Polarization modulator and display device

Abstract

A display device includes a display panel, a first electrically controlled phase delay unit, a polarizing modulator, and a second polarizer. The display panel has a display surface. The first electrically controlled phase delay unit is disposed overlapping the display panel. The polarizing modulator includes a first polarizer and a polarizing modulation unit. The polarizing modulation unit includes a first phase retardation film. The first polarizer has a first absorption axis. The first phase retardation film has a first optical axis. The orthographic projection of the first optical axis onto the display surface is neither parallel nor perpendicular to the orthographic projection of the first absorption axis onto the display surface. The sum of the in-plane phase retardation values ​​of the polarizing modulation unit is greater than or equal to -50 nm and less than or equal to 50 nm. The second polarizer is disposed on the side of the first electrically controlled phase delay unit opposite to the polarizing modulator and has a second absorption axis. The second absorption axis is perpendicular to the first absorption axis. The present invention also provides a polarizing modulator. The polarizing modulator and display device provided by the present invention can meet the privacy protection requirements of various usage scenarios of automotive displays.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a display technology, and more particularly to a display device. Background Technology

[0002] To improve driving safety, in-vehicle displays can be designed with a one-sided privacy feature. For example, when the vehicle is in motion, the one-sided privacy function is activated, and the display will not show an image from the driver's side, but will show an image from the passenger side. However, when the vehicle is driving at night, the image displayed on the non-privacy side can easily be reflected by the passenger-side window or windshield, creating a reflection. This can prevent the driver from clearly seeing the real-time road conditions on the side of the vehicle from the passenger-side window, causing inconvenience and even endangering driving safety.

[0003] The "Background Art" paragraph is only used to help understand the content of this invention. Therefore, the content disclosed in the "Background Art" paragraph may include some known technologies that are not known to those skilled in the art. The content disclosed in the "Background Art" paragraph does not mean that the content or the problems to be solved by one or more embodiments of this invention were known or understood by those skilled in the art prior to this application. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a polarizer and display device that can meet the privacy requirements of various usage scenarios for in-vehicle displays.

[0005] Other objects and advantages of the present invention can be further understood from the technical features disclosed herein.

[0006] To achieve one, some, or all of the above-mentioned objectives, or other objectives, one embodiment of the present invention provides a display device. The display device includes a display panel, a first electrically controlled phase retarder, a polarizing modulator, and a second polarizer. The display panel has a display surface. The first electrically controlled phase retarder is disposed overlapping the display panel. The polarizing modulator includes a first polarizer and a polarizing modulation unit. The polarizing modulation unit includes a first phase retardation film. The first polarizer has a first absorption axis. The first phase retardation film has a first optical axis. The orthographic projection of the first optical axis onto the display surface is neither parallel nor perpendicular to the orthographic projection of the first absorption axis onto the display surface. The sum of the in-plane phase retardation values ​​of the polarizing modulation unit is greater than or equal to -50 nm and less than or equal to 50 nm. The second polarizer is disposed on the side of the first electrically controlled phase retarder opposite to the polarizing modulator and has a second absorption axis. The second absorption axis is perpendicular to the first absorption axis.

[0007] To achieve one or more of the above-mentioned objectives, or other objectives, one embodiment of the present invention provides a polarizing modulator. The polarizing modulator includes a first polarizer and a polarizing modulation unit. The polarizing modulation unit includes a first phase retardation film. The first polarizer has a first absorption axis. The first phase retardation film has a first optical axis. The orthographic projection of the first optical axis onto the first polarizer is neither parallel nor perpendicular to the first absorption axis. The sum of the in-plane phase retardation values ​​of the polarizing modulation unit is greater than or equal to -50 nm and less than or equal to 50 nm.

[0008] Based on the above, in a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention, an electrically controlled phase retarder disposed between two polarizers with mutually perpendicular absorption axes enables the display device to have an electrically switchable privacy protection effect. By providing a phase retarder film in the polarizer, the wide-viewing-angle light emission of the display device on the non-privacy side is effectively suppressed. Furthermore, by controlling the sum of the in-plane phase retardation values ​​of the polarizer units within the range of -50nm to 50nm, it can be ensured that the brightness of the display device at the forward viewing angle is not reduced due to the polarizer.

[0009] To make the above features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Figure 1A This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a display device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

[0011] Figure 1B This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a modified embodiment of a display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0012] Figure 2 yes Figure 1A A schematic diagram showing the configuration relationship between the absorption axis of the polarizer, the alignment direction of the alignment layer, the compensation axis of the compensation film, and the optical axis of the phase retardation film.

[0013] Figure 3A and Figure 3B yes Figure 1A The light emission distribution diagram of the display device when operating in different display modes.

[0014] Figure 4A and Figure 4B This is a comparative example of a display device operating in different display modes, showing the light output distribution.

[0015] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a display device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 6 yes Figure 5A schematic diagram showing the configuration relationship between the absorption axis of the polarizer, the alignment direction of the alignment layer, the compensation axis of the compensation film, and the optical axis of the phase retardation film.

[0017] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a display device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 A schematic diagram showing the configuration relationship between the absorption axis of the polarizer, the alignment direction of the alignment layer, the compensation axis of the compensation film, and the optical axis of the phase retardation film.

[0019] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a display device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 10 yes Figure 9 A schematic diagram showing the configuration relationship between the absorption axis of the polarizer, the alignment direction of the alignment layer, the compensation axis of the compensation film, and the optical axis of the phase retardation film.

[0021] Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a display device according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 12 yes Figure 11 A schematic diagram showing the configuration relationship between the absorption axis of the polarizer, the alignment direction of the alignment layer, and the optical axis of the phase retardation film.

[0023] Figure 13 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a display device according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 14 yes Figure 13 A schematic diagram showing the configuration relationship between the absorption axis of the polarizer, the alignment direction of the alignment layer, and the optical axis of the phase retardation film.

[0025] Figure 15 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a display device according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 16 yes Figure 15 A schematic diagram showing the configuration relationship between the absorption axis of the polarizer, the alignment direction of the alignment layer, the compensation axis of the compensation film, and the optical axis of the phase retardation film.

[0027] Figure 17 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a display device according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 18 yes Figure 17A schematic diagram showing the configuration relationship between the absorption axis of the polarizer, the alignment direction of the alignment layer, and the optical axis of the phase retardation film.

[0029] Figure 19 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a display device according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 20 yes Figure 19 A schematic diagram showing the configuration relationship between the absorption axis of the polarizer, the alignment direction of the alignment layer, the compensation axis of the compensation film, and the optical axis of the phase retardation film.

[0031] Figure 21 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a display device according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 22 yes Figure 21 A schematic diagram showing the configuration relationship between the absorption axis of the polarizer, the alignment direction of the alignment layer, the compensation axis of the compensation film, and the optical axis of the phase retardation film.

[0033] Figure 23 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a display device according to the eleventh embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 24 yes Figure 23 A schematic diagram showing the configuration relationship between the absorption axis of the polarizer, the alignment direction of the alignment layer, and the optical axis of the phase retardation film.

[0035] Figure 25 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a display device according to the twelfth embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 26 yes Figure 25 A schematic diagram showing the configuration relationship between the absorption axis of the polarizer, the alignment direction of the alignment layer, and the optical axis of the phase retardation film.

[0037] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0038] 10, 10”, 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 11, 11A, 11B, 11C, 11D, 11E: Display devices

[0039] 50: Backlight module

[0040] 100, 100A: Display panel

[0041] 110: Electronically controlled LCD box

[0042] 121, 122, POL1, POL2, POL3, POL3-A, POL4: Polarizing film

[0043] 210: First electronically controlled phase delay unit

[0044] 220: Second electronically controlled phase delay unit

[0045] 300, 300", 300A, 300B, 300C, 300E, 300F, 300G: Polarizing modulators

[0046] 310, 310”, 310A: Polarizing modulation unit

[0047] A1, A2, A3, A4, B1: included angle

[0048] AD1: First alignment direction

[0049] AD2: Second alignment direction

[0050] AD3: Third alignment direction

[0051] AD4: Fourth alignment direction

[0052] AL1: First alignment layer

[0053] AL2: Second alignment layer

[0054] AL3: Third alignment layer

[0055] AL4: Fourth alignment layer

[0056] AX1, AX2, AX3, AX4: Absorption axes

[0057] COA1: Compensation optical axis

[0058] CPF1: First compensation membrane

[0059] CPF2: Second compensation membrane

[0060] DS: Display Surface

[0061] HWP: Half-wave plate

[0062] LCL1: First liquid crystal layer

[0063] LCL2: Second liquid crystal layer

[0064] OA1: First optical axis

[0065] OA2: Second optical axis

[0066] PRF1, PRF1”: First phase delay film

[0067] PRF2: Second phase delay film

[0068] QWP: Quarter Wave Plate

[0069] SPD, SPD: Unilateral privacy protection direction

[0070] Z: Direction. Detailed Implementation

[0071] The foregoing descriptions and other technical contents, features, and effects of this invention will be clearly presented in the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings. The directional terms used in the following embodiments, such as up, down, left, right, front, or back, are merely for reference to the accompanying drawings. Therefore, the directional terms used are for illustrative purposes and not for limiting the invention.

[0072] Figure 1A This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a display device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 yes Figure 1A A schematic diagram showing the configuration relationships of the absorption axis of the polarizer, the alignment direction of the alignment layer, the compensation axis of the compensation film, and the optical axis of the phase retardation film. It should be noted that... Figure 2 The angle configuration relationship is, for example, the angle configuration relationship in each direction in the top view of the display device 10. The angle configuration relationship diagram in this invention is similar and will not be described again.

[0073] Please refer to Figure 1A The display device 10 includes a display panel 100 and a first electrically controlled phase delay unit 210. The first electrically controlled phase delay unit 210 is disposed overlapping the display panel 100 along a direction Z, for example perpendicular to the display surface DS of the display panel 100, the display surface DS being adapted to display an image. The display panel 100 is, for example, a liquid crystal display panel, which may include a polarizer 121, a polarizer 122, and an electrically controlled liquid crystal cell 110 disposed between the polarizers 121 and 122, but is not limited thereto. In other embodiments, the display panel 100 may also be other suitable non-self-emissive display panels. Therefore, in this embodiment, the display device 10 may also include a backlight module 50. The backlight module 50 is disposed on the side of the first electrically controlled phase delay unit 210 facing away from the display panel 100 (i.e., the first electrically controlled phase delay unit 210 is disposed between the display panel 100 and the backlight module 50), and is used to provide the illumination light required when the display panel 100 is displaying an image. The backlight module 50 is, for example, a side-lit backlight module (which may contain one or two light guide plates) or a direct-lit backlight module.

[0074] The first electrically controlled phase delay device 210 may include a first substrate (not shown), a second substrate (not shown), a first alignment layer AL1, a second alignment layer AL2, and a first liquid crystal layer LCL1. The first alignment layer AL1 and the second alignment layer AL2 are respectively disposed on the first substrate and the second substrate. Specifically, for ease of reading, the first substrate and the second substrate are omitted from the drawings. The first alignment layer AL1 is located between the first substrate and the first liquid crystal layer LCL1. The second alignment layer AL2 is located between the second substrate and the first liquid crystal layer LCL1. The first liquid crystal layer LCL1 is disposed between the first alignment layer AL1 and the second alignment layer AL2.

[0075] It should be noted that the two alignment layers of the electrically controlled phase retarder are configured to determine the alignment direction (alignment state) of the liquid crystal layer in its natural state (e.g., without the influence of an electric field). To drive the liquid crystal layer, the electrically controlled phase retarder may also include two electrode layers (not shown), respectively disposed on opposite sides of the liquid crystal layer. When these two electrode layers are enabled and have a potential difference, multiple liquid crystal molecules (not shown) in the liquid crystal layer will be deflected by the electric field formed between the two electrode layers.

[0076] Please refer to Figure 1A and Figure 2 The first electronically controlled phase delay unit 210 may have a single-sided privacy shutter direction SPD perpendicular to direction Z. In this embodiment, the single-sided privacy shutter direction SPD is, for example, pointing towards... Figure 2 The direction to the left. Firstly, it should be noted that the first electronically controlled phase delay unit 210 enables the display device 10 to have a privacy effect within the viewing angle range on one side along the single-sided privacy direction SPD, that is, limiting the display device 10 in... Figure 2 The light emitted from a specific viewing angle range on the left side.

[0077] For example, in this embodiment, the first alignment direction AD1 of the first alignment layer AL1 of the first electrically controlled phase delay 210 is perpendicular to the second alignment direction AD2 of the second alignment layer AL2. That is, the first liquid crystal layer LCL1 of the first electrically controlled phase delay 210 in this embodiment is driven in a twisted-nematic (TN) mode, and the angle between the first alignment direction AD1 and the second alignment direction AD2 is 90 degrees. In this embodiment, the angles between the first alignment direction AD1 and the second alignment direction AD2 and the single-sided privacy protection direction SPD are 45 degrees or 135 degrees. For example, the angle A1 between the first alignment direction AD1 and the single-sided privacy protection direction SPD can be 135 degrees, and the angle A2 between the second alignment direction AD2 and the single-sided privacy protection direction SPD can be 45 degrees.

[0078] The maximum phase retardation value of the first liquid crystal layer LCL1 is, for example, 1.08 μm. The aforementioned maximum phase retardation value is, for example, the product of the difference between the ordinary ray refractive index and the extraordinary ray refractive index of the liquid crystal molecules (not shown) in the liquid crystal layer and the thickness of the liquid crystal layer. It is particularly noteworthy that, compared to the liquid crystal layers used in conventional liquid crystal display panels, the liquid crystal layer of the electrically controlled phase retarder of this invention has a significantly larger maximum phase retardation value.

[0079] It should be noted that, in Figure 2 In this context, the azimuth angle of a single-sided privacy screen (SPD) is, for example, 180 degrees. Therefore, the direction opposite to the single-sided privacy screen (SPD)... Figure 2 The azimuth angle (direction to the right) can be 0 degrees. Figure 2 The azimuth angle of the SPD perpendicular to the direction of privacy protection on one side and facing upward can be 90 degrees. Figure 2 The azimuth angle of the SPD perpendicular to the direction of privacy protection on one side and facing downward can be 270 degrees.

[0080] First, it should be noted that, in order to suppress light emission from the display device 10 at large viewing angles (e.g., angles greater than 50 degrees) on the non-peeping side, the display device 10 is also provided with a polarizer 300. In this embodiment, the polarizer 300 may be disposed between the display panel 100 and the first electrically controlled phase delay unit 210, and includes a polarizer POL1 and a polarizer modulation unit 310. The polarizer modulation unit 310 includes a first phase delay film PRF1. The polarizer POL1 may be disposed between the first phase delay film PRF1 and the first electrically controlled phase delay unit 210, but is not limited thereto. The polarizer POL1 has an absorption axis AX1. The first phase delay film PRF1 has a first optical axis OA1. The orthographic projection of the first optical axis OA1 on the display surface DS of the display panel 100 is neither parallel nor perpendicular to the orthographic projection of the absorption axis AX1 on the display surface DS. For example, in this embodiment, the first optical axis OA1 of the first phase delay film PRF1 may be parallel to the single-sided peeping direction SPD of the first electrically controlled phase delay unit 210. More specifically, the first optical axis OA1 is in Figure 2 The azimuth angle of the orthographic projection is 180 degrees, and the angle between the first optical axis OA1 and the absorption axis AX1 is, for example, greater than or equal to 30 degrees and less than or equal to 60 degrees. On the other hand, the absorption axis (not shown) of the polarizer 121 of the display panel 100 may be parallel to the first optical axis OA1 of the first phase retardation film PRF1. The absorption axis (not shown) of the polarizer 122 may be perpendicular to the first optical axis OA1 of the first phase retardation film PRF1.

[0081] The first phase retardation film PRF1 is, for example, an O-type phase retardation film made of liquid crystal material. For instance, if the material of the first phase retardation film PRF1 is positive liquid crystal, its in-plane phase retardation value (R0) is preferably in the range of 100 nm to 400 nm, and its out-of-plane phase retardation value (Rth) is preferably in the range of -30 nm to -100 nm. If the material of the first phase retardation film PRF1 is negative liquid crystal, its in-plane phase retardation value is preferably in the range of -50 nm to -150 nm, and its out-of-plane phase retardation value is preferably in the range of 100 nm to 380 nm.

[0082] The aforementioned out-of-plane phase retardation value can be defined by the following formula: Rth = [(nx + ny) / 2 - nz] * d, where nx and ny are the two refractive indices of the phase retardation film along two directions parallel to and perpendicular to the film surface, nz is the refractive index of the phase retardation film along the direction perpendicular to the film surface, and d is the film thickness of the phase retardation film. The aforementioned in-plane phase retardation value can be defined by the following formula: R0 = (nx - ny) * d.

[0083] In this embodiment, the display device 10 further includes a polarizer POL2, disposed on the side of the first electrically controlled phase delay unit 210 facing away from the polarizer modulator 300. That is, the polarizer POL2 is located between the first electrically controlled phase delay unit 210 and the backlight module 50. The absorption axis AX2 of the polarizer POL2 is perpendicular to the absorption axis AX1 of the polarizer POL1. Preferably, the absorption axis AX1 of the polarizer POL1 may be parallel to the first alignment direction AD1 of the first alignment layer AL1, while the absorption axis AX2 of the polarizer POL2 may be parallel to the second alignment direction AD2 of the second alignment layer AL2. Figure 2 In this embodiment, the azimuth angle of the first alignment direction AD1 is 315 degrees, and the azimuth angle of the second alignment direction AD2 is 225 degrees. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. In other embodiments, the absorption shaft AX1 may be perpendicular to the first alignment direction AD1, and the absorption shaft AX2 may be perpendicular to the second alignment direction AD2.

[0084] It should be noted that the arrangement relationship between the first alignment direction AD1, the second alignment direction AD2, and the axial direction of the absorption axis AX1 and the axial direction of the absorption axis AX2 can define the aforementioned single-sided privacy protection direction SPD. In other words, the first electrically controlled phase delay unit 210 disposed between the polarizer POL1 and the polarizer POL2 enables the display device 10 to have an electrically controllable single-sided privacy protection effect.

[0085] To ensure that the brightness of the display device 10 at the viewing angle is not reduced due to the polarization modulation unit 310, the sum of the in-plane phase retardation values ​​of the polarization modulation unit 310 must be greater than or equal to -50 nm and less than or equal to 50 nm. For example, in this embodiment, the polarization modulation unit 310 may further include a first compensation film CPF1. The first compensation film CPF1 has a compensation optical axis COA1, and the compensation optical axis COA1 is neither parallel to nor perpendicular to the absorption axis AX1 of the polarizer POL1. More specifically, the axial direction of the compensation optical axis COA1 may be perpendicular to the axial direction of the first optical axis OA1 of the first phase retardation film PRF1, that is, the angle B1 between the compensation optical axis COA1 and the first optical axis OA1 is 90 degrees. In other embodiments, the angle B1 is, for example, greater than or equal to 80 degrees and less than or equal to 100 degrees. In this embodiment, the sum of the in-plane phase retardation values ​​of the first phase retardation film PRF1 and the first compensation film CPF1 is greater than or equal to -50nm and less than or equal to 50nm, which ensures that the brightness of the display device at the viewing angle will not be reduced due to the setting of the polarizer 300. In another modified embodiment of the display device 10", as Figure 1B As shown, if the in-plane phase retardation value of the first phase retardation film PRF1” of the polarization modulation unit 310” of the polarization modulator 300” is greater than or equal to -50nm and less than or equal to 50nm, then the following setting is not required. Figure 1A The first compensation film is CPF1. Specifically, the sum of the in-plane phase retardation values ​​of the polarization modulation unit must be greater than or equal to -50 nm and less than or equal to 50 nm.

[0086] In this embodiment, the display device 10 may further include a second compensation film CPF2 and a half-wave plate HWP. The second compensation film CPF2 is disposed between the first electrically controlled phase delay unit 210 and the polarizer POL1 (or polarizer modulator 300) to compensate for the first electrically controlled phase delay unit 210, but is not limited thereto. The out-of-plane phase delay value of the second compensation film CPF2 is, for example, -150 nm. The half-wave plate HWP is disposed between the display panel 100 and the polarizer modulator 300. The azimuth angle of the optical axis of the half-wave plate HWP is, for example, [missing information]. Figure 2 The 112.5 degrees is used to adjust the polarization direction of the beam.

[0087] Figure 3A and Figure 3B yes Figure 1A The light emission distribution diagram of the display device when operating in different display modes. Figure 4A and Figure 4B This is a light emission distribution diagram of a comparative example display device operating in different display modes. Compared to the display device 10 of this embodiment, the comparative example display device does not have a polarizer 300.

[0088] For example, when the first electronically controlled phase delay 210 is disabled, the display device 10 operates in sharing mode, and the light output distribution of the display device 10 is as follows: Figure 3A As shown. The light emission distribution in sharing mode compared to the comparative example display device (e.g., Figure 4A As shown), the display device 10 in this embodiment is... Figure 3A The wide-angle light emission from the right side is effectively suppressed. Similarly, when the first electronically controlled phase delay unit 210 is enabled, the display device 10 operates in privacy mode, and the light emission distribution of the display device 10 is as follows: Figure 3B As shown. The light emission distribution of the display device in privacy mode compared to the comparative example (e.g., Figure 4B As shown), the display device 10 in this embodiment is on the non-peeping side (e.g., Figure 3B The right side (the side with an azimuth angle of 0 degrees) of the display device 10 effectively suppresses light emission from a wide viewing angle. In other words, whether in sharing mode or privacy mode, the display device 10... Figure 3A and Figure 3B The light emitted from the right side of the screen at a wide viewing angle can be suppressed by the setting of the polarizer 300.

[0089] Based on the aforementioned light filtering characteristics, the display device 10 of this embodiment is suitable for use in a vehicle-mounted personal display. For example, in a left-hand drive vehicle, the driver's seat can be positioned within the negative viewing angle range of the display device 10 (e.g., Figure 3B Within the left half of the area, the front passenger seat (i.e., the passenger seat in front) of the vehicle can be arranged within the positive viewing angle range of the display device 10 (e.g., the area on the left side), while the front passenger seat of the vehicle can be arranged within the positive viewing angle range of the display device 10 (e.g., the area on the left side of the vehicle). Figure 3B Within the right half of the vehicle's interior. When the vehicle is in motion, the display device 10 can switch to the aforementioned privacy mode. In this mode, the filtering effect of the first electronically controlled phase delay unit 210, polarizer POL1, and polarizer POL2 on the driver's side ensures that the driver is not disturbed by the display light emitted by the display device 10. On the other hand, the filtering effect of the polarizer 300 on the passenger side window ensures that the driver is not affected by the display light reflected through that window. In this way, the safety of the vehicle during nighttime driving can be greatly improved.

[0090] Other embodiments will be listed below to illustrate this disclosure in detail, wherein the same components will be labeled with the same symbols, and the description of the same technical content will be omitted. For the omitted parts, please refer to the foregoing embodiments, and they will not be repeated below.

[0091] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a display device according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing the configuration relationships of the polarizer's absorption axis, the alignment direction of the alignment layer, the compensation optical axis of the compensation film, and the optical axis of the phase retardation film. Please refer to... Figure 5 and Figure 6Compared to Figure 1A The polarization modulation unit 310A of the polarization modulator 300A of the display device 10A in this embodiment may further include a second phase retardation film PRF2, but does not include a first compensation film CPF1. The second phase retardation film PRF2 is disposed between the first phase retardation film PRF1 and the display panel 100.

[0092] It should be noted that the orthographic projection of the second optical axis OA2 of the second phase retardation film PRF2 onto the display surface DS is perpendicular to the orthographic projection of the first optical axis OA1 of the first phase retardation film PRF1 onto the display surface DS. More specifically, in this embodiment, the axial direction of the second optical axis OA2 of the second phase retardation film PRF2 is perpendicular to the first optical axis OA1 of the first phase retardation film PRF1. Figure 6 The azimuth angle in the image is, for example, 270 degrees, meaning the second optical axis OA2 can be parallel to... Figure 2 The compensation optical axis COA1 of the first compensation film CPF1.

[0093] The in-plane phase retardation values ​​of the first phase retardation film PRF1 and the second phase retardation film PRF2 are, for example, -50 nm, and their out-of-plane phase retardation values ​​are, for example, 105 nm, but are not limited thereto. In this embodiment, the sum of the in-plane phase retardation values ​​of the first phase retardation film PRF1 and the second phase retardation film PRF2 can be greater than or equal to -50 nm and less than or equal to 50 nm. That is, the compensation effect of the second phase retardation film PRF2 on the in-plane phase retardation value of the polarizer 300A is similar to that of... Figure 2 The first compensation film CPF1 is used. Therefore, the polarizer 300A in this embodiment can be omitted. Figure 2 The first compensation film CPF1 is set. Specifically, the sum of the in-plane phase retardation values ​​of the polarization modulation unit 310A must be greater than or equal to -50nm and less than or equal to 50nm.

[0094] On the other hand, the polarizer 300A, due to the provision of the second phase retardation film PRF2, can further suppress the display device 10A from being on another non-privacy side (e.g. Figure 3B The display emits light from the upper side (i.e., the side with an azimuth angle of 90 degrees). Therefore, when the display device 10A is used in a vehicle-mounted personal display, the vehicle's windshield is the viewing angle range above the display device (e.g., the upper side of the windshield, i.e., the side with an azimuth angle of 90 degrees). Figure 3B Within the upper half of the area. When the vehicle is traveling at night, the large-view light suppression effect of the polarizing modulator 300A above the display device 10A ensures that the driver or front passenger (i.e., the passenger in front seat) is not affected by the display light reflected through the windshield, thereby improving the viewing quality of the display device 10A.

[0095] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a display device according to a third embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8 yes Figure 7 A schematic diagram showing the configuration relationships of the polarizer's absorption axis, the alignment direction of the alignment layer, the compensation optical axis of the compensation film, and the optical axis of the phase retardation film. Please refer to... Figure 7 and Figure 8 The display device 10B in this embodiment and Figure 1A The only difference between the display devices 10 and the display devices 10 is the order in which the polarizer films are arranged.

[0096] For example, in the display device 10B of this embodiment, the first phase retardation film PRF1 of the polarizer 300B is disposed between the first electrically controlled phase retarder 210 and the polarizer POL1, and the first compensation film CPF1 is disposed between the polarizer POL1 and the first phase retardation film PRF1. It is particularly noteworthy that in this embodiment, the second compensation film CPF2 may be disposed between the polarizer POL2 and the first electrically controlled phase retarder 210. To ensure the privacy protection effect of the display device 10B in privacy mode, the out-of-plane phase retardation value of the second compensation film CPF2 may be greater than or equal to -300nm and less than or equal to -350nm, and the sum of the in-plane phase retardation values ​​of the first compensation film CPF1 and the second compensation film CPF2 must be greater than or equal to -50nm and less than or equal to 50nm. Similarly, when the in-plane phase retardation value of the first phase retardation film PRF1 is greater than or equal to -50nm and less than or equal to 50nm, the first compensation film CPF1 may not be disposed. Specifically, the sum of the in-plane phase delay values ​​of the polarization modulation unit must be greater than or equal to -50nm and less than or equal to 50nm.

[0097] Specifically, in this embodiment, if the first phase retardation film PRF1 is made of negative liquid crystal, its in-plane phase retardation value (R0) is preferably within the range of -50nm to -100nm. This optimizes the suppression effect of the display device 10B on the reflection of the vehicle window. If the first phase retardation film PRF1 is made of positive liquid crystal, its in-plane phase retardation value is preferably within the range of 50nm to 100nm. Since the out-of-plane phase retardation value of the first phase retardation film PRF1 made of positive liquid crystal is negative, the second compensation film CPF2 can be omitted.

[0098] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a display device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. Figure 10 yes Figure 9 A schematic diagram showing the configuration relationships of the polarizer's absorption axis, the alignment direction of the alignment layer, the compensation optical axis of the compensation film, and the optical axis of the phase retardation film. Please refer to... Figure 9 and Figure 10 The display device 10C in this embodiment and Figure 1AThe difference between the display device 10 and the other device is that the number of electrically controlled phase delayers is different.

[0099] Specifically, the display device 10C may further include a second electrically controlled phase delay unit 220, which is disposed overlapping the display panel 100 along the Z direction. In this embodiment, the second electrically controlled phase delay unit 220 is located between the first electrically controlled phase delay unit 210 and the backlight module 50. A polarizer POL2 is located between the first phase delay unit 210 and the second phase delay unit 220. A polarizer POL3 is provided on the side of the second electrically controlled phase delay unit 220 that faces away from the first electrically controlled phase delay unit 210.

[0100] Similar to the first electrically controlled phase retarder 210, the second electrically controlled phase retarder 220 may include a third substrate (not shown), a fourth substrate (not shown), a third alignment layer AL3, a fourth alignment layer AL4, and a second liquid crystal layer LCL2. The third alignment layer AL3 and the fourth alignment layer AL4 are respectively disposed on the third substrate and the fourth substrate. The third alignment layer AL3 is located between the third substrate and the second liquid crystal layer LCL2. The fourth alignment layer AL4 is located between the fourth substrate and the second liquid crystal layer LCL2. The second liquid crystal layer LCL2 is disposed between the third alignment layer AL3 and the fourth alignment layer AL4. The maximum phase retardation value of the second liquid crystal layer LCL2 is, for example, 1.08 μm.

[0101] For example, in this embodiment, the third alignment direction AD3 of the third alignment layer AL3 of the second electrically controlled phase delay 220 is perpendicular to the fourth alignment direction AD4 of the fourth alignment layer AL4. That is, the second liquid crystal layer LCL2 of the second electrically controlled phase delay 220 in this embodiment is driven in a twisted nematic (TN) mode, and the angle between the third alignment direction AD3 and the fourth alignment direction AD4 is 90 degrees. In this embodiment, the angles between the third alignment direction AD3 and the fourth alignment direction AD4 and the "single-sided privacy direction SPD" are 45 degrees or 135 degrees. For example, the angle A3 between the third alignment direction AD3 and the "single-sided privacy direction SPD" can be 135 degrees, and the angle A4 between the fourth alignment direction AD4 and the "single-sided privacy direction SPD" can be 45 degrees.

[0102] The second electrically controlled phase delay 220 may have a "single-sided privacy direction SPD" perpendicular to direction Z. In this embodiment, the "single-sided privacy direction SPD" is, for example, oriented towards... Figure 10 The direction is to the left. That is, the privacy direction SPD of the second electronically controlled phase delay 220 is parallel to the privacy direction SPD of the first electronically controlled phase delay 210. Therefore, the setting of the second electronically controlled phase delay 220 can further improve the privacy effect of the display device 10C on the privacy direction SPD.

[0103] Specifically, in this embodiment, the third alignment layer AL3 of the second electrically controlled phase delay unit 220 is disposed between the first liquid crystal layer LCL1 and the second liquid crystal layer LCL2. The third alignment direction AD3 of the third alignment layer AL3 can be parallel to the absorption axis AX2 of the polarizer POL2, while the fourth alignment direction AD4 of the fourth alignment layer AL4 can be parallel to the absorption axis AX3 of the polarizer POL3. The arrangement relationship between the third alignment direction AD3, the fourth alignment direction AD4, the axial direction of the absorption axis AX2, and the axial direction of the absorption axis AX3 defines the aforementioned "single-sided privacy direction SPD". In other words, the first electrically controlled phase delay unit 210 disposed between the polarizer POL1 and the polarizer POL2 enables the display device 10 to have an electrically switchable single-sided privacy effect.

[0104] As can be seen from the alignment layer configuration of the first electrically controlled phase retarder 210 and the second electrically controlled phase retarder 220, the rotational property of the second liquid crystal layer LCL2 can be different from that of the first liquid crystal layer LCL1. For example, the first liquid crystal layer LCL1 is composed of left-handed liquid crystal, while the second liquid crystal layer LCL2 is composed of right-handed liquid crystal. In this way, the alignment direction of the alignment layer of the first electrically controlled phase retarder 210 and the second electrically controlled phase retarder 220 can be parallel to the absorption axis of the adjacent polarizer (i.e., the electrically controlled phase retarder operates in an O-mode architecture), which helps to improve the privacy protection effect and display quality of the display device 10C.

[0105] In this embodiment, the polarizer 300C of the display device 10C may also have a polarizer POL4 on the side facing away from the first electrically controlled phase retarder 210. The first phase retardation film PRF1 and the first compensation film CPF1 are located between the polarizer POL1 and the polarizer POL4. The absorption axis AX4 of the polarizer POL4 may be parallel to the absorption axis AX1 of the polarizer POL1. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. In other embodiments, in order to improve the light energy utilization rate, the polarizer POL4 may be omitted from the display device. Similarly, when the in-plane phase retardation value of the first phase retardation film PRF1 is greater than or equal to -50nm and less than or equal to 50nm, the first compensation film CPF1 may not be provided. Specifically, the sum of the in-plane phase retardation values ​​of the polarizer modulation unit 310 must be greater than or equal to -50nm and less than or equal to 50nm.

[0106] Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a display device according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. Figure 12 yes Figure 11 A schematic diagram showing the arrangement relationship between the absorption axis of the polarizer, the alignment direction of the alignment layer, and the optical axis of the phase retardation film. Please refer to... Figure 11 and Figure 12 The display device 10D in this embodiment and Figure 9The difference between the display device 10C and the previous one lies in the different film layer configuration of the polarizer. Specifically, in the display device 10D of this embodiment, the polarizer modulation unit 310A may further include a second phase retardation film PRF2, disposed between the first phase retardation film PRF1 and the display panel 100. Furthermore, the polarizer 300A of this embodiment does not have... Figure 9 POL4 polarizer.

[0107] Since the polarizer 300A in this embodiment is similar to... Figure 5 The polarizer 300A is described in detail in the relevant paragraphs of the foregoing embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0108] Figure 13 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a display device according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. Figure 14 yes Figure 13 A schematic diagram showing the arrangement relationship between the absorption axis of the polarizer, the alignment direction of the alignment layer, and the optical axis of the phase retardation film. Please refer to... Figure 13 and Figure 14 The display device 10E in this embodiment and Figure 9 The difference between the display device 10C and the display device 10C is that the order of the polarizer film layer configuration is different.

[0109] For example, in the display device 10E of this embodiment, the first phase retardation film PRF1 of the polarizer 300E is disposed between the first electrically controlled phase retarder 210 and the polarizer POL1, and the polarizer 300E does not have Figure 9 The first compensation film CPF1 and the polarizer POL4 are included, meaning that in this embodiment, the polarizer 300E only includes the first phase retardation film PRF1 and the polarizer POL1. It is particularly noteworthy that in this embodiment, the second compensation film CPF2 can be disposed between the polarizer POL2 and the first electrically controlled phase retarder 210.

[0110] Since the technical effect of the polarizer 300E on the display device 10E in this embodiment is similar to that of... Figure 7 The technical effects of the polarizer 300B on the display device 10B are explained in detail in the relevant paragraphs of the foregoing embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0111] Figure 15 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a display device according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention. Figure 16 yes Figure 15 A schematic diagram showing the configuration relationships of the absorption axis of the polarizer, the alignment direction of the alignment layer, the compensation axis of the compensation film, and the optical axis of the phase retardation film. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 15 and Figure 16 The display device 11 in this embodiment and Figure 1A The main difference between the display devices 10 and the display panel is that the type and location of the display panel are different.

[0112] Specifically, in the display device 11 of this embodiment, the display panel 100A can be a self-emissive display panel, such as an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display panel, a micro light emitting diode (micro-LED) display panel, or a mini light emitting diode (mini-LED) display panel, but is not limited thereto.

[0113] In this embodiment, the polarizer 300F is disposed between the display panel 100A and the first electrically controlled phase delay unit 210, and a polarizer POL3-A is also disposed between the polarizer 300F and the display panel 100A. Specifically, the polarizer POL3-A is, for example, a circular polarizer, which is composed of, for example, a linear polarizer and a quarter-wave plate. The orthographic projection of the absorption axis AX3 of the linear polarizer onto the display surface DS of the display panel 100A can be parallel to the orthographic projection of the absorption axis AX1 of the polarizer POL1 onto the display surface DS. That is, the absorption axis AX3 is parallel to the polarizer POL1. Figure 16 The azimuth angle is 45 degrees. Similarly, when the in-plane phase retardation value of the first phase retardation film PRF1 is greater than or equal to -50nm and less than or equal to 50nm, the first compensation film CPF1 may not be provided. Specifically, the sum of the in-plane phase retardation values ​​of the polarization modulation unit 310 must be greater than or equal to -50nm and less than or equal to 50nm.

[0114] Since the technical effect of the polarizer 300F on the display device 11 in this embodiment is similar to that of... Figure 1A The technical effects of the polarizer 300 on the display device 10 are explained in detail in the relevant paragraphs of the foregoing embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0115] Figure 17 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a display device according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention. Figure 18 yes Figure 17 A schematic diagram showing the arrangement relationship between the absorption axis of the polarizer, the alignment direction of the alignment layer, and the optical axis of the phase retardation film. Please refer to... Figure 17 and Figure 18 The display device 11A in this embodiment and Figure 5 The main difference between the display device 10A and the display panel is that the type and location of the display panel are different.

[0116] Specifically, in the display device 11A of this embodiment, the display panel 100A can be a self-emissive display panel. A polarizer 300G is disposed between the display panel 100A and the first electrically controlled phase delay unit 210, and a polarizer POL3-A is also disposed between the polarizer 300G and the display panel 100A. It is particularly noteworthy that the polarizer POL3-A is, for example, a circular polarizer, which is composed of, for example, a linear polarizer and a quarter-wave plate. The orthographic projection of the absorption axis AX3 of the linear polarizer onto the display surface DS of the display panel 100A can be parallel to the orthographic projection of the absorption axis AX1 of the polarizer POL1 onto the display surface DS. That is, the absorption axis AX3 is parallel to the polarizer POL1. Figure 16 The azimuth angle is 45 degrees.

[0117] Since the technical effect of the polarizer 300G on the display device 11A in this embodiment is similar to that of... Figure 5 The technical effects of the polarizer 300A on the display device 10A can be described in detail in the relevant paragraphs of the foregoing embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0118] Figure 19 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a display device according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention. Figure 20 yes Figure 19 A schematic diagram showing the configuration relationships of the absorption axis of the polarizer, the alignment direction of the alignment layer, the compensation axis of the compensation film, and the optical axis of the phase retardation film. Please refer to... Figure 19 and Figure 20 The display device 11B in this embodiment and Figure 7 The main difference between the display device 10B and the display panel is that the type and location of the display panel are different.

[0119] Specifically, in the display device 11B of this embodiment, the display panel 100A can be a self-emissive display panel. The polarizer 300E is disposed on the side of the first electrically controlled phase delay unit 210 facing away from the display panel 100A. That is, the first electrically controlled phase delay unit 210 is located between the display panel 100A and the polarizer 300E. Notably, in this embodiment, the display device 11B also provides a quarter-wave plate QWP between the polarizer POL2 and the display panel 100A. The quarter-wave plate QWP and the polarizer POL2 can form a circular polarizer.

[0120] Since the technical effect of the polarizer 300E on the display device 11B in this embodiment is similar to that of... Figure 7 The technical effects of the polarizer 300B on the display device 10B are explained in detail in the relevant paragraphs of the foregoing embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0121] Figure 21This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a display device according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention. Figure 22 yes Figure 21 A schematic diagram showing the configuration relationships of the polarizer's absorption axis, the alignment direction of the alignment layer, the compensation optical axis of the compensation film, and the optical axis of the phase retardation film. Please refer to... Figure 21 and Figure 22 The display device 11C in this embodiment and Figure 9 The main difference between the display devices 10C and the display devices is that the type and location of the display panel are different.

[0122] Specifically, the display panel 100A in this embodiment can be a self-emissive display panel. In this embodiment, the polarizer 300F is disposed between the display panel 100A and the second electrically controlled phase delay unit 220, and a polarizer POL3-A is also disposed between the polarizer 300F and the display panel 100A. It should be noted that the polarizer POL3-A is, for example, a circular polarizer, which is composed of, for example, a linear polarizer and a quarter-wave plate. The orthographic projection of the absorption axis AX3 of the linear polarizer onto the display surface DS of the display panel 100A can be parallel to the orthographic projection of the absorption axis AX1 of the polarizer POL1 onto the display surface DS. That is, the absorption axis AX3 is parallel to the polarizer POL1. Figure 22 The azimuth angle is 135 degrees. Furthermore, the 300F polarizer does not have... Figure 9 POL4 polarizer.

[0123] Since the technical effect of the polarizer 300F in this embodiment on the display device 11C is similar to that of... Figure 1A The technical effects of the polarizer 300 on the display device 10 are explained in detail in the relevant paragraphs of the foregoing embodiments, and will not be repeated here. Similarly, when the in-plane phase retardation value of the first phase retardation film PRF1 is greater than or equal to -50nm and less than or equal to 50nm, the first compensation film CPF1 may not be provided. Specifically, the sum of the in-plane phase retardation values ​​of the polarizer 310 must be greater than or equal to -50nm and less than or equal to 50nm.

[0124] Figure 23 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a display device according to the eleventh embodiment of the present invention. Figure 24 yes Figure 23 A schematic diagram showing the arrangement relationship between the absorption axis of the polarizer, the alignment direction of the alignment layer, and the optical axis of the phase retardation film. Please refer to... Figure 23 and Figure 24 The display device 11D in this embodiment and Figure 11 The difference between the display devices 10D and 10D lies in the type and location of the display panel.

[0125] Specifically, in the display device 11D of this embodiment, the display panel 100A can be a self-emissive display panel. A polarizer 300G is disposed between the display panel 100A and the second electrically controlled phase delay unit 220, and a polarizer POL3-A is also disposed between the polarizer 300G and the display panel 100A. It is particularly noteworthy that the polarizer POL3-A is, for example, a circular polarizer, which is composed of, for example, a linear polarizer and a quarter-wave plate. The orthographic projection of the absorption axis AX3 of the linear polarizer onto the display surface DS of the display panel 100A can be parallel to the orthographic projection of the absorption axis AX1 of the polarizer POL1 onto the display surface DS. That is, the absorption axis AX3 is parallel to the polarizer POL1. Figure 24 The azimuth angle is 135 degrees.

[0126] Since the technical effect of the polarizer 300G in this embodiment on the display device 11D is similar to that of... Figure 5 The technical effects of the polarizer 300A on the display device 10A are explained in detail in the relevant paragraphs of the foregoing embodiments, and will not be repeated here. Similarly, when the in-plane phase retardation value of the first phase retardation film PRF1 is greater than or equal to -50nm and less than or equal to 50nm, the first compensation film CPF1 may not be provided. Specifically, the sum of the in-plane phase retardation values ​​of the polarizer 310A must be greater than or equal to -50nm and less than or equal to 50nm.

[0127] Figure 25 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a display device according to the twelfth embodiment of the present invention. Figure 26 yes Figure 25 A schematic diagram showing the arrangement relationship between the absorption axis of the polarizer, the alignment direction of the alignment layer, and the optical axis of the phase retardation film. Please refer to... Figure 25 and Figure 26 The display device 11E in this embodiment and Figure 13 The main difference between the display devices 10E and 10E lies in the type and location of the display panel.

[0128] Specifically, in the display device 11E of this embodiment, the display panel 100A can be a self-emissive display panel. The polarizer 300E is disposed on the side of the first electrically controlled phase delay unit 210 facing away from the display panel 100A. That is, the first electrically controlled phase delay unit 210 is located between the display panel 100A and the polarizer 300E. Notably, in this embodiment, the display device 11E also provides a quarter-wave plate QWP between the polarizer POL2 and the display panel 100A. The quarter-wave plate QWP and the polarizer POL2 can form a circular polarizer.

[0129] Since the technical effect of the polarizer 300E on the display device 11E in this embodiment is similar to that of... Figure 7The technical effects of the polarizer 300B on the display device 10B are explained in detail in the relevant paragraphs of the foregoing embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0130] In summary, in a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention, an electrically controlled phase retarder disposed between two polarizers with mutually perpendicular absorption axes enables the display device to have an electrically switchable privacy protection effect. By providing a phase retarder film in the polarizer, the wide-viewing-angle light emission of the display device on the non-privacy side is effectively suppressed. Furthermore, by controlling the sum of the in-plane phase retardation values ​​of the polarizer within the range of -50nm to 50nm, it can be ensured that the brightness of the display device at the forward viewing angle is not reduced due to the polarizer.

[0131] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. Any simple equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims and description of the invention are still within the scope of this patent. Furthermore, no embodiment or claim of the present invention needs to achieve all the objectives, advantages, or features disclosed in the invention. In addition, the abstract and title (invention title) are only used to assist in patent document retrieval and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., mentioned in this specification or claims are only used to name elements or distinguish different embodiments or scopes, and are not used to limit the upper or lower limit of the number of elements.

Claims

1. A display device, characterized in that, The display device includes a display panel, a first electrically controlled phase delay unit, a polarizer, and a second polarizer, wherein: The display panel has a display surface; The first electronically controlled phase delay unit is disposed overlapping the display panel; The polarizer includes a first polarizer and a polarization modulation unit, wherein: The first polarizer has a first absorption axis; and The polarization modulation unit includes a first phase retardation film having a first optical axis, wherein the orthographic projection of the first optical axis onto the display surface is neither parallel nor perpendicular to the orthographic projection of the first absorption axis onto the display surface, and the sum of the in-plane phase retardation values ​​of the polarization modulation unit is greater than or equal to -50 nm and less than or equal to 50 nm; and The second polarizer is disposed on the side of the first electronically controlled phase delay unit opposite to the polarizer and has a second absorption axis perpendicular to the first absorption axis.

2. The display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The polarization modulation unit further includes a first compensation film, wherein: The first compensation film has a compensation optical axis, which is neither parallel nor perpendicular to the first absorption axis.

3. The display device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The display device further includes a second compensation film, wherein: The second compensation film is disposed between the first electronically controlled phase delay unit and the first polarizer or the second polarizer.

4. The display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The orthographic projection of the first optical axis on the display surface is neither parallel nor perpendicular to the orthographic projection of the first absorption axis on the display surface.

5. The display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The polarizer also includes a third polarizer, wherein: The third polarizer has a third absorption axis, which is parallel to the first absorption axis, wherein the first phase retardation film is located between the first polarizer and the third polarizer.

6. The display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first electrically controlled phase delayer includes a first alignment layer, a second alignment layer, and a first liquid crystal layer, wherein: The first alignment layer has a first alignment direction; The second alignment layer has a second alignment direction, which is perpendicular to the first alignment direction; and The first liquid crystal layer is disposed between the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer, wherein the first alignment layer is disposed between the first liquid crystal layer and the polarizer, the first alignment direction is parallel to the first absorption axis, and the second alignment direction is parallel to the second absorption axis.

7. The display device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The display device further includes a second electrically controlled phase delay unit and a third polarizer, wherein: The second electronically controlled phase delay unit overlaps with the display panel; and The third polarizer is disposed on the side of the second electrically controlled phase delay unit opposite to the first electrically controlled phase delay unit and has a third absorption axis, wherein the second polarizer is located between the first electrically controlled phase delay unit and the second electrically controlled phase delay unit.

8. The display device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The second electrically controlled phase delayer includes a third alignment layer, a fourth alignment layer, and a second liquid crystal layer, wherein: The third alignment layer has a third alignment direction; The fourth alignment layer has a fourth alignment direction, which is perpendicular to the third alignment direction; and The second liquid crystal layer is disposed between the third alignment layer and the fourth alignment layer, wherein the third alignment layer is disposed between the first liquid crystal layer and the second liquid crystal layer, the third alignment direction is parallel to the second absorption axis, and the fourth alignment direction is parallel to the third absorption axis.

9. The display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The polarization modulation unit further includes a second phase retardation film, wherein: The second phase retardation film has a second optical axis, and the orthographic projection of the second optical axis on the display surface is perpendicular to the orthographic projection of the first optical axis on the display surface.

10. The display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first phase delay film is disposed between the display panel and the first polarizer.

11. The display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first phase delay film is disposed between the first electronically controlled phase delayer and the first polarizer.

12. The display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first phase retardation film is an O-type plate phase retardation film.

13. The display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The display device further includes a backlight module and a half-wave plate, wherein: The backlight module is disposed on the side of the first electronically controlled phase delay unit that faces away from the display panel; and The half-wave plate is disposed between the display panel and the polarizer, wherein the display panel is a non-self-emissive display panel, and the polarizer is disposed between the display panel and the first electrically controlled phase delay unit.

14. The display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The display panel is a self-emissive display panel, and the polarizer is disposed between the display panel and the first electronically controlled phase delay unit.

15. The display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The display panel is a self-emissive display panel, and the first electronically controlled phase delay unit is disposed between the display panel and the polarizer.

16. The display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The display device further includes a quarter-wave plate, wherein: The quarter-wave plate is disposed between the second polarizer and the display panel.

17. A polarizing modulator, characterized in that, The polarizer includes a first polarizer and a polarization modulation unit, wherein: The first polarizer has a first absorption axis; and The polarizing modulation unit includes a first phase retardation film, the first phase retardation film having a first optical axis, wherein the orthographic projection of the first optical axis on the first polarizer is neither parallel nor perpendicular to the first absorption axis, and the sum of the in-plane phase retardation values ​​of the polarizing modulation unit is greater than or equal to -50nm and less than or equal to 50nm.

18. The polarizer according to claim 17, characterized in that, The polarization modulation unit further includes a first compensation film, wherein: The first compensation film has a compensation optical axis, which is neither parallel nor perpendicular to the first absorption axis.

19. The polarizer according to claim 17, characterized in that, The polarization modulation unit further includes a second phase retardation film, wherein: The second phase retardation film has a second optical axis, wherein the first optical axis and the orthogonal projection of the second optical axis onto the first polarizer are perpendicular to each other.

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