Cloud-to-ground lightning activity path quantification tracking method based on continuous monitoring of a total lightning location system

Abstract

This invention discloses a quantitative tracking method for cloud-to-ground lightning activity paths based on continuous monitoring using a full-lightning positioning system. It relates to the field of power system lightning protection and lightning monitoring and early warning technology, and includes the following steps: predicting the centroid of a lightning activity area based on the area-weighted velocity method, and calculating the geographical coordinates of the centroid; matching lightning activity areas within continuous time intervals using a hierarchical matching method to form real-time movement trajectories of the lightning activity areas; dynamically parameterizing the movement trajectory of the lightning activity areas and the thunderstorm movement process; proposing quantitative evaluation indicators for the lightning activity area trajectory; optimizing and pairing lightning activity areas using a hierarchical matching method to form a complete lightning activity area trajectory; and proposing three indicators—duration of a single lightning trajectory, tortuosity of the lightning trajectory, and continuity of lightning activity intensity—to quantitatively analyze the tracking results, thus solving the problem of merging and splitting of lightning activity areas during thunderstorms.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lightning protection and lightning monitoring and early warning technology for power systems, specifically to a method for quantitative tracking of cloud-to-ground lightning activity paths based on continuous monitoring by a full-lightning positioning system. Background Technology

[0002] Lightning is one of the most intense atmospheric discharge phenomena in nature, characterized by instantaneous high voltage, high current, and strong electromagnetic radiation. Lightning strikes not only directly damage ground buildings and electronic equipment but can also trigger cascading failures such as power system tripping, equipment burnout, and line interruptions, seriously threatening the safe and stable operation of the power grid. Statistics show that transmission line faults caused by lightning strikes account for a significant proportion of all power grid faults, making them a key monitoring target for power system lightning protection and disaster reduction. With the widespread application of lightning location systems (such as all-lightning location systems), researchers can obtain real-time information on the time, location, polarity, and intensity of cloud-to-ground lightning. Based on this high spatiotemporal resolution lightning monitoring data, tracking and analyzing the dynamic evolution of lightning activity areas during thunderstorms has become an important means of improving the power grid's lightning early warning capabilities. Through continuous monitoring and path quantification of lightning activity areas, power dispatching departments can obtain more accurate predictions of lightning risk areas, thereby enabling targeted proactive lightning protection measures, such as adjusting operating modes and deploying emergency resources in advance.

[0003] However, existing lightning activity area tracking methods still have significant shortcomings in complex thunderstorm processes. Traditional methods mainly rely on simple clustering or centroid matching based on lightning location information at a single moment, failing to fully consider the historical movement trends of lightning activity areas. This leads to mismatches or loss of tracking results when lightning areas move, deform, split, or merge rapidly. Furthermore, existing technologies typically only output the location trajectory of lightning activity areas, lacking quantitative descriptions of characteristics such as the duration of lightning activity, the degree of trajectory tortuosity, and the continuity of intensity changes. This makes it difficult to compare and analyze the evolutionary patterns of different thunderstorm processes and fails to provide a scientific basis for differentiated early warning. In addition, existing methods often use fixed time intervals and search radii for area matching, failing to adaptively adjust according to the actual scale, movement speed, and deformation characteristics of the lightning activity area. This results in a significant decrease in tracking effectiveness during periods of drastic changes in lightning activity. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a lightning activity path tracking method that can accurately track the movement path of lightning activity areas, quantitatively assess thunderstorm evolution characteristics, and support differentiated early warning, in order to improve the proactive protection capabilities of power systems under lightning strike risks. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a quantitative tracking method for cloud-to-ground lightning activity paths based on continuous monitoring using a full-lightning location system. This addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies that rely on simple clustering or centroid matching based on lightning location information at a single moment, failing to fully consider the historical movement trends of the lightning activity area. This leads to mismatches or loss of tracking results when the lightning area moves, deforms, splits, or merges rapidly. Furthermore, existing technologies typically only output the location trajectory of the lightning activity area, lacking a quantitative description of characteristics such as the duration of the lightning activity process, the degree of trajectory tortuosity, and the continuity of intensity changes, making it difficult to compare and analyze the evolutionary patterns of different thunderstorm processes.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a cloud-to-ground lightning activity path quantification and tracking method based on continuous monitoring by a full-lightning positioning system, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1: Predict the centroid of lightning activity area based on the area-weighted velocity method of lightning activity area, and calculate the geographic coordinates of the centroid of lightning activity area.

[0007] S2: Hierarchical matching method matches lightning activity areas within a continuous time interval δt to form the real-time movement trajectory of the lightning activity area;

[0008] S3: Dynamic parameterization of lightning activity area trajectory and thunderstorm movement process;

[0009] S4: Propose a quantitative evaluation index for lightning activity area trajectories to assess the overall characteristics of lightning activity trajectories during thunderstorms.

[0010] Further, step S1, which predicts the centroid of the lightning activity region based on the area-weighted velocity method, includes the following sub-steps:

[0011] S11: The predicted velocity of the lightning activity area for each time interval is the weighted average velocity of the velocities at the previous two time intervals;

[0012]

[0013]

[0014]

[0015] Where t is the current time, For time intervals, Let be the centroid position vector of the lightning activity region at time t. Let be the velocity vector of the lightning activity region at time t, and k be a weighting coefficient used to adjust the weight between the current velocity and the historical velocity, k∈[0,1]. The predicted velocity vector at time t is obtained after weighted averaging;

[0016] S12: If it is a newly formed lightning activity area, its velocity is the weighted average velocity of the area average velocities of all lightning activity areas in the previous two time periods:

[0017]

[0018]

[0019]

[0020] in, Let be the total number of lightning activity regions existing at time t. Let be the velocity vector of the i-th lightning activity region at time t. Let i be the area of ​​the i-th lightning activity region. Let be the area-weighted average velocity vector of all lightning activity regions at time t. Here is the predicted velocity vector of the newly generated lightning activity area, and t is the current time. The time interval is k, and the weighting coefficient is k ∈ [0,1].

[0021] S13: If lightning activity regions merge, the velocity of the lightning activity regions is the area-weighted velocity of all participating lightning activity regions:

[0022]

[0023]

[0024]

[0025] Where M is the number of lightning activity zones participating in the merger. Let be the centroid position vector of the j-th lightning activity region participating in the merging at time t. Let t be the area of ​​the j-th lightning activity region participating in the merging, and t be the current time. For time intervals, The predicted velocity vector at time t is obtained after weighted averaging. Let be the velocity vector of the lightning activity area at time t, and k be a weighting coefficient used to adjust the weight of the current velocity and the historical velocity, k∈[0,1].

[0026] Furthermore, the hierarchical matching method in step S2 matches continuous time intervals. The internal lightning activity area includes the following sub-steps.

[0027] S21: Calculate the length of the major axis of the fitted ellipse of the lightning activity region. If the distance of the major axis is less than the set threshold, use this major axis as the search radius of the lightning activity region to find the matching lightning activity region at the next moment and complete the matching.

[0028] S22: When the length of the major axis of the ellipse of lightning activity region A is within the threshold range and matches the lightning activity region B at the next moment, and lightning activity region B is paired with lightning activity region A only, then lightning activity region A and lightning activity region B are paired.

[0029] S23: When lightning activity area B is paired with multiple lightning activity areas from the previous moment, the shortest distance priority matching method is first used. On this basis, the shortest distance plus the extended distance is used for matching again to complete the lightning activity area merging process.

[0030] Furthermore, the dynamic parameterization characterization of the lightning activity area trajectory and thunderstorm movement process in step S3 includes the following sub-steps:

[0031] S31: Calculate the geographic coordinates of the centroid of the lightning activity area ( , and the area of ​​lightning activity;

[0032] S32: Based on the geographic coordinates of the centroid of the lightning activity area during two consecutive time intervals, obtain the movement speed V of the lightning activity area during that time interval.

[0033] =

[0034] in, , Let be the longitude and latitude coordinates of the centroid of the lightning activity region at time t. , for The coordinates of the centroid of the lightning activity area at any given time are the longitude and latitude, where t is the current time. For time intervals, Let be the centroid position vector of the lightning activity region at time t. Let be the velocity vector of the lightning activity region at time t;

[0035] S33: Based on the centroid coordinates of the lightning activity area above the ground in two consecutive time intervals, the direction of movement of the lightning activity area during that time interval, Ang, is obtained.

[0036]

[0037] when When <0, Ang = ang + 180°;

[0038] when When Ang > 0, Ang = ang;

[0039] Where Ang is the direction angle of movement of the lightning activity area, and ang is the intermediate calculated angle. , Let be the longitude and latitude coordinates of the centroid of the lightning activity region at time t. , for The longitude and latitude coordinates of the centroid of the area of ​​constant lightning activity.

[0040] Furthermore, the quantitative evaluation indicators for the lightning activity area trajectory in step S4 include:

[0041] Duration T of the lightning activity area:

[0042]

[0043] in, Duration of the lightning activity area. M represents the length of the time interval, and M represents the number of time intervals.

[0044] Furthermore, the quantitative evaluation index for the lightning activity area trajectory in step S4 also includes,

[0045] Lightning activity area trajectory curvature J:

[0046]

[0047] in, The number of lightning activity areas that form a trajectory. Let be the centroid coordinates of the lightning activity region at time t. The coordinates of the centroid of the lightning activity region at time t+1.

[0048] Furthermore, the quantitative evaluation index for the lightning activity area trajectory in step S4 also includes,

[0049] Lightning activity intensity continuity D:

[0050]

[0051] Where T is the lifetime of the lightning activity zone, i.e., the duration of the lightning activity zone. This represents the maximum change in lightning events within the lightning activity area. This represents the standard deviation of the maximum variation in lightning events.

[0052] Furthermore, the method also includes the following steps:

[0053] S5: Differentiated early warning and application based on tracking results;

[0054] Step S5 specifically includes the following sub-steps.

[0055] S51: Based on the quantitative assessment results of the duration T, curvature J, and intensity continuity D of the lightning activity area trajectory, identify the development stage and movement trend of the thunderstorm process;

[0056] S52: Differentiate tracking parameters, including time intervals, for different levels of lightning activity areas. Search radius threshold and matching distance expansion threshold;

[0057] S53: Based on real-time tracking trajectories and quantitative evaluation indicators, it generates lightning activity area path prediction information, providing power systems with lightning risk warning and proactive lightning protection decision support.

[0058] Compared with existing technologies, this invention uses the area-weighted average velocity vector of the lightning activity area obtained from the previous two historical time intervals, and predicts the centroid position of the lightning activity area at the next time based on the centroid position of the lightning activity area at the previous time. It uses a hierarchical matching method to optimize and pair the lightning activity areas, forming a complete lightning activity area trajectory. It proposes three indicators—the duration of a single lightning trajectory, the tortuosity of the lightning trajectory, and the continuity of the intensity of the lightning activity process—to quantify and analyze the tracking results. This solves the problem of merging and splitting of lightning activity areas during thunderstorms, and enables differentiated adjustment of tracking parameters based on the lightning activity area to accurately monitor the lightning activity area path. This is of great significance for enhancing the active lightning protection capability of the power system and improving the safe and reliable operation of the power system under the risk of lightning strikes.

[0059] This invention, based on hierarchical matching, enables rapid initial selection of lightning activity areas within continuous time intervals based on motion consistency or spatial proximity. It also incorporates a feature similarity metric to improve the quality of lightning activity area trajectory matching, providing more forward-looking short-term warnings for industries such as power, aerospace, and field operations. Furthermore, this method can be used to compare the dynamic tracking results of lightning activity during different thunderstorm processes, improving the quality of lightning activity area trajectories and providing differentiated solutions for regional lightning monitoring in the power sector. Moreover, this invention can differentiate tracking parameters according to the lightning activity area, accurately monitoring the lightning activity path, which is of great significance for enhancing the active lightning protection capabilities of power systems and improving the safe and reliable operation of power systems under lightning strike risks. Attached Figure Description

[0060] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0061] Figure 1 Flowchart of a method for quantitative tracking of cloud-to-ground lightning activity paths based on continuous monitoring by a full-lightning positioning system;

[0062] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a cloud-to-ground lightning activity path quantification tracking method based on continuous monitoring by a full-lightning positioning system;

[0063] Figure 3 Flowchart of the algorithm for predicting the centroid of lightning activity regions based on the area-weighted velocity method;

[0064] Figure 4 Flowchart of the algorithm for matching lightning activity regions within consecutive time intervals in a hierarchical manner. Detailed Implementation

[0065] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0066] As attached Figure 1 To be continued Figure 4 As shown:

[0067] Example:

[0068] This invention provides a method for quantitative tracking of cloud-to-ground lightning activity paths based on continuous monitoring using a full-lightning positioning system, such as... Figure 1 A method for quantitatively tracking cloud-to-ground lightning activity paths based on continuous monitoring using a full-lightning positioning system includes the following steps:

[0069] S1: Predict the centroid of lightning activity area based on the area-weighted velocity method of lightning activity area, and calculate the geographic coordinates of the centroid of lightning activity area.

[0070] S2: Hierarchical matching method matches lightning activity areas within a continuous time interval δt to form the real-time movement trajectory of the lightning activity area;

[0071] S3: Dynamic parameterization of lightning activity area trajectory and thunderstorm movement process;

[0072] S4: Propose a quantitative evaluation index for lightning activity trajectory in the region to assess the overall characteristics of lightning activity trajectory during thunderstorms;

[0073] Based on the area-weighted average velocity vector of the lightning activity area obtained from the previous two historical time intervals, the centroid of the lightning activity area at the previous moment is predicted. A hierarchical matching method is used to optimize the pairing of lightning activity areas. A parameterized characterization quantity for lightning activity is defined, and a quantitative evaluation index for tracking lightning activity areas is proposed. A schematic diagram of the cloud-to-ground lightning activity path quantitative tracking method based on continuous monitoring by a full-lightning positioning system is shown below. Figure 2 Show;

[0074] The process for predicting the centroid of a lightning activity region based on the area-weighted velocity method is as follows: Figure 3 This includes the following sub-step, S11: The predicted velocity of the lightning activity area for each time interval is the weighted average velocity of the velocities at the previous two time intervals, see... Figure 2 Lightning activity area i1;

[0075]

[0076]

[0077]

[0078] Where t is the current time, For time intervals, Let be the centroid position vector of the lightning activity region at time t. Let be the velocity vector of the lightning activity region at time t, and k be a weighting coefficient used to adjust the weight between the current velocity and the historical velocity, k∈[0,1]. The predicted velocity vector at time t is obtained after weighted averaging;

[0079] S12: If it is a newly formed lightning activity area, its velocity is the weighted average velocity of the area average velocities of all lightning activity areas at the previous two time points, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 2 Lightning activity area j1:

[0080]

[0081]

[0082]

[0083] in, Let be the total number of lightning activity regions existing at time t. Let be the velocity vector of the i-th lightning activity region at time t. Let i be the area of ​​the i-th lightning activity region. Let be the area-weighted average velocity vector of the region with lightning activity at time t. Here is the predicted velocity vector of the newly generated lightning activity area, and t is the current time. The time interval is k, and the weighting coefficient is k ∈ [0,1].

[0084] S13: If lightning activity areas merge, the velocity of the lightning activity areas is the area-weighted velocity of the lightning activity areas participating in the merger, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 2 Lightning activity areas i3 and i4:

[0085]

[0086]

[0087]

[0088] Where M is the number of lightning activity zones participating in the merger. Let be the centroid position vector of the j-th lightning activity region participating in the merging at time t. Let t be the area of ​​the j-th lightning activity region participating in the merging, and t be the current time. For time intervals, The predicted velocity vector at time t is obtained after weighted averaging. Let be the velocity vector of the lightning activity area at time t, and k be a weighting coefficient used to adjust the weight of the current velocity and the historical velocity, k∈[0,1];

[0089] The hierarchical matching method for matching lightning activity regions within consecutive time intervals is as follows: Figure 4 Show;

[0090] S21: Calculate the length of the major axis of the fitted ellipse of the lightning activity region. If the distance along the major axis is less than a set threshold, use this major axis as the search radius to find the next paired lightning activity region. Complete the pairing process. See [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 2 Lightning activity areas i1 and j1;

[0091] S22: When the length of the major axis of the ellipse of lightning activity region A is within the threshold range and matches the lightning activity region B at the next moment, and lightning activity region B is paired with lightning activity region A only, then lightning activity region A and lightning activity region B are paired. See [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 2 Lightning activity areas i5 and j4;

[0092] S23: When lightning activity area B is paired with multiple lightning activity areas from the previous moment, the shortest distance priority matching method is first used. Based on this, matching is performed again after satisfying the shortest distance plus the extended distance, thus completing the lightning activity area merging process. See [link to relevant documentation] Figure 2 Lightning activity areas i2 and j 21 j 22 ;

[0093] Dynamic parameterization of lightning activity area trajectory and thunderstorm motion process includes the following sub-steps:

[0094] S31: Calculate the geographic coordinates of the centroid of the lightning activity area ( , and the area of ​​lightning activity;

[0095] S32: Based on the geographic coordinates of the centroid of the lightning activity area during two consecutive time intervals, obtain the movement speed V of the lightning activity area during that time interval.

[0096] =

[0097] in, , Let be the longitude and latitude coordinates of the centroid of the lightning activity region at time t. , for The coordinates of the centroid of the lightning activity area at any given time are the longitude and latitude, where t is the current time. For time intervals, Let be the centroid position vector of the lightning activity region at time t. Let be the velocity vector of the lightning activity region at time t;

[0098] S33: Based on the centroid coordinates of the lightning activity area above the ground in two consecutive time intervals, the direction of movement of the lightning activity area during that time interval, Ang, is obtained.

[0099]

[0100] when When <0, Ang = ang + 180°;

[0101] when When Ang > 0, Ang = ang;

[0102] Where Ang is the direction angle of movement of the lightning activity area, and ang is the intermediate calculated angle. , Let be the longitude and latitude coordinates of the centroid of the lightning activity region at time t. , for The longitude and latitude coordinates of the centroid of the lightning activity area at any given time;

[0103] Quantitative assessment indicators for lightning activity area trajectories include:

[0104] Duration T of the lightning activity area:

[0105]

[0106] in, Duration of the lightning activity area. M represents the length of the time interval, and M represents the number of time intervals.

[0107] Lightning activity area trajectory curvature J:

[0108]

[0109] in, The number of lightning activity areas that form a trajectory. Let be the centroid coordinates of the lightning activity region at time t. The coordinates of the centroid of the lightning activity region at time t+1;

[0110] Lightning activity intensity continuity D:

[0111]

[0112] Where T is the lifetime of the lightning activity zone, i.e., the duration of the lightning activity zone. This represents the maximum change in lightning events within the lightning activity area. The standard deviation of the maximum variation in lightning events;

[0113] It also includes the following steps, S5: Differentiated early warning and application based on tracking results;

[0114] Step S5 specifically includes the following sub-steps:

[0115] S51: Based on the quantitative assessment results of the duration T, curvature J, and intensity continuity D of the lightning activity area trajectory, identify the development stage and movement trend of the thunderstorm process;

[0116] S52: Differentiate tracking parameters, including time intervals, for different levels of lightning activity areas. Search radius threshold and matching distance expansion threshold;

[0117] S53: Based on real-time tracking trajectories and quantitative evaluation indicators, it generates lightning activity area path prediction information, providing power systems with lightning risk warning and proactive lightning protection decision support.

[0118] First, based on lightning data continuously monitored by the all-lightning location system, the centroid position of the lightning activity region is predicted using the area-weighted velocity method. Specifically, the predicted velocity for the current moment is obtained by weighted averaging of the velocities of the lightning activity region from the previous two historical moments, and then the centroid position for the next moment is predicted. For newly formed lightning activity regions, the average velocity of the region is used for prediction, while for merged lightning activity regions, the area-weighted velocity of the merging regions is used for prediction. Second, a hierarchical matching method is used to optimize the pairing of lightning activity regions within continuous time intervals. The search radius is the length of the major axis of the ellipse fitted to the lightning activity region to find the pairing region for the next moment. For regions with one-to-one correspondence, pairing is directly completed. For multiple regions corresponding to one region, a method combining shortest distance priority and extended distance is used to complete the merging process, thus forming a continuous lightning activity area trajectory. Then, the trajectory of the lightning activity area is dynamically parameterized, and the centroid geographic coordinates, area, moving speed, and moving direction of the lightning activity area at each moment are calculated. Finally, quantitative evaluation indicators for the lightning activity area trajectory are proposed, including lightning trajectory duration, lightning trajectory tortuosity, and the continuity of lightning activity intensity. The tracking results are quantitatively analyzed, thereby achieving accurate monitoring and quantitative evaluation of lightning activity paths during thunderstorms.

[0119] The foregoing has only described certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for quantitative tracking of cloud-to-ground lightning activity paths based on continuous monitoring using a full-lightning positioning system, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Predict the centroid of lightning activity area based on the area-weighted velocity method of lightning activity area, and calculate the geographic coordinates of the centroid of lightning activity area. S2: Hierarchical matching method matches lightning activity areas within a continuous time interval δt to form the real-time movement trajectory of the lightning activity area; S3: Dynamic parameterization of lightning activity area trajectory and thunderstorm motion process; S4: Propose a quantitative evaluation index for lightning activity area trajectories to assess the overall characteristics of lightning activity trajectories during thunderstorms.

2. The cloud-to-ground lightning activity path quantification and tracking method based on continuous monitoring of a full-lightning positioning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S1, which predicts the centroid of a lightning activity region based on the area-weighted velocity method, includes the following sub-steps: S11: The predicted velocity of the lightning activity area for each time interval is the weighted average velocity of the velocities at the previous two time intervals; Where t is the current time, For time intervals, Let be the centroid position vector of the lightning activity region at time t. Let be the velocity vector of the lightning activity area at time t, and k be a weighting coefficient used to adjust the weight between the current velocity and the historical velocity, k∈[0,1]. The predicted velocity vector at time t is obtained after weighted averaging; S12: If it is a newly formed lightning activity area, its velocity is the weighted average velocity of the area average velocities of all lightning activity areas in the previous two time periods: in, Let be the total number of lightning activity regions existing at time t. Let be the velocity vector of the i-th lightning activity region at time t. Let i be the area of ​​the i-th lightning activity region. Let be the area-weighted average velocity vector of all lightning activity regions at time t. Here is the predicted velocity vector of the newly generated lightning activity area, and t is the current time. The time interval is k, and the weighting coefficient is k ∈ [0,1]. S13: If lightning activity regions merge, the velocity of the lightning activity regions is the area-weighted velocity of all participating lightning activity regions: Where M is the number of lightning activity zones participating in the merger. Let be the centroid position vector of the j-th lightning activity region participating in the merging at time t. Let t be the area of ​​the j-th lightning activity region participating in the merging, and t be the current time. For time intervals, The predicted velocity vector at time t is obtained after weighted averaging. Let be the velocity vector of the lightning activity area at time t, and k be a weighting coefficient used to adjust the weight of the current velocity and the historical velocity, k∈[0,1].

3. The cloud-to-ground lightning activity path quantification and tracking method based on continuous monitoring of a full-lightning positioning system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The hierarchical matching method in step S2 matches continuous time intervals. The internal lightning activity area includes the following sub-steps. S21: Calculate the length of the major axis of the ellipse fitting of the lightning activity region. If the distance of the major axis is less than the set threshold, use this major axis as the search radius of the lightning activity region to find the matching lightning activity region at the next moment and complete the matching. S22: When the length of the major axis of the ellipse of lightning activity region A is within the threshold range and matches the lightning activity region B at the next moment, and lightning activity region B is paired with lightning activity region A only, then lightning activity region A and lightning activity region B are paired. S23: When lightning activity area B is paired with multiple lightning activity areas from the previous moment, the shortest distance priority matching method is first used. On this basis, the shortest distance plus the extended distance is used for matching again to complete the lightning activity area merging process.

4. The cloud-to-ground lightning activity path quantification and tracking method based on continuous monitoring of a full-lightning positioning system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The dynamic parameterization of the lightning activity area trajectory and thunderstorm movement process in step S3 includes the following sub-steps: S31: Calculate the geographic coordinates of the centroid of the lightning activity area ( , and the area of ​​lightning activity; S32: Based on the geographic coordinates of the centroid of the lightning activity area during two consecutive time intervals, obtain the movement speed V of the lightning activity area during that time interval. = in, , Let be the longitude and latitude coordinates of the centroid of the lightning activity region at time t. , for The coordinates of the centroid of the lightning activity area at any given time are the longitude and latitude, where t is the current time. For time intervals, Let be the centroid position vector of the lightning activity region at time t. Let be the velocity vector of the lightning activity region at time t; S33: Based on the centroid coordinates of the lightning activity area above the ground in two consecutive time intervals, the direction of movement of the lightning activity area during that time interval, Ang, is obtained. when When < 0, Ang = ang + 180°; when When Ang > 0, Ang = ang; Where Ang is the direction angle of movement of the lightning activity area, and ang is the intermediate calculated angle. , Let be the longitude and latitude coordinates of the centroid of the lightning activity region at time t. , for The longitude and latitude coordinates of the centroid of the area of ​​constant lightning activity.

5. The cloud-to-ground lightning activity path quantification and tracking method based on continuous monitoring of a full-lightning positioning system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The quantitative evaluation indicators for the lightning activity area trajectory in step S4 include: Duration T of the lightning activity area: in, Duration of the lightning activity area. M represents the length of the time interval, and M represents the number of time intervals.

6. The cloud-to-ground lightning activity path quantification and tracking method based on continuous monitoring of a full-lightning positioning system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The quantitative evaluation index for lightning activity area trajectory in step S4 also includes, Lightning activity area trajectory curvature J: in, The number of lightning activity areas that form a single trajectory. Let be the centroid coordinates of the lightning activity region at time t. The coordinates of the centroid of the lightning activity region at time t+1.

7. The cloud-to-ground lightning activity path quantification and tracking method based on continuous monitoring of a full-lightning positioning system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The quantitative evaluation index for lightning activity area trajectory in step S4 also includes, Lightning activity intensity continuity D: Where T is the lifetime of the lightning activity zone, i.e., the duration of the lightning activity zone. This represents the maximum change in lightning events within the lightning activity area. This represents the standard deviation of the maximum variation in lightning events.

8. The cloud-to-ground lightning activity path quantification and tracking method based on continuous monitoring of a full-lightning positioning system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The method also Includes the following steps, S5: Differentiated early warning and application based on tracking results; Step S5 specifically includes the following sub-steps. S51: Based on the quantitative assessment results of the duration T, curvature J, and intensity continuity D of the lightning activity area trajectory, identify the development stage and movement trend of the thunderstorm process; S52: Differentiate tracking parameters, including time intervals, for different levels of lightning activity areas. Search radius threshold and matching distance expansion threshold; S53: Based on real-time tracking trajectories and quantitative evaluation indicators, it generates lightning activity area path prediction information, providing power systems with lightning risk warning and proactive lightning protection decision support.

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