Relay action time measuring method based on three-condition window stability judgment

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides a relay action time measurement method based on three-condition window stability judgment, and belongs to the field of electric variable measurement. The method comprises the following steps: collecting a coil voltage signal of a relay, and taking the coil voltage signal as a unified time starting reference of attraction or release action; starting from a coil energization time, a preset size of a sliding window is used to search for a contact stable closing time, for each window position, the mean, variance and range of the signal in the window are calculated simultaneously; if the three conditions are met simultaneously, the window position is determined as the contact stable closing time, and the attraction time is determined based on the difference between the window position and the coil energization time; starting from a coil de-energization time, a three-layer progressive strategy is used to detect a contact opening time, and the release time is determined based on the difference between the contact opening time and the coil de-energization time. Through taking the coil voltage edge as a unified time reference, and combining with the detection strategies optimized for the attraction and release processes respectively, accurate measurement of the relay action time is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrical variable measurement technology, and specifically to a method for measuring relay operating time based on a three-condition window stability determination. Background Technology

[0002] A relay is an electromagnetic switching device widely used in industrial control, automotive electronics, aerospace, and other fields. Operating time is one of the most important performance parameters of a relay, including pull-in time and release time. Pull-in time refers to the time interval from when the coil is energized to when the contacts are fully closed, while release time refers to the time interval from when the coil is de-energized to when the contacts are fully open. Accurate measurement of these two parameters is crucial for evaluating the relay's response speed, reliability, and lifespan.

[0003] Existing methods for measuring relay operating time mainly suffer from the following technical problems: First, determining the stable contact point is difficult. Relay contacts experience mechanical bounce during closing or opening, causing drastic fluctuations in the contact voltage signal. Traditional methods typically use a single threshold to determine closure; when the voltage falls below a certain threshold, the contact is considered closed. However, this method is prone to misinterpreting transient low voltages during the bounce process as stable closure, leading to measurement errors.

[0004] Second, the time reference is not consistent. The measurement of pull-in and release times requires a clear start time. Some existing methods use the control signal edge as the reference, while others use the change in coil current as the reference. There are delay differences between different references, which affects the consistency and comparability of the measurement results.

[0005] Third, it is difficult to balance sampling accuracy and noise immunity. To capture microsecond-level dynamic processes, a high sampling rate (e.g., 12.5MHz, 80ns per point) is required. However, high sampling rates amplify high-frequency noise in the signal, increasing the difficulty of determining stable moments. Simple filtering may obscure the true state transition times.

[0006] Fourth, the detection strategies for engagement and release lack specificity. The physical characteristics of the engagement and release processes are different: during engagement, the signal decreases and bounces back as the contacts move from open to closed; during release, the signal increases as the contacts move from closed to open. Existing methods often employ the same detection strategy, failing to optimize for each process's unique characteristics.

[0007] Fifth, the robustness of the detection is insufficient. In actual testing, due to individual differences in relays and changes in the testing environment, the signal waveform may vary significantly. A detection method using a single fixed parameter is difficult to adapt to various situations, potentially leading to missed detections or misjudgments.

[0008] Therefore, there is a need for a relay action time measurement method that can accurately determine the contact stabilization time at high sampling rates, has a unified time reference, is optimized for the engagement and release processes respectively, and has good robustness. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to provide a relay action time measurement method based on three-condition window stability judgment. By using the coil voltage edge as a unified time reference and combining detection strategies optimized for the pull-in and release processes respectively, the accurate measurement of relay action time is achieved.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, embodiments of the present invention provide a relay action time measurement method based on three-condition window stability determination, comprising: The coil voltage signal of the relay is acquired, and the edge of the coil voltage signal is used as the unified time starting reference for the pull-in or release action. Starting from the moment the coil is energized, a sliding window of a preset size is used to search for the moment when the contact is stably closed. For each window position, the mean, variance, and range of the signal within the window are calculated simultaneously. The moment when the coil is energized is determined based on the relationship between the rising edge of the coil voltage signal and a preset rising edge determination condition. If the mean, variance, and range of the signal within the window simultaneously satisfy their respective stability conditions, the window position is determined to be the moment when the contact is stably closed, and the pull-in time is determined based on the product of the difference between the moment when the contact is stably closed and the moment when the coil is energized and the sampling time interval. Starting from the moment the coil is de-energized, a three-layer progressive strategy is used to detect the moment the contact is disconnected, and the release time is determined based on the product of the difference between the moment the contact is disconnected and the moment the coil is de-energized and the sampling time. The moment the coil is de-energized is determined based on the relationship between the falling edge of the coil voltage signal and a preset falling edge determination condition. The three-layer progressive strategy includes a first-layer threshold detection, a second-layer slope detection, and a third-layer absolute value detection.

[0011] Optionally, the preset rising edge determination condition is expressed as: when At that time, determine the sampling point The corresponding time is the time when the coil is energized; in, This represents the coil voltage corresponding to sampling point i. Indicates the rising edge detection threshold. To confirm the number of points, This is the confirmed value for voltage increment.

[0012] Optionally, the calculation process for the mean, variance, and range of the signal within the window includes: Simultaneously, the coil voltage signal of the relay is acquired, and the contact voltage signal of the relay is acquired. The time start reference is unified, and the contact voltage signal is subjected to sliding window averaging filtering to obtain a smoothed contact voltage signal. Calculate the mean of the signal within the window using the following formula:

[0013] In the formula, For window size, The sampling point corresponding to the starting position of the window. This represents the total number of sampling points within the window. For the first Smoothed contact voltage signal at each sampling point; Calculate the variance of the signal within the window using the following formula:

[0014] Calculate the range of the signal within the window using the following formula:

[0015] In the formula, For the first Each sampling point is located at The maximum smoothed contact voltage signal within the interval. For the first Each sampling point is located at The minimum smoothed contact voltage signal within the interval.

[0016] Optionally, the mean of the signal within the window satisfies the corresponding stability condition as follows: ,in, The mean threshold; The variance of the signal within the window satisfies the corresponding stability condition as follows: , This is the variance threshold; The range of the signal within the window satisfies the corresponding stability condition as follows: ,in This is the range threshold.

[0017] The preset falling edge detection condition is: when At that time, determine the sampling point The corresponding time is the time when the coil is de-energized; In the formula, The falling edge detection threshold, Sampling points The corresponding coil voltage, Sampling points The corresponding coil voltage.

[0018] Optionally, the first-layer threshold detection includes: Calculate the reference value of the contact voltage within the steady-state interval prior to the edge moment; like If the contact breaks at a point, then the point where the contact breaks is the point that exceeds the threshold; where, For the change threshold, For consecutive points requirement, This serves as the reference value for the contact voltage. This is the smoothed contact voltage signal; The second layer slope detection includes:

[0019]

[0020] In the formula, This is the slope calculation window. The moment the contact opens; The third-layer absolute value detection includes:

[0021] In the formula, This is the absolute voltage threshold.

[0022] Optionally, the formula for calculating the reference value of the contact voltage is as follows:

[0023] In the formula, Calculate the sample size based on the baseline. This is the offset. This refers to the edge moment.

[0024] Optionally, the relay action time measurement method based on three-condition window stability determination also includes a comprehensive stability score calculation:

[0025] In the formula, the mean score , The mean score is the maximum score threshold, and the variance score is the minimum score threshold. Extremely poor rating , These are the weighting coefficients.

[0026] Optionally, the relay action time measurement method based on three-condition window stability judgment further includes: calculating the confidence level of each change point determined in the release time detection to evaluate the reliability of the detection results.

[0027] In the formula, After the point of change Average voltage at each point Before the point of change Average voltage at each point This represents the standard deviation of the signal-to-noise ratio.

[0028] Optionally, a comprehensive measurement quality score can be calculated by combining the stability score and the confidence level at the point of change. :

[0029] In the formula, These are the weighting coefficients.

[0030] The above technical solution employs a three-condition window stability assessment method based on mean, variance, and range for pull-in time measurement. This method effectively distinguishes between stable contact closure and transient fluctuations caused by mechanical rebound, thus accurately determining the stable moment. The release time measurement utilizes a progressive detection strategy incorporating threshold comparison and slope analysis, reliably capturing changes in contact opening. This method overcomes the problems of traditional single-threshold methods, such as susceptibility to rebound interference, inconsistent benchmarks, and lack of specific strategy, significantly improving the accuracy, consistency, and anti-interference capability of the measurement results. It is suitable for high-reliability automated testing of relays.

[0031] Other features and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0032] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate embodiments of the present invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the following detailed description to explain the embodiments of the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a relay action time measurement method based on three-condition window stability determination provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a timing waveform diagram of a relay engaging process provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of a three-condition window stability determination method provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a timing waveform diagram of a relay release process provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a flowchart of a three-layer progressive change point detection method provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6This is an overall flowchart of a relay action time measurement method based on three-condition window stability determination provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0033] Various embodiments of this disclosure will be described more fully in the following detailed description. This disclosure may have various embodiments, and adjustments and changes may be made therein. However, it should be understood that there is no intention to limit the various embodiments of this disclosure to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but rather this disclosure should be understood to cover all adjustments, equivalents, and / or alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the various embodiments of this disclosure.

[0034] In the following, the terms “comprising” or “may include”, which may be used in various embodiments of this disclosure, indicate the presence of the disclosed functions or operations and do not limit the addition of one or more functions or operations. Furthermore, as used in various embodiments of this disclosure, the terms “comprising,” “having,” and their cognates are intended only to indicate a specific feature, number, step, operation, or combination of the foregoing and should not be construed as primarily excluding the presence of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, or combinations of the foregoing, or the possibility of adding one or more features, numbers, steps, operations, or combinations of the foregoing.

[0035] In various embodiments of this disclosure, the expression "or" or "at least one of A and / or B" includes any combination or all combinations of the words listed simultaneously. For example, the expression "A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may include A, may include B, or may include both A and B.

[0036] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] See Figure 1 The diagram shows a flowchart of a relay action time measurement method based on a three-condition window stability determination in a specific embodiment, including the following execution steps: Step 100: Acquire the coil voltage signal of the relay, and use the edge of the coil voltage signal as the unified time starting reference for the pull-in or release action.

[0038] Specifically, a high-speed data acquisition system is configured. The test system of this application includes the following components: High-speed oscilloscope: A SIGLENT SDS6054 H10 PRO high-speed digital oscilloscope is used, with four analog input channels, a sampling rate of 12.5MHz, a storage depth of 1.25 million points, and support for single trigger and pre-trigger functions. Channel configuration: C1 channel: connected to the contact voltage test point, range 0-50V; C2 channel: connected to the coil voltage test point, range 0-50V, and also serves as a trigger source; C3 channel: connected to the contact current sensor, range 0-20A; C4 channel: connected to the coil current sensor, range 0-5A. Trigger configuration: Pull-in time test: C2 channel rising edge trigger, trigger level 5V; Release time test: C2 channel falling edge trigger, trigger level 10V; Pre-trigger ratio: 10%. Trigger mode: Single trigger. IO control card: used to control the on / off state of the relay coil. The relay is pulled in when the DO0 output is low, and released when the DO0 output is high. Power supply system: Coil power supply: ASR-2100 programmable power supply, output 28V DC; Load power supply: IT-M3912D power supply, output 28V DC; Electronic load: DC load set to 30V / 10A constant current mode, synchronously acquiring signals from four channels. Channel C1: Contact voltage signal; Channel C2: Coil voltage signal; Channel C3: Contact current signal; Channel C4: Coil current signal. The sampling rate is no less than 10MHz, preferably 12.5MHz (80ns per point), using a pre-trigger mode with a pre-trigger ratio of 10% to ensure complete capture of signal changes before and after the action.

[0039] Step 101: Starting from the moment the coil is energized, use a sliding window of a preset size to search for the moment when the contact is stably closed. For each window position, calculate the mean, variance, and range of the signal within the window.

[0040] The timing of coil energization is determined based on the relationship between the rising edge of the coil voltage signal and a preset rising edge determination condition.

[0041] Specifically, the preset rising edge determination condition is expressed as follows: when At that time, determine the sampling point The corresponding time is the time when the coil is energized; in, This represents the coil voltage corresponding to sampling point i. This indicates the rising edge detection threshold, preferably 10V. To confirm the number of points, 5 points are preferred. The preferred voltage increment value is 5V.

[0042] For example, see Figure 2As shown, the rising edge detection for the pull-in time test: The search starts from the beginning of the data, skipping the first 100 points to avoid pre-trigger noise interference. The specific algorithm is as follows: Set the initial index voltageRiseIndex = -1, and traverse the coil voltage data starting from the 100th point. For each sampling point i, determine whether the following condition is met:

[0043] If the condition is met, record the position as the rising edge time: voltageRiseIndex = i, and terminate the search.

[0044] This detection strategy ensures that the voltage is indeed rising continuously rather than being a transient interference, and the requirement that the voltage must be higher than 15V after 5 o'clock further confirms the upward trend.

[0045] For example, determining the timing of coil energization (voltageRiseIndex) and contact steady-closing time Then, calculate the absorption time: Let the sampling time interval be... point.

[0046] Adsorption time calculation:

[0047] At a sampling rate of 12.5MHz, multiplying the index difference by 80ns yields the precise time interval. For example, if the index difference is 100000, then the snap-in time is 100000 × 80ns = 8ms.

[0048] In one specific implementation, the calculation process of the mean, variance, and range of the signal within the window includes the following sub-steps: S1010: Simultaneously acquire the relay coil voltage signal and the relay contact voltage signal, unify the time start reference, and perform sliding window averaging filtering on the contact voltage signal to obtain a smoothed contact voltage signal.

[0049] Specifically, a sliding window averaging filter is applied to the contact voltage signal (C1 channel):

[0050] Where W is the width of the half-window, with a preferred value of 2-3 points. This step effectively suppresses high-frequency noise while preserving the signal edge characteristics.

[0051] For example, a sliding window averaging filter is applied to the C1 channel contact voltage signal to suppress high-frequency noise. The specific algorithm is as follows: Given a half-window width W = 5 points, calculate the sliding window average for each sampling point i:

[0052] Boundary handling: , where N is the total number of data points. A 5.5-point window (11 points in total) is used, which corresponds to an 880ns average window at an 80ns sampling interval. This effectively suppresses high-frequency noise without excessively blurring the edge features of the signal.

[0053] S1011: Calculate the mean of the signal within the window using the following formula:

[0054] In the formula, For window size, The sampling point corresponding to the starting position of the window. This represents the total number of sampling points within the window. For the first The smoothed contact voltage signal corresponding to each sampling point.

[0055] S1012: Calculate the variance of the signal within the window using the following formula:

[0056] S1013: Calculate the range of the signal within the window using the following formula:

[0057] In the formula, For the first Each sampling point is located at The maximum smoothed contact voltage signal within the interval. For the first Each sampling point is located at The minimum smoothed contact voltage signal within the interval.

[0058] Step 102: If the mean, variance, and range of the signal within the window simultaneously meet their respective stability conditions, determine the window position as the stable closing moment of the contact, and determine the pull-in time based on the product of the difference between the stable closing moment of the contact and the coil energization moment and the sampling time interval.

[0059] Specifically, the mean, variance, and range of the signal within the window must simultaneously satisfy their respective stability conditions, including: the mean of the signal within the window must satisfy the following stability condition: ,in, The mean threshold; The variance of the signal within the window satisfies the corresponding stability condition as follows: , This is the variance threshold; The range of the signal within the window satisfies the corresponding stability condition as follows: ,in This is the range threshold.

[0060] Adsorption time calculation: .

[0061] For example, see Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment details the core algorithm for attracting time measurement—the three-condition window stability determination method. Window parameter settings: Window size: = 5000 points, corresponding to a 400μs time window; mean threshold: = 0.5V; Variance threshold: = 0.02; Range threshold: = 1.0V; Absolute value exclusion threshold: 2.0V. Algorithm implementation: Set window size = 5000 points, the search starting position is 1000 points after the initial change point, and the search step size is 100 points. For each window position i, perform the following calculation: Step 1: Anomaly pre-detection. Traverse all points within the window. If anomalies exist... If there are any abnormal points, skip this window.

[0062] Step 2: Calculation of statistics: Mean:

[0063] variance:

[0064] Range:

[0065] Step 3: Three conditions must be met simultaneously: If stableIndex = i is determined to be a stable closing moment, the search is terminated.

[0066] The physical meaning of the three conditions: Condition 1 (Mean Condition): After the contacts are fully closed, the voltage across the contacts should be close to 0V. A mean value less than 0.5V ensures that the overall voltage level has dropped to the closed state. Condition 2 (Variance Condition): Voltage fluctuations are minimal in a stable closed state. A variance less than 0.02 ensures the signal has stabilized, excluding cases where the signal is still bouncing back. Condition 3 (Range Condition): The difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​within the window is less than 1.0V, further ensuring no transient fluctuations. This supplements the variance condition, more directly excluding cases with spikes. All three conditions must be met simultaneously, forming a strict stability judgment criterion, effectively avoiding misjudging transient low voltages during the bounce process as stable closure.

[0067] Step 103: Starting from the moment the coil is de-energized, a three-layer progressive strategy is used to detect the moment the contact is opened, and the release time is determined based on the product of the difference between the moment the contact is opened and the moment the coil is de-energized and the sampling time.

[0068] The de-energization time of the coil is determined based on the relationship between the falling edge of the coil voltage signal and a preset falling edge determination condition; the three-layer progressive strategy includes a first-layer threshold detection, a second-layer slope detection, and a third-layer absolute value detection.

[0069] Specifically, the preset falling edge detection condition is as follows: when At that time, determine the sampling point The corresponding time is the time when the coil is de-energized; In the formula, The falling edge detection threshold, Sampling points The corresponding coil voltage, Sampling points The corresponding coil voltage.

[0070] For example, see Figure 4 As shown, the falling edge detection for the release time test also starts the search from the beginning of the data. The specific algorithm is as follows: Set the initial index voltageFallIndex = -1, and traverse the coil voltage data starting from point 100. For each sampling point i corresponding to each position, determine whether the following condition is met:

[0071] If the condition is met, record the position as the falling edge time: voltageFallIndex = i, and terminate the search. This edge detection method directly reflects the state change of the coil voltage and has clear physical significance as a time reference.

[0072] Release time calculation: .

[0073] In one specific implementation, the first-layer threshold detection includes: Calculate the reference value of the contact voltage within the steady-state interval prior to the edge moment; like If the contact breaks at a point, then the point where the contact breaks is the point that exceeds the threshold; where, For the change threshold, For consecutive points requirement, This serves as the reference value for the contact voltage. This is the smoothed contact voltage signal; The second layer slope detection includes:

[0074]

[0075] In the formula, This is the slope calculation window. The moment the contact opens; The third-layer absolute value detection includes:

[0076] In the formula, This is the absolute voltage threshold.

[0077] In one specific embodiment, the formula for calculating the reference value of the contact voltage is as follows:

[0078] In the formula, Calculate the sample size based on the baseline. This is the offset. This refers to the edge moment.

[0079] For example, the reference value of the contact voltage is calculated in the steady-state interval before the edge moment. The specific algorithm is as follows: Let the reference calculation sample number be... = 1000 points, offset = 200 points. Baseline interval starting position:

[0080] Reference voltage calculation:

[0081] For the pull-in time test, the reference voltage is the high voltage value (approximately 28V) when the contacts are open; for the release time test, the reference voltage is the low voltage value (close to 0V) when the contacts are closed. This reference value is used for subsequent change detection.

[0082] For example, see Figure 5 As shown in the figure, this embodiment details the core algorithm for release time measurement—the three-layer progressive change point detection method.

[0083] First layer: Threshold detection: changing threshold = 2.0V, continuous point requirement = 10 points. Starting from the moment the coil is de-energized, search within a range of 300,000 points.

[0084] For each sampling point i at each location, the judgment condition is: If this condition is met continuously If the condition is not met, the contact opening time is determined by: contactOpenIndex = the position where the condition is first met. If the condition is not met, the continuous count is reset.

[0085] Threshold detection requires voltage changes exceeding 2V for 10 consecutive points (800ns) to effectively eliminate transient noise interference.

[0086] Second layer: Slope detection: Enabled when the first layer detection fails. Set up a slope calculation window. = 20 points. For each sampling point i at each location, calculate the slope:

[0087] Iterate through all positions within the search range and find the position with the largest slope: When the first-level threshold detection fails (possibly due to a slow signal change), slope detection is enabled to find the position with the largest voltage change rate as the contact disconnection time.

[0088] Third layer: Absolute value detection: Enabled when both the first and second layers fail. Set absolute voltage threshold. =10.0V. Within the expanded search range (500,000 points), find the first position that meets the condition: if If i = i, then contactOpenIndex = i.

[0089] The third layer is the final safeguard, directly detecting whether the voltage exceeds the absolute threshold of 10V. This layer ensures that the moment the contact breaks can be found even under abnormal signal conditions. The three-layer progressive design concept: from precise to lenient, gradually relaxing the detection conditions. The first layer is the most precise, accurately locating the starting point of the change; the second layer provides an alternative solution if the first layer fails; the third layer serves as the final safeguard to ensure successful detection.

[0090] In one specific implementation, the measurement results are recorded and statistically analyzed. Statistical variables include: test count: testCount = 0 (initial value); time sum: sumTime = 0.0; minimum time: (Initial value); Maximum time: maxTime = 0.0; Update statistics after each measurement:

[0091]

[0092]

[0093]

[0094]

[0095] The system provides real-time display of current value, minimum value, maximum value, and average value, making it easy for users to assess the consistency of relay batches.

[0096] In one specific embodiment, the relay action time measurement method based on three-condition window stability determination further includes a comprehensive stability score calculation:

[0097] In the formula, the mean score , The mean score is the maximum score threshold, and the variance score is the minimum score threshold. Extremely poor rating , These are the weighting coefficients.

[0098] For example, this embodiment details the calculation method and application of the stability comprehensive score.

[0099] Three-dimensional scoring calculation: Parameter settings: Mean score, maximum score threshold: The maximum score threshold for a poor score is: The maximum score threshold for a poor score is: Weighting coefficients: .

[0100] Scoring calculation for each item:

[0101]

[0102]

[0103] Weighted overall score:

[0104] The physical meaning of the score: It reflects the degree of DC bias of the signal; the closer it is to 0, the smaller the contact resistance of the contact point. Reflecting the degree of signal fluctuation, the closer it is to 0, the more stable the contact; It reflects the amplitude of the signal spike; the closer it is to 0, the less abnormal the fluctuation.

[0105] Quality grade determination: Grade A (high confidence level); Grade B (Medium confidence level); Grade C (Low confidence level, review recommended); Grade D (Unreliable, needs to be retested).

[0106] Example of adaptive window size calculation: This embodiment illustrates how to adaptively adjust the window size based on the signal-to-noise level.

[0107] Noise level estimation: Estimate the noise standard deviation over the pre-trigger interval (before t_0). Let the noise estimation interval be:

[0108]

[0109] Number of samples N = noiseEnd – noiseStart; Calculate the standard deviation of noise:

[0110]

[0111] Adaptive window calculation: Parameter settings: Baseline window: Reference noise: Adjustment coefficient: k = 1.0; Lower window limit: Window limit: Adaptive window calculation:

[0112] Limit window range:

[0113] Adaptive effect: Low noise environment medium noise High-noise environment .

[0114] More specifically, the relay action time measurement method based on three-condition window stability judgment further includes: calculating the confidence level of the determined change point in the release time detection to evaluate the reliability of the detection result.

[0115] In the formula, After the point of change Average voltage at each point Before the point of change Average voltage at each point This represents the standard deviation of the signal-to-noise ratio.

[0116] For example, this embodiment illustrates the calculation of confidence levels for change points in release time detection.

[0117] Voltage calculation before and after the change point: Parameter settings: Number of samples before the change point: Number of samples after the point of change: Calculation of average voltage:

[0118]

[0119] Confidence calculation:

[0120] Confidence level determination: The test results are highly reliable (6σ criterion); The test results are reliable (3σ criterion). The test results are unreliable and require manual confirmation or retesting.

[0121] Statistical basis for confidence level: 3σ corresponds to 99.7% confidence level, with a false positive probability of about 0.3%; 6σ corresponds to 99.9999% confidence level, with a false positive probability of about 0.0001%.

[0122] In one specific implementation, a comprehensive measurement quality score is calculated by combining the stability score and the confidence level at the point of change. :

[0123] In the formula, These are the weighting coefficients.

[0124] For example, this embodiment illustrates how to integrate various scoring indicators to conduct a measurement quality assessment.

[0125] Overall score calculation: Parameter settings: Stability score weight: Confidence score weighting: .

[0126] Calculation steps: Confidence normalization (6σ full score): Overall score: .

[0127] Quality assessment and handling recommendations: Excellent, the results are ready to use. Good, the results are reliable; Generally, a review is recommended. Poor, we recommend retesting.

[0128] Automated decision support: The system can, based on It automatically determines whether to retest or mark an exception, enabling unattended batch testing quality control.

[0129] In this embodiment, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: High measurement accuracy: Employing a high sampling rate of 12.5MHz and a time resolution of 80ns, it can accurately capture microsecond-level motion processes. The three-condition window stability determination method effectively eliminates bounce interference and accurately determines the true stable moment through triple constraints of mean, variance, and range.

[0130] Unified time reference: Using the coil voltage edge as a unified reference avoids delay differences between different references, ensuring the consistency and comparability of pull-in and release time measurement results.

[0131] Highly targeted: The pull-in time uses a three-condition window stability determination method, suitable for detecting the process from fluctuation to stability; the release time uses a three-layer progressive detection method, suitable for detecting the process from stability to change. Both methods are optimized for their respective physical characteristics.

[0132] Good robustness: The three-layer progressive detection strategy provides multiple safeguards, ensuring that reasonable change points can be found even under abnormal signal conditions. Window statistical methods have a natural ability to suppress local noise.

[0133] Wide applicability: The method parameters can be adjusted according to different types of relays, making it suitable for measuring the operating time of electromagnetic relays of various specifications. Four-channel synchronous acquisition provides a data foundation for subsequent multi-parameter comprehensive analysis.

[0134] In one embodiment, Figure 6 This is a detailed flowchart of a relay action time measurement method based on three-condition window stability determination according to an embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is further optimized and expanded based on the above embodiments.

[0135] S1: Four-channel synchronous data acquisition (C1: Contact voltage (Contact V), C2: Coil voltage (Trig) (Coil V(Trig)), C3: Contact current (Contact I), C4: Coil current (Coil I), Sampling rate: 12.5MHz, Window: 100ms).

[0136] S2: Trigger edge detection (rising edge - pull-in test, falling edge - release test) and time base establishment (t0 = C2 channel 10V zero crossing point).

[0137] S3: Signal preprocessing (filtering, normalization, DC bias removal).

[0138] S4: Baseline Voltage Extraction (V) baseline =median(V pretrigger Extracted from the pre-triggered stable region.

[0139] Test type determination (attraction test side and release test side): S5a: Sliding window analysis (window width W = 50-200 points, three-condition window for stability: condition 1: avg < 0.5V (mean condition), condition 2: var < 0.02 (variance condition), condition 3: range < 1.0V (range condition)), find the first stable window, and calculate the absorption time when all three conditions are met.

[0140] S5b: Three-layer progressive detection, coarse-to-fine localization strategy, first layer: relative threshold detection. Second layer: Slope extremum detection to find the maximum point of dV / dt; Third layer: Absolute threshold detection. >10V; Calculate release time .

[0141] S6: Stability Score Calculation A coarse-to-fine W-positioning strategy .

[0142] S7: Adaptive Window Optimization The window is dynamically adjusted based on the noise level.

[0143] S8: Confidence Assessment of Change It characterizes the significance of state changes.

[0144] S9: Measurement Quality Scoring , .

[0145] judge Is it greater than or equal to? If yes, output the results (adsorption time, release time, quality score, confidence level high / medium / low); otherwise, adjust the parameters and retest, then return to step S1.

[0146] It should be understood that the sequence number of each step in the above embodiments does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0147] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an electronic device that implements various embodiments of the present invention.

[0148] The relay action time measurement method based on three-condition window stability determination provided in this application can be applied to electronic devices. Those skilled in the art will understand that the electronic device structure involved in the embodiments of this invention does not constitute a limitation on the electronic device. An electronic device may include more or fewer components than illustrated, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements. In the embodiments of this invention, the electronic device includes, but is not limited to, laptop computers, desktop computers, workbenches, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframe computers, and other suitable computers. The electronic device may also represent various forms of mobile devices, such as personal digital processors, cellular phones, smartphones, wearable devices, and other similar computing devices. The components shown herein, their connections and relationships, and their functions are merely examples and are not intended to limit the implementation of the embodiments of this application described and / or claimed herein.

[0149] Electronic devices may include processors, external memory interfaces, internal memory, universal serial bus (USB) interfaces, charging management modules, power management modules, batteries, wireless communication modules, audio modules, speakers, microphones, sensor modules, buttons, cameras, displays, and SIM card interfaces, etc.

[0150] It is understood that the structures illustrated in the embodiments of this application do not constitute a specific limitation on the electronic device. In other embodiments of this application, the electronic device may include more or fewer components than illustrated, or combine some components, or split some components, or have different component arrangements. The illustrated components may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware.

[0151] A processor may include one or more processing units, such as: a central processing unit (CPU), an application processor (AP), a modem processor, a graphics processing unit (GPU), an image signal processor (ISP), a controller, memory, a video codec, a digital signal processor (DSP), a baseband processor, and / or a neural network processing unit (NPU). Different processing units may be independent devices or integrated into one or more processors.

[0152] The processor can serve as the nerve center and command center of an electronic device. The controller can generate operation control signals based on the instruction opcode and timing signals to control the fetching and execution of instructions.

[0153] The processor may also include memory for storing instructions and data. In some embodiments, the memory in the processor is a cache memory. This memory can store instructions or data that the processor has just used or that are used repeatedly. If the processor needs to use the instruction or data again, it can retrieve it directly from this memory. This avoids repeated accesses, reduces processor latency, and thus improves system efficiency.

[0154] An external storage interface (ESI) can be used to connect external memory cards, such as microSD cards, to expand the storage capacity of electronic devices. The external memory card communicates with the processor through the ESI to perform data storage functions, such as saving music and video files on the external memory card.

[0155] Internal memory can be used to store computer executable program code, which includes instructions. The processor executes various functional applications and data processing of electronic devices by running the instructions stored in internal memory. Internal memory can include a program storage area and a data storage area. Internal memory can include high-speed random access memory, and can also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, universal flash storage (UFS), etc.

[0156] Wireless communication functionality in electronic devices can be achieved through antennas, wireless communication modules, modem processors, and baseband processors.

[0157] Wireless communication modules can provide solutions for wireless communication applications in electronic devices, including wireless local area networks (WLANs) (such as wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) networks), Bluetooth (BT), global navigation satellite system (GNSS), frequency modulation (FM), near field communication (NFC), and infrared (IR) technologies.

[0158] Electronic devices can implement audio functions through audio modules, speakers, receivers, microphones, headphone jacks, and application processors.

[0159] Electronic devices can achieve shooting functions through ISPs, cameras, video codecs, GPUs, displays, and application processors.

[0160] Electronic devices can achieve display functions through GPUs, displays, and application processors.

[0161] A GPU is a microprocessor for image processing, connected to the display screen and application processor. GPUs are used to perform mathematical and geometric calculations for graphics rendering. A processor may include one or more GPUs, which execute program instructions to generate or modify display information.

[0162] A display screen is used to display images, videos, etc. A display screen includes a display panel.

[0163] The storage medium provided in this application stores a program product capable of implementing a relay action time measurement method based on three-condition window stability determination.

[0164] In some possible implementations, the subject matter of this disclosure, namely, "Relay Action Time Measurement Method Based on Three-Condition Window Stability Determination," can be implemented as a program product comprising program code that, when run on a terminal device, causes the terminal device to perform the steps described in the "Exemplary Methods" section of this specification according to various exemplary embodiments of this disclosure.

[0165] The storage medium disclosed herein may be any combination of one or more readable media. A readable medium may be a readable signal medium or a readable storage medium. A readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination thereof. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of readable storage media include: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable disk, a hard disk, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fiber, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage device, magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0166] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for measuring relay actuation time based on three-condition window stability determination, characterized in that, include: The coil voltage signal of the relay is acquired, and the edge of the coil voltage signal is used as the unified time starting reference for the pull-in or release action; Starting from the moment the coil is energized, a sliding window of a preset size is used to search for the moment when the contact is stably closed. For each window position, the mean, variance, and range of the signal within the window are calculated simultaneously. The moment when the coil is energized is determined based on the relationship between the rising edge of the coil voltage signal and a preset rising edge determination condition. If the mean, variance, and range of the signal within the window simultaneously satisfy their respective stability conditions, the window position is determined to be the moment when the contact is stably closed, and the pull-in time is determined based on the product of the difference between the moment when the contact is stably closed and the moment when the coil is energized and the sampling time interval. Starting from the moment the coil is de-energized, a three-layer progressive strategy is used to detect the moment the contact is disconnected, and the release time is determined based on the product of the difference between the moment the contact is disconnected and the moment the coil is de-energized and the sampling time. The moment the coil is de-energized is determined based on the relationship between the falling edge of the coil voltage signal and a preset falling edge determination condition. The three-layer progressive strategy includes a first-layer threshold detection, a second-layer slope detection, and a third-layer absolute value detection. The first layer threshold detection includes: Calculate the reference value of the contact voltage within the steady-state interval prior to the edge moment; like If the contact breaks at a point, then the point where the contact breaks is the point that exceeds the threshold; where, For the change threshold, For consecutive points requirement, This serves as the reference value for the contact voltage. This is the smoothed contact voltage signal; The second layer slope detection includes: In the formula, This is the slope calculation window. The moment the contact opens; The third-layer absolute value detection includes: In the formula, This is the absolute voltage threshold. The calculation process for the mean, variance, and range of the signal within the window includes: Simultaneously, the coil voltage signal of the relay is acquired, and the contact voltage signal of the relay is acquired. The time start reference is unified, and the contact voltage signal is subjected to sliding window averaging filtering to obtain a smoothed contact voltage signal. Calculate the mean of the signal within the window using the following formula: In the formula, For window size, The sampling point corresponding to the starting position of the window. This represents the total number of sampling points within the window. For the first Smoothed contact voltage signal at each sampling point; Calculate the variance of the signal within the window using the following formula: Calculate the range of the signal within the window using the following formula: In the formula, For the first Each sampling point is located at The maximum smoothed contact voltage signal within the interval. For the first Each sampling point is located at The minimum smoothed contact voltage signal within the interval; The mean of the signal within the window satisfies the following stability condition: ,in, The mean threshold; The variance of the signal within the window satisfies the corresponding stability condition as follows: , This is the variance threshold; The range of the signal within the window satisfies the corresponding stability condition as follows: ,in The range threshold; The relay action time measurement method based on three-condition window stability determination also includes a comprehensive stability score calculation: In the formula, the mean score , The mean score is the maximum score threshold, and the variance score is the minimum score threshold. Extremely poor rating , These are the weighting coefficients.

2. The relay action time measurement method based on three-condition window stability determination according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset rising edge determination condition is expressed as follows: when At that time, determine the sampling point The corresponding time is the time when the coil is energized; in, This represents the coil voltage corresponding to sampling point i. Indicates the rising edge detection threshold. To confirm the number of points, This is the confirmed value for voltage increment.

3. The relay action time measurement method based on three-condition window stability determination according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset falling edge detection condition is: when At that time, determine the sampling point The corresponding time is the time when the coil is de-energized; In the formula, The falling edge detection threshold, Sampling points The corresponding coil voltage, Sampling points The corresponding coil voltage.

4. The relay action time measurement method based on three-condition window stability determination according to claim 1, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the reference value of the contact voltage is as follows: In the formula, Calculate the sample size based on the baseline. This is the offset. This refers to the edge moment.

5. The relay action time measurement method based on three-condition window stability determination according to claim 1, characterized in that, The relay action time measurement method based on three-condition window stability judgment further includes: calculating the confidence level of each change point determined in the release time detection to evaluate the reliability of the detection results. In the formula, After the point of change Average voltage at each point Before the point of change Average voltage at each point This represents the standard deviation of the signal-to-noise ratio.

6. The relay action time measurement method based on three-condition window stability determination according to claim 5, characterized in that, The overall measurement quality score is calculated by combining the stability score and the confidence level at the point of change. : In the formula, These are the weighting coefficients.

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