A system and method for simulating water-power coupling creep test of bank slope rock mass

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of rock mechanics experimental technology, providing a system and method for simulating water-force coupled creep testing of reservoir bank slope rock mass. The system includes a five-sided force transmission device slidably installed within a group of five sealed holes on a water storage tank. The end of the force transmission device located inside the water storage tank can apply loads to the five-sided constraint clamps. A five-sided loading device can apply loads to the end of the force transmission device located outside the water storage tank. The seepage control device has a third inlet and outlet and a fourth inlet and outlet, with the first and third inlets and outlets connected, and the second and fourth inlets and outlets connected. The invention also discloses a method for simulating water-force coupled creep testing of reservoir bank slope rock mass. This invention provides strong support for the accurate analysis of water-force coupled creep characteristics of reservoir bank slope rock mass, contributing to slope stability assessment and landslide disaster early warning.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rock mechanics experimental technology, and more particularly to a system and method for simulating water-mechanical coupling creep test of reservoir bank slope rock mass. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects, the long-term stability of reservoir bank slopes is directly related to the safe operation of the reservoir and the ecological environment of the surrounding area. Reservoir bank slope rock masses are in a complex hydro-mechanical coupling environment for extended periods: on the one hand, they bear the initial stress field formed by their own weight and overlying rock; on the other hand, they are affected by the hydraulic effects of reservoir impoundment and periodic rises and falls in water level. The rock mass is prone to creep deformation, and if the accumulated deformation exceeds a threshold, it will trigger major geological disasters such as landslides. Therefore, accurately revealing the creep evolution law, changes in permeability characteristics, and failure mechanisms of reservoir bank slope rock masses under hydro-mechanical coupling is a core technical requirement for engineering design, safety assessment, and disaster prevention.

[0003] Currently, the geotechnical engineering field has developed a variety of rock mechanics testing equipment to simulate complex working conditions. However, there are still significant shortcomings in specialized equipment for testing the water-mechanical coupling creep of reservoir bank slopes: First, the loading methods are mostly unidirectional or triaxial loading, which makes it difficult to simulate the multiaxial constraint stress state actually borne by the reservoir bank slope rock mass, and the constraint conditions deviate from the real geological environment; Second, the accuracy of water-mechanical coupling simulation is insufficient. Most equipment can only achieve single seepage or static water pressure loading, and cannot simultaneously simulate the seepage diffusion and stable seepage process caused by water level rise and fall, and it is difficult to accurately control the coupling sequence of water pressure and stress; Third, the monitoring parameters are singular, mostly focusing on deformation and load data, lacking real-time synchronous monitoring of the permeability coefficient of the entire process of internal rock mass fissure development, water diffusion and creep, and cannot fully reflect the internal evolution mechanism of water-mechanical coupling creep of the rock mass.

[0004] Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned technical bottlenecks, it is necessary to develop a test system that can accurately simulate the water-mechanical coupling creep characteristics of reservoir bank slope rock mass. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on the aforementioned technical problems, this invention aims to provide a simulated hydraulic-coupled creep test system and method for reservoir bank slope rock mass. By constructing an integrated structure of five-sided constraint loading and hydraulic-coupled seepage control, and integrating multiple types of sensors, it achieves synchronous monitoring of load, deformation, acoustic emission, resistance, water pressure, and flow rate. This accurately simulates the stress field and hydraulic environment under real working conditions, and obtains key parameters such as diffusion coefficient and permeability coefficient during the rock mass creep process in real time, providing scientific and reliable experimental data support for reservoir bank slope stability assessment.

[0006] The technical means employed in this invention are as follows:

[0007] In a first aspect, a simulated hydraulic-coupled creep test system for reservoir bank slope rock mass includes a hydraulic-coupled pressure chamber, a five-sided constraint fixture, a five-sided loading device, and a seepage control device. The hydraulic-coupled pressure chamber includes a water tank and a five-sided force transmission device. The water tank is provided with a five-sided sealing hole group, a first inlet / outlet, and a sealing through-hole. The five-sided force transmission device is sealed through and slidably installed within the five-sided sealing hole group. The end of the five-sided force transmission device located inside the water tank can apply a load to the five-sided constraint fixture. The device is equipped with a second inlet and outlet; the five-sided loading device can apply a load to the end of the five-sided force transmission device located outside the water storage tank, and the five-sided loading device drives the five-sided constraint clamp to apply a load to the rock sample through the five-sided force transmission device; the seepage control device is equipped with a third inlet and outlet and a fourth inlet and outlet, the first inlet and outlet are connected to the third inlet and outlet through a first high-pressure water pipe, the second inlet and outlet are connected to the fourth inlet and outlet through a second high-pressure water pipe, and the second high-pressure water pipe is sealed and installed through the sealed wire hole.

[0008] Furthermore, the five-sided sealing hole assembly includes an upper sealing hole, a lower sealing hole, a left sealing hole, a right sealing hole, and a rear sealing hole, which are respectively located on the upper side wall, lower side wall, left side wall, right side wall, and rear side wall of the water storage tank; the five-sided force transmission device includes an upper force transmission rod, a lower force transmission rod, a left force transmission rod, a right force transmission rod, and a rear force transmission rod, which are respectively sealed through and slidably installed in the upper sealing hole, lower sealing hole, left sealing hole, right sealing hole, and rear sealing hole.

[0009] Furthermore, the five-sided constraint fixture includes an upper pressure block, a lower pressure block, a left pressure block, a right pressure block, and a rear pressure block; the upper pressure block, lower pressure block, left pressure block, right pressure block, and rear pressure block can interlock; the ends of the upper force transmission rod located inside the water tank, the ends of the lower force transmission rod located inside the water tank, the ends of the left force transmission rod located inside the water tank, the ends of the right force transmission rod located inside the water tank, and the ends of the rear force transmission rod located inside the water tank can respectively apply loads to the upper pressure block, lower pressure block, left pressure block, right pressure block, and rear pressure block.

[0010] Furthermore, the five-sided loading device includes a loading frame, a CNC system, an upper actuator, a lower actuator, a left actuator, a right actuator, and a rear actuator. The upper actuator, lower actuator, left actuator, right actuator, and rear actuator are respectively fixedly installed on the upper side, lower side, left side, right side, and rear side within the loading frame and are all electrically connected to the CNC system. The upper actuator, lower actuator, left actuator, right actuator, and rear actuator can apply loads to the ends of the upper force transmission rod located outside the water tank, the ends of the lower force transmission rod located outside the water tank, the ends of the left force transmission rod located outside the water tank, the ends of the right force transmission rod located outside the water tank, and the ends of the rear force transmission rod located outside the water tank, respectively.

[0011] Furthermore, the left pressure block has a left cavity, in which a left acoustic emission sensor is arranged. A left terminal block is provided on the left pressure block, and the left terminal block is electrically connected to the left acoustic emission sensor. The right pressure block has a right cavity, in which a right acoustic emission sensor is arranged. A right terminal block is provided on the right pressure block, and the right terminal block is electrically connected to the right acoustic emission sensor. The left terminal block is electrically connected to the CNC system via a left data line, and the right terminal block is electrically connected to the CNC system via a right data line. Both the left and right data lines are sealed and installed through a sealed wire hole.

[0012] Furthermore, the upper pressure block has several upper cavities communicating with the outside of the upper pressure block. An upper elastic hemispherical resistance sensor is insulated and installed within each upper cavity. The upper elastic hemispherical resistance sensor extends out of its respective upper cavity and retracts into its upper cavity when subjected to pressure. An upper terminal is provided on the upper pressure block, and the upper elastic hemispherical resistance sensor is electrically connected to the upper terminal. The lower pressure block has several lower cavities communicating with the outside of the lower pressure block. An insulated device is installed within each lower cavity. Equipped with a lower elastic hemispherical resistance sensor, the lower elastic hemispherical resistance sensor extends out of the lower cavity where it is located. When subjected to pressure, the lower elastic hemispherical resistance sensor retracts into the lower cavity where it is located. The lower pressure block is provided with a lower terminal, and the lower elastic hemispherical resistance sensor is electrically connected to the lower terminal. The upper terminal is electrically connected to the CNC system through an upper data line, and the lower terminal is electrically connected to the CNC system through a lower data line. Both the upper and lower data lines are sealed and installed through a sealed wire hole.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes a displacement sensor; the displacement sensor includes an LVDT sensor, a sensor bracket and bracket screws, the LVDT sensor is fixedly mounted on the sensor bracket, and both ends of the sensor bracket are fixedly mounted on the upper pressure block and the lower pressure block by bracket screws; the LVDT sensor is electrically connected to the CNC system through a sensor data line, and the sensor data line is sealed and installed through a sealed wire hole.

[0014] Furthermore, the front side of the rear pressure block is evenly distributed with water permeable holes, the rear pressure block is provided with a rear cavity, the water permeable holes are connected to the rear cavity, and the second water inlet and outlet are provided on the lower side of the rear pressure block and are connected to the rear cavity.

[0015] Furthermore, the water storage tank has an opening on its front side; it also includes a sealing cover and sealing cover bolts, the sealing cover being fixedly installed on the opening by the sealing cover bolts.

[0016] Secondly, a method for simulating the hydro-mechanical coupling creep test of reservoir bank slope rock mass, applied to the hydro-mechanical coupling creep test system for simulating reservoir bank slope rock mass described in any one of the first aspects, includes the following steps: S1: Take a dry rock sample and install the upper, lower, left, and right pressure blocks on the upper, lower, left, and right sides of the rock sample, respectively, and fix them together with bolts; install the rear pressure block on the rear side of the rock sample, and seal the gaps between the upper, lower, left, and right pressure blocks and the rear pressure block, as well as the gaps between the upper, lower, left, right, and rear pressure blocks and the rock sample, with deformable glass glue; dry the assembly of the upper, lower, left, right, and rear pressure blocks and the rock sample. S2: After the deformable glass glue has completely dried and solidified, remove the bolts between the upper pressure block, lower pressure block, left pressure block and right pressure block. Install displacement sensors on the upper pressure block and lower pressure block. Then place the combination of the upper pressure block, lower pressure block, left pressure block, right pressure block, rear pressure block and rock sample in the water tank. Use the upper data cable, lower data cable, left data cable and right data cable to electrically connect the upper terminal, lower terminal, left terminal and right terminal to the CNC system. Use the sensor data cable to electrically connect the LVDT sensor to the CNC system. Use the second high-pressure water pipe to connect the second inlet and outlet to the fourth inlet and outlet. S3: The sealing cap is fixed to the opening of the water tank using sealing cap bolts. Then, the upper, lower, left, right and rear actuators are controlled by the CNC system to apply preload to the rock sample. Then, the upper, lower, left and right actuators are controlled by the CNC system to apply load to the rock sample to the first load preset value F1. The left and right actuators are then controlled to apply load to the rock sample to the second load preset value F2. During the loading process, the CNC system continuously monitors the load, deformation, acoustic emission and resistance signal of the rock sample. S4: Keep the load on the rock sample constant until the rock sample enters the steady-state creep stage. Then, control the seepage control device to inject water into the water storage tank through the first high-pressure water pipe and make the water pressure in the water storage tank reach the first water pressure preset value P1. The upper elastic hemispherical resistance sensor and the lower elastic hemispherical resistance sensor continuously monitor the diffusion of water in the rock sample and calculate the diffusion coefficient of the rock sample under the current stress state based on the change law of the resistance signal. The seepage control device continuously monitors the changes in water pressure and water flow. S5: After the rock sample reaches saturation, the seepage control device injects water into the rear pressure block through the second high-pressure water pipe and reaches the second water pressure preset value P2. After the rock sample reaches stable seepage, the seepage control device calculates the permeability coefficient in the rock creep process in real time according to the change of water flow. S6: Keep the load and water pressure on the rock sample constant until the rock sample is destroyed. After the rock sample is destroyed, first control the left and right actuators to unload through the CNC system, then control the upper, lower and rear actuators to unload, and finally use the seepage control device to extract the water from the water tank and the rear pressure block, and save all test data.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: This invention provides a hydraulically coupled creep test system and method for simulating reservoir bank slope rock mass. By employing a five-sided constraint loading structure, it overcomes the limitations of existing unidirectional or tridirectional loading methods, accurately reproducing the true multidirectional constraint stress state of the rock mass. Relying on the coordinated design of a seepage control device, a hydraulically coupled pressure chamber, and a five-sided constraint fixture, it can simulate the entire hydraulic process from seepage diffusion to stable seepage in stages, solving the problem of insufficient coupling accuracy in existing equipment. Simultaneously, it integrates multiple types of sensors, including acoustic emission, elastic hemispherical resistance, and displacement sensors, to synchronously collect key parameters such as load, deformation, fracture development, and permeability coefficient, comprehensively revealing the intrinsic creep mechanism. This provides strong support for the accurate analysis of the hydraulically coupled creep characteristics of reservoir bank slope rock mass, contributing to slope stability assessment and landslide disaster early warning. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a front view of a simulated hydro-mechanical coupling creep test system for reservoir bank slope rock mass according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is an overall structural diagram of the upper actuator, lower actuator, left actuator, right actuator, rear actuator, upper force transmission rod, lower force transmission rod, left force transmission rod, right force transmission rod and rear force transmission rod in this invention. Figure 3 This is a front view of the water-mechanical coupling pressure chamber in this invention; Figure 4 This is a left view of the water-force coupling pressure chamber in this invention; Figure 5 This is a front view of the five-axis constraint fixture and displacement sensor in this invention; Figure 6 This is a rear view of the five-axis constraint fixture and displacement sensor in this invention; Figure 7 This is a left view of the five-axis constraint fixture and displacement sensor in this invention; Figure 8 This is an overall structural diagram of the left and right pressure blocks in this invention; Figure 9 This is an overall structural diagram of the upper and lower pressure blocks in this invention; Figure 10 This is an overall structural diagram of the rear pressure block in this invention; Figure 11 This is an overall flowchart of a method for simulating water-mechanical coupling creep test of reservoir bank slope rock mass according to the present invention; In the diagram: 1-Water storage tank; 2-Upper force transmission rod; 3-Lower force transmission rod; 4-Left force transmission rod; 5-Right force transmission rod; 6-Upper pressure block; 7-Lower pressure block; 8-Left pressure block; 9-Right pressure block; 10-Rock sample; 11-Displacement sensor; 12-Loading frame; 13-Upper actuator; 14-Lower actuator; 15-Left actuator; 16-Right actuator; 17-CNC system; 18-Seepage control device; 19-First high-pressure water pipe; 20-Second high-pressure water pipe; 21-Rear force transmission rod; 22 - Rear actuator; 23- Sealing cover; 24- Sealing cover bolt; 25- Rear pressure block; 26- Seepage conduit; 27- Water permeable hole; 601- Upper elastic hemispherical resistance sensor; 602- Upper terminal; 701- Lower elastic hemispherical resistance sensor; 702- Lower terminal; 801- Left terminal; 802- Left acoustic emission sensor; 901- Right terminal; 902- Right acoustic emission sensor; 1101- LVDT sensor; 1102- Sensor bracket; 1103- Bracket screw. Detailed Implementation

[0020] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention or its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0023] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps described in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further discussed in subsequent figures.

[0024] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by directional terms such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" is generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention. The directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0025] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "over," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation besides the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is inverted, a device described as "above" or "above" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0026] Furthermore, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define components is merely for the purpose of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention.

[0027] Example 1: like Figures 1 to 10 As shown, a simulated hydraulic-coupled creep test system for reservoir bank slope rock mass includes a hydraulic-coupled pressure chamber, a five-sided constraint fixture, a five-sided loading device, and a seepage control device 18. The hydraulic-coupled pressure chamber includes a water storage tank 1 and a five-sided force transmission device. The water storage tank 1 is provided with a five-sided sealing hole group, a first inlet and outlet, and a sealing threading hole. The five-sided force transmission device is sealed through and slidably installed within the five-sided sealing hole group. The end of the five-sided force transmission device located inside the water storage tank 1 can apply a load to the five-sided constraint fixture. The five-sided constraint fixture is provided with a first... Two inlets and outlets; the five-sided loading device can apply a load to the end of the five-sided force transmission device located outside the water storage tank 1. The five-sided loading device drives the five-sided constraint clamp to apply a load to the rock sample 10 through the five-sided force transmission device; the seepage control device 18 is provided with a third inlet and outlet and a fourth inlet and outlet. The first inlet and outlet are connected to the third inlet and outlet through the first high-pressure water pipe 19. The second inlet and outlet are connected to the fourth inlet and outlet through the second high-pressure water pipe 20. The second high-pressure water pipe 20 is sealed and installed through the sealed wire hole.

[0028] Specifically, the seepage control device 18 can both output water to the water storage tank 1 and the five-sided constraint fixture, and can also recycle the water in the water storage tank 1 and the five-sided constraint fixture.

[0029] In this embodiment, the five-sided sealing hole group includes an upper sealing hole, a lower sealing hole, a left sealing hole, a right sealing hole, and a rear sealing hole. The upper sealing hole, lower sealing hole, left sealing hole, right sealing hole, and rear sealing hole are respectively provided on the upper side wall, lower side wall, left side wall, right side wall, and rear side wall of the water storage tank 1. The five-sided force transmission device includes an upper force transmission rod 2, a lower force transmission rod 3, a left force transmission rod 4, a right force transmission rod 5, and a rear force transmission rod 21. The upper force transmission rod 2, lower force transmission rod 3, left force transmission rod 4, right force transmission rod 5, and rear force transmission rod 21 are respectively sealed through and slidably installed in the upper sealing hole, lower sealing hole, left sealing hole, right sealing hole, and rear sealing hole.

[0030] In this embodiment, the five-sided constraint fixture includes an upper pressure block 6, a lower pressure block 7, a left pressure block 8, a right pressure block 9, and a rear pressure block 25. The upper pressure block 6, lower pressure block 7, left pressure block 8, right pressure block 9, and rear pressure block 25 can interlock. The ends of the upper force transmission rod 2 located inside the water storage tank 1, the ends of the lower force transmission rod 3 located inside the water storage tank 1, the ends of the left force transmission rod 4 located inside the water storage tank 1, the ends of the right force transmission rod 5 located inside the water storage tank 1, and the ends of the rear force transmission rod 21 located inside the water storage tank 1 can respectively apply loads to the upper pressure block 6, lower pressure block 7, left pressure block 8, right pressure block 9, and rear pressure block 25.

[0031] In this embodiment, the five-sided loading device includes a loading frame 12, a CNC system 17, an upper actuator 13, a lower actuator 14, a left actuator 15, a right actuator 16, and a rear actuator 22. The upper actuator 13, lower actuator 14, left actuator 15, right actuator 16, and rear actuator 22 are respectively fixedly installed on the upper side, lower side, left side, right side, and rear side within the loading frame 12, and are all connected to the CNC system 17. The control system 17 is electrically connected, and the upper actuator 13, lower actuator 14, left actuator 15, right actuator 16 and rear actuator 22 can respectively apply loads to the end of the upper force transmission rod 2 located outside the water storage tank 1, the end of the lower force transmission rod 3 located outside the water storage tank 1, the end of the left force transmission rod 4 located outside the water storage tank 1, the end of the right force transmission rod 5 located outside the water storage tank 1 and the end of the rear force transmission rod 21 located outside the water storage tank 1.

[0032] In this embodiment, the left pressure block 8 has a left cavity, in which a left acoustic emission sensor 802 is arranged. The left pressure block 8 has a left terminal 801, which is electrically connected to the left acoustic emission sensor 802. The right pressure block 9 has a right cavity, in which a right acoustic emission sensor 902 is arranged. The right pressure block 9 has a right terminal 901, which is electrically connected to the right acoustic emission sensor 902. The left terminal 801 is electrically connected to the CNC system 17 via a left data line, and the right terminal 901 is electrically connected to the CNC system 17 via a right data line. Both the left and right data lines are sealed and installed through a sealed wire hole.

[0033] In this embodiment, the upper pressure block 6 has several upper cavities communicating with the outside of the upper pressure block 6. An upper elastic hemispherical resistance sensor 601 is insulated and assembled within each upper cavity. The upper elastic hemispherical resistance sensor 601 extends outside its respective upper cavity and retracts into its respective upper cavity when subjected to pressure. An upper terminal 602 is provided on the upper pressure block 6, and the upper elastic hemispherical resistance sensor 601 is electrically connected to the upper terminal 602. The lower pressure block 7 has several lower cavities communicating with the outside of the lower pressure block 7. An upper elastic hemispherical resistance sensor 601 is insulated and assembled within each lower cavity. A lower elastic hemispherical resistance sensor 701 extends out of the lower cavity where it is located. When subjected to pressure, the lower elastic hemispherical resistance sensor 701 retracts into the lower cavity where it is located. A lower terminal 702 is provided on the lower pressure block 7, and the lower elastic hemispherical resistance sensor 701 is electrically connected to the lower terminal 702. The upper terminal 602 is electrically connected to the CNC system 17 through the upper data line, and the lower terminal 702 is electrically connected to the CNC system 17 through the lower data line. Both the upper and lower data lines are sealed and installed through a sealed wire hole.

[0034] Specifically, the upper cavity, the upper elastic hemispherical resistance sensor 601, the lower cavity, and the lower elastic hemispherical resistance sensor 701 are all provided in three forms.

[0035] In this embodiment, a displacement sensor 11 is also included; the displacement sensor 11 includes an LVDT sensor 1101, a sensor bracket 1102, and bracket screws 1103. The LVDT sensor 1101 is fixedly mounted on the sensor bracket 1102, and both ends of the sensor bracket 1102 are fixedly mounted on the upper pressure block 6 and the lower pressure block 7 by bracket screws 1103. The LVDT sensor 1101 is electrically connected to the CNC system 17 through a sensor data line, and the sensor data line is sealed and installed through a sealed wire hole.

[0036] In this embodiment, water-permeable holes 27 are evenly arranged on the front side of the rear pressure block 25, and a rear cavity is provided inside the rear pressure block 25. The water-permeable holes 27 are connected to the rear cavity. The second water inlet and outlet are provided on the lower side of the rear pressure block 25 and are connected to the rear cavity.

[0037] Specifically, a seepage conduit 26 is provided on the lower side of the rear pressure block 25. The top end of the seepage conduit 26 is connected to the rear cavity, and the bottom end of the seepage conduit 26 is the second inlet and outlet.

[0038] In this embodiment, the water storage tank 1 has an opening on its front side; it also includes a sealing cover 23 and a sealing cover bolt 24, wherein the sealing cover 23 is fixedly installed on the opening by the sealing cover bolt 24.

[0039] This embodiment constructs an integrated structure for five-sided constraint loading and water-mechanical coupling seepage control, integrating multiple types of sensors to achieve synchronous monitoring of load, deformation, acoustic emission, resistance, water pressure and flow rate. It accurately simulates the stress field and hydraulic environment under real working conditions, and obtains key parameters such as diffusion coefficient and permeability coefficient in real time during the rock mass creep process, providing scientific and reliable experimental data support for the stability assessment of reservoir bank slopes.

[0040] Example 2: like Figure 11 As shown, a method for simulating the hydro-mechanical coupling creep test of reservoir bank slope rock mass, applied to any of the simulated reservoir bank slope rock mass hydro-mechanical coupling creep test systems described in Example 1, includes the following steps: S1: Take a dry rock sample 10, and install the upper pressure block 6, lower pressure block 7, left pressure block 8 and right pressure block 9 on the upper side, lower side, left side and right side of the rock sample 10 respectively, and fix them to each other with bolts; install the rear pressure block 25 on the rear side of the rock sample 10, and seal the gaps between the upper pressure block 6, lower pressure block 7, left pressure block 8, right pressure block 9 and the rear pressure block 25, as well as the gaps between the upper pressure block 6, lower pressure block 7, left pressure block 8, right pressure block 9, rear pressure block 25 and the rock sample 10 with deformable glass glue, and dry the combination of the upper pressure block 6, lower pressure block 7, left pressure block 8, right pressure block 9, rear pressure block 25 and the rock sample 10; S2: After the deformable glass glue has completely dried and solidified, remove the bolts between the upper pressure block 6, the lower pressure block 7, the left pressure block 8 and the right pressure block 9. Install the displacement sensor 11 on the upper pressure block 6 and the lower pressure block 7. Then place the combination of the upper pressure block 6, the lower pressure block 7, the left pressure block 8, the right pressure block 9, the rear pressure block 25 and the rock sample 10 into the water storage tank 1. Use the upper data cable, the lower data cable, the left data cable and the right data cable to electrically connect the upper terminal 602, the lower terminal 702, the left terminal 801 and the right terminal 901 to the CNC system 17. Use the sensor data cable to electrically connect the LVDT sensor 1101 to the CNC system 17. Use the second high-pressure water pipe 20 to connect the second inlet and outlet to the fourth inlet and outlet. S3: The sealing cap 23 is fixedly installed on the opening of the water storage tank 1 using the sealing cap bolt 24. Then, the upper actuator 13, lower actuator 14, left actuator 15, right actuator 16 and rear actuator 22 are controlled by the CNC system 17 to apply a preload to the rock sample 10. Then, the upper actuator 13, lower actuator 14, left actuator 15 and right actuator 16 are controlled by the CNC system 17 to apply a load to the rock sample 10 to the first load preset value F1. The left actuator 15 and right actuator 16 are then controlled to apply a load to the rock sample 10 to the second load preset value F2. During the loading process, the CNC system 17 continuously monitors the load, deformation, acoustic emission and resistance signals of the rock sample 10. S4: Keep the load on the rock sample 10 constant until the rock sample 10 enters the steady-state creep stage. Then, control the seepage control device 18 to inject water into the water storage tank 1 through the first high-pressure water pipe 19 and make the water pressure in the water storage tank 1 reach the first water pressure preset value P1. The upper elastic hemispherical resistance sensor 601 and the lower elastic hemispherical resistance sensor 701 continuously monitor the diffusion of water in the rock sample 10 and calculate the diffusion coefficient of the rock sample 10 under the current stress state based on the change law of the resistance signal. The seepage control device 18 continuously monitors the changes in water pressure and water flow rate. S5: After the rock sample 10 reaches saturation, the seepage control device 18 injects water into the rear pressure block 25 through the second high-pressure water pipe 20 and reaches the second water pressure preset value P2. After the rock sample 10 reaches stable seepage, the seepage control device 18 calculates the permeability coefficient in the rock creep process in real time according to the change of water flow. S6: Keep the load and water pressure on the rock sample 10 constant until the rock sample 10 is destroyed. After the rock sample 10 is destroyed, first, the left actuator 15 and the right actuator 16 are unloaded by the CNC system 17, then the upper actuator 13, the lower actuator 14 and the rear actuator 22 are unloaded, and finally the water in the water storage tank 1 and the rear pressure block 25 are extracted by the seepage control device 18, and all test data are saved.

[0041] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A simulated hydraulic-coupled creep test system for reservoir bank slope rock mass, characterized in that, It includes a water-force coupling pressure chamber, a five-sided constraint fixture, a five-sided loading device, and a seepage control device (18). The water-force coupling pressure chamber includes a water storage tank (1) and a five-sided force transmission device. The water storage tank (1) is provided with a five-sided sealing hole group, a first inlet and outlet and a sealing wire hole. The five-sided force transmission device is sealed through and slidably installed in the five-sided sealing hole group. The end of the five-sided force transmission device located inside the water storage tank (1) can apply a load to the five-sided constraint clamp, and the five-sided constraint clamp is provided with a second inlet and outlet. The five-sided loading device can apply a load to the end of the five-sided force transmission device located outside the water tank (1). The five-sided loading device drives the five-sided constraint clamp to apply a load to the rock sample (10) through the five-sided force transmission device. The seepage control device (18) is provided with a third inlet and outlet and a fourth inlet and outlet. The first inlet and outlet are connected to the third inlet and outlet through a first high-pressure water pipe (19). The second inlet and outlet are connected to the fourth inlet and outlet through a second high-pressure water pipe (20). The second high-pressure water pipe (20) is sealed and installed through the sealed wire hole.

2. The simulated reservoir bank slope rock mass hydro-mechanical coupling creep test system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The five-sided sealing hole group includes an upper sealing hole, a lower sealing hole, a left sealing hole, a right sealing hole and a rear sealing hole. The upper sealing hole, lower sealing hole, left sealing hole, right sealing hole and rear sealing hole are respectively provided on the upper side wall, lower side wall, left side wall, right side wall and rear side wall of the water storage tank (1). The five-sided force transmission device includes an upper force transmission rod (2), a lower force transmission rod (3), a left force transmission rod (4), a right force transmission rod (5), and a rear force transmission rod (21). The upper force transmission rod (2), the lower force transmission rod (3), the left force transmission rod (4), the right force transmission rod (5), and the rear force transmission rod (21) are respectively sealed through and slidably installed in the upper sealing hole, the lower sealing hole, the left sealing hole, the right sealing hole, and the rear sealing hole.

3. The simulated reservoir bank slope rock mass hydro-mechanical coupling creep test system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The five-sided constraint fixture includes an upper pressure block (6), a lower pressure block (7), a left pressure block (8), a right pressure block (9), and a rear pressure block (25). The upper pressure block (6), lower pressure block (7), left pressure block (8), right pressure block (9) and rear pressure block (25) can be interlocked. The ends of the upper force transmission rod (2) located in the water storage tank (1), the ends of the lower force transmission rod (3) located in the water storage tank (1), the ends of the left force transmission rod (4) located in the water storage tank (1), the ends of the right force transmission rod (5) located in the water storage tank (1) and the ends of the rear force transmission rod (21) located in the water storage tank (1) can respectively apply loads to the upper pressure block (6), lower pressure block (7), left pressure block (8), right pressure block (9) and rear pressure block (25).

4. The simulated reservoir bank slope rock mass hydro-mechanical coupling creep test system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The five-sided loading device includes a loading frame (12), a CNC system (17), an upper actuator (13), a lower actuator (14), a left actuator (15), a right actuator (16), and a rear actuator (22). The upper actuator (13), lower actuator (14), left actuator (15), right actuator (16), and rear actuator (22) are respectively fixedly installed on the upper side, lower side, left side, right side, and rear side of the loading frame (12) and are all connected to the CNC system (17). Electrically connected, the upper actuator (13), lower actuator (14), left actuator (15), right actuator (16) and rear actuator (22) can respectively apply loads to the end of the upper force transmission rod (2) located outside the water tank (1), the end of the lower force transmission rod (3) located outside the water tank (1), the end of the left force transmission rod (4) located outside the water tank (1), the end of the right force transmission rod (5) located outside the water tank (1) and the end of the rear force transmission rod (21) located outside the water tank (1).

5. The simulated reservoir bank slope rock mass hydro-mechanical coupling creep test system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The left pressure block (8) has a left cavity, and a left acoustic emission sensor (802) is arranged in the left cavity. The left pressure block (8) has a left terminal (801), and the left terminal (801) is electrically connected to the left acoustic emission sensor (802). The right pressure block (9) has a right cavity, and a right acoustic emission sensor (902) is arranged in the right cavity. The right pressure block (9) has a right terminal (901), and the right terminal (901) is electrically connected to the right acoustic emission sensor (902). The left terminal (801) is electrically connected to the CNC system (17) via the left data line, and the right terminal (901) is electrically connected to the CNC system (17) via the right data line. Both the left and right data lines are sealed and installed through the sealed wire hole.

6. The simulated reservoir bank slope rock mass hydro-mechanical coupling creep test system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The upper pressure block (6) has several upper cavities that communicate with the outside of the upper pressure block (6). An upper elastic hemispherical resistance sensor (601) is insulated and installed in the upper cavity. The upper elastic hemispherical resistance sensor (601) extends out of the upper cavity where it is located. When the upper elastic hemispherical resistance sensor (601) is subjected to pressure, it retracts into the upper cavity where it is located. The upper pressure block (6) has an upper terminal (602). The upper elastic hemispherical resistance sensor (601) is electrically connected to the upper terminal (602). The lower pressure block (7) has several lower cavities that communicate with the outside of the lower pressure block (7). A lower elastic hemispherical resistance sensor (701) is insulated and installed in the lower cavity. The lower elastic hemispherical resistance sensor (701) extends out of the lower cavity where it is located. When the lower elastic hemispherical resistance sensor (701) is subjected to pressure, it retracts into the lower cavity where it is located. The lower pressure block (7) has a lower terminal (702). The lower elastic hemispherical resistance sensor (701) is electrically connected to the lower terminal (702). The upper terminal (602) is electrically connected to the CNC system (17) via the upper data line, and the lower terminal (702) is electrically connected to the CNC system (17) via the lower data line. Both the upper and lower data lines are sealed and installed through the sealed wire hole.

7. The simulated reservoir bank slope rock mass hydro-mechanical coupling creep test system according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes a displacement sensor (11); The displacement sensor (11) includes an LVDT sensor (1101), a sensor bracket (1102), and bracket screws (1103). The LVDT sensor (1101) is fixedly mounted on the sensor bracket (1102). Both ends of the sensor bracket (1102) are fixedly mounted on the upper pressure block (6) and the lower pressure block (7) by bracket screws (1103). The LVDT sensor (1101) is electrically connected to the CNC system (17) via a sensor data line, and the sensor data line is sealed and installed through a sealed wire hole.

8. The simulated reservoir bank slope rock mass hydro-mechanical coupling creep test system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The rear pressure block (25) has water-permeable holes (27) evenly arranged on its front side. The rear pressure block (25) has a rear cavity. The water-permeable holes (27) are connected to the rear cavity. The second water inlet and outlet are located on the lower side of the rear pressure block (25) and are connected to the rear cavity.

9. The simulated reservoir bank slope rock mass hydro-mechanical coupling creep test system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water storage tank (1) has an opening on its front side; It also includes a sealing cap (23) and a sealing cap bolt (24), the sealing cap (23) being fixedly installed on the opening by the sealing cap bolt (24).

10. A method for simulating the hydro-mechanical coupling creep test of reservoir bank slope rock mass, applied to the hydro-mechanical coupling creep test system for simulating reservoir bank slope rock mass as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Take a dry rock sample (10), and install the upper side pressure block (6), lower side pressure block (7), left side pressure block (8) and right side pressure block (9) on the upper side, lower side, left side and right side of the rock sample (10) respectively, and fix them to each other with bolts; install the rear side pressure block (25) on the rear side of the rock sample (10), and use deformable glass glue to seal the gaps between the upper side pressure block (6), lower side pressure block (7), left side pressure block (8), right side pressure block (9) and the rear side pressure block (25) as well as the gaps between the upper side pressure block (6), lower side pressure block (7), left side pressure block (8), right side pressure block (9), rear side pressure block (25) and the rock sample (10), and dry the combination of the upper side pressure block (6), lower side pressure block (7), left side pressure block (8), right side pressure block (9), rear side pressure block (25) and the rock sample (10); S2: After the deformable glass glue has completely dried and solidified, remove the bolts between the upper pressure block (6), the lower pressure block (7), the left pressure block (8) and the right pressure block (9), install the displacement sensor (11) on the upper pressure block (6) and the lower pressure block (7), and then place the combination of the upper pressure block (6), the lower pressure block (7), the left pressure block (8), the right pressure block (9), the rear pressure block (25) and the rock sample (10) in the water tank (1). Use the upper data line, the lower data line, the left data line and the right data line to electrically connect the upper terminal (602), the lower terminal (702), the left terminal (801) and the right terminal (901) to the CNC system (17). Use the sensor data line to electrically connect the LVDT sensor (1101) to the CNC system (17). Use the second high pressure water pipe (20) to connect the second inlet and outlet to the fourth inlet and outlet. S3: The sealing cap (23) is fixedly installed on the opening of the water tank (1) using the sealing cap bolt (24). Then, the upper actuator (13), lower actuator (14), left actuator (15), right actuator (16) and rear actuator (22) are controlled by the CNC system (17) to apply preload to the rock sample (10). Then, the upper actuator (13), lower actuator (14), left actuator (15) and right actuator (16) are controlled by the CNC system (17) to apply load to the rock sample (10) to the first load preset value F1. The left actuator (15) and right actuator (16) are controlled to apply load to the rock sample (10) to the second load preset value F2. During the loading process, the CNC system (17) continuously monitors the load, deformation, acoustic emission and resistance signal of the rock sample (10). S4: Keep the load on the rock sample (10) unchanged until the rock sample (10) enters the steady-state creep stage. Then control the seepage control device (18) to inject water into the water storage tank (1) through the first high-pressure water pipe (19) and make the water pressure in the water storage tank (1) reach the first water pressure preset value P1. The upper elastic hemispherical resistance sensor (601) and the lower elastic hemispherical resistance sensor (701) continuously monitor the diffusion of water in the rock sample (10) and calculate the diffusion coefficient of the rock sample (10) under the current stress state according to the change law of the resistance signal. The seepage control device (18) continuously monitors the changes in water pressure and water flow. S5: After the rock sample (10) reaches saturation, the seepage control device (18) injects water into the rear pressure block (25) through the second high-pressure water pipe (20) and reaches the second water pressure preset value P2. After the rock sample (10) reaches stable seepage, the seepage control device (18) calculates the permeability coefficient in the rock creep process in real time according to the change of water flow. S6: Keep the load and water pressure on the rock sample (10) unchanged until the rock sample (10) is destroyed. After the rock sample (10) is destroyed, first, control the left actuator (15) and right actuator (16) to unload through the CNC system (17), then control the upper actuator (13), lower actuator (14) and rear actuator (22) to unload, and finally use the seepage control device (18) to extract the water from the water storage tank (1) and the rear pressure block (25) and save all test data.

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