A water-retaining capsule for ecological restoration of steep slopes and a manufacturing method thereof

Abstract

This application relates to the field of slope treatment technology, specifically to a water-retaining capsule for ecological restoration of steep slopes and its manufacturing method, including a water-retaining layer and an inner capsule layer. The water-retaining layer is located inside the inner capsule layer, which is made of elastic material and has tapered holes from the outside to the inside, thereby achieving the purpose of long-term and effective water retention for ecological restoration of slopes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of slope management technology, specifically to a water-retaining capsule for ecological restoration of steep slopes and its manufacturing method. Background Technology

[0002] In today's large-scale infrastructure construction, such as the building of highways and railways, and mining activities, a large number of steep slopes have inevitably been created. Due to their unique topographical conditions, the soil structure of these slopes is extremely unstable, and their fertility is severely depleted. At the same time, the steep slopes cause rainwater and other moisture to be lost very quickly and easily, making it difficult for them to be retained in the soil. Under natural conditions, vegetation struggles to grow and recover in such an environment, and the ecosystem is severely damaged.

[0003] To address the issue of water retention on slopes, existing measures include laying water-retaining membranes and applying chemical water-retaining agents. While both methods can promote vegetation growth to some extent, they each have their own problems. Laying water-retaining membranes is easily damaged by natural environmental factors in practical applications, has a short service life, and is difficult to lay on steep slopes, often resulting in insecure installation and slippage, leading to poor long-term water retention. While chemical water-retaining agents have some water retention capacity, some may pollute the soil and water bodies, and can even absorb water from plants during droughts. Furthermore, on steep slopes, chemical water-retaining agents are easily washed away by rainwater, failing to effectively and continuously retain soil moisture and thus not meeting the long-term needs of ecological restoration of steep slopes. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To achieve long-term and effective water retention for slope ecological restoration, a water-retaining capsule for steep slope ecological restoration is provided, comprising a water-retaining layer and an inner capsule layer. The water-retaining layer is located inside the inner capsule layer, which is made of an elastic material and has tapered holes extending from the outside in.

[0005] The above technical solution involves making the water-retaining agent into granules and encapsulating it in an inner capsule layer. This allows for effective water storage and slow release, providing a continuous and stable water supply to plants and achieving long-term effective water retention for slope ecological restoration. The design incorporates tapered holes; the larger outer diameter of the holes facilitates water entry and absorption by the water-retaining agent, while the smaller inner diameter slows water outflow, achieving a rapid absorption and slow release effect. This effectively reduces soil moisture loss. Furthermore, the water-retaining agent expands after absorbing water, enlarging the inner capsule layer and simultaneously widening the tapered holes, facilitating rainwater absorption. During periods of water scarcity, the tapered holes and inner capsule layer contract, further reducing water entry and release and preventing the water-retaining agent from competing with plants for water during droughts, thus promoting plant growth.

[0006] Optionally, an expansion layer is provided outside the inner capsule layer. The expansion layer is made of a water-absorbing and swelling material. An outer capsule layer is provided outside the expansion layer. The outer capsule layer is made of an elastic material. A tapered hole penetrates the expansion layer and the outer capsule layer.

[0007] Because the conical pores shrink when water is scarce, rainwater cannot easily pass through them during rain, resulting in poor absorption of rainwater by the water-retaining agent. The above technical solution involves setting up an expansion layer and an outer capsule layer. The conical pores of the expansion layer and the outer capsule layer are larger, making it easier for rainwater to enter the expansion layer. After absorbing rainwater, the expansion layer expands, further expanding the conical pores, allowing rainwater to enter the water-retaining layer more smoothly for storage, thereby further improving the water-retaining capacity of the water-retaining capsule.

[0008] Optionally, the material of the water-retaining layer includes vermiculite, perlite, and bentonite.

[0009] Through the above technical solution, vermiculite, perlite, and bentonite possess high water absorption and retention properties. Vermiculite has a unique layered structure, enabling it to absorb several times its own weight in water; perlite has numerous tiny pores, providing excellent air permeability and water absorption; and bentonite has strong water absorption and swelling properties, effectively locking in moisture. The combined use of these minerals can fully leverage their respective advantages to improve water retention.

[0010] Optionally, the material of the inner capsule layer includes polylactic acid and chitosan.

[0011] Through the above technical solutions, polylactic acid has good biocompatibility and degradability, and can gradually decompose in the soil without causing environmental pollution; chitosan has certain antibacterial properties, which can protect the internal minerals and plant seeds from microbial damage, and can also degrade naturally in the soil.

[0012] Optionally, the material of the outer capsule layer includes polylactic acid and chitosan.

[0013] Optionally, the water-retaining layer may include fertilizer and microbial agents.

[0014] By adding appropriate amounts of nutrients, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers, through the above technical solutions, necessary nutrients are provided for plant growth. At the same time, microbial agents, such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, are added. These microorganisms can improve the soil's ecological environment, promote the transformation and absorption of nutrients in the soil, improve soil fertility, and further benefit plant growth.

[0015] Optionally, this application also discloses a method for manufacturing water-retaining capsules for ecological restoration of steep slopes, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0016] S1. Pre-treat the material of the water-retaining layer;

[0017] S2. The pretreated water-retaining layer material is made into granules;

[0018] S3. Dissolve biodegradable polymer materials in a solvent to form a capsule solution;

[0019] S4. Spray the capsule solution onto the outer surface of the water-retaining layer material prepared in S2 to form particles, and wait for the capsule solution to dry to form the inner capsule layer;

[0020] S5. Drill a tapered hole on the outside of the inner capsule layer to open up the inner capsule layer.

[0021] The above technical solution, employing material pretreatment, granulation, spray coating, and drilling molding processes, produces capsules with stable structure, high strength, and controllable water retention, making them suitable for large-scale production applications.

[0022] Optionally, the pretreatment of the water-retaining layer material in S1 includes the following steps:

[0023] S101. Clean the water-retaining layer material;

[0024] S102. The water-retaining layer material is crushed, and the particle diameter of the crushed water-retaining layer material is between 0.1-1mm.

[0025] S103. Activation treatment is applied to the pulverized water-retaining layer material to improve its pore structure and surface properties.

[0026] The above technical solutions involve cleaning the water-retaining layer material to ensure it is free of impurities, and then pulverizing it to form granules for easier processing. The 0.1-1mm particle size range of the water-retaining layer material increases the specific surface area of ​​the minerals, improving its water absorption capacity. Activation treatment further increases the porosity and surface activity of the water-retaining layer material, resulting in even better water retention.

[0027] Optionally, in step S5, a tapered hole is drilled outside the inner capsule layer while a microbial agent is added to the water-retaining layer.

[0028] High-temperature drying is required when pretreating the material of the water-retaining layer. If microbial agents are injected beforehand, it may affect the activity of the microbial agents. With the above technical solution, adding microbial agents at the same time as drilling can avoid the impact of high-temperature drying on the activity of the microbial agents, so that the microbial agents can improve the ecological environment of the soil more smoothly, promote the transformation and absorption of nutrients in the soil, and improve soil fertility.

[0029] Optionally, in step S4, after waiting for the capsule solution to dry, the material of the expansion layer is sprayed onto the outside of the inner capsule layer to form an expansion layer, and then the capsule solution is sprayed onto the expansion layer, and the capsule solution is waited to dry to form the outer capsule layer.

[0030] In step S5, a tapered hole is drilled from the outside of the outer capsule layer to connect the outer capsule layer, the expansion layer, and the inner capsule layer.

[0031] One or more technical solutions provided by this invention have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0032] 1. By setting up a water-retaining layer and wrapping it with an inner capsule layer, effective water storage and slow release can be achieved, providing a continuous and stable water supply for plants and realizing long-term and effective water retention for slope ecological restoration; the setting of tapered holes, which are larger on the outside and smaller on the inside, can achieve the function of fast water absorption and slow release, effectively reducing soil moisture loss. After absorbing water, the water-retaining agent expands, making the tapered holes larger, which facilitates the absorption of rainwater by the water-retaining agent. When water is scarce, the tapered holes shrink to prevent the water-retaining agent from competing with plants for water, which is more conducive to plant growth.

[0033] 2. By setting an expansion layer and an outer capsule layer, the tapered holes of the expansion layer and the outer capsule layer are larger, making it easier for rainwater to enter the expansion layer. After absorbing rainwater, the expansion layer expands, thereby further expanding the tapered holes, allowing rainwater to enter the water-retaining layer more smoothly for storage, and further improving the water-retaining capacity of the water-retaining capsule.

[0034] 3. By adding appropriate amounts of nutrients, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers, to the water-retaining layer, necessary nutrients are provided for plant growth. At the same time, microbial agents, such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, are added. These microorganisms can improve the soil's ecological environment, promote the transformation and absorption of nutrients in the soil, improve soil fertility, and make it more conducive to plant growth. Attached Figure Description

[0035] The accompanying drawings, which are provided to further illustrate embodiments of the invention and constitute a part of this invention, are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of this application;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a partial structural cross-sectional view intended to emphasize the tapered hole in this application;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this application;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a partial structural diagram intended to emphasize the granulation structure in this application;

[0040] Figure 5 This application is intended to emphasize a partial structural diagram of the conveyor belt;

[0041] Figure 6 This is a partial structural diagram of the conveyor belt in this application;

[0042] Figure 7 This is a partial structural diagram intended to emphasize the sprayed structure in this application;

[0043] Figure 8 This is a partial structural diagram intended to emphasize the borehole structure in this application.

[0044] The components include: 1. Water-retaining layer; 2. Inner capsule layer; 3. Expansion layer; 4. Outer capsule layer; 5. Tapered hole; 6. Granulation structure; 61. Mixer; 62. Extrusion wheel; 7. Conveyor belt; 71. Drive motor; 72. Driving wheel; 73. Driven wheel; 74. Transmission belt; 75. Mesh; 76. Vibration structure; 8. Spraying structure; 81. Spraying host; 82. Spraying control structure; 83. Spraying track; 84. Tunnel oven; 9. Drilling structure; 91. Mold closing motor; 92. Drilling mold; 93. Microbial agent injection structure. Detailed Implementation

[0045] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, where there is no conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features thereof can be combined with each other.

[0046] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and therefore the scope of protection of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 A water-retaining capsule for ecological restoration of steep slopes includes a water-retaining layer 1 and an inner capsule layer 2. The water-retaining layer 1 is located inside the inner capsule layer 2, which is made of an elastic material and has tapered holes 5 extending from the outside in. By making the water-retaining agent into granules and encapsulating it in the inner capsule layer 2, effective water storage and slow release can be achieved, providing a continuous and stable water supply for plants and enabling long-term effective water retention for slope ecological restoration. The tapered holes 5, which are larger on the outside and smaller on the inside, allow for rapid water absorption and slow release, effectively reducing soil moisture loss. The water-retaining agent expands after absorbing water, enlarging the tapered holes 5 to facilitate rainwater absorption. In water-scarce conditions, the tapered holes 5 contract to prevent the water-retaining agent from competing with plants for water, thus promoting plant growth.

[0049] An expansion layer 3, made of a water-absorbing and expanding material, is provided outside the inner capsule layer 2. An outer capsule layer 4, made of an elastic material, is also provided outside the expansion layer 3. A tapered hole 5 penetrates both the expansion layer 3 and the outer capsule layer 4. Because the tapered hole 5 contracts when water is scarce, rainwater cannot easily pass through it during rain, resulting in poor rainwater absorption by the water-retaining agent. The expansion layer 3 and the outer capsule layer 4 have larger tapered holes 5, allowing rainwater to enter the expansion layer 3 more easily. After absorbing rainwater, the expansion layer 3 expands, further expanding the tapered hole 5, enabling rainwater to enter the water-retaining layer 1 more smoothly for storage, thus further improving the water-retaining capacity of the water-retaining capsule.

[0050] The materials of the water-retaining layer 1 include vermiculite, perlite, and bentonite. Vermiculite, perlite, and bentonite all have high water absorption and retention properties. Vermiculite has a unique layered structure that can absorb several times its own weight in water; perlite has many tiny pores, providing good air permeability and water absorption; and bentonite has strong water absorption and expansion properties, effectively locking in moisture. The combined use of these minerals can fully leverage their respective advantages to improve the water retention effect.

[0051] The inner capsule layer 2 and the outer capsule layer 4 are made of polylactic acid and chitosan. Polylactic acid has good biocompatibility and biodegradability, and can gradually decompose in the soil without causing pollution to the environment. Chitosan has certain antibacterial properties, which can protect the internal minerals and plant seeds from microbial damage, and can also degrade naturally in the soil.

[0052] The water-retaining layer 1 includes fertilizers and microbial agents. Appropriate amounts of nutrients, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers, are added to provide necessary nutrients for plant growth. At the same time, microbial agents, such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, are added. These microorganisms can improve the soil's ecological environment, promote the transformation and absorption of nutrients in the soil, improve soil fertility, and make it more conducive to plant growth.

[0053] This embodiment utilizes an inner capsule layer 2 to encapsulate a water-retaining agent and a tapered pore 5 slow-release capsule structure. This design allows for rapid water absorption while effectively controlling the release rate, reducing soil moisture loss and ensuring a continuous and slow supply of water to the plants, providing a stable water supply for plant growth. The mineral-based water-retaining capsule exhibits excellent water absorption and retention properties, absorbing large amounts of water during rainfall or irrigation and releasing it slowly during droughts, effectively reducing soil moisture loss and providing a stable water supply for plant growth. The nutrients and microbial agents in the additives improve soil fertility and the ecological environment, increasing plant survival rates and growth rates, accelerating the ecological restoration process of steep slopes. Furthermore, the capsule shell is made of biodegradable polymer material, which gradually decomposes in the soil without causing environmental pollution, meeting the sustainable development requirements of ecological restoration.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] This application also discloses a method for manufacturing a water-retaining capsule for ecological restoration of steep slopes, comprising the following steps:

[0056] S1. Pre-treat the material of water-retaining layer 1;

[0057] S2. The pretreated water-retaining layer 1 material is made into granules;

[0058] S3. Dissolve biodegradable polymer materials in a solvent to form a capsule solution;

[0059] S4. Spray the capsule solution onto the outer surface of the water-retaining layer 1 material made in S2 to form particles, and wait for the capsule solution to dry to form the inner capsule layer 2.

[0060] S5. Drill a tapered hole 5 on the outside of the inner capsule layer 2 to open up the inner capsule layer 2.

[0061] Optionally, the pretreatment of the water-retaining layer 1 material in S1 includes the following steps:

[0062] S101. Clean the water-retaining layer 1 material;

[0063] S102. The water-retaining layer 1 material is crushed, and the particle diameter of the crushed water-retaining layer 1 material is between 0.1-1mm.

[0064] S103. Activation treatment is performed on the pulverized water-retaining layer 1 material to improve its pore structure and surface properties.

[0065] The water-retaining layer 1 material is cleaned to ensure it is free of impurities. It is then pulverized to form granules, facilitating processing. The 0.1-1mm particle size increases the specific surface area of ​​the minerals, improving its water absorption capacity. Activation treatment further increases the porosity and surface activity of the water-retaining layer 1 material, resulting in even better water retention.

[0066] Optionally, in step S5, a tapered hole 5 is drilled outside the inner capsule layer 2 while a microbial agent is added to the water-retaining layer 1.

[0067] High-temperature drying is required when pretreating the material of the water-retaining layer 1. If the microbial agent is injected beforehand, it may affect the activity of the microbial agent. Through the above technical solution, the microbial agent is added at the same time as drilling, which can avoid the impact of high-temperature drying on the activity of the microbial agent, so that the microbial agent can improve the ecological environment of the soil more smoothly, promote the transformation and absorption of nutrients in the soil, and improve soil fertility.

[0068] Optionally, for minerals used as water-retaining agents, activation treatment can be achieved through high-temperature calcination. The minerals are placed in a high-temperature furnace and calcined at 500-700℃ for 1-3 hours to change the crystal structure of the minerals, thereby increasing porosity and surface activity.

[0069] Optionally, when preparing the capsule solution, polylactic acid is added to organic solvents such as dichloromethane and trichloromethane to obtain a first solution, and chitosan is added to acidic solvents such as acetic acid to obtain a second solution. The first and second solutions are then mixed. The overall concentration of the solution is generally controlled between 5-15%, and the specific concentration can be adjusted according to the properties of the polymer material and the requirements for capsule production.

[0070] Water-retaining agent capsules can be formed using a die-casting and perforation method. First, the capsules are evenly laid out on a perforated conveyor belt. Then, the upper and lower molds with tapered needles are closed, and the capsule shells are pierced through the tapered needles while simultaneously injecting a fungicide, forming a water-retaining agent capsule with tapered holes (5). Because the capsule shell has a tapered hole structure (5), with a larger outer surface and a smaller inner surface, it allows for rapid water absorption and slow release, effectively reducing soil moisture loss and providing a stable water supply for plant growth.

[0071] Example 3

[0072] Reference Figure 3 This embodiment also discloses a water-retaining capsule production device for ecological restoration of steep slopes, comprising:

[0073] Granular structure 6: Used to extrude water-retaining agents into granular structures;

[0074] Spraying structure 8: Located between granulation structure 6 and drilling structure 9, used to spray a protective layer on the outside of the water-retaining agent;

[0075] Drilling structure 9: Located after the spraying structure 8, it is used to drill tapered holes outside the protective layer;

[0076] Conveying structure: One end is connected to the granulation structure 6, and the other end is connected to the drilling structure 9, used to transport the water-retaining agent to the spraying structure 8 and the drilling structure 9.

[0077] The water-retaining agent is processed into granules through the granulation structure 6, and then transported to the spraying structure 8 through the conveying structure. The spraying structure 8 is used to spray the capsule shell on the outside of the water-retaining agent. Finally, the capsule shell is drilled with the drilling structure 9 to form a tapered hole 5, thus completing the production of the water-retaining capsule. The integrated production line of granulation, spraying, drilling and conveying realizes the automated continuous production of water-retaining capsules with high efficiency, uniform specifications and stable quality, meeting the needs of large-scale preparation.

[0078] Reference Figure 4The granulation structure 6 includes a mixer 61 and two extrusion rollers 62. Each extrusion roller 62 has a semi-circular groove on its edge and is arranged side-by-side. The material outlet of the mixer 61 is located directly above and between the two extrusion rollers 62, and one end of the conveyor belt 7 is located directly below the two extrusion rollers 62. The mixer 61 mixes the water-retaining agent evenly and discharges it between the two extrusion rollers 62, causing it to fall into the semi-circular grooves of the rollers. The rollers then compress the water-retaining agent into spherical granules, facilitating subsequent steps.

[0079] Reference Figure 5 The conveyor belt 7 is connected to a drive structure, which includes a drive motor 71, a drive pulley 72, a driven pulley 73, and a transmission belt 74. The shaft of the drive motor 71 is fixedly connected to the drive pulley 72, and the driven pulley 73 is connected to the conveyor belt 7. The drive pulley 72 and the driven pulley 73 are connected through the conveyor belt 7. Since the conveyor belt 7 needs to transport goods at a stable and uniform speed, ordinary drives are prone to slippage, unstable speed, and affecting the production rhythm. Therefore, the drive motor 71 drives the drive pulley 72 to rotate, and the drive pulley 72 drives the driven pulley 73 through the belt. The driven pulley 73 drives the conveyor belt 7 to move, making the conveying stable and reliable, transporting goods at a uniform speed, ensuring smooth connection between each process, and maintaining a stable production rhythm.

[0080] Reference Figure 6 The conveyor belt 7 has multiple circular mesh holes 75 on its surface, the diameter of which is smaller than the diameter of the granular water-retaining agent. Since the granular water-retaining agent is prone to rolling and accumulating, resulting in uneven distribution and affecting subsequent processes, when the granular water-retaining agent rolls to the mesh hole 75, it falls into the mesh hole 75 due to gravity. Because the diameter of the mesh hole 75 is smaller than that of the granular water-retaining agent, the water-retaining agent will not pass through the mesh hole 75, thus firmly fixing the water-retaining agent to the conveyor belt 7. Simultaneously, the mesh hole 75 can position the water-retaining agent, ensuring uniform distribution and facilitating the smooth operation of subsequent processes.

[0081] A vibration structure 76 is provided below the conveyor belt 7 to drive the conveyor belt 7 to vibrate, so that the granular water-retaining agent moves slowly on the conveyor belt 7 until the water-retaining agent enters the mesh 75, so that the water-retaining agent particles are dispersed and evenly distributed, and the water-retaining agent particles are prevented from accumulating in some areas of the conveyor belt 7.

[0082] Reference Figure 7The spraying structure 8 includes a spraying machine body, a spraying control structure 82, and a spraying track 83. The spraying machine body is located above the spraying track 83, which is connected to the conveyor belt 7. The spraying control structure 82 controls the movement and switching of the spraying machine body. The spraying machine body is configured to spray a protective layer onto the surface of the water-retaining agent granules. The spraying machine body can move along the spraying track 83 to perform multi-angle, long-term spraying of the water-retaining agent granules, ensuring uniform coating of the protective layer on the surface of the water-retaining granules. The spraying control structure 82 controls the switching and movement of the spraying machine body, eliminating the need for manual operation and making the production of capsule granules more convenient.

[0083] Reference Figure 8 The spraying structure 8 includes a tunnel oven 84, which is located at one end of the spraying track 83 away from the granulation structure 6. Since the sprayed protective layer is liquid, it is prone to slippage due to gravity, resulting in uneven coverage and affecting the quality of the water-retaining capsules. The tunnel oven 84 is set up to heat the water-retaining particles of the sprayed protective layer, so that the protective layer can be heated and cured quickly, preventing the protective layer from slipping and improving the quality of the water-retaining capsules.

[0084] The spraying structure 8 consists of three sets, arranged side-by-side along the conveyor belt 7. From closest to furthest from the granulation structure 6, the three sets of spraying structures 8 are designated as the first set, the second set, and the third set. These three sets of spraying structures 8 allow for continuous spraying of the inner capsule layer 2, the expanded layer 3, and the outer capsule layer 4 onto the outside of the water-retaining agent granules, ensuring continuous production and improving production efficiency.

[0085] The drilling structure 9 includes a clamping motor 91 and a drilling die 92. The drilling die 92 is connected to the output shaft of the clamping motor 91. The clamping motor 91 drives the drilling die 92 to move up and down. Multiple tapered needles are provided on the end of the drilling die 92 facing away from the clamping motor 91. Two sets of drilling structures 9 are provided, located above and below the conveyor belt 7, respectively. The clamping motor 91 drives the drilling die closer to the water-retaining capsule, causing the tapered needles to insert into the inner capsule layer 2, the expansion layer 3, and the outer capsule layer 4. The tapered needles are then pulled out, forming a tapered hole 5. Because the conveyor belt 7 has mesh holes 75, the upper and lower clamping motors 91 can simultaneously drill holes above and below the capsule, improving the drilling efficiency of the water-retaining capsule.

[0086] The punching mold 92 has an internal bacterial agent channel, and the tip of the conical needle has an injection hole. The bacterial agent channel and the injection hole are connected. The punching mold 92 is connected to a bacterial agent injection structure 93, which is connected to the bacterial agent channel. Since the bacterial agent is not easy to survive at high temperatures, if it is directly mixed into the water-retaining agent, it is easy for the bacterial agent to be deactivated by high temperature. While the conical needle is drilling, the bacterial agent injection structure 93 injects the bacterial agent into the bacterial agent channel and then into the water-retaining capsule through the injection hole, thus avoiding the bacterial agent from being deactivated by high temperature.

[0087] The specific implementation of this embodiment is as follows: During the production of water-retaining capsules, the water-retaining agent is placed in a mixer for stirring, and the uniformly stirred water-retaining agent is discharged between two extrusion rollers 62, causing the water-retaining agent to fall into the semi-circular grooves between the two extrusion rollers 62. The two extrusion rollers 62 extrude the water-retaining agent into spherical particles. Subsequently, the spherical water-retaining agent falls above the conveyor belt 7 and rolls to the mesh 75. Under the influence of gravity, the water-retaining agent will fall into the mesh 75. Since the diameter of the mesh 75 is smaller than the diameter of the granular water-retaining agent, the water-retaining agent will not pass through the mesh 75, thereby achieving a stable fixation of the water-retaining agent on the conveyor belt 7. A vibration structure 76 is set to make the granular water-retaining agent move slowly on the conveyor belt 7 until the water-retaining agent enters the mesh 75, so that the water-retaining agent particles are dispersed and discharged. The coating is evenly distributed to prevent water-retaining agent particles from accumulating in a certain area of ​​the conveyor belt 7. A spraying machine body is set up to spray a protective layer on the surface of the water-retaining agent particles. The spraying machine body can move along the spraying track 83 to spray the water-retaining agent particles from multiple angles and for a long time to ensure that the protective layer on the surface of the water-retaining particles is evenly sprayed. A tunnel oven 84 is set up to heat the water-retaining particles with the sprayed protective layer, so that the protective layer is heated and cured quickly. Three sets of spraying structures 8 are set up to spray the inner capsule layer 2, the expansion layer 3 and the outer capsule layer 4 on the outside of the water-retaining agent, respectively, to improve production efficiency. Then the conveyor belt 7 transports the sprayed water-retaining capsules to the drilling structure 9. The mold closing motor 91 drives the drilling mold 92 to open the tapered hole 5 on the surface of the capsule. At the same time, the bacterial agent injection structure 93 injects the bacterial agent into the water-retaining layer 1 of the water-retaining capsule through the bacterial agent channel.

[0088] Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including both the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the invention.

[0089] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A water-retaining capsule for ecological restoration of steep slopes, characterized in that, It includes a water-retaining layer (1) and an inner capsule layer (2). The water-retaining layer (1) is located inside the inner capsule layer (2). The inner capsule layer (2) is made of elastic material and has tapered holes (5) that are larger on the outside and smaller on the inside.

2. The water-retaining capsule for ecological restoration of steep slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, An expansion layer (3) is provided outside the inner capsule layer (2). The expansion layer (3) is made of water-absorbing and expanding material. An outer capsule layer (4) is provided outside the expansion layer (3). The outer capsule layer (4) is made of elastic material. A tapered hole (5) penetrates the expansion layer (3) and the outer capsule layer (4).

3. A water-retaining capsule for ecological restoration of steep slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The materials of the water-retaining layer (1) include vermiculite, perlite and bentonite.

4. A water-retaining capsule for ecological restoration of steep slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner capsule layer (2) is made of polylactic acid and chitosan.

5. A water-retaining capsule for ecological restoration of steep slopes according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outer capsule layer (4) is made of polylactic acid and chitosan.

6. A water-retaining capsule for ecological restoration of steep slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water-retaining layer (1) includes fertilizer and microbial agents.

7. A method for manufacturing a water-retaining capsule for ecological restoration of steep slopes according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Pre-treat the material of the water-retaining layer (1); S2. The pretreated water-retaining layer (1) material is made into granules; S3. Dissolve biodegradable polymer materials in a solvent to form a capsule solution; S4. Spray the capsule solution onto the outer surface of the water-retaining layer (1) material made in S2 to form particles, and wait for the capsule solution to dry to form the inner capsule layer (2). S5. Drill a tapered hole (5) on the outside of the inner capsule layer (2) to open up the inner capsule layer (2).

8. A method for manufacturing a water-retaining capsule for ecological restoration of steep slopes according to claim 7, characterized in that, The pretreatment of the water-retaining layer (1) material in S1 includes the following steps: S101. Clean the water-retaining layer (1) material; S102. The water-retaining layer (1) material is crushed, and the particle diameter of the crushed water-retaining layer (1) material is between 0.1-1mm. S103. The pulverized water-retaining layer (1) material is activated to improve its pore structure and surface properties.

9. A method for manufacturing a water-retaining capsule for ecological restoration of steep slopes according to claim 8, characterized in that, In S5, a tapered hole (5) is drilled on the outside of the inner capsule layer (2), and a microbial agent is added to the water-retaining layer (1).

10. A method for manufacturing a water-retaining capsule for ecological restoration of steep slopes according to claim 8, characterized in that, In S4, after the capsule solution dries, the material of the expansion layer (3) is sprayed on the outside of the inner capsule layer (2) to form the expansion layer (3), and then the capsule solution is sprayed on the expansion layer (3) and the capsule solution dries to form the outer capsule layer (4). In S5, a tapered hole (5) is drilled from the outside of the outer capsule layer (4) so ​​that the tapered hole (5) connects the outer capsule layer (4), the expansion layer (3), and the inner capsule layer (2).

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