 53 can be removed regularly, ensuring smooth airflow.

[0052] When the dust filter 53 becomes clogged, the airflow velocity inside the venturi orifice 32 decreases, thereby reducing the dust suction capacity and affecting cleaning efficiency.

[0053] The backflush structure of this embodiment allows for the cleaning of the dust filter 53 without shutting down the machine, thus ensuring the long-term stable operation of the heat exchanger.

[0054] Because the heat exchanger can maintain a high heat exchange efficiency for a long time, it can continuously optimize the heat exchange network, further reduce the system's chilled water energy consumption and electric heating energy consumption, thereby achieving continuous energy saving and emission reduction in the process of industrial exhaust gas treatment.

[0055] In this invention, the outer peripheral wall of the scraper plate 3 is fitted to the inner wall of the housing 1, so that the scraper plate 3 forms a partition structure along the cross section of the housing 1 inside the housing 1. When the scraper plate 3 is located between the air inlet pipe 16 and the air outlet pipe 18, the gas is forced to flow through the venturi holes 32 provided on the scraper plate 3 and the tube bundle gap area between the heat exchange tubes 2, avoiding the problem of gas short circuit.

[0056] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of the invention (including the claims) is limited to these examples; within the framework of the invention, the technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the invention as described above, which are not provided in the details for the sake of brevity.

[0057] This invention is intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications, and variations that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A short-circuit-proof and self-cleaning shell-and-tube heat exchanger for gas-liquid heat exchange, characterized in that, The device includes a housing (1), inside which multiple sets of heat exchange tubes (2) are arranged; an air inlet pipe (16) for refrigerant to enter and exit and an air outlet pipe (18) are connected to the housing (1); a scraper (3) for cleaning the surface of the heat exchange tubes (2) is slidably arranged inside the housing (1), and a cleaning hole (31) corresponding to each heat exchange tube (2) is opened on the scraper (3); the outer peripheral wall of the scraper (3) is attached to the inner wall of the housing (1); the scraper (3) is sleeved on the outside of the corresponding heat exchange tube (2) through the cleaning hole (31); a cleaning ring (311) for scraping off crystals is arranged inside the cleaning hole (31); a lead screw (4) is rotatably arranged inside the housing (1), and the middle part of the scraper (3) is threadedly connected to the lead screw (4); a servo motor (19) for driving the lead screw (4) to rotate is arranged at the end of the housing (1). It also includes a dust collection device, which includes multiple sets of Venturi holes (32) that penetrate the scraper plate (3). The Venturi holes (32) correspond one-to-one with the cleaning holes (31). A through hole (33) connects the throat (321) of the Venturi hole (32) with the inner cavity of the cleaning hole (31). A dustproof plate (5) is provided on one side of the scraper plate (3), and a dustproof net (53) is provided on the dustproof plate (5). The servo motor (19) drives the lead screw (4) to rotate. The scraper (3), which is circumferentially fixed by the heat exchange tube (2), moves axially along the lead screw (4), causing the cleaning ring (311) in the cleaning hole (31) to move along the surface of the heat exchange tube (2) to scrape off the crystals. At the same time, the airflow flows through the venturi hole (32), and the high-speed airflow generated at its throat (321) causes the through hole (33) to generate a negative pressure. This negative pressure draws in the dust scraped out in the cleaning hole (31), and the dust enters the venturi hole (32) with the through hole (33) and is discharged and finally adsorbed on the dustproof net (53).

2. A short-circuit-proof and self-cleaning shell-and-tube heat exchanger for gas-liquid heat exchange according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shell (1) is provided with a first end cap (11) and a second end cap (12) at its two ends, and the heat exchange tube (2) is connected to the inner cavity of the first end cap (11) and the second end cap (12) at its two ends, respectively; the first end cap (11) is connected to an inlet pipe (14), and the second end cap (12) is connected to an outlet pipe (15); the dustproof plate (5) is provided on one side of the scraper plate (3) near the second end cap (12).

3. A short-circuit-proof and self-cleaning shell-and-tube heat exchanger for gas-liquid heat exchange according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a transmission unit that can synchronously drive the cleaning ring (311) to rotate as the scraper (3) moves; the cleaning ring (311) is rotatably disposed on the inner wall of the cleaning hole (31), and the cleaning ring (311) is located at one end of the cleaning hole (31) near the second end cap (12); soft bristles are provided on the inner wall of the cleaning ring (311).

4. A short-circuit-proof and self-cleaning shell-and-tube heat exchanger for gas-liquid heat exchange according to claim 3, characterized in that: The transmission unit includes a first internal gear ring (312) fixed to the outer periphery of the cleaning ring (311); a fixing ring block (313) is fixed on the inner wall of the end near the second end cap (12) in the cleaning hole (31), a shaft (3131) is inserted and rotatably connected in the fixing ring block (313), a first gear (314) that meshes with the first internal gear ring (312) is fixed at one end of the shaft (3131), and a second gear (317) is fixed at the other end of the shaft (3131).

5. A short-circuit-proof and self-cleaning shell-and-tube heat exchanger for gas-liquid heat exchange according to claim 4, characterized in that: A friction wheel (316) is rotatably connected to the outer periphery of the cleaning hole (31) near the end of the second end cap (12). The inner periphery of the friction wheel (316) meshes with the second gear (317). A friction ring (6) is rotatably provided on one side of the scraper plate (3) near the second end cap (12). The inner wall of the friction ring (6) is in frictional contact with the lead screw (4), and the outer periphery of the friction ring (6) is in frictional contact with the friction wheel (316) to transmit the rotational power of the lead screw (4) to the transmission unit.

6. A short-circuit-proof and self-cleaning shell-and-tube heat exchanger for gas-liquid heat exchange according to claim 2, characterized in that: A sealing ring is provided on the inner wall of the end of the cleaning hole (31) near the first end cap (11). The inner circumferential wall of the sealing ring is attached to the outer wall of the heat exchange tube (2) to seal the end of the cleaning hole (31) near the first end cap (11).

7. A short-circuit-proof and self-cleaning shell-and-tube heat exchanger for gas-liquid heat exchange according to claim 4, characterized in that: There is a gap between the inner wall of the fixed ring block (313) and the outer wall of the heat exchange tube (2), which forms a ventilation ring hole (315) so that external airflow flows into the cleaning hole (31) through the ventilation ring hole (315).

8. A short-circuit-proof and self-cleaning shell-and-tube heat exchanger for gas-liquid heat exchange according to claim 2, characterized in that: A ring-shaped guide line (13) is provided on the inner wall of the housing (1), and a guide block (54) that slides with the guide line (13) is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the dustproof plate (5); when the scraper plate (3) moves axially with the lead screw (4), the guide block (54) is guided by the guide line (13) to cause the dustproof plate (5) to rotate, thereby driving the dustproof net (53) to rotate synchronously.

9. A short-circuit-proof and self-cleaning shell-and-tube heat exchanger for gas-liquid heat exchange according to claim 8, characterized in that: The dustproof plate (5) includes a rotating ring (51) and a magnetic ring (52). The guide block (54) is disposed on the outer periphery of the rotating ring (51). The rotating ring (51) is rotatably connected to the magnetic ring (52). The dustproof plate (5) is magnetically fixed to one end of the scraper plate (3) near the second end cap (12) by the magnetic ring (52).

10. A short-circuit-proof and self-cleaning shell-and-tube heat exchanger for gas-liquid heat exchange according to claim 9, characterized in that: It also includes a dust removal assembly, on which a discharge pipe (17) is connected to the side wall of the housing (1), and the leftmost end of the guide line (13) ends at the right side of the discharge pipe (17) and is located on the left side of the air inlet pipe (16); When the scraper (3) is moved to the left side of the discharge pipe (17), the dustproof plate (5) is separated from the scraper (3) by the locking and limiting effect of the guide line (13), and the separated dustproof plate (5) stays on the right side of the discharge pipe (17) and is located on the left side of the air inlet pipe (16). In the dust removal and discharge state, by closing the air outlet pipe (18) and opening the discharge pipe (17), the airflow path inside the housing (1) is forced to change, so that the high-speed airflow entering from the air inlet pipe (16) flows in the opposite direction from the right side to the left side of the dustproof plate (5) to back-blow the dustproof net (53), blow off the adsorbed dust and discharge it outward through the discharge pipe (17).

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