A smart water quality monitoring device
By designing an integrated water quality monitoring device, the problems of poor adaptability of water quality monitoring equipment and sensor contamination have been solved. It has achieved multi-scenario applicability, automatic cleaning and self-powered operation, reduced maintenance costs, and is compatible with real-time monitoring of the entire smart water management system.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHONGQING SIENKE INFORMATION TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-06-04
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-30
AI Technical Summary
Existing water quality monitoring equipment has low integration level, poor adaptability to various scenarios, and sensors are easily contaminated, resulting in high maintenance costs and making it difficult to meet the needs of real-time monitoring across the entire smart water management system.
A smart water quality monitoring device was designed, including a corrosion-resistant shell that can be placed horizontally inside a pipe or suspended vertically on the water surface, integrating a sensing module, a flow guiding mechanism, a regulating mechanism, and a power generation mechanism. It utilizes eddy currents and a sealing cleaning ring to automatically clean the sensors and adopts wind-solar hybrid power generation and energy storage, adapting to multiple application scenarios.
It achieves multi-scenario adaptation, reduces the frequency and cost of manual maintenance, and ensures monitoring accuracy and the long-term unattended operation capability of the equipment.
Smart Images
Figure CN122307054A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of online water quality monitoring equipment technology, and in particular to a smart water management water quality indicator monitoring device. Background Technology
[0002] With the comprehensive construction of the smart water management system, the demand for refined and intelligent water environment supervision continues to increase, and online water quality monitoring equipment has become the core terminal for water management and control.
[0003] Currently, mainstream water quality monitoring equipment on the market, whether fixed monitoring stations, split monitoring devices, or simple buoy-type monitoring terminals, all suffer from low integration and poor adaptability to different scenarios. They cannot meet the needs of multi-scenario, large-scale, and low-cost deployment. Furthermore, they generally lack self-cleaning structures, and the sensor monitoring windows are easily contaminated by impurities such as silt and algae in the water, leading to data drift and decreased accuracy. Frequent manual disassembly, cleaning, and calibration are required, resulting in high maintenance costs and making it difficult to adapt to the actual needs of real-time monitoring across the entire smart water management system.
[0004] Therefore, a smart water quality indicator monitoring device is proposed to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of this application is to address the technical problems of existing water quality monitoring equipment, such as low integration, poor adaptability to various scenarios, easy sensor contamination, and high maintenance costs. Compared with existing technologies, this application provides a smart water management water quality indicator monitoring device, comprising: The monitoring mechanism can be placed horizontally inside the pipeline to be monitored or suspended vertically on the water surface to be monitored. It includes a streamlined, shell-shaped anti-corrosion shell, and a number of monitoring windows are evenly distributed at equal angles on one side of the outer wall of the anti-corrosion shell. The sensing module has an assembly compartment for encapsulating the sensing module inside the corrosion-resistant housing. The sensing module is configured to correspond with the monitoring window and is used to collect water quality parameters. The sensing module can be one or more of the following: pH sensor, dissolved oxygen sensor, COD sensor, ammonia nitrogen sensor, total phosphorus sensor, and total nitrogen sensor. A flow guiding mechanism, sleeved on the outside of the monitoring mechanism, includes a variable diameter flow guiding hood. The diameter of the variable diameter flow guiding hood gradually decreases on the side near the monitoring window. A sealing cleaning ring for cleaning the monitoring window is fixed on its inner wall. At least one support arm is evenly distributed at equal angles on the outside of the variable diameter flow guiding hood. The support arm is rotatably connected to the variable diameter flow guiding hood through a flexible connector. An adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the relative position of the flow guiding mechanism and the monitoring mechanism. The adjustment mechanism is also used to adjust the flip angle of the support arm so that the support arm is supported on the inner wall of the pipe to be monitored. The power generation mechanism is located at the end of the corrosion-resistant casing furthest from the monitoring window and is used for power generation and energy storage.
[0006] Furthermore, the power generation mechanism includes a conical shell, the outer wall of which is fixed with a plurality of helical blades evenly distributed at equal angles, a photovoltaic panel is fixed between adjacent helical blades on the outer wall of the conical shell, and an indicator light is fixed at the end of the conical shell. A permanent magnet synchronous motor is fixed at the end of the anti-corrosion shell away from the monitoring window, and the shaft of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is coaxially and fixedly connected to the conical shell.
[0007] Furthermore, the corrosion-resistant housing also encapsulates a battery and a control unit. The battery is electrically connected to the photovoltaic panel, permanent magnet synchronous motor, sensor module, and control unit, and is used to store electrical energy and provide operating power.
[0008] Furthermore, a counterweight compartment is provided at the end of the anti-corrosion shell away from the power generation mechanism, and a control valve is provided on the counterweight compartment.
[0009] Furthermore, the adjustment mechanism includes a nut disposed within the anti-corrosion housing, an annular seat rotatably connected to the outside of the nut, and an actuator rod rotatably connected to the annular seat, the number of which matches the number of supporting arms. The anti-corrosion housing has a second through-rod hole corresponding to the actuator rod. One end of the actuator rod extends through the second through-rod hole and is rotatably connected to a driven rod. The variable diameter guide shroud has a first through-rod hole matching the driven rod. One end of the driven rod passes through the first through-rod hole and is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the supporting arm, and the other end of the driven rod is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the anti-corrosion housing.
[0010] Furthermore, an adjusting rod is also fixed inside the anti-corrosion housing. The adjusting rod includes a threaded rod that is threadedly connected to the nut and a sliding rod that is slidably connected to the nut. A tension spring one is clamped between the nut and the threaded rod, and a tension spring two is clamped between the nut and the sliding rod. The elastic force of the tension spring one is greater than that of the tension spring two.
[0011] Furthermore, when the nut is threadedly connected to the threaded rod, the tension spring is in a compressed state. At this time, the variable diameter guide shroud and the sealing cleaning ring are separated from the outer wall of the anti-corrosion shell and do not come into contact with each other, and the support arm is in an outward supporting state through the adjustment mechanism. When the nut and the slide rod are slidably connected, the tension spring one uses its own elastic force to push the nut to compress the tension spring two. At this time, the sealing cleaning ring abuts against the outer wall of the anti-corrosion shell and does not cover the monitoring window area.
[0012] Furthermore, the nut is a permanent magnet structure, and an electromagnetic block is fixed to the end of the slide rod away from the threaded rod, and the magnetic poles of the electromagnetic block are adjustable.
[0013] Furthermore, an elastic pad is fixed to the side of the support arm that contacts the monitoring pipe. The elastic pad provides contact friction when the axis of the monitoring mechanism is horizontal and provides buoyancy when the axis of the monitoring mechanism is vertical. The outer wall of the variable diameter guide shroud is also provided with a storage groove, and the inner side of the support arm is provided with a sealing strip for sealing the storage groove.
[0014] Furthermore, an elastic sealing film is encapsulated between the driven rod and the through rod hole, and between the actuator rod and the through rod hole.
[0015] Compared to existing technologies, the advantages of this application are: This application achieves multi-scenario adaptation by changing the relative position of the diversion mechanism and the monitoring mechanism. It can be placed horizontally inside the pipe or suspended vertically on the water surface, adapting to various water monitoring scenarios such as urban water supply networks, rivers, and reservoirs, thus solving the problem of poor scenario adaptability of existing equipment. The adjustment mechanism can adjust the position of the flow guide mechanism and the rotation angle of the support arm to achieve stable support inside the pipeline. In pipeline monitoring scenarios, the gap between the variable diameter flow guide and the anti-corrosion shell can create a vortex in the water flow. The impact force of the vortex is used to automatically clean the monitoring window. In water surface monitoring scenarios, the reciprocating movement of the variable diameter flow guide, whether active or passive, drives the sealing cleaning ring to clean the monitoring window, avoiding data drift caused by sensor contamination and significantly reducing the frequency and cost of manual maintenance. The wind-solar hybrid power generation and energy storage do not rely on grid power, are suitable for outdoor scenarios without grid power, have strong endurance, and can achieve long-term unattended monitoring. Attached Figure Description
[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the rear structure of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the flow guiding mechanism and monitoring mechanism proposed in this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the monitoring and power generation mechanisms proposed in this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the explosion structure of the monitoring agency proposed in this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the regulating mechanism proposed in this application; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of this application; Figure 8 for Figure 7 Enlarged structural diagram of section A in the middle; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the state of the monitoring mechanism with its axis vertical, as proposed in this application. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the state of the monitoring mechanism when its axis is horizontal, as proposed in this application. Figure 11 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the monitoring mechanism proposed in this application when its axis is vertical. Figure 12 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the monitoring mechanism proposed in this application when its axis is horizontal.
[0017] Explanation of the labels in the diagram: 1. Flow guiding mechanism; 11. Variable diameter flow guide cover; 111. Receiving groove; 112. Through rod hole one; 12. Support arm; 121. Elastic pad; 122. Sealing strip; 123. Flexible connector; 13. Sealing cleaning ring; 2. Monitoring mechanism; 201. Counterweight compartment; 202. Assembly compartment; 21. Corrosion-resistant shell; 211. Through-rod hole two; 22. Monitoring window; 23. Adjusting rod; 231. Electromagnetic block; 232. Threaded rod; 233. Sliding rod; 3. Power generation mechanism; 31. Conical shell; 32. Spiral blades; 33. Indicator light; 34. Photovoltaic panel; 4. Adjusting mechanism; 41. Nut; 42. Ring seat; 43. Actuating rod; 44. Driven rod; 45. Tension spring one; 46. Tension spring two; 5. Permanent magnet synchronous motor; 6. Sensing module; 7. Storage battery; 8. Control unit. Detailed Implementation
[0018] The embodiments will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments in this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.
[0019] Example 1: This invention provides a smart water quality indicator monitoring device. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 - Figure 12 It includes a monitoring unit 2, a sensing module 6, a flow guiding mechanism 1, a regulating mechanism 4, and a power generation mechanism 3. The whole is an integrated structure that can realize water quality monitoring, autonomous cleaning, and autonomous power supply in multiple scenarios.
[0020] Please refer to this first. Figure 3 - Figure 5The monitoring mechanism 2 can be placed horizontally inside the pipeline to be monitored or suspended vertically on the water surface to be monitored. It includes a streamlined, anti-corrosion shell 21, which is made of 316L stainless steel with a food-grade anti-corrosion coating. The overall protection level reaches IP68, providing excellent waterproof and anti-corrosion performance and adapting to harsh outdoor water environments. At least three monitoring windows 22 are evenly distributed on one side of the outer wall of the anti-corrosion shell 21 for the sensing module 6 to collect water quality parameters. The anti-corrosion shell 21 contains an assembly chamber 202 and a counterweight chamber 201. The assembly chamber 202 is used to encapsulate the sensing module 6, and the counterweight chamber 201 is located at the end of the anti-corrosion shell 21 away from the power generation mechanism 3. It is equipped with a control valve, which can be adjusted to achieve stable suspension of the monitoring mechanism 2 on the water surface or horizontal placement inside the pipeline. The anti-corrosion shell 21 also encapsulates a battery 7 and a control unit 8. The battery 7 is used to store electrical energy and power the whole machine, and the control unit 8 is used to realize the coordinated control of various components.
[0021] The number of sensor modules 6 corresponds to the number of monitoring windows 22. They are encapsulated in the assembly chamber 202 and set up to correspond with the monitoring windows 22. They can be equipped with pH sensors, dissolved oxygen sensors, COD sensors, etc., to collect core water quality parameters such as pH value, dissolved oxygen, and chemical oxygen demand. The detection end of the sensor module 6 extends through the anti-corrosion shell 21 to the monitoring window 22 to ensure monitoring accuracy.
[0022] Please refer to this first. Figure 3 The flow guiding mechanism 1 is mounted on the outside of the monitoring mechanism 2, and includes a variable diameter flow guide shroud 11. The diameter of the variable diameter flow guide shroud 11 gradually decreases on the side near the monitoring window 22. A sealing cleaning ring 13 for cleaning the monitoring window 22 is fixed on its inner wall. The sealing cleaning ring 13 is made of wear-resistant silicone material. Its inner side abuts against the outer wall of the anti-corrosion shell 21 and does not cover the monitoring window 22 area. It can clean impurities on the surface of the monitoring window 22 when the variable diameter flow guide shroud 11 moves. At least three support arms 12 are evenly distributed at equal angles on the outer side of the variable diameter flow guide shroud 11. The support arms 12 are rotatably connected to the variable diameter flow guide shroud 11 through a flexible connector 123. The flexible connector 123 is made of elastic rubber material. The support arm 12 can be flexibly rotated, while buffering the impact of water flow on the support arm 12. An elastic pad 121 is fixed on the side of the support arm 12 that contacts the monitoring pipe. The elastic pad 121 is made of closed-cell foam rubber and has anti-slip texture on its surface. When the axis of the monitoring mechanism 2 is horizontal, it provides contact friction with the inner wall of the pipe to be tested, and provides buoyancy when the axis of the monitoring mechanism 2 is vertical. At the same time, the anti-corrosion shell 21 has an additional empty compartment inside to provide buoyancy. The outer wall of the variable diameter guide shroud 11 is also provided with a storage groove 111. The inner side of the support arm 12 is provided with a sealing strip 122 for sealing the storage groove 111, which can achieve sealing when the support arm 12 is stored to prevent impurities from entering.
[0023] Please refer to this first. Figure 3 - Figure 6 The adjusting mechanism 4 is used to adjust the axial translation distance of the flow guiding mechanism 1 relative to the monitoring mechanism 2, and also to adjust the flip angle of the support arm 12 so that the support arm 12 is supported on the inner wall of the pipeline to be monitored. The adjusting mechanism 4 includes a nut 41 located in the anti-corrosion housing 21. The nut 41 is a permanent magnet structure, and a ring seat 42 is rotatably connected to its outer side. An actuator 43 matching the number of support arms 12 is rotatably connected to the ring seat 42. The anti-corrosion housing 21 has a second rod hole 211 corresponding to the actuator 43. One end of the actuator 43 extends through the second rod hole 211 and is rotatably connected to a driven rod 44. The variable diameter flow guide shroud 11 has a first rod hole 112 matching the driven rod 44. One end of the driven rod 44 passes through the first rod hole 112 and is connected to the support arm 12. The inner wall of arm 12 is rotatably connected, and the other end of driven rod 44 is rotatably connected to the outer wall of anti-corrosion housing 21. Elastic sealing membranes are sealed between driven rod 44 and through rod hole 112, and between actuator 43 and through rod hole 211, to prevent water from entering the interior of anti-corrosion housing 21. An adjusting rod 23 is also fixed inside the anti-corrosion housing 21. The adjusting rod 23 includes a threaded rod 232 threadedly connected to nut 41 and a sliding rod 233 slidably connected to nut 41. An electromagnetic block 231 is fixed at the end of sliding rod 233 away from threaded rod 232. The magnetic pole of electromagnetic block 231 is adjustable. A tension spring 45 is clamped between nut 41 and threaded rod 232, and a tension spring 46 is clamped between nut 41 and sliding rod 233. The elastic force of tension spring 45 is greater than that of tension spring 46.
[0024] Please refer to this first. Figure 12 When the nut 41 is threadedly connected to the threaded rod 232, the tension spring 45 is compressed. At this time, the variable diameter guide shroud 11 and the sealing cleaning ring 13 are separated from the outer wall of the anti-corrosion shell 21 and do not come into contact with each other. The support arm 12 is in an outward supporting state through the adjustment mechanism 4, which can realize the stable fixation of the equipment in the pipeline. At the same time, by adjusting the position of the nut 41 and the threaded rod 232, the outward expansion angle of the support arm 12 can be adjusted, thereby meeting the internal installation requirements of pipelines with different diameters within a certain range. Please refer to this first. Figure 11 When the nut 41 is slidably connected to the slide rod 233, the tension spring 45 pushes the nut 41 to compress the tension spring 46 using its own elastic force. At this time, the sealing cleaning ring 13 abuts against the outer wall of the anti-corrosion shell 21 and does not cover the monitoring window 22 area, so that the monitoring window 22 can be effectively monitored.
[0025] The power generation mechanism 3 is located at the end of the corrosion-resistant housing 21 away from the monitoring window 22, and is used for power generation and energy storage. It includes a conical housing 31, with several equally spaced spiral blades 32 fixed to its outer wall. Photovoltaic panels 34 are also fixed to the outer wall of the conical housing 31 between adjacent spiral blades 32. An indicator light 33 is fixed to the end of the conical housing 31 to display the equipment's operating status for easy viewing by staff. A permanent magnet synchronous motor 5 is fixed to the end of the corrosion-resistant housing 21 away from the monitoring window 22. The shaft of the permanent magnet synchronous motor 5 is connected to the conical housing 31. 1. Coaxial fixed connection. In pipeline monitoring scenarios, the spiral blade 32 can drive the conical shell 31 to rotate by the water flow in the pipeline, thereby driving the permanent magnet synchronous motor 5 to generate electricity. In water surface monitoring scenarios, the photovoltaic panel 34 can generate electricity using solar energy, and the spiral blade 32 can generate electricity using wind power, realizing wind and solar complementary power generation. The permanent magnet synchronous motor 5 and the photovoltaic panel 34 are both electrically connected to the battery 7, storing the generated electrical energy in the battery 7. The battery 7 is also electrically connected to the sensing module 6, the control unit 8, the adjustment mechanism 4, and the indicator light 33, providing them with working power.
[0026] Depending on the monitoring scenario, by adjusting the counterweight of the counterweight chamber 201, the monitoring mechanism 2 can be placed horizontally inside the pipeline to be monitored or suspended vertically on the water surface to be monitored, thus achieving multi-scenario application. Please refer to this first. Figure 12 In pipeline monitoring scenarios, the nut 41 is threadedly connected to the threaded rod 232, and the tension spring 45 is compressed. The support arm 12 expands outward and supports the inner wall of the pipeline. At this time, the variable diameter guide shroud 11 separates from the anti-corrosion shell 21, and the gap between them provides flushing water flow from the cleaning monitoring window 22. For details, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 12 The direction of water flow in the middle; In the water surface monitoring scenario, by disengaging the nut 41 from the threaded rod 232, the elastic force of the tension spring 45 is used to initially maintain the state of the support arm 12 being stored in the storage groove 111. At this time, the sealing and cleaning ring 13 of the variable diameter guide shroud 11 abuts against the outer wall of the anti-corrosion shell 21, and the variable diameter guide shroud 11 forms a bowl-shaped structure, thereby providing buoyancy for the entire monitoring mechanism 2. After the equipment is stabilized and powered on, the control unit 8 controls the sensor module 6 to collect water quality parameters through the monitoring window 22. The collected data is processed by the control unit 8 and then uploaded to the smart water cloud platform. The power generation mechanism 3 generates water power through the spiral blade 32 and the photovoltaic panel 34, which continuously supplies power to the equipment. The electrical energy is stored in the battery 7. When impurities are observed adhering to monitoring window 22, in pipeline monitoring scenarios, please refer to [the relevant documentation / reference]. Figure 11A preset gap is left between the variable diameter guide shroud 11 and the anti-corrosion shell 21. This gap can play a guiding role. When the water in the pipeline flows through the gap, a vortex will be formed on the streamlined surface of the anti-corrosion shell 21. The water flow impact force generated by the vortex is used to achieve automatic cleaning of the monitoring window 22. Specifically, when the water in the pipeline flows through the gap, due to the synergistic effect of the gap size and the water flow velocity, a stable vortex is formed on the surface of the anti-corrosion shell 21, that is, the monitoring window 22 area. The water flow impact force generated by the vortex can directly act on the surface of the monitoring window 22, washing away the attached mud, sand, suspended impurities, etc. It does not require additional power to drive and achieves self-cleaning by relying on the fluid flow itself, which can further reduce the attachment of impurities. In the scenario of water surface monitoring, when the water surface is calm, the magnetic poles of the electromagnetic block 231 can be adjusted back and forth to make the nut 41 and the slide rod 233 slide back and forth. The tension spring 45 pushes the nut 41 to move, which drives the variable diameter guide shroud 11 to move along the axis of the monitoring mechanism 2. The sealing cleaning ring 13 abuts against the outer wall of the anti-corrosion shell 21 and cleans the monitoring window 22. After the cleaning is completed, it is reset to ensure monitoring accuracy. When the water surface ripples, the electromagnetic block 231 is de-energized, and the nut 41 and the slide rod 233 are in a free sliding state. Under the bidirectional constraint of the tension spring 1 45 and the tension spring 2 46, the flow guiding mechanism 1 and the monitoring mechanism 2 are relatively displaced, and then the water surface ripples automatically drive the sealing cleaning ring 13 to reciprocate to wipe the monitoring window 22. After cleaning is completed, the electromagnetic block 231 maintains the magnetic repulsion force on the nut 41, maintains the tension balance of the tension spring 1 45 and the tension spring 2 46, and thus maintains the state in which the sealing cleaning ring 13 does not block the monitoring window 22, ensuring monitoring accuracy. It should be noted that during the cleaning displacement of the sealing cleaning ring 13, the inside of the sealing cleaning ring 13 always abuts against the outer wall of the anti-corrosion shell 21, maintaining the bowl-shaped internal sealing of the variable diameter guide shroud 11.
[0027] Example 2: This invention provides a smart water quality indicator monitoring device. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1-12 Components that are the same as or corresponding to those in Embodiment 1 are referred to by the same reference numerals as those in Embodiment 1. For the sake of simplicity, only the differences from Embodiment 1 will be described below: In this embodiment, the sensing module 6 uses a pH sensor, dissolved oxygen sensor, COD sensor, ammonia nitrogen sensor, total phosphorus sensor, and total nitrogen sensor, which can simultaneously collect six core water quality parameters of the water body, adapting to the monitoring scenario of industrial wastewater discharge outlets; the elastic pad 121 of the supporting arm 12 adopts a thickened design to enhance the contact friction with the inner wall of the pipe, adapting to industrial wastewater pipes of different sizes; the sealing cleaning ring 13 is made of high-temperature and wear-resistant silicone material, adapting to the high-temperature and high-pollution working conditions of industrial wastewater; the spiral blade 32 of the power generation mechanism 3 is made of corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant material to extend its service life; the control unit 8 has built-in abnormal data rejection and drift correction algorithms to improve the monitoring accuracy in complex wastewater environments, the data acquisition frequency is set to 1 minute / time, and when the standard is exceeded, the indicator light 33 is immediately triggered to alarm, and the early warning information is pushed to the cloud to meet the real-time monitoring needs of industrial wastewater discharge.
[0028] The above description is only the best implementation method adopted in this application in combination with current practical needs, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto.
Claims
1. A smart water quality index monitoring device, characterized in that, include: The monitoring mechanism (2) can be placed horizontally inside the pipeline to be monitored or suspended vertically on the water surface to be monitored. It includes a streamlined shell-shaped anti-corrosion shell (21). Several monitoring windows (22) are evenly distributed on one side of the outer wall of the anti-corrosion shell (21). The sensing module (6) is provided in the anti-corrosion housing (21) with an assembly chamber (202) for encapsulating the sensing module (6). The sensing module (6) is set with a corresponding monitoring window (22) for collecting water quality parameters. The sensing module (6) can be one or more of the following: pH sensor, dissolved oxygen sensor, COD sensor, ammonia nitrogen sensor, total phosphorus sensor, and total nitrogen sensor. The flow guiding mechanism (1) is sleeved on the outside of the monitoring mechanism (2) and includes a variable diameter flow guide hood (11). The diameter of the variable diameter flow guide hood (11) gradually decreases on the side close to the monitoring window (22). A sealing cleaning ring (13) for cleaning the monitoring window (22) is fixed on its inner wall. At least three support arms (12) are evenly distributed on the outside of the variable diameter flow guide hood (11). The support arms (12) are rotatably connected to the variable diameter flow guide hood (11) through a flexible connector (123). The adjustment mechanism (4) is used to adjust the relative position of the flow guiding mechanism (1) and the monitoring mechanism (2). The adjustment mechanism (4) is also used to adjust the flip angle of the support arm (12) so that the support arm (12) is supported on the inner wall of the pipe to be monitored. The power generation mechanism (3) is located at the end of the anti-corrosion shell (21) away from the monitoring window (22) and is used for power generation and energy storage. 2.The water quality index monitoring device of smart water affairs according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power generation mechanism (3) includes a conical shell (31), and a number of equally spaced spiral blades (32) are fixed on the outer wall of the conical shell (31). A photovoltaic panel (34) is also fixed between adjacent spiral blades (32) on the outer wall of the conical shell (31). An indicator light (33) is also fixed at the end of the conical shell (31). A permanent magnet synchronous motor (5) is fixed at one end of the anti-corrosion shell (21) away from the monitoring window (22), and the shaft of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (5) is coaxially and fixedly connected to the conical shell (31). 3.The water quality index monitoring device of smart water affairs according to claim 1, characterized in that, The corrosion-resistant housing (21) also encapsulates a battery (7) and a control unit (8). The battery (7) is electrically connected to the photovoltaic panel (34), the permanent magnet synchronous motor (5), the sensing module (6), and the control unit (8) to store electrical energy and provide working power. 4.The water quality index monitoring device of smart water affairs according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anti-corrosion shell (21) is provided with a counterweight chamber (201) at the end away from the power generation mechanism (3), and a control valve is provided on the counterweight chamber (201). 5.The water quality index monitoring device of smart water affairs according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustment mechanism (4) includes a nut (41) provided in the anti-corrosion housing (21). A ring seat (42) is rotatably connected to the outside of the nut (41). An actuator (43) matching the number of support arms (12) is rotatably connected to the ring seat (42). The housing of the anti-corrosion housing (21) is provided with a second rod hole (211) corresponding to the actuator (43). One end of the actuator (43) extends through the second rod hole (211) and is rotatably connected to a driven rod (44). The variable diameter guide shroud (11) is provided with a first rod hole (112) matching the driven rod (44). One end of the driven rod (44) passes through the first rod hole (112) and is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the support arm (12). The other end of the driven rod (44) is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the anti-corrosion housing (21). 6.The water quality index monitoring device of smart water affairs according to claim 5, characterized in that, An adjusting rod (23) is also fixed inside the anti-corrosion housing (21). The adjusting rod (23) includes a threaded rod (232) that is threadedly connected to the nut (41) and a sliding rod (233) that is slidably connected to the nut (41). A tension spring one (45) is clamped between the nut (41) and the threaded rod (232), and a tension spring two (46) is clamped between the nut (41) and the slide rod (233). The elastic force of the tension spring one (45) is greater than that of the tension spring two (46). 7.The water quality index monitoring device of smart water affairs according to claim 6, characterized in that, When the nut (41) is threadedly connected to the threaded rod (232), the tension spring (45) is in a compressed state. At this time, the variable diameter guide shroud (11) and the sealing cleaning ring (13) are separated from the outer wall of the anti-corrosion shell (21) and do not contact each other. The support arm (12) is in an outward support state through the adjustment mechanism (4). When the nut (41) and the slide rod (233) are slidably connected, the tension spring one (45) uses its own elastic force to push the nut (41) to compress the tension spring two (46). At this time, the sealing cleaning ring (13) abuts against the outer wall of the anti-corrosion shell (21) and does not cover the monitoring window (22) area. 8.The water quality index monitoring device of smart water affairs according to claim 7, characterized in that, The nut (41) is a permanent magnet structure, and an electromagnetic block (231) is fixed at the end of the slide rod (233) away from the threaded rod (232). The magnetic poles of the electromagnetic block (231) are adjustable. 9.The water quality index monitoring device of smart water affairs according to claim 8, characterized in that, An elastic pad (121) is fixed on the side of the support arm (12) that contacts the monitoring pipe. The elastic pad (121) provides contact friction when the axis of the monitoring mechanism (2) is horizontal and provides buoyancy when the axis of the monitoring mechanism (2) is vertical. The outer wall of the variable diameter guide shroud (11) is also provided with a storage groove (111), and the inner side of the support arm (12) is provided with a sealing strip (122) for closing the storage groove (111). 10.The water quality index monitoring device of smart water affairs according to claim 5, wherein, An elastic sealing film is encapsulated between the driven rod (44) and the first through rod hole (112), and between the actuator (43) and the second through rod hole (211).